CN112083616A - Metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/353—Frequency conversion, i.e. wherein a light beam is generated with frequency components different from those of the incident light beams
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- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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Abstract
The invention relates to a metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of nonlinear optical composite materials. The problems of low linear transmittance, narrow protection wave band, poor solubility, low damage threshold, long response time and the like of the laser protection material in the prior art and the problem of poor three-order nonlinear optical performance of the nonlinear optical material are solved. The nonlinear optical composite material is prepared by the non-covalent combination of phthalocyanine and graphene. The nonlinear optical composite material has stable performance and good three-order nonlinear optical performance, can be used as an optical amplitude limiting material, and has the advantages of simple preparation method and no pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nonlinear optical composite materials, and particularly relates to a metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the development of laser, the laser radiation effect indicates that various high-power or high-peak-power lasers can cause interference or damage effects of detectors, and can also cause dazzling or blinding effects to human eyes to a certain extent, thereby possibly threatening the safety of photoelectric equipment and human eyes. For protection of laser, the optical limiting material design based on the nonlinear optical principle is required, and the optimal design is the nonlinear optical composite material with various optical limiting mechanisms.
Phthalocyanines are organic compounds having 18 highly delocalized pi-electron conjugated structures, which exhibit unique nonlinear optical characteristics, with large third-order nonlinear coefficients and fast nonlinear response characteristics. The typical electronic absorption spectrum of phthalocyanines generally includes two absorption bands: one is due to pi-pi*The electron transition of the orbitals occurs in the infrared region of the visible spectrum (at the Q band at 600-800 nm) and the other absorption band is in the near ultraviolet region (B band at 200-400 nm). And the nanosecond laser pulse intensity can be limited in a wide ultraviolet visible spectrum range through an excited state absorption process, the thermal stability and the processability are good, and the molecular structure of the nanosecond laser pulse intensity can be cut and designed to effectively adjust the nonlinear optics and the optical amplitude limiting response performance of the material. The electronic characteristics of the macrocyclic molecules can be adjusted by complexing with other compounds to improve the third-order nonlinear optical properties of the phthalocyanines.
The graphene being sp of monoatomic thickness2The hybridized carbon atoms are arranged in a honeycomb lattice form to form a two-dimensional layered structure, and structurally have a conjugated pi electron two-dimensional plane structure, so that the two-dimensional layered structure is used as a novel nonlinear optical material and has the characteristics of saturated absorption, excited state absorption and two-photon absorption under different experimental conditions. However, due to the low band gap and weak light absorption characteristics of graphene, generally pure graphene materials are not used as ideal light-limiting materials, and researches show that certain organic molecules are loaded on the surface of graphene, so that the light absorption property of the graphene can be effectively adjusted, and the nonlinear optical property of the graphene can be improved. But the solubility of graphene materials in organic solvents is poor.
The graphene and the phthalocyanine molecules have three-order nonlinear optical properties, and the phthalocyanine molecules can be parallelly close to a graphene sheet layer to form pi-pi accumulation, so that phthalocyanine non-covalent bonding graphene with a highly delocalized pi conjugated structure is obtained, a soluble functional material is formed, the optical amplitude limiting response wavelength of the phthalocyanine in a visible infrared region can be effectively expanded, the optical properties and the optical amplitude limiting response are improved, and the aggregation effect can be effectively inhibited to improve the solubility. Meanwhile, the compound is beneficial to keeping the original appearance of graphene, so that the excellent conductivity and wear resistance of the graphene are kept, the thermal stability of phthalocyanine is kept, and the compound has an application prospect in optical limiting materials.
Studies on graphene-phthalocyanine composite materials have been reported, but most of them are formed by compounding graphene with metal phthalocyanine or phthalocyanine derivatives. CN109103332A provides a high-dispersibility graphene-copper phthalocyanine photoelectric material. CN109030589A provides a tetra-beta-carboxyphenoxy metal phthalocyanine-graphene composite material used as a gas sensitive material. CN107649183A provides a graphene TiO2Copper phthalocyanine composite powder photocatalyst. CN107413311A provides a tetraisopropoxy zinc phthalocyanine-graphene visible light photocatalytic adsorption material. CN106683907B provides a graphene-nickel substituted argil supercapacitor electrode material. CN105833913A provides a graphene-sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine-titanium dioxide composite photocatalyst. CN105372305A provides a graphene-nickel phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt-gold nanoparticle composite electrochemical sensor. CN102593360B provides a photoresponsive material formed by stacking graphene and azobenzene-octabutoxy-2, 3-naphthalocyanine copper. CN102850360A prepares a metal phthalocyanine-graphene composite by using an electrostatic assembly method, so that the metal phthalocyanine derivative can be uniformly attached to the surface of graphene. CN104091959A prepares a nitro-ferrous phthalocyanine-graphene composite material through solvothermal pi-assembling, and the nitro-ferrous phthalocyanine-graphene composite material is used as a methanol fuel cell cathode catalyst. CN105742659A discloses a method for preparing a porous composite material of iron phthalocyanine-graphene, which is to load iron phthalocyanine on the surface and the wall surface of a porous graphene material by simple impregnation. The methods using the metal phthalocyanine have severe pollutionHeavy, complicated operation steps and the like. And the simple physical composite method without metal phthalocyanine and graphene has less research, especially in the aspect of optical limiting materials.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material, and a preparation method and an application thereof, in order to solve the problems of low linear transmittance, narrow protection band, poor solubility, low damage threshold, long response time, etc. of a laser protection material in the prior art and the problem of poor third-order nonlinear optical performance of a nonlinear optical material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material is prepared by the non-covalent combination of phthalocyanine and graphene, and the mass ratio of the phthalocyanine to the graphene is 1: 1.
Preferably, the graphene is N-layer graphene, and N is more than or equal to 2.
More preferably, the graphene is double-layer graphene, three-layer graphene, four-layer graphene or 10-15-layer graphene.
More preferably, the double-layer graphene is PGN2, the three-layer graphene is CGN3, the four-layer graphene is PGN4, and the 10-15-layer graphene is CGN 15.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material, which is used for non-covalently combining phthalocyanine and graphene to obtain the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:
stirring phthalocyanine, graphene and concentrated sulfuric acid in a water bath at the temperature of 40-80 ℃ for 20-30 hours to obtain a liquid-solid mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the phthalocyanine to the graphene is 1: 1;
step two, cooling the liquid-solid mixture obtained in the step one to room temperature, adding the mixture into ice water, and stirring the mixture for 0.5 to 1.5 hours at the room temperature to quench the mixture to obtain a crude product;
and step three, carrying out vacuum filtration on the crude product, washing and drying to obtain the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material.
More preferably, in the first step, the concentration of the phthalocyanine in concentrated sulfuric acid is 5-8 mg/ml.
More preferably, in the first step and the second step, the stirring speed is 400-600 rmp.
More preferably, in the second step, the liquid-solid mixture is dripped into ice water at a dripping speed of 1 drop per second, and the ratio of the liquid-solid mixture to the ice water is 1 (1.5-3).
More preferably, in the third step, the washing is performed by washing with deionized water to neutrality and then washing with ethanol.
More preferably, in the third step, the drying temperature is 30-60 ℃, the drying time is 10-20 hours, and the drying equipment is an oven.
The invention also provides application of the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material as an optical amplitude limiting material.
Preferably, the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material is applied as a protective material of a laser device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the preparation method of the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material is simple and pollution-free.
The metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material has stable performance and good third-order nonlinear optical performance, and through test detection, the absorbance (lambda is 233nm) of the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material in dimethyl formamide (DMF), the ultraviolet absorption intensity of 0.005mg/mL is 0.027-0.673, the ultraviolet absorption intensity of 0.05mg/mL is 0.518-1.022, and the ultraviolet absorption intensity of 0.5mg/mL is 1.813-4.117.
The metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material prepared by the invention can be applied as an optical amplitude limiting material.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a fourier infrared absorption spectrum of a metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene composite prepared in example 4 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a raman spectrum of a metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene composite prepared in example 4 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a graph of nonlinear optical properties of a metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene composite prepared in example 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, preferred embodiments of the invention are described below in conjunction with the detailed description, but it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate the features and advantages of the invention and not to limit the claims to the invention.
The metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material is prepared by the non-covalent combination of phthalocyanine and graphene. The phthalocyanine in the composite material is an electron donor, and the graphene is an electron acceptor.
In the technical scheme, the graphene is N-layer graphene, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, such as double-layer graphene, three-layer graphene, four-layer graphene or 10-15-layer graphene. The N-layer graphene can be prepared by a physical method or a chemical method, and is not particularly limited, and generally, double-layer graphene, four-layer graphene and 10-15-layer graphene are prepared by a physical method, and three-layer graphene is prepared by a chemical method. The double-layer graphene is preferably PGN2, the three-layer graphene is preferably CGN3, the four-layer graphene is preferably PGN4, and the 10-15-layer graphene is preferably CGN 15. The phthalocyanine is pure phthalocyanine without any metal modification, and the structural formula is shown as a formula I. The mass ratio of phthalocyanine to graphene is 1: 1.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material, which is used for non-covalently combining phthalocyanine and graphene to obtain the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
adding phthalocyanine, graphene and concentrated sulfuric acid into a reactor, and stirring in a water bath at 40-80 ℃ for 20-30 hours to obtain a liquid-solid mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the phthalocyanine to the graphene is 1: 1;
step two, after cooling the liquid-solid mixture obtained in the step one to room temperature, dropwise adding the mixture into ice water, and stirring the mixture at room temperature for 0.5 to 1.5 hours to quench the mixture to obtain a crude product;
and step three, carrying out vacuum filtration on the crude product, washing the crude product to be neutral by using deionized water, then washing the crude product by using ethanol, and drying the crude product to obtain the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material.
According to the technical scheme, in the first step, the concentration of phthalocyanine in concentrated sulfuric acid is 5-8 mg/ml; the stirring speed is 400-600 rmp.
In the technical scheme, in the second step, the ratio of the liquid-solid mixture to the ice water is 1 (1.5-3); the stirring speed is 400-600 rmp. The dropping rate was 1 drop per second.
According to the technical scheme, in the third step, the drying temperature is 30-60 ℃, preferably 50 ℃, the drying time is 10-20 hours, and the drying equipment is an oven, preferably a vacuum drying oven.
The invention also provides application of the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material as an optical amplitude limiting material, such as the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material which can be used as the optical amplitude limiting material for laser device protection.
The terms used in the present invention generally have meanings commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise specified.
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. The room temperature is defined herein as 20-25 ℃.
In the following examples, various procedures and methods not described in detail are conventional methods well known in the art. Materials, reagents, devices, instruments, apparatuses and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Step one, adding 200mg of phthalocyanine, 200mg of physical method double-layer graphene (PGN2) and 30ml of concentrated sulfuric acid into a reactor, and stirring in a water bath at 60 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain a liquid-solid mixture.
And step two, cooling the liquid-solid mixture prepared in the step one to room temperature, dropwise adding the mixture into a beaker filled with 50ml of ice water at the speed of 1 drop per second, and stirring the mixture for 1 hour at room temperature to obtain a crude product.
And step three, carrying out vacuum filtration on the crude product, washing the crude product to be neutral by using deionized water, then washing the crude product by using ethanol, and drying the crude product in a 50 ℃ oven for 12 hours to obtain the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material.
Example 2
Step one, adding 200mg of phthalocyanine, 200mg of physical four-layer graphene (PGN4) and 30ml of concentrated sulfuric acid into a reactor, and stirring in a water bath at 60 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain a liquid-solid mixture.
And step two, cooling the liquid-solid mixture prepared in the step one to room temperature, dropwise adding the mixture into a beaker filled with 50ml of ice water at the speed of 1 drop per second, and stirring the mixture for 1 hour at room temperature to obtain a crude product.
And step three, carrying out vacuum filtration on the crude product, washing the crude product to be neutral by using deionized water, then washing the crude product by using ethanol, and drying the crude product in a 50 ℃ oven for 12 hours to obtain the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material.
Example 3
Step one, adding 200mg of phthalocyanine, 200mg of chemical method three-layer graphene (CGN3) and 30ml of concentrated sulfuric acid into a reactor, and stirring in a water bath at 60 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain a liquid-solid mixture.
And step two, cooling the liquid-solid mixture prepared in the step one to room temperature, dropwise adding the mixture into a beaker filled with 50ml of ice water at the speed of 1 drop per second, and stirring the mixture for 1 hour at room temperature to obtain a crude product.
And step three, carrying out vacuum filtration on the crude product, washing the crude product to be neutral by using deionized water, then washing the crude product by using ethanol, and drying the crude product in a 50 ℃ oven for 12 hours to obtain the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material.
Example 4
Step one, adding 200mg of phthalocyanine, 200mg of chemical method multilayer graphene (CGN15) and 30ml of concentrated sulfuric acid into a reactor, and stirring in a water bath at 60 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain a liquid-solid mixture.
And step two, cooling the liquid-solid mixture prepared in the step one to room temperature, dropwise adding the mixture into a beaker filled with 50ml of ice water at the speed of 1 drop per second, and stirring the mixture for 1 hour at room temperature to obtain a crude product.
And step three, carrying out vacuum filtration on the crude product, washing the crude product to be neutral by using deionized water, then washing the crude product by using ethanol, and drying the crude product in a 50 ℃ oven for 12 hours to obtain the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material.
The metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite materials prepared in examples 1 to 4 were measured for Ultraviolet (UV) absorption intensity, and the measurement results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 UV absorption Strength of Metal-free Phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composites in examples 1-4
Fourier infrared absorption spectrum detection, Raman detection and nonlinear optical property detection are carried out on the sample 4. The Fourier infrared absorption spectrum results are shown in FIG. 1, and it can be seen from FIG. 1 that the infrared absorption peaks of the composite material of example 4 are weakened, only at 1500cm, compared with phthalocyanine (Pc)-1And 1200-1000 cm-1Two single strong peaks appear indicating the formation of new material. Raman spectrum as shown in fig. 2, it can be seen from fig. 2 that the Raman response signal of the composite material of example 4 is simplified compared to phthalocyanine (Pc), indicating that the synthesized composite material has high purity. The nonlinear optical performance is shown in fig. 3, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that the amplitude limit of the composite material of example 4 can reach 30%, and the composite material has good optical amplitude limit performance.
It should be understood that the above embodiments are only examples for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither necessary nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material is characterized by being prepared by non-covalent bonding of phthalocyanine and graphene, wherein the mass ratio of the phthalocyanine to the graphene is 1: 1.
2. The metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material of claim 1, wherein the graphene is N-layer graphene, and N is greater than or equal to 2.
3. The metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite according to claim 2, wherein the graphene is double-layer graphene, three-layer graphene, four-layer graphene, or 10-15-layer graphene.
4. The method for preparing the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein phthalocyanine and graphene are non-covalently bonded to obtain the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material.
5. The method for preparing the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material according to claim 4, comprising the following steps:
stirring phthalocyanine, graphene and concentrated sulfuric acid in a water bath at the temperature of 40-80 ℃ for 20-30 hours to obtain a liquid-solid mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the phthalocyanine to the graphene is 1: 1;
step two, cooling the liquid-solid mixture obtained in the step one to room temperature, adding the mixture into ice water, and stirring the mixture for 0.5 to 1.5 hours at the room temperature to quench the mixture to obtain a crude product;
and step three, carrying out vacuum filtration on the crude product, washing and drying to obtain the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material.
6. The method for preparing the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material according to claim 5, wherein in the first step, the concentration of the phthalocyanine in concentrated sulfuric acid is 5-8 mg/ml.
7. The preparation method of the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material according to claim 5, wherein in the second step, the liquid-solid mixture is dripped into ice water at a dripping speed of 1 drop per second, and the ratio of the liquid-solid mixture to the ice water is 1 (1.5-3).
8. The preparation method of the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material according to claim 5, wherein in the first step and the second step, the stirring speed is 400-600 rpm;
in the third step, the washing is firstly washed to be neutral by deionized water and then washed by ethanol;
in the third step, the drying temperature is 30-60 ℃, the drying time is 10-20 h, and the drying equipment is an oven.
9. Use of the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 as an optical limiting material.
10. The metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material according to claim 9, which is used as an optical limiting material, and is characterized in that the metal-free phthalocyanine-graphene nonlinear optical composite material is used as a laser device protective material.
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Application publication date: 20201215 |