CN112083245A

CN112083245A - Target object electromagnetic radiation disturbance testing method, system, equipment and medium

Info

Publication number: CN112083245A
Application number: CN202010945916.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 姚志强; 周曦; 马盼盼; 薛小娇
Original assignee: Guangzhou Yunconghonghuang Intelligent Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Guangzhou Yunconghonghuang Intelligent Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-09
Filing date: 2020-09-09
Publication date: 2020-12-15
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-09
Also published as: CN112083245B

Abstract

The invention provides a method, a system, equipment and a medium for testing electromagnetic radiation disturbance of a target object, which are used for testing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance of the target object; if the target object does not pass the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test, testing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test parameters of the target object according to a preset test sequence, and making an adjustment strategy according to a test result; and adjusting the target object according to the adjustment countermeasures, and performing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object again after the adjustment until the target object passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test. According to the invention, through analysis of disturbance waveforms and equipment structures, methods of near-field measurement, magnetic ring addition, filter circuit addition and the like are integrated, and methods of electromagnetic radiation disturbance positioning and rectification are designed, so that different flowerlike solution ideas of electromagnetic radiation disturbance problems are provided; the problems that the radiation disturbance positioning is inaccurate, the rectification efficiency is low, the rectification strategy cannot be produced in mass and the like in the traditional method are solved.

Description

Target object electromagnetic radiation disturbance testing method, system, equipment and medium

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic radiation disturbance testing, in particular to a method, a system, equipment and a medium for testing electromagnetic radiation disturbance of a target object.

Background

Before the electronic equipment is sold on the market, the market admission permission can be obtained only by performing mandatory authentication of electromagnetic compatibility, and if the equipment is not designed with good electromagnetic compatibility, partial function failure can be caused, and the normal work of other electronic equipment is disturbed. At present, with more and more functions of electronic products, the communication speed of an internal electronic module is higher and higher, and the risk that a radiation disturbance test in equipment electromagnetic compatibility authentication cannot pass is higher and higher. In addition, radiation standards are often exceeded when the equipment is subjected to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test certification. At present, no normalization and standardized quick positioning and problem solving method for the radiation disturbance problem exists, so that the problems of inaccurate electromagnetic radiation disturbance positioning, low rectification efficiency, no mass production of rectification countermeasures and the like are caused, the cost investment is greatly increased, the rectification quality is poor, and the authentication requirement cannot be met.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a method, a system, a device and a medium for testing electromagnetic radiation disturbance of a target object, which are used to solve the technical problems in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides a method for testing electromagnetic radiation disturbance of a target object, comprising the steps of:

carrying out electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on a target object;

if the target object does not pass the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test, testing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test parameters of the target object according to a preset test sequence, and making an adjustment strategy according to a test result;

and adjusting the target object according to the rectification strategy, and performing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object again after the adjustment until the target object passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test.

Optionally, the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test parameter of the target object includes at least one of: frequency of electromagnetic radiation exceeding frequency points, signal cables, electromagnetic radiation exceeding frequency points, power lines and shielding structures.

Optionally, determining the preset test sequence according to the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test parameters of the target object;

the preset test sequence at least comprises: and sequentially testing according to the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation standard exceeding frequency points, the signal cable, the electromagnetic radiation standard exceeding frequency points, the power line and the shielding structure.

Optionally, if the target object does not pass the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test, testing the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation frequency points exceeding the standard in the target object, and determining whether a frequency doubling relationship exists between the electromagnetic radiation frequency points exceeding the standard in the target object;

determining the frequency points exceeding the standard with the frequency multiplication relation as frequency point regular disturbance, and determining the frequency points exceeding the standard without the frequency multiplication relation as frequency point irregular disturbance;

setting up an adjustment and modification strategy according to the regular disturbance or the irregular disturbance of the frequency points; and adjusting the target object according to the rectification strategy, and performing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object again after the adjustment until the target object passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test.

Optionally, acquiring regular disturbance of frequency points, and determining a transmission source according to the signal fundamental frequency of the target object;

adding a filter design to the determined emission source, and then performing an electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object; and if the test fails, performing the filter design again, and continuing to perform the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object until the target object passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test.

Optionally, acquiring irregular disturbance of frequency points, and determining whether the target object has an external signal cable;

if the target object has an external signal cable, pulling out the corresponding signal cable, and judging whether the target object passes an electromagnetic radiation disturbance test;

if the target object does not pass the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test after the signal cable is pulled out, analyzing the electromagnetic disturbance performance of the signal cable; and carrying out the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test again according to the corresponding analysis result; and if the test fails, performing the filter design again, and continuing to perform the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object until the target object passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test.

Optionally, if the electromagnetic disturbance performance of the signal cable is good, performing an electromagnetic radiation disturbance test again after adding a filter design at the port of the signal cable; if the test fails, carrying out filter design again, and continuing to carry out the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object until the target object passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test;

if the electromagnetic disturbance performance of the signal cable is not good, performing electromagnetic radiation disturbance test after adjustment according to the signal cable adjustment measures; if the test fails, carrying out filter design again, and continuing to carry out the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object until the target object passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test; wherein the signal cable adjustment measure comprises at least one of: the signal cable shielding layer is grounded, and the differential signal wire is twisted.

Optionally, if the target object has no external signal cable, or the target object still fails the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test after the signal cable of the target object is unplugged; analyzing the electromagnetic radiation exceeding frequency point to determine whether the electromagnetic radiation exceeding frequency point is a low-frequency envelope or a high-frequency single point;

making a rectification strategy according to the low-frequency envelope or the high-frequency single point; and adjusting the target object according to the rectification strategy, and performing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object again after the adjustment until the target object passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test.

Optionally, if the electromagnetic radiation exceeding frequency point is a high-frequency single point, performing near-field measurement and positioning by using a spectrometer and a near-field probe, and continuing to perform an electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object after adding a filter design; and if the test fails, performing the filter design again, and continuing to perform the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object until the target object passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test.

Optionally, if the electromagnetic radiation standard exceeding frequency point is a low-frequency envelope, determining whether an external power line exists in the target object;

if an external power line exists, adding a magnetic ring to the external power line to determine whether the electromagnetic radiation disturbance is reduced;

and if the electromagnetic radiation disturbance is reduced, performing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test again after adding a filter design at the power supply port, performing the filter design again after the test fails, and continuing performing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object until the target object passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test.

Optionally, if the target object has no external power line, or the electromagnetic radiation disturbance is not reduced; and performing an electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the shielding structure of the target object, performing a shielding design again after the test fails, and continuing to perform the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object until the target object passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test.

The invention also provides a target object electromagnetic radiation disturbance test system, which comprises:

the first test module is used for carrying out an electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on a target object;

the management module is used for testing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test parameters of the target object according to a preset test sequence when the target object does not pass the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test, and making an adjustment and modification strategy according to a test result;

and the second testing module is used for adjusting the target object according to the rectification strategy and performing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object again after adjustment until the target object passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test.

Optionally, the management module comprises an electromagnetic radiation standard exceeding frequency point frequency unit, a signal cable unit, an electromagnetic radiation standard exceeding frequency point unit, a power line unit and a shielding structure unit;

the electromagnetic radiation frequency point frequency unit exceeding the standard is used for analyzing the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation frequency point exceeding the standard, dividing electromagnetic disturbance into regular disturbance of frequency points and irregular disturbance of frequency points, and making corresponding adjustment strategies;

the signal cable unit is used for analyzing the signal cable, dividing the target object into a target object with an external signal cable and a target object without the external signal cable, and making a corresponding correction strategy;

the electromagnetic radiation standard exceeding frequency point unit is used for analyzing the electromagnetic radiation standard exceeding frequency point, dividing the electromagnetic radiation standard exceeding frequency point of the target object into a low-frequency including point and a high-frequency single point, and making a corresponding correction strategy;

the power line unit is used for analyzing the power line, dividing the target object into a target object with a power line and a target object without the power line, and making a corresponding correction strategy;

and the shielding structure unit is used for analyzing the shielding structure and making a corresponding correction strategy according to the shielding structure.

The invention also provides a target object electromagnetic radiation disturbance testing device, which comprises:

carrying out electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on a target object;

The present invention also provides an apparatus comprising:

one or more processors; and

one or more machine-readable media having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform a method as in any one of the above.

The present invention also provides one or more machine-readable media having stored thereon instructions, which when executed by one or more processors, cause an apparatus to perform the method as recited in any of the above.

As described above, the method, system, device and medium for testing electromagnetic radiation disturbance of the target object provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects: performing an electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on a target object; if the target object does not pass the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test, testing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test parameters of the target object according to a preset test sequence, and making an adjustment strategy according to a test result; and adjusting the target object according to the adjustment countermeasures, and performing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object again after the adjustment until the target object passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test. The target object in the invention comprises electronic equipment. Aiming at the problems of inaccurate electromagnetic radiation disturbance positioning, low solution efficiency, no mass production of rectification countermeasures and the like of the conventional electronic equipment, a whole set of electromagnetic radiation disturbance positioning and rectification method is designed by analyzing disturbance waveforms and equipment structures and combining methods of near-field measurement, magnetic ring addition, filter circuit addition and the like, so that different flow-based solution ideas of electromagnetic radiation disturbance problems are provided; therefore, the problems that the radiation disturbance positioning is inaccurate, the rectification efficiency is low, the rectification strategy cannot be produced in mass production and the like in the traditional method are solved, and the corresponding positioning and rectification thought can be conveniently searched according to different waveforms and different structures during rectification. In addition, the invention abandons the high-cost rectification and modification strategies such as sleeving a magnetic ring on a cable, completely shielding the whole machine and the like, provides the rectification and modification strategies which are convenient to lead in mass production and have lower cost, and better improves the electromagnetic compatibility of the electronic equipment.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an electromagnetic radiation disturbance testing method according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram illustrating a low frequency envelope and a high frequency single point, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of electromagnetic radiation disturbance localization and rectification provided by an embodiment;

fig. 4 is a schematic hardware structure diagram of an electromagnetic radiation disturbance testing system according to an embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a management module according to an embodiment;

fig. 6 is a schematic hardware structure diagram of a terminal device according to an embodiment;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a terminal device according to another embodiment.

Description of the element reference numerals

M10 first test module

M20 management module

M30 second test module

D10 electromagnetic radiation frequency unit with frequency exceeding standard frequency point

D20 signal cable unit

D30 electromagnetic radiation standard exceeding frequency point unit

D40 power line unit

D50 shielding structural unit

1100 input device

1101 first processor

1102 output device

1103 first memory

1104 communication bus

1200 processing assembly

1201 second processor

1202 second memory

1203 communication assembly

1204 Power supply Assembly

1205 multimedia assembly

1206 voice assembly

1207 input/output interface

1208 sensor assembly

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.

It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the components related to the present invention are only shown in the drawings rather than drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed freely, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a method for testing electromagnetic radiation disturbance of a target object, including the following steps:

s100, carrying out an electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on a target object; the target object in the method comprises electronic equipment.

S200, if the target object does not pass the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test, testing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test parameters of the target object according to a preset test sequence, and making an adjustment and modification strategy according to a test result;

s300, adjusting the target object according to the rectification strategy, and performing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object again after the adjustment until the target object passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test.

Aiming at the problems of inaccurate electromagnetic radiation disturbance positioning, low solution efficiency, no mass production of rectification countermeasures and the like of the conventional electronic equipment, the method integrates methods of near-field measurement, magnetic ring addition, filter circuit addition and the like through analyzing disturbance waveforms and equipment structures, designs a whole set of electromagnetic radiation disturbance positioning and rectification method, and provides different flow-based solution ideas of electromagnetic radiation disturbance problems; therefore, the problems that the radiation disturbance positioning is inaccurate, the rectification efficiency is low, the rectification strategy cannot be produced in mass production and the like in the traditional method are solved, and the corresponding positioning and rectification thought can be conveniently searched according to different waveforms and different structures during rectification. In addition, the method abandons high-cost rectification strategies such as sleeving a magnetic ring on a cable, completely shielding the whole machine and the like, provides rectification strategies which are convenient to introduce in mass production and have lower cost, and better improves the electromagnetic compatibility of electronic equipment. Moreover, when the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the electronic equipment fails, the positioning rectification is needed; according to the scheme recorded in the method, a tester can quickly position different electromagnetic radiation disturbance problems and clearly modify the thought, so that the electronic equipment to be tested can quickly pass the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test to complete the electromagnetic compatibility authentication.

In an exemplary embodiment, the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test parameters of the target object include at least one of: frequency of electromagnetic radiation exceeding frequency points, signal cables, electromagnetic radiation exceeding frequency points, power lines and shielding structures. The target object in the method comprises electronic equipment. Namely, the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test parameters of the electronic equipment in the method comprise at least one of the following parameters: frequency of electromagnetic radiation exceeding frequency point, signal cable, electromagnetic radiation exceeding frequency point, power line and case structure. In the embodiment of the application, the preset test sequence can be determined according to the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test parameters of the electronic equipment. As an example, the preset test sequence may be set as follows: and sequentially testing the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation standard exceeding frequency point, the signal cable, the electromagnetic radiation standard exceeding frequency point, the power line and the chassis structure.

In an exemplary embodiment, if the electronic device fails the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test, the frequency of electromagnetic radiation superstandard frequency points in the electronic device is tested, and whether a frequency doubling relationship exists between the electromagnetic radiation superstandard frequency points in the electronic device is determined. And determining the frequency points exceeding the standard with the frequency multiplication relation as frequency point regular disturbance, and determining the frequency points exceeding the standard without the frequency multiplication relation as frequency point irregular disturbance. Setting an adjustment and modification strategy according to regular disturbance or irregular disturbance of the frequency points; and adjusting the electronic equipment according to the adjustment and modification strategy, and performing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the electronic equipment again after the adjustment until the electronic equipment passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test. According to the method and the device, whether the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation standard-exceeding frequency point in the electronic equipment is regular or not is judged by comparing the reference fundamental frequency with the reference fundamental frequency of each signal of the circuit board, so that the electromagnetic disturbance is divided into frequency point regular disturbance and frequency point irregular disturbance. By way of example, through analysis of the frequencies of the radiation disturbance exceeding frequency points, whether a certain frequency doubling relation exists between the frequencies of the exceeding frequency points is judged. If frequency multiplication relation exists, the frequency points exceeding the standard are regarded as regular points, and if the frequency of the frequency points exceeding the standard is 375MHz, 625MHz and 750MHz which are respectively 3 frequency multiplication, 5 frequency multiplication and 6 frequency multiplication of 125MHz of the gigabit network clock, the frequency points exceeding the standard corresponding to 375MHz, 625MHz and 750MHz are regarded as regular points.

According to the records, the method also comprises the steps of obtaining the regular disturbance of the frequency points and determining a transmitting source according to the signal fundamental frequency of the electronic equipment; adding a filter design to the determined emission source, and then performing an electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the electronic equipment; and if the test fails, performing the filter design again, and continuing to perform the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the electronic equipment until the electronic equipment passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test. In the embodiment, a set of electromagnetic radiation disturbance positioning and rectifying methods is designed by adding a filter circuit, and different flowerlike solution ideas of electromagnetic radiation disturbance problems are provided.

In an exemplary embodiment, irregular disturbance of a frequency point is obtained, and whether an electronic device has an external signal cable or not is determined; if the electronic equipment has an external signal cable, pulling out the corresponding signal cable, and judging whether the electronic equipment passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test; if the electronic equipment does not pass the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test after the signal cable is pulled out, analyzing the electromagnetic disturbance performance of the signal cable; and carrying out the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test again according to the corresponding analysis result; and if the test fails, performing the filter design again, and continuing to perform the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the electronic equipment until the electronic equipment passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test. Specifically, if the electromagnetic disturbance performance of the signal cable is good, the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test is performed again after a filter design is added at the port of the signal cable; and if the test fails, performing the filter design again, and continuing to perform the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the electronic equipment until the electronic equipment passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test. If the electromagnetic disturbance performance of the signal cable is not good, performing electromagnetic radiation disturbance test after adjustment according to the signal cable adjustment measures; and if the test fails, performing the filter design again, and continuing to perform the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the electronic equipment until the electronic equipment passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test. Wherein the signal cable adjustment measure comprises at least one of: the signal cable shielding layer is grounded, and the differential signal wire is twisted.

In an exemplary embodiment, if the electronic device does not have an external signal cable, or the electronic device still fails the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test after the signal cable of the electronic device is unplugged; analyzing the electromagnetic radiation exceeding frequency point to determine whether the electromagnetic radiation exceeding frequency point is a low-frequency envelope or a high-frequency single point; making an adjustment strategy according to the low-frequency envelope or the high-frequency single point; and adjusting the electronic equipment according to the adjustment and modification strategy, and performing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the electronic equipment again after the adjustment until the electronic equipment passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test. Specifically, as an example, if the frequency point with the electromagnetic radiation exceeding the standard is a high-frequency single point, the spectrometer is used in combination with a near-field probe to perform near-field measurement and positioning, and the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test is continuously performed on the electronic equipment after the filter design is added; and if the test fails, performing the filter design again, and continuing to perform the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the electronic equipment until the electronic equipment passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test. The embodiment of the application integrates a near field measurement method, designs a set of electromagnetic radiation disturbance positioning and rectifying method, and provides a flow-based solution idea of different electromagnetic radiation disturbance problems. As another example, if the electromagnetic radiation standard exceeding frequency point is a low-frequency envelope, determining whether an external power line exists in the electronic device; if the external power line exists, adding a magnetic ring to the external power line to determine whether the electromagnetic radiation disturbance is reduced; and if the electromagnetic radiation disturbance is reduced, performing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test again after adding the filter design at the power supply port, performing the filter design again after the test fails, and continuing performing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the electronic equipment until the electronic equipment passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test. The embodiment of the application integrates a method for adding the magnetic ring, designs a set of electromagnetic radiation disturbance positioning and rectifying method, and provides a flow-based solution thought of different electromagnetic radiation disturbance problems. Wherein, the low-frequency power envelope (i.e. low-frequency envelope) refers to an envelope waveform with a frequency lower than 230Mhz in an electromagnetic radiation disturbance test of the electronic equipment, as shown by a point 1 in fig. 2; the high-frequency single point refers to a single-point waveform with a frequency exceeding 230Mhz in an electromagnetic radiation disturbance test of the electronic equipment, as shown by a point 2 in fig. 2.

In an exemplary embodiment, if the electronic device does not have an external power line, or the electromagnetic radiation disturbance is not reduced; and performing an electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the shielding structure of the electronic equipment, performing a shielding design again after the test fails, and continuing to perform the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the electronic equipment until the electronic equipment passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test.

According to the above description, in an embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a flow sequence of electromagnetic radiation disturbance positioning and rectification is enumerated, specifically:

step S101: and (5) positioning and correcting. And performing an electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the electronic equipment according to the electromagnetic compatibility radiation disturbance test standard, and if the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test fails, entering the step S102.

Step S102: and (4) visually analyzing the frequency. Through the analysis of the frequencies of the frequency points with radiation disturbance exceeding the standard, whether a certain frequency doubling relationship exists between the frequency points with the exceeding the standard is judged, and then the frequency points with the exceeding the standard are considered to be regular points, if the frequencies of the frequency points with the exceeding the standard are 375MHz, 625MHz and 750MHz which are respectively 3 frequency doubling, 5 frequency doubling and 6 frequency doubling of 125MHz of a gigabit network clock, the frequency points with the exceeding the standard corresponding to 375MHz, 625MHz and 750MHz are considered to be regular points. If the frequency points are regular, the emission source is judged according to the fundamental frequency of each signal of the mainboard, the radiation disturbance test is carried out after the emission source is subjected to the filter design, if the test fails, the filter design is carried out again until the radiation disturbance test is passed, and the rectification is completed. If the frequency is not regular, the process proceeds to step S103.

Step S103: and (4) positioning and rectifying problems of the signal cable. If the frequency point is irregular, whether the electronic equipment has an external signal cable or not needs to be checked; if the electronic equipment is provided with an external signal cable, the signal cable is pulled out, and if the test is passed after the signal cable is pulled out, the electromagnetic disturbance performance of the cable is analyzed in terms of whether the cable is shielded or not, whether the shielding is grounded or not, whether the differential signal wire is twisted or not and the like, for example, the cable is provided with a shielding layer with good grounding, the differential signal cable is twisted, and the twisted-pair density is higher, so that the electromagnetic disturbance performance of the cable is considered to be better. And if the electromagnetic disturbance performance of the cable is not good, performing measures such as cable shielding, cable shielding layer grounding, differential signal wire twinning and the like, and then performing a radiation disturbance test, and if the test fails, performing filter design again until the radiation disturbance test passes, and finishing rectification. And if the electromagnetic disturbance performance of the cable is good, a radiation disturbance test is carried out after a filter design is added at the port of the cable, and if the test fails, the filter design is carried out again until the radiation disturbance test passes, so that the rectification is completed. If the electronic device has no external signal cable or the test fails after the external signal cable is unplugged, the method goes to step S104.

Step S104: and (4) positioning and rectifying the internal disorder problem. If the electronic equipment has no external signal cable or the test fails after the external signal cable is pulled out, the frequency points exceeding the standard need to be analyzed to see whether the frequency points exceeding the standard are low-frequency envelopes or high-frequency single points. If the single-point radio frequency spectrum is a high-frequency single-point radio frequency spectrum, the single-point radio frequency spectrum is proved to be the reason of the single board of the electronic equipment, a frequency spectrograph is needed to be matched with a near-field probe to carry out near-field measurement positioning, the radiation disturbance energy of the single board is higher, a radiation disturbance test is carried out after a filter design is added, if the test fails, the filter design is carried out again until the radiation disturbance test passes, and the rectification is completed. If the superscalar frequency point is the low frequency envelope, the process proceeds to step S105.

Step S105: and (5) correcting and correcting the problem location of the power cable. If the frequency point exceeds the standard is low-frequency envelope, whether the electronic equipment has an external power line needs to be judged, if the external power line exists, a magnetic ring is added on a power supply to see whether the electromagnetic disturbance is reduced, if the electromagnetic disturbance is reduced, the disturbance is proved to be brought out from a power supply port, a radiation disturbance test is carried out after the power supply port is provided with a filter design, if the test is failed, the filter design is carried out again until the radiation disturbance test is passed, and the rectification is completed. And if the electronic equipment has no external power line or the electromagnetic disturbance of the power line plus magnetic ring is not reduced, the step S106 is entered.

S106: and (4) positioning and rectifying the structural problem of the case. If the electronic equipment has no external power line or the electromagnetic disturbance of the power line plus magnetic ring is not reduced, the radiation disturbance test is carried out after the chassis is shielded, and if the test fails, the shielding design is carried out again until the radiation disturbance test passes, and the rectification and the improvement are completed.

The embodiment of the application divides the positioning rectification method of the irregular harassment frequency points into two types of signal cables and no signal cables through the inspection of the appearance. By analyzing the frequency points, the disturbance of an irregular and signal-free cable is divided into a high-frequency single point and a low-frequency power envelope. Through the analysis of the cable, the disturbance of the irregular and signal cable is divided into the disturbance of the cable reason and the disturbance of the non-cable reason. Whether power envelope exists or not is judged through analyzing frequency points, and the power envelope rectifying and modifying method is divided into two types of power lines and non-power lines. The power line interference rectifying and reforming thought is divided into two categories of power supply increasing filtering and case shielding by judging whether the radiation disturbance of the power line sleeve magnetic ring is reduced or not.

In conclusion, the method performs the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object; if the target object does not pass the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test, testing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test parameters of the target object according to a preset test sequence, and making an adjustment strategy according to a test result; and adjusting the target object according to the adjustment countermeasures, and performing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object again after the adjustment until the target object passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test. The target object in the invention comprises electronic equipment. Aiming at the problems of inaccurate electromagnetic radiation disturbance positioning, low solution efficiency, no mass production of rectification countermeasures and the like of the conventional electronic equipment, a whole set of electromagnetic radiation disturbance positioning and rectification method is designed by analyzing disturbance waveforms and equipment structures and combining methods of near-field measurement, magnetic ring addition, filter circuit addition and the like, so that different flow-based solution ideas of electromagnetic radiation disturbance problems are provided; therefore, the problems that the radiation disturbance positioning is inaccurate, the rectification efficiency is low, the rectification strategy cannot be produced in mass production and the like in the traditional method are solved, and the corresponding positioning and rectification thought can be conveniently searched according to different waveforms and different structures during rectification. In addition, the invention abandons the high-cost rectification and modification strategies such as sleeving a magnetic ring on a cable, completely shielding the whole machine and the like, provides the rectification and modification strategies which are convenient to lead in mass production and have lower cost, and better improves the electromagnetic compatibility of the electronic equipment. The method breaks through the disorder of the existing radiation disturbance problem positioning rectification mode, positions the source of the radiation disturbance problem through the analysis of disturbance waveforms, equipment structures, equipment cables and near-field measurement data, applies design schemes such as single-board filtering, structural shielding and cable grounding to the radiation disturbance suppression, provides a whole set of electromagnetic radiation disturbance problem positioning and rectification method, effectively improves the positioning accuracy and rectification efficiency, and reduces the authentication and test cost.

As shown in fig. 2 to 5, the present invention further provides a target object electromagnetic radiation disturbance testing system, which includes:

the first test module M10 is used for carrying out an electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object;

the management module M20 is used for testing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test parameters of the target object according to a preset test sequence when the target object does not pass the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test, and making an adjustment and modification strategy according to the test result;

and the second test module M30 is configured to adjust the target object according to the adjustment countermeasures, and perform the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object again after the adjustment until the target object passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test.

Aiming at the problems of inaccurate electromagnetic radiation disturbance positioning, low solution efficiency, no mass production of rectification countermeasures and the like of the conventional electronic equipment, the system integrates systems of near-field measurement, magnetic ring addition, filter circuit addition and the like through analyzing disturbance waveforms and equipment structures, designs a whole set of electromagnetic radiation disturbance positioning and rectification system, and provides different flow-based solution ideas of electromagnetic radiation disturbance problems; therefore, the problems that the radiation disturbance positioning is inaccurate, the rectification efficiency is low, the rectification strategy cannot be produced in mass production and the like in the traditional system are solved, and the corresponding positioning and rectification thought can be conveniently found according to different waveforms and different structures during rectification. And the system abandons high-cost rectification strategies such as cable sleeve magnetic rings, complete machine complete shielding and the like, provides rectification strategies which are convenient for leading in mass production and have lower cost, and better promotes the electromagnetic compatibility of electronic equipment. Moreover, when the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the electronic equipment fails, the positioning rectification is needed; according to the scheme recorded in the system, a tester can quickly position different electromagnetic radiation disturbance problems and clearly modify the thought, so that the electronic equipment to be tested can quickly pass the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test to complete the electromagnetic compatibility authentication.

According to the above description, in an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the management module M20 includes an electromagnetic radiation standard exceeding frequency point frequency unit D10, a signal cable unit D20, an electromagnetic radiation standard exceeding frequency point unit D30, a power line unit D40, and a shielding structure unit D50.

And performing an electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the electronic equipment according to the electromagnetic compatibility radiation disturbance test standard, and entering an electromagnetic radiation standard exceeding frequency point frequency unit D10 if the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test fails. The electromagnetic radiation frequency point frequency unit D10 is used for analyzing the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation frequency point, dividing the electromagnetic disturbance into regular disturbance and irregular disturbance of the frequency point, and making corresponding adjustment and modification strategies. Specifically, through analysis of frequencies of frequency points with radiation disturbance exceeding the standard, whether a certain frequency doubling relationship exists between the frequency points with the exceeding the standard is judged, and then the frequency points with the exceeding the standard are considered to be regular points, and if the frequencies of the frequency points with the exceeding the standard are 375MHz, 625MHz and 750MHz which are respectively 3 frequency doubling, 5 frequency doubling and 6 frequency doubling of 125MHz of the gigabit network clock, the frequency points with the exceeding the standard corresponding to 375MHz, 625MHz and 750MHz are considered to be regular points. If the frequency points are regular, the emission source is judged according to the fundamental frequency of each signal of the mainboard, the radiation disturbance test is carried out after the emission source is subjected to the filter design, if the test fails, the filter design is carried out again until the radiation disturbance test is passed, and the rectification is completed. And enters the signal cable unit D20 if the frequency is irregular.

The signal cable unit D20 is used to analyze the signal cable, divide the target object into a target object with an external signal cable and a target object without an external signal cable, and make a corresponding correction measure. Specifically, if the frequency point is irregular, whether the electronic device has an external signal cable needs to be checked; if the electronic equipment is provided with an external signal cable, the signal cable is pulled out, and if the test is passed after the signal cable is pulled out, the electromagnetic disturbance performance of the cable is analyzed in terms of whether the cable is shielded or not, whether the shielding is grounded or not, whether the differential signal wire is twisted or not and the like, for example, the cable is provided with a shielding layer with good grounding, the differential signal cable is twisted, and the twisted-pair density is higher, so that the electromagnetic disturbance performance of the cable is considered to be better. And if the electromagnetic disturbance performance of the cable is not good, performing measures such as cable shielding, cable shielding layer grounding, differential signal wire twinning and the like, and then performing a radiation disturbance test, and if the test fails, performing filter design again until the radiation disturbance test passes, and finishing rectification. And if the electromagnetic disturbance performance of the cable is good, a radiation disturbance test is carried out after a filter design is added at the port of the cable, and if the test fails, the filter design is carried out again until the radiation disturbance test passes, so that the rectification is completed. If the electronic equipment has no external signal cable or the test fails after the external signal cable is pulled out, the electronic equipment enters an electromagnetic radiation standard exceeding frequency point unit D30.

The electromagnetic radiation frequency point exceeding unit D30 is used for analyzing electromagnetic radiation frequency points exceeding the standard, dividing the electromagnetic radiation frequency points exceeding the standard of the target object into low-frequency including and high-frequency single points, and making corresponding correction strategies. Specifically, if the electronic device has no external signal cable or the test fails after the external signal cable is unplugged, the frequency points exceeding the standard need to be analyzed to see whether the frequency points exceeding the standard are low-frequency envelopes or high-frequency single points. If the single-point radio frequency spectrum is a high-frequency single-point radio frequency spectrum, the single-point radio frequency spectrum is proved to be the reason of the single board of the electronic equipment, a frequency spectrograph is needed to be matched with a near-field probe to carry out near-field measurement positioning, the radiation disturbance energy of the single board is higher, a radiation disturbance test is carried out after a filter design is added, if the test fails, the filter design is carried out again until the radiation disturbance test passes, and the rectification is completed. If the superscalar frequency point is the low frequency envelope, the power line unit D40 is entered.

The power line unit D40 is used to analyze the power line, divide the target object into a target object with a power line and a target object without a power line, and make a corresponding correction measure. Specifically, if the frequency point exceeding the standard is low-frequency envelope, whether an external power line exists in the electronic equipment needs to be judged, if the external power line exists, a magnetic ring is added on a power supply to see whether electromagnetic disturbance is reduced, if the electromagnetic disturbance is reduced, the disturbance is proved to be brought out from a power supply port, a radiation disturbance test is carried out after the power supply port is subjected to a filtering design, and if the test fails, the filtering design is carried out again until the radiation disturbance test passes, and the rectification is completed. If the electronic equipment has no external power line or the electromagnetic disturbance of the power line plus magnetic ring is not reduced, the electronic equipment enters the shielding structure unit D50.

The shielding structure unit D50 is used to analyze the shielding structure and make a corresponding correction strategy according to the shielding structure. Specifically, if the electronic device has no external power line or the electromagnetic disturbance of the power line plus magnetic ring is not reduced, the radiation disturbance test needs to be carried out after the chassis is shielded, and if the test fails, the shielding design is carried out again until the radiation disturbance test passes, so that the rectification and the improvement are completed.

In conclusion, the system performs the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object; if the target object does not pass the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test, testing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test parameters of the target object according to a preset test sequence, and making an adjustment strategy according to a test result; and adjusting the target object according to the adjustment countermeasures, and performing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object again after the adjustment until the target object passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test. The target object in the invention comprises electronic equipment. Aiming at the problems of inaccurate electromagnetic radiation disturbance positioning, low solution efficiency, no mass production of rectification countermeasures and the like of the conventional electronic equipment, a whole set of electromagnetic radiation disturbance positioning and rectification system is designed by analyzing disturbance waveforms and equipment structures and integrating systems of near-field measurement, magnetic ring addition, filter circuit addition and the like, so that different flow-based solution ideas of electromagnetic radiation disturbance problems are provided; therefore, the problems that the radiation disturbance positioning is inaccurate, the rectification efficiency is low, the rectification strategy cannot be produced in mass production and the like in the traditional system are solved, and the corresponding positioning and rectification thought can be conveniently found according to different waveforms and different structures during rectification. In addition, the invention abandons the high-cost rectification and modification strategies such as sleeving a magnetic ring on a cable, completely shielding the whole machine and the like, provides the rectification and modification strategies which are convenient to lead in mass production and have lower cost, and better improves the electromagnetic compatibility of the electronic equipment. The system breaks through the disorder of the existing radiation disturbance problem positioning rectification mode, the source of the radiation disturbance problem is positioned through analyzing disturbance waveforms, equipment structures, equipment cables and near field measurement data, design schemes such as single-board filtering, structural shielding and cable grounding are applied to radiation disturbance suppression, a whole set of electromagnetic radiation disturbance problem positioning and rectification system is provided, the positioning accuracy and rectification efficiency are effectively improved, and meanwhile authentication and testing expenses are reduced.

The embodiment of the application also provides a target object electromagnetic radiation disturbance test device, which comprises:

carrying out electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on a target object;

In this embodiment, the above system or method is executed by the electromagnetic radiation disturbance testing device to test terminal devices such as electronic products, and specific functions and technical effects are as described in the above embodiments, and are not described herein again.

An embodiment of the present application further provides an apparatus, which may include: one or more processors; and one or more machine readable media having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of fig. 1. In practical applications, the device may be used as a terminal device, and may also be used as a server, where examples of the terminal device may include: the mobile terminal includes a smart phone, a tablet computer, an electronic book reader, an MP3 (Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer III) player, an MP4 (Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer IV) player, a laptop, a vehicle-mounted computer, a desktop computer, a set-top box, an intelligent television, a wearable device, and the like.

Embodiments of the present application also provide a non-transitory readable storage medium, where one or more modules (programs) are stored in the storage medium, and when the one or more modules are applied to a device, the device may execute instructions (instructions) included in the method in fig. 1 according to the embodiments of the present application.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown, the terminal device may include: an input device 1100, a first processor 1101, an output device 1102, a first memory 1103, and at least one communication bus 1104. The communication bus 1104 is used to implement communication connections between the elements. The first memory 1103 may include a high-speed RAM memory, and may also include a non-volatile storage NVM, such as at least one disk memory, and the first memory 1103 may store various programs for performing various processing functions and implementing the method steps of the present embodiment.

Alternatively, the first processor 1101 may be, for example, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Digital Signal Processing Device (DSPD), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or other electronic components, and the first processor 1101 is coupled to the input device 1100 and the output device 1102 through a wired or wireless connection.

Optionally, the input device 1100 may include a variety of input devices, such as at least one of a user-oriented user interface, a device-oriented device interface, a software programmable interface, a camera, and a sensor. Optionally, the device interface facing the device may be a wired interface for data transmission between devices, or may be a hardware plug-in interface (e.g., a USB interface, a serial port, etc.) for data transmission between devices; optionally, the user-facing user interface may be, for example, a user-facing control key, a voice input device for receiving voice input, and a touch sensing device (e.g., a touch screen with a touch sensing function, a touch pad, etc.) for receiving user touch input; optionally, the programmable interface of the software may be, for example, an entry for a user to edit or modify a program, such as an input pin interface or an input interface of a chip; the output devices 1102 may include output devices such as a display, audio, and the like.

In this embodiment, the processor of the terminal device includes a function for executing each module of the speech recognition apparatus in each device, and specific functions and technical effects may refer to the above embodiments, which are not described herein again.

Fig. 7 is a schematic hardware structure diagram of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 7 is a specific embodiment of the implementation of FIG. 6. As shown, the terminal device of the present embodiment may include a second processor 1201 and a second memory 1202.

The second processor 1201 executes the computer program code stored in the second memory 1202 to implement the method described in fig. 1 in the above embodiment.

The second memory 1202 is configured to store various types of data to support operations at the terminal device. Examples of such data include instructions for any application or method operating on the terminal device, such as messages, pictures, videos, and so forth. The second memory 1202 may include a Random Access Memory (RAM) and may also include a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory.

Optionally, a second processor 1201 is provided in the processing assembly 1200. The terminal device may further include: communication component 1203, power component 1204, multimedia component 1205, speech component 1206, input/output interfaces 1207, and/or sensor component 1208. The specific components included in the terminal device are set according to actual requirements, which is not limited in this embodiment.

The processing component 1200 generally controls the overall operation of the terminal device. The processing assembly 1200 may include one or more second processors 1201 to execute instructions to perform all or part of the steps of the data processing method described above. Further, the processing component 1200 can include one or more modules that facilitate interaction between the processing component 1200 and other components. For example, the processing component 1200 can include a multimedia module to facilitate interaction between the multimedia component 1205 and the processing component 1200.

The power supply component 1204 provides power to the various components of the terminal device. The power supply components 1204 may include a power supply test system, one or more power supplies, and other components associated with generating, testing, and distributing power for the terminal device.

The multimedia components 1205 include a display screen that provides an output interface between the terminal device and the user. In some embodiments, the display screen may include a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and a Touch Panel (TP). If the display screen includes a touch panel, the display screen may be implemented as a touch screen to receive an input signal from a user. The touch panel includes one or more touch sensors to sense touch, slide, and gestures on the touch panel. The touch sensor may not only sense the boundary of a touch or slide action, but also detect the duration and pressure associated with the touch or slide operation.

The voice component 1206 is configured to output and/or input voice signals. For example, the voice component 1206 includes a Microphone (MIC) configured to receive external voice signals when the terminal device is in an operational mode, such as a voice recognition mode. The received speech signal may further be stored in the second memory 1202 or transmitted via the communication component 1203. In some embodiments, the speech component 1206 further comprises a speaker for outputting speech signals.

The input/output interface 1207 provides an interface between the processing component 1200 and peripheral interface modules, which may be click wheels, buttons, etc. These buttons may include, but are not limited to: a volume button, a start button, and a lock button.

The sensor component 1208 includes one or more sensors for providing various aspects of status assessment for the terminal device. For example, the sensor component 1208 may detect an open/closed state of the terminal device, relative positioning of the components, presence or absence of user contact with the terminal device. The sensor assembly 1208 may include a proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact, including detecting the distance between the user and the terminal device. In some embodiments, the sensor assembly 1208 may also include a camera or the like.

The communication component 1203 is configured to facilitate communications between the terminal device and other devices in a wired or wireless manner. The terminal device may access a wireless network based on a communication standard, such as WiFi, 2G or 3G, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the terminal device may include a SIM card slot therein for inserting a SIM card therein, so that the terminal device may log onto a GPRS network to establish communication with the server via the internet.

As can be seen from the above, the communication component 1203, the voice component 1206, the input/output interface 1207 and the sensor component 1208 involved in the embodiment of fig. 7 can be implemented as the input device in the embodiment of fig. 6.

The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A target object electromagnetic radiation disturbance testing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

carrying out electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on a target object;

2. The target object electromagnetic radiation disturbance testing method according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic radiation disturbance testing parameters of the target object include at least one of: frequency of electromagnetic radiation exceeding frequency points, signal cables, electromagnetic radiation exceeding frequency points, power lines and shielding structures.

3. The method for testing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance of the target object according to claim 2, further comprising determining the preset test sequence according to the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test parameters of the target object;

4. The method for testing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance of the target object according to claim 3, wherein if the target object does not pass the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test, the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation frequency points exceeding the standard in the target object is tested, and whether a frequency doubling relationship exists among the electromagnetic radiation frequency points exceeding the standard in the target object is determined;

5. The method for testing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance of the target object according to claim 4, wherein regular disturbance of frequency points is obtained, and a transmission source is determined according to the signal fundamental frequency of the target object;

6. The method for testing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance of the target object according to claim 4, wherein irregular disturbance of frequency points is obtained, and whether the target object is provided with an external signal cable or not is determined;

7. The method for testing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance of the target object according to claim 6, wherein if the electromagnetic disturbance performance of the signal cable is good, the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test is performed again after a filter design is added at a port of the signal cable; if the test fails, carrying out filter design again, and continuing to carry out the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object until the target object passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test;

8. The method for testing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance of the target object according to claim 6, wherein if the target object has no external signal cable, or the target object still fails the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test after the signal cable of the target object is unplugged; analyzing the electromagnetic radiation exceeding frequency point to determine whether the electromagnetic radiation exceeding frequency point is a low-frequency envelope or a high-frequency single point;

9. The method for testing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance of the target object according to claim 8, wherein if the frequency point with the electromagnetic radiation exceeding the standard is a high-frequency single point, a spectrometer is used for matching with a near-field probe to perform near-field measurement positioning, and after a filter design is added, the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test is continuously performed on the target object; and if the test fails, performing the filter design again, and continuing to perform the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object until the target object passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test.

10. The method for testing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance of the target object according to claim 8, wherein if the frequency point with the electromagnetic radiation exceeding the standard is a low-frequency envelope, whether an external power line exists in the target object is determined;

11. The method for testing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance of the target object according to claim 10, wherein if no external power line exists in the target object, or the electromagnetic radiation disturbance is not reduced; and performing an electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the shielding structure of the target object, performing a shielding design again after the test fails, and continuing to perform the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on the target object until the target object passes the electromagnetic radiation disturbance test.

12. A target object electromagnetic radiation disturbance test system is characterized by comprising:

13. The target object electromagnetic radiation disturbance test system of claim 12, wherein the target object electromagnetic radiation disturbance test parameters include at least one of: frequency of electromagnetic radiation exceeding frequency points, signal cables, electromagnetic radiation exceeding frequency points, power lines and shielding structures.

14. The target object electromagnetic radiation disturbance testing system according to claim 13, further comprising determining the preset testing sequence according to electromagnetic radiation disturbance testing parameters of the target object;

15. The system for testing the electromagnetic radiation disturbance of the target object according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the management module comprises an electromagnetic radiation frequency point exceeding unit, a signal cable unit, an electromagnetic radiation frequency point exceeding unit, a power line unit and a shielding structure unit;

16. A target object electromagnetic radiation disturbance test device is characterized by comprising:

carrying out electromagnetic radiation disturbance test on a target object;

17. An apparatus, comprising:

one or more processors; and

one or more machine-readable media having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any of claims 1-11.

18. One or more machine-readable media having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by one or more processors, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any of claims 1-11.