CN112083210A - Analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/146—Measuring arrangements for current not covered by other subgroups of G01R15/14, e.g. using current dividers, shunts, or measuring a voltage drop
Abstract
The invention provides an analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current and a measuring method thereof, wherein the analog standard shunt comprises a transformer connected with an inductive voltage divider; the primary current input winding and the secondary current output winding are connected with a current input end of the alternating current standard resistor; the secondary compensation winding is connected with the current input end of the alternating current compensation resistor; the low end of the potential of the alternating current standard resistor is in short circuit with the low end of the potential of the alternating current compensation resistor; the low end of a voltage output winding in the inductive voltage divider is connected with the high potential end of the alternating current standard resistor, and the other end of the voltage output winding is connected with the high potential end of the alternating current compensation resistor; one end of the voltage input winding is connected with the current input end of the alternating current standard resistor, and the other end of the voltage input winding is connected with the high end of the potential of the alternating current compensation resistor through the voltage follower. The analog standard shunt current divider provided by the invention has the advantages of high measurement accuracy, wide measurement range, no influence of power when measuring large current, and capability of isolating a secondary instrument from primary large current.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of precise electromagnetic measurement, in particular to an analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current and a measuring method thereof.
Background
An ac shunt is a resistance measuring device for measuring ac current, and generally consists of a resistance element and copper terminals at both ends of the resistance element. The ac current divider is generally designed as a four-terminal structure, the current to be measured flows in from the copper terminal, and the voltage across the resistive element of the current divider is output from a specific potential terminal. However, in actual work, there are the following problems:
because the alternating current shunt is composed of the resistance element, the power of the alternating current shunt is in direct proportion to the resistance value, the shunt is heated due to the high power, the resistance element has a certain temperature coefficient, and the resistance value of the resistance element is changed after the temperature is changed. Therefore, the ac shunt is usually designed by using a low-value resistance element in the order of m Ω or even μ Ω to reduce its measurement power, and some shunts are also structurally designed to allow for some measure of heat dissipation or to add a heat sink. However, since the power is proportional to the square of the current, when measuring a large current, the power of the shunt will increase significantly, and the heat dissipation measure cannot solve the problem that the resistance of the shunt changes with the temperature change, resulting in the decrease of the measurement accuracy.
Along with the improvement of frequency, the influence of the residual inductance and the distributed capacitance of the alternating current shunt is gradually increased, and when the resistance value is lower, the influence of the residual inductance is more obvious, so that the time constant of the shunt is increased, and a larger phase difference is brought to the current. Therefore, when the ac shunt is manufactured, the influence of the distribution parameters needs to be reduced, such as the adoption of a coaxial structure or the addition of shielding protection. The processing of the high-accuracy low-value resistor and the structural design of the alternating current shunt have certain difficulties.
The conventional alternating current shunt adopting the physical resistor element has lower resistance value and larger resistance value deviation of the resistor element, namely the accuracy of the shunt is lower, the influence of the measuring power is larger, and the error is increased when the large current is measured. The squirrel-cage coaxial alternating current shunt based on series-parallel connection of the resistance elements is limited by measurement power, generally can only measure alternating current below 100A, and when measuring higher current, larger measurement error can be caused due to heating of the elements.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current and a measuring method thereof, which are used for solving the problem that the accuracy of the shunt cannot be improved in the prior art.
According to a first aspect, there is provided in one embodiment an analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current, comprising: the device comprises a current transformer, an inductive voltage divider, an alternating current standard resistor, an alternating current compensation resistor, a transformer and a voltage follower;
the transformer is connected with the inductive voltage divider;
the current transformer comprises a primary current input winding, a secondary current output winding, a secondary compensation winding, an alternating current standard resistor and an alternating current compensation resistor;
the primary current input winding is connected with a current to be measured, and the secondary current output winding is connected with a current input end of the alternating current standard resistor; the secondary compensation winding is connected with the current input end of the alternating current compensation resistor; the low potential end of the alternating current standard resistor is in short circuit with the low potential end of the alternating current compensation resistor;
the induction voltage divider comprises a voltage input winding and a voltage output winding, and an output tap is led out of the voltage output winding;
the low end of the voltage output winding is connected with the high end of the potential of the alternating current standard resistor, and the other end of the voltage output winding is connected with the high end of the potential of the alternating current compensation resistor;
one end of the voltage input winding is connected with the current input end of the alternating current standard resistor, and the other end of the voltage input winding is connected with the high potential end of the alternating current compensation resistor through the voltage follower.
Furthermore, a plurality of input taps are led out from the primary current input winding, a plurality of output taps are led out from the voltage output winding, and the input taps of the primary current input winding and the output taps of the voltage output winding are synchronously switched.
Further, the nominal value of the alternating current compensation resistor is the same as the resistance value of the alternating current standard resistor.
Further, the number of turns of the secondary current output winding is the same as that of the secondary compensation winding.
Furthermore, the alternating current standard resistor and the alternating current compensation resistor both adopt a four-terminal structure.
Further, the alternating current standard resistor is connected with the secondary side of the current transformer.
Furthermore, the current transformer is at least one of a single-stage current transformer, a double-stage current transformer and an electronic current transformer.
The transformer comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding, the primary winding is connected with the single-turn output winding of the induction voltage divider, and the secondary winding is connected with the voltage output winding of the induction voltage divider in series.
According to a second aspect, an embodiment provides a measurement method using the above analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current, the measurement method comprising:
s1: acquiring the number of turns of a primary current input winding, the input current of the primary current input winding, the number of turns of a secondary current output winding and the resistance value of an alternating current standard resistor of the current transformer; acquiring the number of turns of a voltage input winding of the induction voltage divider, and the number of turns of a voltage output winding of an output tap and the voltage proportion of the transformer;
s2: calculating and obtaining a relation between the output voltage U and the input current I of the primary current input winding to be measured by using a formula (1),
wherein N is1For primary current input winding turns, N2For secondary current output winding turns, RNIs the resistance value of an AC standard resistor, N3For the voltage input winding turns of the inductive voltage divider, N4Number of turns of output tap for voltage output winding, K1Is the voltage ratio of the transformer;
s3: calculating and obtaining the resistance R of the analog standard shunt by using the formula (2)sAnd calculating to obtain the input current I of the primary current input winding,
wherein R isSTo simulate a standard shunt resistance.
The application has the advantages that
(1) The standard shunt for measuring the broadband current is realized by utilizing the current transformer, the inductive voltage divider and the alternating current standard resistor, has the advantages of wide range of measurement, high accuracy of resistance value, no influence of measured power, good stability and the like, can meet the use requirement of actual measurement, and can be used as a standard measuring tool in a detection laboratory.
(2) Because the double-stage current transformer and the inductive voltage divider are utilized, the measurement accuracy is high, the measurement range is wide, the secondary instrument is not influenced by power when measuring large current, and the secondary instrument can be isolated from the primary large current.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a detailed block diagram of an analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of an analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a measurement of a simulated standard shunt according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an exemplary diagram of an analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solution, the technical solution will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present embodiment provides an analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current, comprising: the current transformer 100, the inductive voltage divider 200, the ac standard resistor 300, the ac compensation resistor 400, the transformer 500 and the voltage follower 600.
The transformer 500 is connected to the inductive voltage divider 200, and the transformer 500 is used for compensating the output voltage of the inductive voltage divider 200, so as to improve the accuracy of simulating a standard shunt.
The current transformer 100 includes a primary current input winding 110, a secondary current output winding 120, and a secondary compensation winding 130. In this embodiment, the primary current input winding 110 and the secondary current output winding 120 are isolated from each other, and the analog standard shunt of this embodiment can isolate the secondary instrument from the primary large current, thereby improving the safety.
The primary current input winding 110 is connected with a current to be measured, and the secondary current output winding 120 is connected with a current input end of the alternating current standard resistor 300; the secondary compensation winding 130 is connected with the current input end of the alternating current compensation resistor 400; the low potential end of the AC standard resistor 300 is in short connection with the low potential end of the AC compensation resistor 400, so that primary large current is effectively isolated from a secondary instrument, and safety is improved.
The nominal value of the ac compensation resistor 400 in this embodiment is the same as the resistance of the ac standard resistor 300. The number of turns of the secondary current output winding 120 is the same as the number of turns of the secondary compensation winding 130. The ac standard resistor 300 and the ac compensation resistor 400 both adopt four-terminal structures. In this embodiment, the current transformer 100 at least adopts one of a single-stage current transformer, a double-stage current transformer and an electronic current transformer, in this example, the current transformer 100 adopts a double-stage current transformer, and the accuracy of the ratio of the double-stage current transformer to the inductive voltage divider is high, so that the analog standard shunt also has high accuracy, and when measuring a large current, the accuracy is not reduced due to the heating of the resistor. In fig. 3, CT is a two-stage current transformer.
The inductive voltage divider 200 comprises a voltage input winding 210 and a voltage output winding 220, wherein an output tap 222 is led out of the voltage output winding 220; the low end of the voltage output winding 220 is connected to the high potential end of the ac standard resistor 300, the low end may be the 0 end, and the other end of the voltage output winding 220 is the high potential end of the voltage output winding 220, which is connected to the high potential end of the ac compensation resistor 400. One end of the voltage input winding 210 is connected to the current input end of the ac standard resistor 300, and the other end is connected to the high potential end of the ac compensation resistor through the voltage follower 600. In this embodiment, the ac standard resistor 300 is connected to the secondary side of the current transformer 100, so that the power requirement is low and the accuracy is high.
The transformer 500 includes a primary winding 510 and a secondary winding 520, the primary winding 510 being connected to the single turn output winding of the inductive voltage divider 200, the secondary winding 520 being connected in series with the voltage output winding 220 of the inductive voltage divider 200.
In this embodiment, the primary current input winding 110 has a plurality of input taps, the voltage output winding 220 has a plurality of output taps, and the input taps of the primary current input winding and the output taps of the voltage output winding are synchronously switched. Further, the analog standard shunt of the present embodiment is further provided with switches, and the switches are respectively connected to the primary current input winding 110 and the voltage output winding 220; an input tap of the primary current input winding and an output tap of the voltage output winding are synchronously switched by a switch.
Example two
Referring to fig. 3-4, the present embodiment provides a measurement method using an analog standard shunt for measuring a broadband current based on an analog standard shunt for measuring a broadband current provided by the first embodiment.
Referring to fig. 3, an analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current, comprising: the current transformer 100, the inductive voltage divider 200, the AC standard resistor 300, the AC compensation resistor 400, the transformer 500 and the voltage follower 600.
The current transformer 100 includes a primary current input winding 110, a secondary current output winding 120, and a secondary compensation winding 130. The inductive voltage divider 200 includes a voltage input winding 210, a voltage output winding 220.
The number of turns of the primary current input winding 110 is N1The number of turns of the secondary current output winding 120 is N2The resistance of the AC standard resistor 300 is RNThe number of turns of the secondary compensation winding 130 is N2The resistance value of the AC compensation resistor 40 is RB. The voltage ratio of the transformer 500 is k1。
The measurement method provided by the embodiment by utilizing the analog standard shunt for measuring the broadband current comprises the following steps.
Step S1: acquiring the number of turns of a primary current input winding 110, the input current of the primary current input winding 110, the number of turns of a secondary current output winding 120 and the resistance value of an alternating current standard resistor 300 of the current transformer 100; the number of turns of the voltage input winding 210 of the inductive voltage divider 200 is obtained, the number of turns of the voltage output winding of the outgoing tap is led out, and the voltage proportion of the transformer 500 is obtained.
Step S2: calculating and obtaining a relational expression of the output voltage U and the input current I of the primary current input winding to be measured by using a formula (1),
wherein U is the output voltage, N1For the number of turns of the primary current input winding, I is the input current of the primary current input winding to be measured, N2For secondary current output winding turns, RNIs the resistance value of an AC standard resistor, N3For the voltage input winding turns of the inductive voltage divider, N4Number of turns of output tap for voltage output winding, K1Is the voltage ratio of the transformer. In step S2, a relational expression U, I is calculated and acquired.
S3: calculating and obtaining the resistance R of the analog standard shunt by using the formula (2)s。
Step S3: inputting the U, I relational expression obtained in the formula (1) into the formula (2), and calculating and obtaining the resistance R of the analog standard shuntsCalculating and obtaining the input current I of the primary current input winding;
wherein R isSTo simulate a standard shunt resistance.
EXAMPLE III
Referring to fig. 3-5, each number in fig. 5 represents the number of winding turns, and the embodiment describes the technical solution in the embodiment by specific data.
Assume that the current transformer 100 secondary current output winding 120 turns for a total of 1000 turns and the inductive divider voltage input winding 210 turns for a total of 1000 turns. Resistance R of AC standard resistor 300NAnd the resistance R of the AC compensation resistor 400BAre all 1 omega. The primary current input winding 110 of the current transformer 100 and the voltage output winding 220 of the inductive voltage divider 200 in this embodiment are multi-tapped and can be switched synchronously by using the switch S. According to different switching positions of the switch S, the number of turns of the primary current input winding 110 of the current transformer 100 and the number of turns of the output tap of the voltage output winding 220 of the inductive voltage divider 200 can be directly obtained, and the voltage proportion of the transformer can be obtained according to the corresponding output tap of the voltage output winding of the inductive voltage divider, so that the resistance value of the analog standard shunt can be obtained according to the formulas (1) and (2).
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 5, it is further assumed that the positions of the switches S include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, the switch S1 indicates that the number of turns of the output tap of the primary current input winding is 1000, the output tap of the voltage output winding of the inductive voltage divider is 1000, and the resistance of the analog standard shunt is 1 Ω by inputting the formula (2), the switch S2 indicates that the number of turns of the output tap of the primary current input winding is 333, and the output tap of the voltage output winding of the inductive voltage divider is 300; the voltage proportion of the transformer is 30:100, and the resistance of the analog standard shunt is 100m omega by inputting the formula (2); by analogy, the resistance of the analog standard shunt is 10m omega at the position of the switch S3; at the position of the switch S4, the resistance of the analog standard shunt is 1m omega; at the position of the switch S5, the resistance of the analog standard shunt is 100 mu omega; at the position of switch S6, the resistance of the analog standard shunt was found to be 10 μ Ω.
The relationship of the simulated standard shunt resistance to switch position is shown in table (1) below.
| Switch S position | N1Number of turns | N4Number of turns | k1Ratio of | Output voltage | Analog |
| 1 | 1000 | 1000 | / | U1 | 1Ω |
| 2 | 333 | 300 | 30:100 | U2 | 100mΩ |
| 3 | 100 | 100 | / | U3 | 10mΩ |
| 4 | 32 | 31 | 25:100 | U4 | 1mΩ |
| 5 | 10 | 10 | / | U5 | 100μΩ |
| 6 | 3 | 3 | 33:100 | U6 | 10μΩ |
Watch (1)
The present invention has been described in terms of specific examples, which are provided to aid understanding of the invention and are not intended to be limiting. For a person skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions, modifications or substitutions may be made according to the idea of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. An analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current is characterized by comprising a current transformer, an inductive voltage divider, an alternating current standard resistor, an alternating current compensation resistor, a transformer and a voltage follower;
the transformer is connected with the inductive voltage divider;
the current transformer comprises a primary current input winding, a secondary current output winding and a secondary compensation winding;
the primary current input winding is connected with a current to be measured, and the secondary current output winding is connected with a current input end of the alternating current standard resistor; the secondary compensation winding is connected with a current input end of the alternating current compensation resistor; the low potential end of the alternating current standard resistor is in short circuit with the low potential end of the alternating current compensation resistor;
the induction voltage divider comprises a voltage input winding and a voltage output winding; an output tap is led out of the voltage output winding;
the low end of the voltage output winding is connected with the high end of the potential of the alternating current standard resistor, and the other end of the voltage output winding is connected with the high end of the potential of the alternating current compensation resistor;
one end of the voltage input winding is connected with the current input end of the alternating current standard resistor, and the other end of the voltage input winding is connected with the high potential end of the alternating current compensation resistor through the voltage follower.
2. The analog standard shunt for measuring broadband currents according to claim 1, wherein said primary current input winding draws a plurality of input taps and said voltage output winding draws a plurality of output taps, the input taps of said primary current input winding and the output taps of said voltage output winding being synchronously switched.
3. The analog standard shunt for measuring broadband currents according to claim 1, wherein a nominal value of the ac compensation resistor is the same as a resistance value of the ac standard resistor.
4. A shunt according to claim 3, wherein the number of secondary current output winding turns is the same as the number of secondary compensation winding turns.
5. The analog standard shunt for measuring broadband currents according to claim 4, wherein the AC standard resistor and the AC compensation resistor are of a four-terminal structure.
6. The analog standard shunt for measuring broadband currents according to claim 5, wherein said AC standard resistor is connected to a secondary side of said current transformer.
7. The analog standard shunt for measuring broadband currents according to claim 1, wherein the current transformer is at least one of a single-stage current transformer, a double-stage current transformer, and an electronic current transformer.
8. The analog standard shunt for measuring broadband currents according to claim 1, wherein said transformer includes a primary winding and a secondary winding, said primary winding connecting a single turn output winding of said inductive voltage divider, said secondary winding being connected in series with said voltage output winding of said inductive voltage divider.
9. A measurement method using the analog standard shunt for measuring broadband current according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the measurement method comprises:
s1: acquiring the number of turns of a primary current input winding, the input current of the primary current input winding, the number of turns of a secondary current output winding and the resistance value of an alternating current standard resistor of the current transformer; acquiring the number of turns of a voltage input winding of the induction voltage divider, and the number of turns of a voltage output winding of an output tap and the voltage proportion of the transformer;
s2: obtaining a relation between the output voltage U and the input current I of the primary current input winding to be measured by using a formula (1),
wherein N is1For primary current input winding turns, N2For secondary current output winding turns, RNIs the resistance value of an AC standard resistor, N3For the voltage input winding turns of the inductive voltage divider, N4For drawing out output of voltage output windingNumber of turns of head, K1Is the voltage ratio of the transformer;
s3: calculating and obtaining the resistance R of the analog standard shunt by using the formula (2)sAnd calculating to obtain the input current I of the primary current input winding,
wherein R isSTo simulate a standard shunt resistance.
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| CN113341193A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-09-03 | 上海市计量测试技术研究院 | Broadband alternating current shunt balanced type bridge measuring device and measuring method |
| CN113985176A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-28 | 上海市计量测试技术研究院 | Device for synchronously sampling and calibrating broadband alternating current shunt |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113341193A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-09-03 | 上海市计量测试技术研究院 | Broadband alternating current shunt balanced type bridge measuring device and measuring method |
| CN113341193B (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2023-05-30 | 上海市计量测试技术研究院 | Balanced bridge measuring device and measuring method for broadband alternating current shunt |
| CN113985176A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-28 | 上海市计量测试技术研究院 | Device for synchronously sampling and calibrating broadband alternating current shunt |
| CN113985176B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2023-09-12 | 上海市计量测试技术研究院 | Device for synchronously sampling and calibrating broadband alternating current shunt |
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