CN112082445B - Detection method and detection device for attenuation change of spiral trajectory of steering screw - Google Patents
Detection method and detection device for attenuation change of spiral trajectory of steering screw Download PDFInfo
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- CN112082445B CN112082445B CN202010971021.3A CN202010971021A CN112082445B CN 112082445 B CN112082445 B CN 112082445B CN 202010971021 A CN202010971021 A CN 202010971021A CN 112082445 B CN112082445 B CN 112082445B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/004—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/0025—Measuring of vehicle parts
Abstract
The invention relates to a detection method and a detection device, in particular to a detection method and a detection device for attenuation change of a spiral trajectory of a steering screw. The detection method comprises the following steps: cleaning and fixing the workpiece, scanning the workpiece to establish a three-coordinate system, establishing a projection coordinate system, setting a calculation rule and an evaluation standard line, and detecting and evaluating the spiral trajectory. The detection method and the detection device can accurately control the movement of the three-coordinate probe, thereby effectively improving the detection precision; the distance from the origin of the three-coordinate system to the spiral trajectory of the steering screw can be effectively reduced, and the three-coordinate system is corrected again after being initially built, so that the detection precision of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw is improved; the method can intuitively reflect the curve of the spiral trajectory attenuation change changing along with the change of the spiral trajectory angle, and intuitively evaluate whether the attenuation change trend is qualified or not, thereby solving the problems that the detection precision of the spiral trajectory attenuation change of the workpiece is low and difficult to evaluate in the existing detection method, and the detection precision of the existing detection device is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a detection method and a detection device, in particular to a detection method and a detection device for attenuation change of a spiral trajectory of a steering screw.
Background
The steering gear is an important part in an automobile running system, and a workpiece serving as a core transmission part of the steering gear can directly influence the hand feeling and the control safety of a driver for controlling a steering wheel; the steering screw comprises a screw body and an assembly head, a spiral trajectory is spirally arranged on the circumference of the screw body, and the assembly head is arranged at the end of the screw body above the spiral trajectory; the assembly head is in a reducing cylinder shape, an assembly notch is formed in the end face of the top of the assembly head, a middle circumferential surface is arranged on the assembly head below the assembly notch, and an upper circumferential surface is arranged on the assembly head between the middle circumferential surface and the assembly notch; the assembly head below the middle circumferential surface is provided with a lower circumferential surface, and an assembly ring groove is arranged between the lower circumferential surface and the middle circumferential surface. The steering screw rod is made of the following materials: the G20CrNi2MoA needs to be subjected to a heat treatment carburization process to enable the surface hardness to reach 58-63HRC, the workpiece needs to be subjected to finish machining after heat treatment so as to be matched with a plurality of high-precision parts for assembly, wherein the spiral trajectory of the workpiece is used as a core torque output part of the whole steering gear, and the machining precision and the detection precision are particularly important.
At present, the attenuation change trend of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw is mainly detected by a three-coordinate detection machine, the existing three-coordinate detection machine takes air source pressure as driving power to drive a probe to move, the displacement distance and the displacement speed of the probe cannot be accurately controlled due to air source pressure fluctuation in the moving process of the probe, the three-coordinate system of the steering screw (workpiece) is unreasonably set in the detection process, the detection precision of the attenuation change of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw is low, and meanwhile, whether the attenuation change trend of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw is qualified or not is difficult to intuitively evaluate in the evaluation process, so that improvement is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the detection method and the detection device for the attenuation change of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw can improve detection precision, and can visually evaluate the attenuation change trend of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw so as to solve the problems that the attenuation change of the spiral trajectory of a workpiece is low in detection precision and difficult to evaluate.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a detection method and a detection device for attenuation change of a spiral trajectory of a steering screw are characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning and fixing the workpiece;
wiping a workpiece with non-woven fabric, mounting the workpiece on a detection table of a three-coordinate detection machine, and clamping with a fixing clamp of a turntable of the three-coordinate detection machine to fix the position of the workpiece;
2) scanning the workpiece to establish a three-coordinate system;
the top end face of the workpiece is touched, doted and scanned by a first probe of a three-coordinate detecting machine, and data are uploaded to a PC (personal computer) matched with the three-coordinate detecting machine;
after the top end face is subjected to dotting scanning, the upper circumferential surface and the lower circumferential surface of the workpiece are subjected to touch dotting scanning through a second probe of a three-coordinate detecting machine, and data are uploaded to a PC (personal computer) matched with the three-coordinate detecting machine;
the central axis of the workpiece is taken as a Z axis, the central point of the top end surface of the assembling head is taken as an original point, the straight line where the center of the assembling notch of the assembling head is located is taken as an X axis, and a three-coordinate system of the workpiece is initially established on a PC (personal computer) matched with a three-coordinate detector;
3) adjusting coordinate axes of the three-coordinate system
The rotary table of the three-coordinate detecting machine rotates, the workpiece is driven to rotate in the rotating process of the rotary table, and a second probe of the three-coordinate probe abuts against the circumference of the upper circumference of the workpiece to continuously scan the upper circumference for one circle in the rotating process of the workpiece;
after the upper circumferential surface is continuously scanned for one circle, the second probe is moved to the lower circumferential surface of the workpiece and is abutted against the lower circumferential surface, and the lower circumferential surface is continuously scanned for one circle;
after the lower circumferential surface is continuously scanned for a circle, the three-coordinate probe is moved to the top end surface of the workpiece, and in the rotating process of the workpiece, the center of the assembly notch is used as one point to perform dotting scanning on the top end surface of the workpiece through a first probe of the three-coordinate probe;
after the dotting scanning of the top end face is finished, moving the three-coordinate probe to the middle circumferential surface of the workpiece, and continuously scanning the middle circumferential surface for one circle by a second probe of the three-coordinate probe;
after the continuous scanning of the middle circumferential surface is finished, the three-coordinate probe is moved downwards to enable a third probe of the three-coordinate probe to abut against an assembly ring groove of the workpiece, and the assembly ring groove is continuously scanned through the third probe;
continuously scanning the upper circumferential surface, the lower circumferential surface, the middle circumferential surface and the assembly ring groove of the workpiece and dotting and scanning the top end surface of the workpiece for 2-3 times by a three-coordinate probe repeatedly so as to correct the centrifugal force and the rotation error when the turntable rotates, correct the three-coordinate system of the workpiece, further accurately adjust the three-coordinate system of the workpiece and determine Z, X of the three-coordinate system and the accurate position of a Y axis;
4) establishing a projection coordinate system and setting a calculation rule and an evaluation standard line;
setting a rotation angle of a three-coordinate probe along a spiral trajectory detection process of a workpiece as a Y 'axis on a PC (personal computer) matched with the three-coordinate detector, and setting a distance from the end head of the three-coordinate probe to the central axis of the workpiece, namely setting the radius of a spiral trajectory of a steering screw as an X' axis, so as to establish a projection coordinate system;
setting calculation rules of an x value and a y value of a projection coordinate system on a PC (personal computer) matched with a three-coordinate detector;
setting a plurality of theoretical fall point values in the projection coordinate system, and connecting the theoretical fall point values to establish a theoretical fall standard line;
setting a plurality of maximum fall point values in a projection coordinate system, connecting the maximum fall point values, and establishing a maximum fall standard line;
setting a plurality of minimum fall point values in a projection coordinate system, connecting the minimum fall point values, and establishing a minimum fall standard line;
5) detecting the spiral trajectory of the workpiece;
continuously scanning the spiral trajectory of the workpiece by a third probe of the three-coordinate probe from top to bottom, filling the scanned parameters into a three-coordinate system, sequentially selecting X-axis and Y-axis numerical values corresponding to point values of the three-coordinate system along a spiral curve corresponding to the spiral trajectory, calculating X values and Y values of a projection coordinate system according to a set calculation rule, and filling the X values and the Y values into the projection coordinate system;
connecting and filling point values of the projection coordinate system, and establishing an attenuation change curve of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw;
6) evaluation of the test specimen
And comparing the attenuation change curve of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw of the projection coordinate system with a theoretical fall standard line, a maximum fall standard line and a minimum fall standard line, thereby evaluating the attenuation change trend of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw.
The three-coordinate detecting machine is composed of a base, a supporting frame, a transverse displacement motor and a lifting motor, wherein the supporting frame is installed on the base through a longitudinal transmission belt, a vertical arm is movably installed on the supporting frame through a transverse displacement rack, a telescopic rod is movably inserted on the vertical arm, and a three-coordinate probe is installed at the bottom end of the telescopic rod; a transverse displacement motor is arranged on the vertical arm on one side of the telescopic rod, a displacement gear is arranged on an output shaft of the transverse displacement motor, and the displacement gear is meshed with the transverse displacement rack; a lifting motor is arranged in the vertical arm above the telescopic rod, a lifting screw is fixedly arranged on an output shaft of the lifting motor, and the lifting screw is in threaded connection with the telescopic rod; the base below the three-coordinate probe is provided with a turntable through a turntable motor, and the middle part of the turntable is provided with a fixing clamp.
The supporting frame consists of a positioning rod, an assembly cross rod and a supporting rod, wherein the assembly cross rod is fixedly arranged at the top end of the positioning rod and fixedly connected with the transverse displacement rack; a supporting rod is fixedly arranged at the end of the assembly cross rod and is in sliding connection with the base through a roller; the positioning rod is fixedly connected with the longitudinal transmission belt.
The three-coordinate probe consists of an assembly block, a first probe, a second probe and a third probe, wherein the first probe is fixedly arranged at the center of the bottom of the assembly block, the second probe is symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the side surface of the assembly block, and the third probe is symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the assembly block on one side of the second probe; the three-coordinate probe is fixedly connected with the telescopic rod through the assembling block.
The cross section of the telescopic rod is rectangular.
The fixing clamp is a three-jaw chuck.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the three-coordinate detection machine used by the detection method and the detection device for the attenuation change of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw is driven by the longitudinal transmission belt, the transverse displacement motor and the lifting motor, and compared with the method that the pressure of an air source is used as driving power, the problem of pressure fluctuation does not exist, so that the movement of the three-coordinate probe can be accurately controlled, and the detection precision can be effectively improved; meanwhile, the origin of the three-coordinate system is arranged on the central axis of the workpiece, the distance from the origin of the three-coordinate system to the spiral trajectory of the steering screw is reduced, and the three-coordinate system is corrected again after being initially built, so that the detection precision of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw is improved; the method has the advantages that data points scanned by the three coordinate system are projected to the X axis and the Y axis of the projection coordinate system according to a calculation rule, curves of the spiral trajectory attenuation change changing along with the spiral trajectory angle change can be reflected visually, trajectory attenuation is reflected through a theoretical fall standard line, a maximum fall standard line and a minimum fall standard line, whether the attenuation change trend of the spiral trajectory is qualified or not can be evaluated visually, meanwhile, data are directly related to the origin of the three coordinate system, accuracy of detection data is further guaranteed, the problems that detection accuracy of the spiral trajectory attenuation change of a workpiece is low and difficult to evaluate in the existing detection method and detection accuracy of an existing detection device is low are solved, and the method is particularly suitable for detection of the spiral trajectory attenuation change of the steering screw.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-coordinate system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation rule of X value of the projection coordinate system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a projected coordinate system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the scanning results of the projection coordinate system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the coordinate detecting machine of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic right-side view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure in the direction A-A in FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-coordinate probe of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a base, 2, a transverse displacement motor, 3, a lifting motor, 4, a longitudinal transmission belt, 5, a transverse displacement rack, 6, a vertical arm, 7, a telescopic rod, 8, a displacement gear, 9, a lifting screw rod, 10, a turntable motor, 11, a turntable, 12, a fixing clamp, 13, a positioning rod, 14, an assembly cross rod, 15, a supporting rod, 16, an assembly block, 17, a first probe, 18, a second probe, 19, a third probe, 20, a three-coordinate system, 21, an assembly notch, 22, an upper circumferential surface, 23, a lower circumferential surface, 24, a middle circumferential surface, 25, an assembly ring groove, 26, a theoretical fall standard line, 27, a maximum fall standard line, 28, a minimum standard fall line, 29, a spiral trajectory, 30, an attenuation change curve, 31 and a longitudinal transmission motor.
Detailed Description
The detection method and the detection device for the attenuation change of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw firstly clean the workpiece by using the non-woven fabric to prevent impurities (such as scrap iron, hair and the like) on the surface of the workpiece from influencing the detection precision, dip a small amount of acetone or alcohol on the non-woven fabric to wipe the surface of the workpiece again to remove oil stains attached to the surface of the workpiece, thoroughly clean the surface of the workpiece, and fix the workpiece on a turntable of a three-coordinate detection machine after wiping.
The three-coordinate detecting machine comprises a base 1, a support frame, a transverse displacement motor 2 and a lifting motor 3, wherein the support frame is installed on the base 1 through a longitudinal transmission belt 4, a transverse displacement rack 5 is arranged on the support frame, the support frame comprises a positioning rod 13, an assembly transverse rod 14 and a support rod 15, the assembly transverse rod 14 is fixedly installed at the top end of the positioning rod 13, and the assembly transverse rod 14 is fixedly connected with the transverse displacement rack 5; a supporting rod 15 is fixedly arranged at the end of the assembling cross rod 14, and the supporting rod 15 is connected with the base 1 in a sliding manner through a roller; the positioning rod 13 is fixedly connected with the longitudinal transmission belt 4, the longitudinal transmission belt 4 is driven by a longitudinal transmission motor 31 arranged on the base 1, the longitudinal transmission motor 31 is a servo motor and is used for accurately controlling the longitudinal displacement of the longitudinal transmission belt 4, so that the displacement distance and the displacement speed of the positioning rod 13 are accurately controlled, the longitudinal displacement of the assembling cross rod 14 and the transverse displacement rack 5 can be accurately controlled, and compared with the condition that the air source pressure is used as power, the displacement cannot be accurately controlled due to the pressure fluctuation of the air source, and the displacement distance and the displacement speed can be accurately controlled when the assembling cross rod 14 and the transverse displacement rack 5 move; the vertical arm 6 is movably arranged on the transverse displacement rack 5, and the transverse displacement rack 5 is matched with the assembling cross rod 14 to limit the position of the vertical arm 6, so that the vertical arm 6 can only move along the transverse displacement rack 5; the telescopic rod 7 is movably inserted on the vertical arm 6, the cross section of the telescopic rod 7 is rectangular, and the rectangular cross section of the telescopic rod 7 is used for preventing the telescopic rod 7 from rotating in the process of moving the telescopic rod 7 up and down, so that the telescopic rod 7 can only move up and down during working; the bottom end of the telescopic rod 7 is provided with a three-dimensional probe, the three-dimensional probe is composed of an assembly block 16, a first probe 17, a second probe 18 and a third probe 19, the first probe 17 is fixedly arranged at the center of the bottom of the assembly block 16, the second probe 18 is symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the side surface of the assembly block 16, and the third probe 19 is symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the assembly block 16 at one side of the second probe 18; when the second probe 18 or the third probe 19 detects the arc surface, the end of the second probe 18 or the third probe 19 performs semicircular motion along the circumferential surface through longitudinal and transverse compound motion in the horizontal direction, namely the symmetrically arranged second probe 18 or third probe 19 can perform circular detection when a workpiece is placed and rotated; when the third probe 19 detects the spiral trajectory, the third probe 19 can perform spiral line motion along the spiral trajectory through the compound motion in the longitudinal direction, the transverse direction and the vertical direction in the three-dimensional direction, namely, the second probe 18 or the third probe 19 which are symmetrically arranged can perform circular detection when a workpiece is static and rotates; the three-coordinate probe is fixedly connected with the telescopic rod 7 through the assembling block 16; the first probe 17, the second probe 18 and the third probe 19 are contact probes respectively, that is, when the end of the first probe 17, the second probe 18 or the third probe 19 contacts with the surface of the workpiece, the first probe 17, the second probe 18 or the third probe 19 feeds back the generated electric signal to a controller of the three-coordinate detecting machine, and the controller detects the size of the workpiece through the position parameters of the end of the first probe 17, the second probe 18 or the third probe 19; a transverse displacement motor 2 is arranged on the vertical arm 6 on one side of the telescopic rod 7, a displacement gear 8 is mounted on an output shaft of the transverse displacement motor 2, the displacement gear 8 is meshed with the transverse displacement rack 5, the transverse displacement motor 2 can drive the vertical arm 6 to perform transverse motion in the horizontal direction through the matching of the displacement gear 8 and the transverse displacement rack 5, and further drive the telescopic rod 7 to perform transverse motion in the horizontal direction, so that the telescopic rod 7 can drive the three-coordinate probe to perform transverse motion in the horizontal direction in the horizontal transverse motion process; the transverse displacement motor 2 is a servo motor, so that when the three-dimensional displacement probe works, the transverse displacement distance and the displacement speed of the vertical arm 6 are accurately controlled, and further the transverse displacement distance and the displacement speed of the three-dimensional displacement probe are accurately controlled; a lifting motor 3 is arranged in a vertical arm 6 above a telescopic rod 7, a lifting screw 9 is fixedly arranged on an output shaft of the lifting motor 3, the lifting screw 9 is in threaded connection with the telescopic rod 7, the telescopic rod 7 is driven to perform lifting motion through the lifting screw 9 when the lifting motor 3 rotates, and the telescopic rod 7 drives a three-coordinate probe to perform lifting motion in the lifting motion process; the lifting motor 3 is a servo motor, so that the lifting height and the lifting speed of the telescopic rod 7 are accurately controlled during working, the lifting displacement distance and the displacement speed of the three-coordinate probe are further accurately controlled, and compared with the method that the air source pressure is used as power, the displacement cannot be accurately controlled due to air source pressure fluctuation, and the displacement distance and the displacement speed can be accurately controlled during movement of the three-coordinate probe; a turntable motor 10 is arranged on the base 1 below the three-coordinate probe, a turntable 11 is arranged on an output shaft of the turntable motor 10, a fixing clamp 12 is arranged in the middle of the turntable 11, the fixing clamp 12 is a three-jaw chuck, and the fixing clamp 12 is used for fixing a workpiece on the fixing turntable 11 during working so that the workpiece can rotate together with the turntable 11; the turntable motor 10 is a servo motor to precisely control the rotation speed and rotation angle of the turntable 11, and thus the rotation angle and rotation speed of the workpiece (see fig. 5, 6, 7, and 8).
The workpiece is clamped and fixed at the central part of the turntable 11 by a fixing clamp 12 of the three-coordinate detecting machine, so that the detection result is prevented from being inaccurate due to large errors caused by the position change of the workpiece in the detection process.
After the workpiece is fixed on the turntable of the three-coordinate system detection machine, the three-coordinate probe for three-coordinate detection rotates by taking the central axis of the workpiece as the center of a circle to scan the workpiece so as to perform initial construction on the three-coordinate system 20 of the workpiece, and the specific process is as follows: a first probe 17 of a three-coordinate probe of a three-coordinate detection machine is used for touching 4-8 points on the circumference of the top end face with the radius of the top end face as the radius of the center point of the top end face as the center of a circle and the radius of the top end face as the radius of the top end face to perform dotting scanning on the top end face of the workpiece assembly head by taking the center point of the assembly notch 21 as the starting point; after the dotting scanning of the top end surface is finished, 4-8 points are uniformly selected on the circumference of the upper circumferential surface 22 of the assembly head by a second probe 18 of a three-coordinate probe of a three-coordinate detection machine to touch the upper circumferential surface 22 of the workpiece in the rotating process of the workpiece to perform the dotting scanning, and the lower circumferential surface 23 of the workpiece is subjected to dotting scanning in the rotating process of the workpiece through the second probe 18, in the process of dotting and scanning the top end face, the upper circumferential face 22 and the lower circumferential face 23 of the workpiece, the three-coordinate probe respectively uploads scanning data to a PC (personal computer) matched with a three-coordinate detector, the three-coordinate detector processes the scanning data by taking the central axis of the workpiece as a Z axis, the central point of the top end face of the assembly head as an original point, the straight line where the center of the assembly notch 21 of the assembly head is located is an X axis, and a three-coordinate system 20 of the workpiece is initialized on a PC associated with the three-coordinate measuring machine (see fig. 1).
After the three-coordinate system is initially established, a turntable of the three-coordinate detection machine rotates, the workpiece is driven to rotate in the rotating process of the turntable, and a second probe 18 of the three-coordinate probe abuts against the circumference of the upper circumferential surface 22 of the workpiece to continuously scan the upper circumferential surface 22 in the rotating process of the workpiece; after the upper circumferential surface 22 continuously scans for one circle, the second probe 18 is moved to the lower circumferential surface 23 of the workpiece and is abutted against the lower circumferential surface 23, and the lower circumferential surface 23 is continuously scanned; after the lower circumferential surface 23 continuously scans for one circle, the three-coordinate probe is moved to the top end surface of the workpiece, and in the rotating process of the workpiece, the center of the assembly notch 21 is used as one point for dotting and scanning by the first probe of the three-coordinate probe on the top end surface of the workpiece; after the dotting scanning of the top end face is finished, moving the three-coordinate probe to the middle circumferential surface of the workpiece, and continuously scanning the middle circumferential surface 24 for one circle by the second probe 18 of the three-coordinate probe; after the continuous scanning of the middle circumferential surface 24 is finished, the three-coordinate probe is moved downwards to enable the third probe 19 of the three-coordinate probe to abut against the assembly ring groove 25 of the workpiece, and the assembly ring groove 25 is continuously scanned for one circle through the third probe 19; the upper circumferential surface 22, the lower circumferential surface 23, the middle circumferential surface 24 and the assembly ring groove 25 of the workpiece are repeatedly and continuously scanned and the top end surface of the workpiece is doted and scanned for 2-3 times by the three-coordinate probe, the centrifugal force and the rotation error when the turntable rotates are corrected by analyzing the scanning result, the three-coordinate system 20 of the workpiece is corrected, the three-coordinate system 20 of the workpiece is accurately adjusted, and the accurate positions of Z, X and the Y axis of the three-coordinate system 20 are determined.
After the adjustment of the three-coordinate system 20 is completed, a rotation angle of the three-coordinate probe along the spiral trajectory of the workpiece during the detection process is set as a Y 'axis on a PC associated with the three-coordinate detector, and a deviation value of a distance from an end of the three-coordinate probe to a central axis of the workpiece, that is, a deviation value of a radius of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw is set as an X' axis, thereby establishing a projection coordinate system (see fig. 3).
After the projection coordinate system is established, the calculation rule of the x value of the projection coordinate system is set to be
Wherein x' is the x value of the projection coordinate system, a is the x value of the three-coordinate system, b is the y value of the three-coordinate system, and m is a compensation constant; the calculation rule for setting the y value of the projection coordinate system is as follows
Wherein y' is the y value of the projection coordinate system, k is the compensation coefficient, z is the z value of the three coordinate system, and n is the compensation constant.
A plurality of theoretical fall point values are set in the projection coordinate system (see table 1), and the theoretical fall point values are connected using a broken line, thereby establishing a theoretical fall criterion line 26 (see fig. 3).
TABLE 1 Fall point value Table
After the theoretical fall standard line is established, a plurality of maximum fall point values (see table 1) are set in the projection coordinate system, each maximum fall point value is connected, a maximum fall standard line is further established, and the maximum fall standard line 27 (see fig. 3) is represented by a solid line.
After the maximum fall standard line is established, a plurality of minimum fall point values (see table 1) are set in the projection coordinate system, each minimum fall point value is connected, and a minimum fall standard line is established, and the minimum fall standard line 28 (see fig. 3) is represented by a solid line.
The third probe 19 of the three-coordinate probe continuously scans along the spiral trajectory 29 of the workpiece from top to bottom, the three-coordinate probe fills the scanning values of the spiral trajectory 29 of the workpiece into the three-coordinate system 20, sequentially selects the values of the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis corresponding to the point values of the three-coordinate system 20 along the spiral curve corresponding to the spiral trajectory 29, calculates the X-value and the Y-value of the projection coordinate system according to a set calculation rule and fills the values into the projection coordinate system, and a solid line is used to connect the filled values into the projection coordinate system to establish a damping change curve 30 (see fig. 4) of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw.
After the attenuation change curve 30 of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw is established, the attenuation change curve 30 of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw of the projection coordinate system is compared with the theoretical fall standard line 26, the maximum fall standard line 27 and the minimum fall standard line 28, so that the attenuation change trend condition of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw is evaluated: 1. the attenuation change curve 30 of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw exceeds the maximum fall standard line 27 or the minimum fall standard line 28, the attenuation change trend of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw is evaluated to be unqualified, unqualified workpieces are discarded, and meanwhile, the unqualified position of the spiral trajectory is notified to a processing center through analyzing the unqualified curve, so that the processing center can improve processing parameters and processes to improve the qualification rate of spiral trajectory processing; 2. the attenuation change curve 30 of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw is between the maximum fall standard line 27 and the minimum fall standard line 28, and the attenuation change trend of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw is evaluated to be qualified; 3. the higher the curve 30 of the attenuation change of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw is between the maximum drop standard line 27 and the minimum drop standard line 28 and conforms to the theoretical drop standard line 26, the better the trend of the attenuation change of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw is evaluated (see fig. 4).
The three-coordinate detecting machine used by the method and the device for detecting the attenuation change of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw is driven by the longitudinal transmission belt 4, the transverse displacement motor 2 and the lifting motor 3, and compared with the method that the pressure of an air source is used as driving power, the problem of pressure fluctuation does not exist, so that the movement of a three-coordinate probe can be accurately controlled, and the detection precision can be effectively improved; meanwhile, the origin of the three-coordinate system is arranged on the central axis of the workpiece, the distance from the origin of the three-coordinate system to the spiral trajectory of the steering screw is reduced, and the three-coordinate system is corrected again after being initially built, so that the detection precision of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw is improved; the data points scanned by the three coordinate systems are projected to the X axis and the Y axis of the projection coordinate system according to the calculation rule, curves of the spiral trajectory attenuation change changing along with the spiral trajectory angle change can be reflected visually, trajectory attenuation is reflected through the theoretical fall standard line 26, the maximum fall standard line 27 and the minimum fall standard line 28, whether the attenuation change trend of the spiral trajectory is qualified or not can be evaluated visually, meanwhile, the data are directly related to the three origins, the accuracy of data detection is further guaranteed, the problems that the spiral trajectory attenuation change detection accuracy of workpieces is low and difficult to evaluate in the existing detection method and the existing detection device is low in detection accuracy are solved, and the method is particularly suitable for detection of the spiral trajectory attenuation change of the steering screw.
Claims (1)
1. A method for detecting the attenuation change of the spiral trajectory of a steering screw is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning and fixing the workpiece;
wiping a workpiece with non-woven fabric, mounting the workpiece on a detection table of a three-coordinate detection machine, and clamping with a fixing clamp of a turntable of the three-coordinate detection machine to fix the position of the workpiece;
the three-coordinate detection machine is composed of a base (1), a support frame, a transverse displacement motor (2) and a lifting motor (3), wherein the support frame is installed on the base (1) through a longitudinal transmission belt (4), a vertical arm (6) is movably installed on the support frame through a transverse displacement rack (5), a telescopic rod (7) is movably inserted on the vertical arm (6), and the cross section of the telescopic rod (7) is rectangular; the bottom end of the telescopic rod (7) is provided with a three-dimensional probe; the three-coordinate probe consists of an assembly block (16), a first probe (17), a second probe (18) and a third probe (19), wherein the first probe (17) is fixedly arranged at the center of the bottom of the assembly block (16), the second probe (18) is symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the side surface of the assembly block (16), and the third probe (19) is symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the assembly block (16) on one side of the second probe (18); the three-coordinate probe is fixedly connected with the telescopic rod (7) through an assembling block (16); a transverse displacement motor (2) is arranged on a vertical arm (6) on one side of the telescopic rod (7), a displacement gear (8) is mounted on an output shaft of the transverse displacement motor (2), and the displacement gear (8) is meshed with a transverse displacement rack (5); a lifting motor (3) is arranged in a vertical arm (6) above the telescopic rod (7), a lifting screw (9) is fixedly arranged on an output shaft of the lifting motor (3), and the lifting screw (9) is in threaded connection with the telescopic rod (7); a turntable (11) is arranged on the base (1) below the three-coordinate probe through a turntable motor (10), and a fixing clamp (12) is arranged in the middle of the turntable (11);
the supporting frame consists of a positioning rod (13), an assembly cross rod (14) and a supporting rod (15), the assembly cross rod (14) is fixedly arranged at the top end of the positioning rod (13), and the assembly cross rod (14) is fixedly connected with the transverse displacement rack (5); a supporting rod (15) is fixedly arranged at the end of the assembling cross rod (14), and the supporting rod (15) is connected with the base (1) in a sliding manner through a roller; the positioning rod (13) is fixedly connected with the longitudinal transmission belt (4);
2) scanning the workpiece to establish a three-coordinate system;
a first probe (17) of a three-coordinate probe of a three-coordinate detecting machine is used for performing touch dotting scanning on the top end face of the workpiece, and data are uploaded to a PC (personal computer) matched with the three-coordinate detecting machine;
after the top end face is subjected to dotting scanning, the upper circumferential surface (22) and the lower circumferential surface (23) of the workpiece are subjected to touch dotting scanning through a second probe (18) of a three-coordinate probe of a three-coordinate detecting machine, and data are uploaded to a PC (personal computer) matched with the three-coordinate detecting machine;
the method comprises the steps that a three-coordinate system (20) of a workpiece is initially established on a PC (personal computer) matched with a three-coordinate detector by using dotting scanning data of the top end face, the upper circumferential face (22) and the lower circumferential face (23) of the workpiece and taking the central axis of the workpiece as a Z axis, the central point of the top end face of an assembly head as an origin, and the straight line where the center of an assembly notch (21) of the assembly head is located as an X axis;
3) adjusting coordinate axes of the three-coordinate system
The rotary table of the three-coordinate detecting machine rotates, the workpiece is driven to rotate in the rotating process of the rotary table, and a second probe (18) of the three-coordinate probe abuts against the circumference of the upper circumferential surface (22) of the workpiece to continuously scan the upper circumferential surface (22) for one circle in the rotating process of the workpiece;
after the upper circumferential surface (22) continuously scans for one circle, the second probe (18) is moved to the lower circumferential surface (23) of the workpiece and is abutted against the lower circumferential surface (23), and the lower circumferential surface (23) is continuously scanned for one circle;
after the lower circumferential surface (23) continuously scans for a circle, the three-coordinate probe is moved to the top end surface of the workpiece, and in the rotating process of the workpiece, the center of the assembly notch (21) is used as one point for dotting scanning on the top end surface of the workpiece through a first probe (17) of the three-coordinate probe;
after the dotting scanning of the top end face is finished, moving the three-coordinate probe to the middle circumferential surface (24) of the workpiece, and continuously scanning the middle circumferential surface (24) for one circle through a second probe (18) of the three-coordinate probe;
after the continuous scanning of the middle circumferential surface (24) is finished, the three-coordinate probe is moved downwards to enable a third probe (19) of the three-coordinate probe to abut against an assembly ring groove (25) of the workpiece, and the assembly ring groove (25) is continuously scanned through the third probe (19);
continuously scanning the upper circumferential surface (22), the lower circumferential surface (23), the middle circumferential surface (24) and the assembly ring groove (25) of the workpiece and dotting the top end surface of the workpiece for 2-3 times by a three-coordinate probe repeatedly, correcting the centrifugal force and the rotation error when the turntable rotates, correcting the three-coordinate system (20) of the workpiece, accurately adjusting the three-coordinate system (20) of the workpiece, and determining Z, X of the three-coordinate system (20) and the accurate position of the Y axis;
4) establishing a projection coordinate system and setting a calculation rule and an evaluation standard line;
setting a rotation angle of a three-coordinate probe along a spiral trajectory detection process of a workpiece as a Y 'axis on a PC (personal computer) matched with the three-coordinate detector, and setting a distance from the end head of the three-coordinate probe to the central axis of the workpiece, namely setting the radius of a spiral trajectory of a steering screw as an X' axis, so as to establish a projection coordinate system;
setting calculation rules of an x value and a y value of a projection coordinate system on a PC (personal computer) matched with a three-coordinate detector;
setting a plurality of theoretical fall point values in the projection coordinate system, and connecting the theoretical fall point values to establish a theoretical fall standard line (26);
setting a plurality of maximum fall point values in a projection coordinate system, connecting the maximum fall point values, and establishing a maximum fall standard line (27);
setting a plurality of minimum fall point values in the projection coordinate system, connecting the minimum fall point values, and establishing a minimum fall standard line (28);
5) detecting the spiral trajectory of the workpiece;
continuously scanning a spiral trajectory (29) of a workpiece from top to bottom through a third probe (19) of the three-coordinate probe, filling scanned parameters into a three-coordinate system (20), sequentially selecting X-axis and Y-axis numerical values corresponding to point values of the three-coordinate system (20) along a spiral curve corresponding to the spiral trajectory (29), calculating an X value and a Y value of a projection coordinate system according to a set calculation rule, and filling the X value and the Y value into the projection coordinate system;
connecting the point values filled into the projection coordinate system to establish a damping change curve (30) of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw;
6) evaluation of the test specimen
And comparing the attenuation change curve (30) of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw of the projection coordinate system with a theoretical fall standard line (26), a maximum fall standard line (27) and a minimum fall standard line (28), thereby evaluating the attenuation change trend of the spiral trajectory of the steering screw.
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