CN112081609B - High-strength intelligent carbon fiber geogrid - Google Patents
High-strength intelligent carbon fiber geogrid Download PDFInfo
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- CN112081609B CN112081609B CN202010805293.6A CN202010805293A CN112081609B CN 112081609 B CN112081609 B CN 112081609B CN 202010805293 A CN202010805293 A CN 202010805293A CN 112081609 B CN112081609 B CN 112081609B
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FGRBYDKOBBBPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10,10-dioxo-2-[4-(N-phenylanilino)phenyl]thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound O=C1c2ccccc2S(=O)(=O)c2ccc(cc12)-c1ccc(cc1)N(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 FGRBYDKOBBBPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007723 die pressing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009757 thermoplastic moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of protective equipment for engineering, in particular to a high-strength intelligent carbon fiber geogrid. The utility model provides a high-strength intelligent carbon fiber geogrid, includes geogrid main part and sensing optical fiber, the geogrid main part include first geogrid and second geogrid, first geogrid and second geogrid coincidence connect, first geogrid include a plurality of warp bars and a plurality of weft bars, the second geogrid include a plurality of slope bars, sensing optical fiber include a plurality of first sensing optical fiber and two second sensing optical fibers, first sensing optical fiber set up on first geogrid, second sensing optical fiber set up on the second geogrid. The invention distributes the sensing optical fibers in a dispersing way, when one or more optical fibers are broken, the sensing function of the whole geogrid main body is not influenced, the detection sensitivity of the geogrid can be effectively improved, and the maintenance and replacement cost can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of protective equipment for engineering, in particular to a high-strength intelligent carbon fiber geogrid.
Background
Brief introduction: in the field of civil engineering construction, in order to ensure the normal construction of the construction process and the normal use during the operating period, the structure of the zone, in particular the aquifer and the breaker zone, must be supported and monitored to determine the health of the zone. The existing supporting technology mainly adopts an anchor rod matched with cement mortar and a lining for supporting, the monitoring technology mainly relies on a traditional monitoring method, a total station, a level gauge, an electric sensor and the like are used for monitoring a tunnel, and the traditional supporting and monitoring method cannot effectively support and monitor in real time.
The existing civil construction reinforcing method generally adopts a grouting method particularly for a local broken zone with high water content and uses a geogrid for auxiliary reinforcement, so that a tunnel can be reinforced in a short time, but in the subsequent construction process and operation process, if secondary damage occurs, the difficulty in maintenance and reinforcement is high, and the cost is high. In addition, the existing geogrid can not accurately position the deformation position of the tunnel surrounding rock, and health monitoring and repairing in the later-stage operation process of the geogrid are not facilitated. With the improvement of civil engineering standards of large bridges, water conservancy construction and the like in China, some super projects are continuously refreshed and created. The back of these super-engineering depends on a large number of new technologies and materials, such as geogrids used in civil engineering, the traditional geogrids cannot meet the high standard design requirements, and it has become necessary to develop high-strength intelligent geogrids, such as the traditional plastic geogrids, steel-plastic geogrids, glass fiber geogrids, polyester warp-knitted polyester geogrids, and the like, and two-dimensional grids or three-dimensional grids with a certain height formed by thermoplastic molding or die pressing of high polymer such as polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and the like, wherein the performance of the geogrid subjected to carbon fiber for rechecking is particularly outstanding.
Quote: if the authorization notice number is CN210981177U, the intelligent geogrid suitable for the tunnel and the monitoring system thereof are disclosed, the intelligent geogrid suitable for the tunnel comprises a first geogrid, a second geogrid and a mixed optical fiber, the mixed optical fiber is adhered to the outer surface of the first geogrid, the second geogrid is connected with the first geogrid to form a geogrid body, the mixed optical fiber is positioned in the geogrid body, the mixed optical fiber comprises a strain optical fiber and a temperature optical fiber, intelligent detection is carried out on a construction part through the mixed optical fiber, but the novel geogrid is always penetrated through by a bundle of optical fiber, if a certain part of a construction position is broken in the construction process, the optical fiber is broken, other positions on the whole intelligent geogrid cannot be detected, the influence is large, and the replacement cost is high;
the invention conception is as follows: the high-strength intelligent carbon fiber geogrid is designed, and the construction position can still be detected after partial optical fibers are broken by changing the arrangement mode of the optical fibers.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a high-strength intelligent carbon fiber geogrid.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a high-strength intelligent carbon fiber geogrid, includes geogrid main part and sensing optical fiber, the geogrid main part include first geogrid and second geogrid, first geogrid and the coincidence of second geogrid connect, first geogrid include a plurality of warp bars and a plurality of weft bars, the second geogrid include a plurality of slope bars, sensing optical fiber include a plurality of first sensing optical fiber and two second sensing optical fibers, first sensing optical fiber set up on first geogrid, second sensing optical fiber set up on the second geogrid, first sensing optical fiber be the U type, sensing optical fiber both ends be equipped with the transmission head.
As optimization, the plurality of warp grids are arranged in parallel, the plurality of weft grids are arranged in parallel, the warp grids and the weft grids are vertically arranged, fixing frames are arranged at the edges of the warp grids and the weft grids, and horizontal grids are formed between two adjacent warp grids and two adjacent weft grids.
Preferably, the inclined grids comprise a plurality of first inclined grids and a plurality of second inclined grids, the first inclined grids are arranged in parallel, the second inclined grids are arranged in parallel, the first inclined grids and the second inclined grids are arranged vertically, and inclined grids are formed between two adjacent first inclined grids and two adjacent second inclined grids.
As an optimization, the first sensing optical fibers include a plurality of first horizontal sensing optical fibers and a plurality of first vertical sensing optical fibers, the first horizontal sensing optical fibers are arranged along two adjacent weft grids, the first vertical sensing optical fibers are arranged along two connected warp grids, the plurality of first horizontal sensing optical fibers are arranged in parallel, and the plurality of first vertical sensing optical fibers are arranged in parallel.
Preferably, the first inclined grid is inclined by 45 degrees to the right, and the second inclined grid is inclined by 45 degrees to the left.
And as optimization, the second sensing optical fibers are coiled in an S shape, and the two second sensing optical fibers are respectively arranged along the plurality of first inclined grids and the plurality of second inclined grids.
Preferably, the sensing optical fiber is coated with a PVC pipe, and the PVC pipe is arranged inside the geogrid main body.
As optimization, the area of the horizontal grid is the same as that of the inclined grid.
Preferably, the first geogrid and the second geogrid are fixedly connected through adhesives or welded or bolted.
As optimization, a side face of the fixing frame is provided with a connecting block and a connecting hole.
The whole beneficial effect of this scheme is: the utility model provides a high-strength intelligent carbon fiber geogrid, has following advantage: 1. by arranging the first geogrid and the second geogrid, the supporting strength of the geogrid can be effectively improved; 2. the monitoring sensitivity of the geogrid can be improved by arranging a plurality of parallel first horizontal sensing optical fibers and first vertical sensing optical fibers in the first geogrid and arranging two inclined sensing optical fibers in the second geogrid; 3. the sensing optical fibers are distributed in a dispersed manner, when one or more optical fibers are broken, the sensing function of the whole geogrid main body cannot be influenced, and only one of the first geogrid or the second geogrid needs to be replaced after the first geogrid or the second geogrid is damaged, so that the maintenance and replacement cost is reduced; 4. the horizontal grids on the first geogrid have the same area as the inclined grids on the second geogrid, so that the stress balance on the geogrid can be ensured, the stress balance of each point on the geogrid can be improved, and the service life of the geogrid is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic isometric view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a rear view of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a first geogrid structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a second geogrid construction according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic arrangement of first photosensitive fibers according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a second sensing fiber arrangement 1 according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic 2 diagram of a second sensing fiber arrangement according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the connecting block and the connecting hole of the invention.
The geogrid comprises a geogrid main body 1, a geogrid main body 2, a first geogrid, a second geogrid 3, a warp grid 4, a weft grid 5, a weft grid 6, a first sensing optical fiber 7, a second sensing optical fiber 8, a transmission head 9, a fixing frame 10, a horizontal grid 11, a first inclined grid 12, a second inclined grid 13, an inclined grid 14, a first horizontal sensing optical fiber 15, a first vertical sensing optical fiber 16, a connecting block 17 and a connecting hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the present product is conventionally placed in use, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
As shown in fig. 1, 6 and 7, a high-strength intelligent carbon fiber geogrid comprises a geogrid main body 1 and sensing optical fibers, wherein the geogrid main body 1 comprises a first geogrid 2 and a second geogrid 3, the first geogrid 2 and the second geogrid 3 are connected in a superposition mode, the first geogrid 2 comprises a plurality of warp grids 4 and a plurality of weft grids 5, the second geogrid 3 comprises a plurality of inclined grids, the sensing optical fibers comprise a plurality of first sensing optical fibers 6 and two second sensing optical fibers 7, the first sensing optical fibers 6 are arranged on the first geogrid 2, the second sensing optical fibers 7 are arranged on the second geogrid 3, the first sensing optical fibers 6 are U-shaped, and transmission heads 8 are arranged at two ends of the sensing optical fibers. The sensing optical fiber is coated with a PVC pipe outside, and the PVC pipe is arranged inside the geogrid main body 1. The first sensing optical fiber 6 and the second sensing optical fiber 7 are embedded in the geogrid main body 1. Wherein the geotechnical barrier main body 1 is made of carbon fiber composite material.
As shown in fig. 4, the plurality of warp grids 4 are arranged in parallel, the plurality of weft grids 5 are arranged in parallel, the warp grids 4 and the weft grids 5 are arranged vertically, fixing frames 9 are arranged at the edges of the warp grids 4 and the weft grids 5, and horizontal grids 10 are formed between two adjacent warp grids 4 and two adjacent weft grids 5.
As shown in fig. 5, the inclined grids include a plurality of first inclined grids 11 and a plurality of second inclined grids 12, the first inclined grids 11 are arranged in parallel, the second inclined grids 12 are arranged in parallel, the first inclined grids 11 and the second inclined grids 12 are arranged vertically, and inclined grids 13 are formed between two adjacent first inclined grids 11 and two adjacent second inclined grids 12.
As shown in fig. 6, the first sensing optical fiber 6 includes a plurality of first horizontal sensing optical fibers 14 and a plurality of first vertical sensing optical fibers 15, the first horizontal sensing optical fibers 14 are disposed along two adjacent weft grids 5, the first vertical sensing optical fibers 15 are disposed along two connected warp grids 4, the plurality of first horizontal sensing optical fibers 14 are disposed in parallel, and the plurality of first vertical sensing optical fibers 15 are disposed in parallel.
As shown in fig. 7, the first inclined fence 11 is inclined 45 ° to the right, and the second inclined fence 12 is inclined 45 ° to the left. The second sensing optical fibers 7 are wound in an S shape, the two second sensing optical fibers 7 are respectively arranged along the plurality of first inclined grids 11 and the plurality of second inclined grids 12, one second sensing optical fiber is arranged along the first inclined grid 11, and the other second sensing optical fiber 7 is arranged along the second inclined grids 12.
The sensing optical fiber is coated with a PVC pipe outside, and the PVC pipe is arranged inside the geogrid main body 1.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the horizontal grids 10 have the same area as the inclined grids 13.
The first geogrid 2 and the second geogrid 3 are fixedly connected through adhesives or welded or connected through bolts.
Fixing frame 9 one side on be equipped with connecting block 16 and connecting hole 17, in the work progress, need a plurality of geogrid main part 1 to link to each other the setting, two adjacent geogrid main parts 1 pass through connecting block 16 and connecting hole 17 fixed connection.
The using method comprises the following steps: adjacent fixed with a plurality of geogrid main part 1 through connecting block 16 and connecting hole 17, with second geogrid 3 down, first geogrid 2 sets up, two second sensing optical fiber 7 on the fixed back second geogrid 2 can carry out the omnidirectional and detect bottom second geogrid 3. Because the grids on the second geogrid 3 are obliquely arranged, and the second geogrid 3 and the grids on the first geogrid 2 are arranged in a staggered mode, the first sensing optical fibers 6 and the second sensing optical fibers 7 are arranged in a staggered mode, so that monitoring points are greatly increased, and the detection is more sensitive.
In addition, if the second sensing optical fiber 7 on the second geogrid 3 is broken, the first sensing optical fiber 6 on the first geogrid 2 can still monitor the construction site, if one sensing optical fiber of the first horizontal sensing optical fiber 14 and the second vertical sensing optical fiber 15 on the second geogrid 2 is broken, the detection of other sensing optical fibers is still not influenced, and if two second sensing optical fibers 7 on the second geogrid 3 are broken, the second geogrid 3 can be replaced when the sensor is used again.
The transmission head 8 is connected with a transmission optical cable, a demodulator upper computer and the like, and a person skilled in the art can be equipped with corresponding detection equipment according to the prior art, which is not described herein again.
The above embodiments are only specific cases of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention includes but is not limited to the product forms and styles of the above embodiments, and any high-strength intelligent carbon fiber geogrid according to the claims of the present invention and any suitable changes or modifications thereof by one of ordinary skill in the art shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a high-strength intelligent carbon fiber geogrid which characterized in that: the sensing optical fiber is arranged on the first geogrid, the second geogrid is arranged on the second geogrid, the first sensing optical fiber is U-shaped, and transmission heads are arranged at two ends of the sensing optical fiber;
the warp grids are arranged in parallel, the weft grids are arranged in parallel, the warp grids and the weft grids are vertically arranged, fixing frames are arranged at the edges of the warp grids and the weft grids, and horizontal grids are formed between two adjacent warp grids and two adjacent weft grids;
the first sensing optical fibers comprise a plurality of first horizontal sensing optical fibers and a plurality of first vertical sensing optical fibers, the first horizontal sensing optical fibers are arranged along two adjacent weft grids, the first vertical sensing optical fibers are arranged along two connected warp grids, the plurality of first horizontal sensing optical fibers are arranged in parallel, and the plurality of first vertical sensing optical fibers are arranged in parallel;
the inclined grids comprise a plurality of first inclined grids and a plurality of second inclined grids, the first inclined grids are arranged in parallel, the second inclined grids are arranged in parallel, the first inclined grids and the second inclined grids are vertically arranged, and inclined grids are formed between two adjacent first inclined grids and two adjacent second inclined grids.
2. The high-strength intelligent carbon fiber geogrid according to claim 1, wherein: the first inclined grid inclines 45 degrees to the right, and the second inclined grid inclines 45 degrees to the left.
3. The high-strength intelligent carbon fiber geogrid according to claim 1, wherein: the second sensing optical fibers are coiled in an S shape, and the two second sensing optical fibers are arranged along the plurality of first inclined grids and the plurality of second inclined grids respectively.
4. The high-strength intelligent carbon fiber geogrid according to claim 1, wherein: the sensing optical fiber is externally coated with a PVC pipe, and the PVC pipe is arranged inside the geogrid main body.
5. The high-strength intelligent carbon fiber geogrid according to claim 1, wherein: the area of the horizontal grid is the same as that of the inclined grid.
6. The high-strength intelligent carbon fiber geogrid according to claim 1, wherein: the first geogrid and the second geogrid are fixedly connected through adhesives or welded or connected through bolts.
7. The high-strength intelligent carbon fiber geogrid according to claim 1, wherein: and a connecting block and a connecting hole are arranged on one side surface of the fixing frame.
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CN202010805293.6A CN112081609B (en) | 2020-08-12 | 2020-08-12 | High-strength intelligent carbon fiber geogrid |
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Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5816750A (en) * | 1996-10-04 | 1998-10-06 | The Tensar Corporation | Automatic grid layout system |
CN102030948A (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2011-04-27 | 南昌天高新材料股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing modified geogrid |
CN102427714A (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2012-04-25 | 东华大学 | Wave absorbing sheet with carbon fiber endless tows in grid-shaped arrangement and preparation method thereof |
CN104277298A (en) * | 2014-10-25 | 2015-01-14 | 安徽杰奥玛克合成材料科技有限公司 | Modified geogrid processed by using waste cross-linked polyethylene cable material and preparation method of modified geogrid |
CN107558464A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2018-01-09 | 安徽中路工程材料有限公司 | A kind of high-strength corrosion-resistant loses multidirectional GSZ |
CN210916844U (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-07-03 | 杨冬梅 | Reinforced double-layer geogrid |
CN210981177U (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-07-10 | 武汉理工大学 | Intelligent geogrid suitable for tunnel and monitoring system thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-08-12 CN CN202010805293.6A patent/CN112081609B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5816750A (en) * | 1996-10-04 | 1998-10-06 | The Tensar Corporation | Automatic grid layout system |
CN102030948A (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2011-04-27 | 南昌天高新材料股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing modified geogrid |
CN102427714A (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2012-04-25 | 东华大学 | Wave absorbing sheet with carbon fiber endless tows in grid-shaped arrangement and preparation method thereof |
CN104277298A (en) * | 2014-10-25 | 2015-01-14 | 安徽杰奥玛克合成材料科技有限公司 | Modified geogrid processed by using waste cross-linked polyethylene cable material and preparation method of modified geogrid |
CN107558464A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2018-01-09 | 安徽中路工程材料有限公司 | A kind of high-strength corrosion-resistant loses multidirectional GSZ |
CN210916844U (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-07-03 | 杨冬梅 | Reinforced double-layer geogrid |
CN210981177U (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-07-10 | 武汉理工大学 | Intelligent geogrid suitable for tunnel and monitoring system thereof |
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