CN112080667B - Copper nut and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Copper nut and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112080667B CN112080667B CN202010955484.0A CN202010955484A CN112080667B CN 112080667 B CN112080667 B CN 112080667B CN 202010955484 A CN202010955484 A CN 202010955484A CN 112080667 B CN112080667 B CN 112080667B
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007546 Brinell hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002535 CuZn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101000993059 Homo sapiens Hereditary hemochromatosis protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 208000002697 Tooth Abrasion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B37/00—Nuts or like thread-engaging members
Abstract
The invention relates to a copper nut which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 56-63 wt%, Al: 2.5-6.5 wt%, Fe: 1.5-4.5 wt%, Mn: 1.5-4.5 wt%, and the balance of Zn and inevitable impurities; the microstructure of the copper nut contains a matrix phase beta phase, an alpha phase and a Fe-rich K phase. According to the invention, the addition amount of copper is controlled, Al, Fe and Mn are added into brass, and the content of Al, Fe and Mn is controlled, so that the microstructure of the copper nut contains a matrix phase beta phase, an alpha phase and a Fe-rich K phase, the elongation is ensured while the strength and the hardness are improved, the Fe-rich K phase is dispersed in the alloy, crystal grains are refined, and the mechanical property uniformity of the alloy is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of copper alloy, and particularly relates to a copper nut and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Friction and screw presses are currently the mainstream forging and pressing equipment in China, have the characteristics of simple structure, easy installation, simple operation and auxiliary equipment, low price and the like, and are widely applied to metal die forging, coining and stamping processes and the pressure processing of non-metal materials such as refractory materials, ceramics and the like. The copper nut is an important component of the press machine and is directly related to the production capacity of the press machine.
The copper nut and the screw rod are matched to reciprocate up and down in the machine body to generate transmission friction, meanwhile, the press machine applies impact force to the workpiece in the working process, and the teeth of the copper nut bear extrusion stress, shearing stress and bending stress. The normal service life of the copper nut is about 1 year, the copper nut has no conditions of cracking, tooth breakage and the like in the period, and the copper nut is stopped to be replaced when the tooth abrasion loss of the copper nut reaches more than 60% of the original tooth thickness. The short service life of the copper nut increases the accessory purchasing cost of a user on one hand, and on the other hand, the normal production arrangement of the user is delayed due to abnormal shutdown and replacement, so that not only is the time wasted, but also the production capacity is influenced.
The scrap of the copper nut mainly has the following reasons: 1) the abrasion loss reaches the preset abrasion loss; 2) axial cracking (shown in figure 1) and rotation cracking (shown in figure 2) of the copper nut; 3) and (5) breaking the teeth. The problem that the copper nut needs to be improved at present is that the copper nut has high strength and hardness while having excellent plasticity, and the mechanical property is uniform.
The copper alloy brand of the current copper nut is generally national standard ZCuZn26Al4Fe3Mn3, the tensile strength of the material is generally about 600MPa, the yield strength is about 300MPa, the hardness is about 130HB, and the elongation is about 13%, on one hand, the existing copper alloy has poor wear resistance due to low strength and hardness, the service life can only be maintained about 1 year, on the other hand, the copper nut is a cast finished product, subsequent extrusion processing and the like do not exist, and therefore, the problems of non-uniform mechanical property, poor comprehensive performance and the like caused by pores in a matrix, unreasonable phase composition control and the like under the condition of improper process control can be caused.
Therefore, there is a need for improved performance with respect to the problems with current copper nuts.
Disclosure of Invention
The first technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a copper nut with uniform mechanical properties, excellent plasticity and high strength and hardness aiming at the current state of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the first technical problem is as follows: the copper nut is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 56-63 wt%, Al: 2.5-6.5 wt%, Fe: 1.5-4.5 wt%, Mn: 1.5 to 4.5 wt%, and the balance of Zn and unavoidable impurities, wherein the microstructure of the copper nut comprises a matrix phase beta phase, an alpha phase and a Fe-rich K phase.
Cu is the essential element of copper nut, this application controls the content of Cu at 56 ~ 63 wt%, compare ZCuZn26Al4Fe3Mn3 copper content and reduce, corresponding Zn content improves, on the one hand, Cu content reduces and is favorable to the increase of matrix phase beta phase, improve the intensity, the hardness of matrix, improve the wearability, on the other hand, Cu content reduces and is favorable to reducing the cost of copper nut, but the plasticity of copper nut is reduced to the too high plasticity that can make of beta phase, consequently, this application controls the content of Cu at 56 ~ 63 wt%.
The copper nut has the advantages that a large amount of Al is dissolved in brass, the zinc equivalent coefficient is high, the alpha phase region is obviously reduced, the beta phase amount is increased, the beta phase of the brass can be stabilized to prevent brittle gamma precipitation, the strength, the hardness and the corrosion resistance of the copper nut are improved, the plasticity is slightly reduced, the copper nut is ensured to have higher elongation for realizing the strength of the copper nut, and the content of Al is controlled to be 2.5-6.5 wt%.
The solubility of Fe in the brass alloy is 0.1-0.2 wt%, after the content is increased, the Fe-rich K phase with high melting point of particles is precipitated during solidification and used as crystal nucleus to refine crystal grains, increase the number of the crystal grains in the alloy, change the shape of the crystal grains, prevent the growth of recrystallized crystal grains, and achieve the purpose of fine grain strengthening, thereby improving the strength, hardness and high-temperature plasticity of the alloy. However, the plasticity of the copper nut is reduced due to the excessively high Fe content, so that the Fe content is controlled to be 1.5-4.5 wt% in the application.
Mn is in solid solution in the brass alloy in a large amount, the zinc equivalent coefficient is low, the influence on the alloy structure is small, the solid solution strengthening effect is mainly realized, the strength, the hardness and the wear resistance of the alloy can be obviously improved, and the plasticity is not reduced. However, when the Mn content in the copper alloy is too high, the alloy performance is rapidly deteriorated, and the alloy tends to crack, so that the Mn content in the copper alloy is controlled to be 1.5-4.5 wt%.
The copper nut is characterized in that a beta phase is used as a matrix phase, the beta phase is of a body-centered cubic structure based on CuZn and provides strength, hardness and wear resistance for a copper alloy, the alpha phase is a copper-based solid solution and provides plasticity for the copper alloy, an iron-rich K phase is a main precipitation strengthening phase of the copper alloy, and the main precipitation strengthening phase is dispersed in the alloy after precipitation, so that grains are refined, the number of the grains in the alloy is increased, the shape of the grains is changed, the growth of recrystallized grains is prevented, the strength, hardness and mechanical uniformity are improved, and the alpha phase, the beta phase and the Fe-rich K phase are synergistic, so that the copper nut has excellent plasticity while the strength and hardness are improved, and the mechanical properties of the copper nut are uniform.
Preferably, the area ratio of the α phase to the β phase satisfies: the alpha phase/beta phase is more than or equal to 0.15 and less than or equal to 0.25, and the area fraction of the K phase is 2-5%.
In order to achieve the combination of high strength, high hardness and high plasticity, it is important to control the proportion of the alpha phase, the beta phase and the Fe-rich K phase, when the alpha phase/beta phase is less than 0.15, the plasticity of the material is poor, and when the alpha phase/beta phase is more than 0.25, the alpha phase in the matrix is increased, the strength and the hardness are reduced, the wear resistance of the copper nut is deteriorated, and therefore, the area ratio of the alpha phase to the beta phase satisfies the following conditions: alpha phase/beta phase is more than or equal to 0.15 and less than or equal to 0.25; when the area content of the K phase is more than 5%, the brittleness of the material is increased, when the area content of the K phase is less than 2%, the coarse and especially columnar alpha phases of the matrix are increased, and meanwhile, the dispersed needle-shaped alpha phases are also increased, so that the overall performance of the material is deteriorated, and therefore, the area fraction of the K phase is 2-5%.
Preferably, the α phase is dispersed in the β phase, the α phase is in the form of a bulk and a needle, and the area fraction of the needle-like α phase in the α phase is 5% or less. The morphology of the alpha phase has an important influence on the improvement of the mechanical property uniformity of the alloy, the morphology of the alpha phase comprises the shape and the distribution state of the alpha phase, the alpha phase is blocky in the application, the ideal state is approximately spherical, but the alpha phase is generally difficult to control and basically presents in blocky form, the shape is favorable for wear resistance and the improvement of the mechanical property uniformity of the alloy, the temperature rise of materials of the connected alpha phase in the friction process is fast and is not favorable for wear resistance, the connected alpha phase is easy to cause the nonuniformity of the structure and the stability of the mechanical property is poor, so that the alpha phase is controlled to be dispersed in the beta phase, and the wear resistance and the mechanical uniformity are improved. By sampling the scrapped cracked product and carrying out metallographic structure detection, about 25% of destructive acicular alpha phase exists in the structure, the existence of the acicular alpha phase causes coarse crystal grains of a matrix and uneven performance of the material, and stress is easily concentrated along the acicular alpha phase in the use process of the copper nut to cause cracking, so that the area fraction of the acicular alpha phase in the alpha phase is controlled to be below 5% in order to realize the uniformity of the performance of the material.
Preferably, the alpha phase size of the copper nut is controlled to be less than 10 μm; the K phase has an average diameter of 50nm or less. The alpha phase with small size in the copper nut is uniformly distributed in the beta phase, so that the material has good plasticity while realizing high strength and high hardness, and the performance of the material is more uniform, therefore, the alpha phase size of the copper nut in the application is controlled below 10 mu m; in the application, the K phase is dispersed in the matrix, the average diameter of the K phase is controlled to be less than 50nm, and the plasticity is not obviously reduced while the strength is improved.
Preferably, the copper alloy further contains Ni: 0.5 to 1.5 wt%, Co: 0.05 to 0.5 wt% of at least one.
Ni is continuously dissolved in the brass alloy in a solid manner, the zinc equivalent is negative, a beta phase region is reduced, an alpha phase region is expanded, the recrystallization temperature is increased, the grain size is reduced, the alloy melt is strengthened, the alloy strength is improved, and meanwhile, the plasticity and the wear resistance can be improved, but the increase of the Ni content increases the raw material cost, so that the Ni content is controlled to be 0.5-1.5 wt%.
Co is slightly soluble in copper in the brass alloy, prevents crystal grains from growing up in the smelting process, delays premature decomposition of solid solution, prevents crystal boundary reaction, simultaneously crystallizes and nucleates in the solidification and crystallization process, increases the number of crystal grains in the alloy, changes the shape of the crystal grains, reduces the size of the crystal grains, and improves the strength, plasticity, high-temperature friction performance and heat resistance of the special brass alloy. When the content of Co is more than 0.5 wt%, the effect of cobalt on further refining grains of the molten liquid is weakened, and hard points remained in the alloy reduce the plasticity of the alloy and influence the elongation, so that the content of Co is controlled to be 0.05-0.5 wt%.
Preferably, the tensile strength of the copper nut is 700-850 MPa, the yield strength is 360-530 MPa, the hardness is 160-180 HB, and the elongation is more than or equal to 16%.
The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for preparing a copper nut aiming at the current situation of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the second technical problem is as follows: the preparation method of the copper nut is characterized by comprising the following preparation processes: preparing materials before smelting, shaping → preparing materials, baking models → smelting → degassing molten liquid → pouring in a box-closing manner → cleaning and finishing in a box-opening manner → machining → quality detection; the material preparation and baking are divided into two stages, wherein the baking temperature in the first stage is 200-300 ℃, and the baking time is 4-5 hours; and in the second stage, the temperature is reduced to 145-155 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 3-5 hours. The high-temperature baking in the first stage can only primarily remove about 90% of water in the material and the model, and the water is not completely removed. The second stage of heat preservation is to ensure that the moisture of the material and the core part of the model gradually migrates outwards in the low-temperature heat preservation process, the residual moisture is fully removed, the absolute drying of the material and the model is ensured, and the realization of casting is guaranteed.
Preferably, the smelting degassing (oxygen, hydrogen) process is as follows: adding calcium boride into the melt, introducing high-purity argon into the melt for 1-3 min after boiling is stopped, and degassing, wherein the gas content of the degassed melt is below 4 ppm. According to the method, calcium boride and high-purity argon are used for degassing, so that the gas content in the molten liquid is reduced to be below 4ppm, and the macroscopic and microscopic porosity of the cast finished product is reduced.
Preferably, the pouring temperature is 1000-1100 ℃, the temperature of the mold before pouring is controlled at 80-120 ℃, the distance between a pouring ladle nozzle and a pouring cup is 50-70 mm, and the pouring time is 2-3 min. The pouring temperature is too low, the solidification speed is too high, the alloy melt is not beneficial to the compensation and the escape of gas and slag, the pouring temperature is too high, the solidification speed is slow, and the alloy melt is easy to absorb air from the air; the mold temperature is too low, the solidification speed is too high, feeding is not timely, the purpose of sequential solidification cannot be achieved, the mold temperature is too high, solidification is too slow, and gas is easily sucked in the solidification process of the alloy melt; the pouring ladle nozzle is too close to the pouring ladle cup, the molten liquid washes the pouring ladle cup, meanwhile, vortex flow is easily formed and gas is involved, and the pouring ladle nozzle is too far away from the pouring ladle cup, so that the molten liquid cannot fill the pouring channel and is easily brought into the gas; too short and too long pouring times can cause the alloy melt to be sucked in during the pouring process. The incomplete control of the technological process can cause casting defects such as air holes, slag inclusion and the like of castings and influence the uniformity of the nucleation process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: 1) according to the copper nut, the addition amount of copper is controlled, Al, Fe and Mn are added into brass, the content of the Al, Fe and Mn is controlled, the microstructure of the copper nut contains a matrix phase beta phase, an alpha phase and a Fe-rich K phase, the elongation is guaranteed while the strength and the hardness are improved, the Fe-rich K phase is dispersed in the alloy, crystal grains are refined, and the mechanical property uniformity of the alloy is improved.
2) The tensile strength of the copper nut is 700-850 MPa, the yield strength is 360-530 MPa, the hardness is 160-180 HB, the elongation is not less than 16%, the impact toughness is controlled to be more than 4J/m2, the comprehensive performance is excellent, and compared with the existing copper nut, the service life of the copper nut is prolonged by more than 6 months.
3) The grain of the copper nut is refined, the mechanical property uniformity of the alloy is improved, the hardness deviation of the head, the middle and the tail of the copper nut is controlled to be below 10%, and the risks of cracking and tooth breaking are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of an axial crack in a prior art copper nut;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a prior art screw-on crack of a copper nut;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic photograph of a copper nut according to example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a metallographic photograph of the copper nut in the comparative example.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
15 examples and 1 comparative example (ZCuZn26Al4Fe3Mn3) were selected, and the specific compositions are shown in Table 1. The embodiment adopts the preparation method to process the copper nut, and the preparation process flow is as follows: preparing materials before smelting, shaping → material, model baking → smelting → melting liquid degassing → box closing pouring → opening box cleaning → machining → quality detection.
The specific process comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials before smelting: ingredient preparation according to an embodiment;
2) baking the material and the model: the material and model baking is divided into two stages, the baking temperature in the first stage is 200-300 ℃, and the baking is carried out for 4-5 hours; in the second stage, the temperature in the furnace is reduced to 145-155 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 3-5 h;
3) smelting: adding cryolite and soda when the material is deposited into the furnace bottom, quickly heating to 1250-1300 ℃, preserving heat for 2-5 minutes, adjusting the temperature to 1110-1160 ℃, and injecting the molten liquid into a casting ladle;
4) degassing the molten liquid: pressing the dried copper pipe coated with calcium boride into the bottom of a ladle by using a graphite press spoon, so that the calcium boride and molten liquid generate a violent boiling phenomenon and are discharged along with gas and molten slag, after the boiling is stopped (the reaction duration is 1-2 min), namely, the reaction is finished, at the moment, inserting a dried graphite gas blowing pipe into the molten liquid, blowing argon for 2min, degassing and deslagging, analyzing the gas content in front of a furnace to be less than 4ppm, removing slag again, controlling the pouring temperature to be 1000-1040 ℃, taking a detection sample, and waiting for pouring;
5) pouring: the pouring temperature is 1000-1100 ℃, the temperature of a mold before pouring is controlled to be 80-120 ℃, the distance between a pouring ladle nozzle and a pouring cup is 50-70 mm, and the pouring time is 2-3 min;
6) opening the box and clearing: after cooling for more than 2h, opening the box, cleaning a pouring system and a batch seam, and marking the surface;
7) and (3) machining: sawing a dead head, turning on a lathe to machine the inner diameter and the outer diameter to prepare a commercial blank, marking the end face of a product, and warehousing;
8) and (3) quality detection: and (5) detecting the performance.
The mechanical properties, hardness, abrasion resistance, impact absorption power, and impact toughness were measured for 15 examples and 1 comparative example, respectively.
Mechanical properties: tensile test at room temperature according to GB/T228.1-2010 Metal Material tensile test part 1: room temperature test method was performed on an electronic universal mechanical property tester using a tape head specimen having a width of 12.5mm and a drawing speed of 5 mm/min.
Hardness: test according to GB/T231.1-2018 Brinell hardness test part 1: test method the test was carried out on a durometer using a ratio of the test force to the square of the indenter ball diameter of 10N/mm2Tests were carried out.
Wear resistance: the test is carried out on a testing machine according to GB/T12444-2006 test ring-test block sliding friction test method, a phi 50 annular sample is adopted, and the test speed is 0.4m/s and 0.6m/s respectively.
Impact absorption work, impact toughness: the test is carried out on a pendulum impact tester according to GB/T229-2007 Charpy pendulum impact test method, a V-shaped notch sample is adopted, and the impact energy is selected to be 100J.
The deviation of the head, the middle and the tail of the copper nut is | head hardness-tail hardness | + | head hardness-middle hardness | + | middle hardness-tail hardness |/3 × 100%. The hardness test of the head, the middle and the tail of the copper nut in the embodiment 1 shows that the deviation is 1%.
The working mode of the press machine is that the screw and the nut are matched to do up-and-down reciprocating motion, energy is transmitted to the sliding block, then the energy is transmitted to the workpiece through the sliding block, the workpiece is struck, teeth of the copper nut bear extrusion stress, shearing stress, bending stress and impact force, the tensile strength of the copper nut is controlled to be 700-850 MPa, the yield strength is controlled to be 360-530 MPa, the hardness is controlled to be 160-180 HB, the elongation is more than or equal to 16%, and the impact toughness is controlled to be 4J/m2Compared with the existing copper nut, the copper nut has the advantages that the risk of tooth breakage, deformation, cracking and the like is greatly reduced, and the service life is prolonged by more than 6 months.
The ZCuZn26Al4Fe3Mn3 copper nut material has high copper content, low strength and hardness, poor wear resistance and easy cracking.
Claims (6)
1. The copper nut is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 56-63 wt%, Al: 2.5-6.5 wt%, Fe: 1.5-4.5 wt%, Mn: 1.5-4.5 wt%, and the balance of Zn and inevitable impurities; the microstructure of the copper nut contains a matrix phase beta phase, an alpha phase and a Fe-rich K phase; the area ratio of the alpha phase to the beta phase satisfies: the alpha phase/beta phase is more than or equal to 0.15 and less than or equal to 0.25, and the area fraction of the K phase is 2-5%; the alpha phase is dispersed in the beta phase, the alpha phase is blocky and acicular, and the area fraction of the acicular alpha phase in the alpha phase is less than 5%; the alpha phase size of the copper nut is controlled to be below 10 mu m; the K phase has an average diameter of 50nm or less.
2. The copper nut of claim 1, characterized in that: the copper alloy further contains Ni: 0.5 to 1.5 wt%, Co: 0.05 to 0.5 wt% of at least one.
3. The copper nut according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: the tensile strength of the copper nut is 700-850 MPa, the yield strength is 360-530 MPa, the hardness is 160-180 HB, the elongation is not less than 16%, and the impact toughness is 4J/m2The above.
4. The method for preparing the copper nut as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the copper nut is prepared by the following steps: preparing materials before smelting → baking the materials → smelting → degassing of the melt → pouring → opening the box and cleaning → machining → quality detection; the material preparation and baking are divided into two stages, wherein the baking temperature in the first stage is 200-300 ℃, and the baking time is 4-5 hours; and in the second stage, the temperature is reduced to 145-155 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 3-5 hours.
5. The method for preparing the copper nut as claimed in claim 4, wherein the smelting degassing process comprises: and adding calcium boride into the melt, introducing argon into the melt for 1-3 min after boiling is stopped, and degassing, wherein the gas content of the degassed melt is below 4 ppm.
6. The preparation method of the copper nut according to claim 4, wherein the pouring temperature is 1000-1100 ℃, the temperature of the mold before pouring is controlled to be 80-120 ℃, the distance between a pouring ladle nozzle and a pouring cup is 50-70 mm, and the pouring time is 2-3 min.
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