CN112078433A - Low-temperature preheating device for vehicle power battery and control method thereof - Google Patents
Low-temperature preheating device for vehicle power battery and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112078433A CN112078433A CN202010899641.0A CN202010899641A CN112078433A CN 112078433 A CN112078433 A CN 112078433A CN 202010899641 A CN202010899641 A CN 202010899641A CN 112078433 A CN112078433 A CN 112078433A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/25—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by controlling the electric load
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
Abstract
The invention provides a low-temperature preheating device for a vehicle power battery and a control method thereof, wherein the low-temperature preheating device comprises: a power battery pack; the power battery pack is connected with the direct current bus capacitor through a first contactor; the power battery pack is connected with a first-phase stator winding of the driving motor through a second contactor; the temperature sensor is arranged on a temperature sampling point of the power battery pack; the direct current side of the motor driving inverter is connected with a bus capacitor, and the alternating current output side of the motor driving inverter is connected with a stator winding of a driving motor; the current sensor is arranged at the alternating current output end of the motor drive inverter; and the battery preheating control system is in control connection with the motor driving inverter, the temperature sensor, the current sensor and the contactor. The preheating control system switches the motor driving mode and the battery preheating mode by controlling the on-off of the first contactor and the second contactor, and the battery preheating control system can use the energy of the battery to heat without adding extra hardware equipment and cost input.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of battery thermal management, in particular to a low-temperature preheating device for a vehicle power battery and a control method thereof, and especially relates to a low-temperature preheating device for a vehicle power battery based on a motor and an electric control system and a control method thereof.
Background
The charging and discharging performance of the lithium ion power battery is rapidly deteriorated under the influence of low-temperature environment, the winter driving range of the electric automobile is seriously influenced, and the service life of the battery is permanently damaged. Therefore, in a low-temperature working environment, the power battery is preheated before the electric automobile is charged and normally runs, so that the battery cell reaches a normal working temperature range, and the working performance of the battery cell is improved.
The low-temperature internal preheating of the power battery is an effective means for ensuring the high-efficiency, lasting and safe operation of the power battery in a low-temperature environment. The power battery generates current through charging and discharging, and the current generates ohmic heat by using the internal resistance of the battery, so that the power battery is directly heated from the inside of the battery core. Through setting up the heat source inside electric core, can reduce the route of heat transfer, avoided the direct thermal coupling of heat source and external environment simultaneously, heat loses very little. Therefore, the internal preheating method has the advantages of high heating speed, high efficiency, uniform temperature distribution and obvious advantages and development potential.
The existing internal preheating method generally adopts alternating current for heating. In order to generate sine alternating current, the heating equipment has a complex structure and large volume and weight, and a sufficient installation space needs to be reserved on the electric automobile. Meanwhile, hardware of the battery heating equipment is expensive, and extra cost of the electric automobile is increased. Therefore, the volume and the cost become technical bottlenecks of the internal preheating system of the power battery, and the application possibility of the internal preheating method is greatly limited.
The patent document CN108312857A discloses a method for controlling the preheating of a vehicle battery, which comprises the following steps: acquiring residual electric quantity information and temperature information of a battery; comparing the remaining capacity of the battery with a predetermined capacity; comparing the temperature of the battery with a predetermined temperature when the remaining capacity of the battery is lower than a predetermined capacity; when the temperature of the battery is lower than a preset temperature, inquiring and determining a target charging pile and acquiring the distance from the vehicle to the target charging pile; calculating the safe electric quantity required by the vehicle to travel the distance; calculating an available power amount of the battery which can be used for battery preheating by subtracting the safe power amount from the remaining power amount of the battery; and the available electric quantity is utilized for preheating the battery. The present disclosure also relates to a system for controlling warm-up of a vehicle battery and a vehicle including the system. But the energy consumption efficiency of the scheme is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a low-temperature preheating device for a vehicle power battery and a control method thereof.
The invention provides a low-temperature preheating device for a vehicle power battery, which comprises a power battery pack, a direct-current bus capacitor, a driving motor, a motor driving inverter, a current sensor and a battery preheating control system, wherein:
the direct current side of the motor driving inverter is connected with a direct current bus capacitor, and the alternating current output side of the motor driving inverter is connected with a stator winding of a driving motor;
the power battery pack is connected with the direct current bus capacitor through a first contactor;
the power battery pack is connected with a first-phase stator winding of the driving motor through a second contactor;
at least one temperature sensor is arranged on a temperature sampling point of the power battery pack;
the current sensor is arranged at the alternating current output end of the motor drive inverter;
the battery preheating control system is in control connection with the motor driving inverter, the temperature sensor, the current sensor, the first contactor and the second contactor.
Preferably, the power battery pack comprises a ternary lithium battery or a lithium iron phosphate battery.
Preferably, the dc bus capacitor comprises an electrolytic capacitor or a film capacitor.
Preferably, the motor-driven inverter is composed of a plurality of power switching tubes, and every two power switching tubes are connected in series to form a phase bridge arm.
The control method of the low-temperature preheating device for the vehicle power battery provided by the invention comprises the following steps of:
temperature value sampling: the battery preheating control system periodically receives temperature sampling point temperature values sent by the temperature sensor;
a battery preheating working mode judging step: the battery preheating control system detects whether the current temperature meets the condition that the system is switched to a battery preheating working mode, if so, the first contactor is controlled to be disconnected, the second contactor is controlled to be closed, and the control step is carried out; if the detection result is negative, the action is not executed;
the control steps are as follows: the battery preheating control system outputs a PWM driving signal to control the motor driving inverter to convert the output voltage of the power battery pack into the charging voltage of the direct current bus capacitor through driving a motor stator winding.
Preferably, the condition for switching to the battery warm-up operation mode includes:
condition 1: the lowest temperature value in all the temperature sampling points is smaller than the temperature threshold value;
condition 2: the automobile is in a parking state; and
condition 3: the battery preheating control system receives a heating starting instruction sent by the vehicle-mounted ECU.
Preferably, in the controlling step:
the duty ratio rule of the PWM driving signal is as follows:
rule 1: the space ratio comprises a direct current component and an alternating current component;
rule 2: the maximum value of the duty ratio is 1, and the minimum value is 0; and
rule 3: the frequency of the duty ratio alternating current component can be adjusted at will and can be adjusted according to the specific parameters and the state of the power battery to be heated.
Preferably, the method further comprises a step of judging the machine driving working mode:
detecting whether the current temperature of the power battery pack meets the condition that the system is switched to a motor driving working mode, if so, controlling the second contactor to be disconnected and the first contactor to be closed; if the detection result is negative, the action is not executed.
Preferably, the condition for switching to the motor drive operation mode includes: and the lowest temperature value in all the temperature sampling points reaches the set temperature threshold value.
Preferably, after the system is switched to the battery preheating operating mode, the current sensor periodically sends a current detection value to the battery preheating control system, the battery preheating control system judges whether the current detection value is larger than the maximum allowable current, if the detection result is yes, the duty ratio of the PWM driving control signal is adjusted to make the current detection value smaller than the maximum allowable current, and if the detection result is no, no action is performed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the alternating current heating current is generated by mutually exchanging energy between the power battery and the direct current bus capacitor, the battery is preheated by Joule heat generated by the internal resistance of the battery, the energy released by the battery is basically used for heating, and the energy consumption efficiency is higher;
2. the invention preheats by the joule heat generated by the internal resistance of the battery, and the heating heat source is uniformly distributed in the battery pack, thereby realizing more uniform temperature distribution of the battery pack and eliminating larger temperature difference;
3. the invention utilizes the original motor of the electric automobile, the electric drive inverter and the direct current bus capacitor to form a power loop, does not need to add extra hardware equipment, saves the installation space on the automobile and has lower cost;
4. the preheating control method provided by the invention can adjust the frequency and amplitude of the battery heating current by adjusting the frequency and amplitude of the duty ratio alternating current part, is simple and flexible to control, has high reliability, and is not easy to cause safety accidents caused by overcurrent.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a topological structure diagram of a low-temperature preheating device for a vehicle power battery according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit analysis diagram of the low-temperature preheating device for the vehicle power battery in the battery preheating operation mode according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is an equivalent circuit analysis diagram of the low-temperature preheating device for the vehicle power battery in the motor driving operation mode according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a power battery preheating control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The figures show that:
power battery pack 1
DC bus capacitor 2
Motor drive inverter 4
Battery preheating control system 6
First flip-flop 7
Second flip-flop 8
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-temperature preheating device for a vehicle power battery based on a motor and an electric control system, which is provided by an embodiment of the invention, and the system comprises:
the power battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of battery modules in series/parallel, and the battery types include but are not limited to ternary lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries and the like;
the direct current bus capacitor provides a filtering function, and the types include but are not limited to electrolytic capacitors, thin film capacitors and the like;
the driving motor is used for providing power for the electric automobile, and the types of the driving motor include but are not limited to a permanent magnet synchronous motor, an asynchronous motor and the like;
the electric driving inverter is used for providing power for the driving motor and consists of six power switching tubes, wherein every two switching tubes are connected in series to form a phase bridge arm, and the types of the switching tubes include but are not limited to IGBT, MOSFET and the like;
the direct current side of the electric drive inverter is connected with a bus capacitor, and the alternating current output side of the three-phase bridge arm is connected with a stator winding of a driving motor;
the power battery pack is connected with the direct current bus capacitor through a first contactor;
the power battery pack is connected with a first-phase stator winding of the driving motor through a second contactor;
the temperature sensor is arranged on a temperature sampling point of the power battery pack;
a current sensor is provided at the AC output of the motor-driven inverter.
The battery preheating control system periodically receives a battery temperature sampling value sent by the temperature sensor, when the battery preheating working mode triggering condition is met, the battery preheating control system controls the first contactor to be switched off and the second contactor to be switched on, and the equivalent circuit topology is as shown in fig. 2. The electric driving inverter receives a PWM driving signal sent by the preheating control system, so that the battery and the direct current bus capacitor periodically exchange energy to generate alternating current charging and discharging current, and the alternating current charging and discharging current acts on the internal resistance of the battery to generate Joule heat, so that the temperature of the battery is increased.
During the preheating process of the power battery, the internal resistance is reduced along with the temperature rise, and the charging and discharging current of the power battery is increased along with the internal resistance. In order to avoid adverse effects caused by overcurrent, the preheating control system samples current information obtained by a current sensor and compares the current information with the allowable maximum charging and discharging current. And dynamically adjusting the duty ratio of the PWM driving pulse according to the actual working condition requirement, so that the heating current is adjusted to be below a safety threshold value.
When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the power battery is preheated to a preset temperature target value, the preheating system controller controls the second contactor to be disconnected, the first contactor is closed, the battery preheating working mode is ended, and the system is switched to the electric driving working mode. The equivalent circuit topology is shown in fig. 3.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a power battery preheating control method according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method specifically includes the following steps:
s1, the battery preheating control system periodically receives temperature sampling point temperature values sent by the temperature sensor;
s2, the battery preheating control system detects whether the current temperature meets the condition that the system is switched to the battery preheating working mode, if so, the first contactor is controlled to be switched off, and the second contactor is controlled to be switched on;
in the embodiment of the present invention, the determination condition of the battery preheating operation mode is specifically as follows:
the method comprises the following steps that 1, the lowest temperature value in all temperature sampling points is smaller than a temperature threshold value;
condition 2, the electric vehicle is in a parking state;
if the condition 1, the condition 2 and the condition 3 are simultaneously satisfied, the condition of switching to the battery preheating operation mode is satisfied.
And S3, outputting a PWM (pulse-width modulation) driving signal by the battery preheating control system, and controlling the electric driving inverter to convert the output voltage of the battery pack into the charging voltage of the direct-current bus capacitor through the stator winding of the driving motor.
In step S3 of the power battery preheating control method according to the embodiment of the present invention, the duty ratio of the PWM driving signal is characterized as:
characteristic 1. the duty cycle contains a direct current component and an alternating current component;
characteristic 2, the maximum value of the duty ratio is 1, and the minimum value is 0;
the frequency of the duty ratio alternating current component can be adjusted at will and can be adjusted according to the specific parameters and the state of the power battery to be heated;
further, after the system is switched to a battery preheating working mode, the current sensor periodically sends a current detection value to the battery preheating control system, the battery preheating control system judges whether the current detection value is larger than the maximum allowable current, if so, the duty ratio alternating current component of the PWM driving control signal is adjusted, and the heating current is adjusted to be smaller than the maximum allowable current; if the detection result is negative, the action is not executed.
And S4, detecting whether the current temperature of the power battery meets the condition that the system is switched to the motor driving working mode, if so, controlling the second contactor to be switched off, and controlling the first contactor to be switched on, otherwise, not executing the action.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the conditions for switching the system to the motor driving operation mode are specifically as follows:
and the lowest temperature value in all the temperature sampling points reaches the set temperature threshold value.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a vehicle power battery low temperature preheating device which characterized in that, includes power battery group, direct current bus electric capacity, driving motor, motor drive inverter, current sensor and battery preheating control system, wherein:
the direct current side of the motor driving inverter is connected with a direct current bus capacitor, and the alternating current output side of the motor driving inverter is connected with a stator winding of a driving motor;
the power battery pack is connected with the direct current bus capacitor through a first contactor;
the power battery pack is connected with a first-phase stator winding of the driving motor through a second contactor;
at least one temperature sensor is arranged on a temperature sampling point of the power battery pack;
the current sensor is arranged at the alternating current output end of the motor drive inverter;
the battery preheating control system is in control connection with the motor driving inverter, the temperature sensor, the current sensor, the first contactor and the second contactor.
2. The low-temperature preheating device for the vehicle power battery according to claim 1, wherein the power battery pack comprises a ternary lithium battery or a lithium iron phosphate battery.
3. The low-temperature preheating device for the vehicle power battery according to claim 1, wherein the direct current bus capacitor comprises an electrolytic capacitor or a film capacitor.
4. The low-temperature preheating device for the power battery of the vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the motor-driven inverter is composed of a plurality of power switching tubes, and every two power switching tubes are connected in series to form a phase bridge arm.
5. A control method of a low-temperature preheating device of a vehicle power battery based on any one of claims 1 to 4 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
temperature value sampling: the battery preheating control system periodically receives temperature sampling point temperature values sent by the temperature sensor;
a battery preheating working mode judging step: the battery preheating control system detects whether the current temperature meets the condition that the system is switched to a battery preheating working mode, if so, the first contactor is controlled to be disconnected, the second contactor is controlled to be closed, and the control step is carried out; if the detection result is negative, the action is not executed;
the control steps are as follows: the battery preheating control system outputs a PWM driving signal to control the motor driving inverter to convert the output voltage of the power battery pack into the charging voltage of the direct current bus capacitor through driving a motor stator winding.
6. The control method of the low-temperature preheating device of the power battery for the vehicle as claimed in claim 5, wherein the condition for switching to the battery preheating operation mode includes:
condition 1: the lowest temperature value in all the temperature sampling points is smaller than the temperature threshold value;
condition 2: the automobile is in a parking state; and
condition 3: the battery preheating control system receives a heating starting instruction sent by the vehicle-mounted ECU.
7. The control method of the low-temperature preheating device for the vehicle power battery according to claim 5, characterized in that in the control step:
the duty ratio rule of the PWM driving signal is as follows:
rule 1: the space ratio comprises a direct current component and an alternating current component;
rule 2: the maximum value of the duty ratio is 1, and the minimum value is 0; and
rule 3: the frequency of the duty ratio alternating current component can be adjusted at will and can be adjusted according to the specific parameters and the state of the power battery to be heated.
8. The control method of the low-temperature preheating device for the vehicle power battery according to claim 5, further comprising the step of judging the driving mode:
detecting whether the current temperature of the power battery pack meets the condition that the system is switched to a motor driving working mode, if so, controlling the second contactor to be disconnected and the first contactor to be closed; if the detection result is negative, the action is not executed.
9. The control method of the low-temperature preheating device of the power battery for the vehicle as claimed in claim 8, wherein the condition for switching to the motor drive operation mode includes: and the lowest temperature value in all the temperature sampling points reaches the set temperature threshold value.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the current sensor periodically sends a current detection value to the battery warm-up control system after the system is switched to the battery warm-up mode, the battery warm-up control system determines whether the current detection value is greater than a maximum allowable current, if so, the duty ratio of the PWM driving control signal is adjusted to make the current detection value smaller than the maximum allowable current, and if not, no action is performed.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010899641.0A CN112078433A (en) | 2020-08-31 | 2020-08-31 | Low-temperature preheating device for vehicle power battery and control method thereof |
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| CN202010899641.0A CN112078433A (en) | 2020-08-31 | 2020-08-31 | Low-temperature preheating device for vehicle power battery and control method thereof |
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| WO2022134266A1 (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-06-30 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Control method and apparatus, power system and electric vehicle |
| US11418143B2 (en) | 2020-12-24 | 2022-08-16 | Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited | Control method and apparatus, power system, and electric vehicle |
| CN114976370A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-08-30 | 长安新能源南京研究院有限公司 | Battery pulse heating control system, method, vehicle and storage medium |
| CN115366705A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-11-22 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Control method, device, equipment and system of charging and discharging circuit and storage medium |
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| WO2022134266A1 (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-06-30 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Control method and apparatus, power system and electric vehicle |
| US11418143B2 (en) | 2020-12-24 | 2022-08-16 | Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited | Control method and apparatus, power system, and electric vehicle |
| CN115366705A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-11-22 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Control method, device, equipment and system of charging and discharging circuit and storage medium |
| WO2023202304A1 (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2023-10-26 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Method and apparatus for controlling charging and discharging circuit, and device, system and storage medium |
| CN115366705B (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2024-03-22 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Control method, device, equipment, system and storage medium for charge-discharge circuit |
| CN114976370A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-08-30 | 长安新能源南京研究院有限公司 | Battery pulse heating control system, method, vehicle and storage medium |
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