CN112073965B - Physical layer key generation method, electronic device and storage medium - Google Patents
Physical layer key generation method, electronic device and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0868—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining
- H04B7/088—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining using beam selection
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a physical layer key generation method, electronic equipment and a storage medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: performing beam scanning through the coarse beams, determining each coarse beam pair, and sending a sending coarse beam sequence number in each coarse beam pair to a base station, so that the base station traverses the fine beams in the coarse beams and sends a channel state information reference signal to a user terminal; performing beam scanning on the thin beams in each thick beam pair together with the base station, determining the optimal thin beam pair in each thick beam pair, determining the beam number of each optimal thin beam pair by combining the channel state information reference signal, and uploading the beam number of each optimal thin beam pair to the base station; and generating a physical layer user key according to the beam sequence number of each optimal fine beam pair. Has lower signaling overhead and can effectively improve the generation rate and consistency of the keys of both communication parties.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a physical layer key generation method, an electronic device, and a storage medium.
Background
The Fifth Generation mobile communication (5G) is based on heterogeneous networking and a new wireless technology, and provides support for access of mass devices, rich wireless services, and rapid data traffic growth. Since the 5G mobile communication has a high data transmission rate, people can use the 5G mobile communication to transmit a large amount of key information including part of privacy data during use. If the private data cannot be properly encrypted, the security of the user may be hidden. Therefore, the development of 5G has made higher demands on the performance in terms of wireless communication security such as reliable transmission and privacy protection.
Two major branches of physical layer security are keyless security and key-based security. The keyless security can be realized by designing transmission coding strategies such as artificial noise, beam forming, trellis codes, and structured interference, but all of the above methods require that the complete Channel State Information (CSI) is known, and thus are difficult to be applied in the high-speed moving scenario. Generating a key according to the characteristics of a wireless channel is a method for realizing key-based confidentiality in a physical layer because the wireless channel has inherent properties of reciprocity, spatial variability, and temporal variation, and can be used for key development. The channel characteristics that may be utilized include the strength, envelope and phase of the received signal, the channel impulse response and channel frequency response, etc. The key-based physical layer security technology has low complexity and is easy to implement, so that the key-based physical layer security technology becomes an important research direction of 5G physical layer security at present.
However, in the prior art, the key generation rate is low and the key inconsistency rate is high in a large-scale mimo-mimo system, so how to better implement encryption under a 5G large-scale antenna system transmission model has become an urgent problem to be solved in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Embodiments of the present invention provide a physical layer key generation method, an electronic device, and a storage medium, so as to solve the technical problems mentioned in the foregoing background, or at least partially solve the technical problems mentioned in the foregoing background.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for generating a physical layer key, including:
performing beam scanning through the coarse beams, determining each coarse beam pair, and sending a sending coarse beam sequence number in each coarse beam pair to a base station, so that the base station traverses the fine beams in the coarse beams and sends a channel state information reference signal to a user terminal;
performing beam scanning on the thin beams in each thick beam pair together with the base station, determining the optimal thin beam pair in each thick beam pair, determining the beam number of each optimal thin beam pair by combining the channel state information reference signal, and uploading the beam number of each optimal thin beam pair to the base station;
and generating a physical layer user key according to the beam sequence number of each optimal fine beam pair.
More specifically, the step of performing beam scanning through the coarse beams, determining each coarse beam pair, and transmitting the number of the coarse beams to be transmitted in each coarse beam pair to the base station specifically includes:
performing beam scanning through the coarse beams, and determining an optimal coarse beam pair and a standby coarse beam pair in the coarse beam pair;
sending the sending coarse beam in the optimal coarse beam pair and the sending coarse beam serial number in the standby coarse beam pair to a base station;
wherein the coarse beam pair comprises a transmit coarse beam and a receive coarse beam.
More specifically, the step of generating the physical layer user key according to the beam number of the optimal fine beam pair in each coarse beam pair specifically includes:
calculating the selection probability of the optimal thin beam in each coarse beam pair to obtain the selected probability information of each optimal thin beam;
and performing Huffman coding and cascade processing on the beam serial number of the optimal fine beam pair in each coarse beam pair according to the selected probability information of each optimal fine beam to obtain a user key of a physical layer.
More specifically, the step of performing beam scanning on the fine beams in each coarse beam pair and determining the optimal fine beam pair in each coarse beam pair specifically includes:
scanning each coarse beam pair by a fine beam, and determining the fine beam pair in each coarse beam;
and the user terminal traverses the fine beam pairs in each coarse beam and determines a pair of transceiving beams with the maximum internal spectrum efficiency of each coarse beam pair as the optimal fine beam pair.
In a second aspect, another embodiment of the present invention provides a physical layer key generation method, including:
performing beam scanning through the coarse beams to determine each coarse beam pair;
acquiring a sending coarse beam serial number in each coarse beam pair sent by a user terminal, traversing a fine beam code word in each sending coarse beam to generate a channel state information reference signal, sending the channel state information reference signal to the user terminal so that the user terminal and a base station jointly determine an optimal fine beam pair in each coarse beam pair, and determining a beam number of each optimal fine beam pair by combining the channel state information reference signal;
and acquiring the beam serial number of each optimal beamlet pair, and generating a physical layer base station key according to the beam serial number of each optimal beamlet pair.
More specifically, the step of performing beam scanning through the coarse beams to determine each coarse beam pair specifically includes:
performing beam scanning through the coarse beams, and determining an optimal coarse beam pair and a standby coarse beam pair in the coarse beam pair;
wherein the coarse beam pair comprises a transmit coarse beam and a receive coarse beam.
More specifically, the step of generating the physical layer base station key according to the beam sequence number of each optimal beamlet pair specifically includes:
calculating the selection probability of the optimal thin beam in each coarse beam pair to obtain the selected probability information of each optimal thin beam;
and performing Huffman coding and cascade processing on the beam serial numbers of the optimal thin beam pairs in the coarse beam pairs according to the selected probability information of the optimal thin beam pairs to obtain a physical layer base station key.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor implements the steps of the physical layer key generation method according to the first aspect when executing the program.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the physical layer key generation method according to the first aspect.
According to the physical layer key generation method, the electronic device and the storage medium provided by the embodiment of the invention, the beam which is a newly added space dimension in the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam forming system is fully utilized, and the generation of the physical layer key can be synchronously completed in the processes of initial access and beam refinement based on the 5G NR existing beam management mechanism.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transceiver structure model for massive MIMO system key generation;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a physical layer key generation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for generating a physical layer key according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a key generation flow based on a 5G NR existing protocol framework according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a beam pattern of a DFT codebook according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a data diagram of the number of times that each beam of the base station and the user is selected in the search process after the second-stage beamlet search is completed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating key generation bit number simulation under a broadband millimeter wave ESV channel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a key inconsistency rate simulation diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a simulation diagram of average bit mutual information according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The physical layer key generation method described in the embodiment of the invention is a scheme oriented to a 5G large-scale antenna system, is suitable for communication encryption between a base station and a single user, and can be easily expanded to a multi-user scene.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transceiver structure model for key generation of massive MIMO system, which considers a downlink single-cell system with analog beamforming by both transceivers, as shown in fig. 1. The base station side (gNB) deploys NtAll the antenna units are connected to the same RF link through phase shifters respectively; the user side (UE) deploys NrThe antenna elements connect the same RF chain in the same way from antenna to antenna.
At the transmitting end (base station side), the transmission signal s has a dimension NtX 1 RF (analog) precoding vector fRFAfter analog pre-coding, the data can be coded by NtThe root antenna transmits in a beam. Therefore, the complex-valued signal transmitted by the transmitting end can be obtained by equation (1-1):
x＝fRFs (1-1)
wherein the transmission signal s must satisfy | s-2ρ is transmission power.
At the receiving end (user side), NrThe signal received by the root antenna has a passing dimension of NrX 1 RF (analog) combiner wRFAnd obtaining the data sent by the sending end after analog combination. The received data y may be given by:
wherein H is a dimension of Nr×σtThe channel matrix of (2). n is additive white Gaussian noise, obeys mean value of 0 and variance of sigma2Complex gaussian distribution.
Analog precoding vector fRFAnd the merge vector wRFThe design of (2) is usually realized by adopting a beam searching method based on a codebook. The simplest method is that the analog precoder and the combiner respectively traverse a predetermined beamforming codebook set, and select the optimal beamforming vector and the optimal combining vector which can maximize the spectral efficiency to respectively determine the analog precoding vector and the analog combining vector. The wave beam forming codebook set adopted by the invention is a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) codebook, and the weighting coefficient Q of the nth antenna in the mth code word in the codebookm,nIs given by the formula (1-3):
where M is the number of codewords, N is the number of antennas, and the codebook set is a set including all codewords.
The channel adopted by the invention is a broadband geometric millimeter wave channel, which can be called as ESV (Extended salt-Valencuela) channel, and the channel model is as follows:
wherein h [ d ]]Representing the MIMO channel response at d time delay,. epsilon.is the path loss, Clu represents the number of clusters, and the time delay of each cluster is taucluE.g., R, and angle of arrival (AOA) and angle of departure (AOD) θclu，
Each cluster having RlThe paths each having a relative time delay
And relative AOA/AOD offset
Is the complex path gain. p is a radical ofrc(τ) denotes the corresponding T in τ secondssA pulse shaping function for a sampling interval, expressed as follows:
wherein the roll-off coefficient beta is generally set to 1.
αUE(theta) and
the antenna Array structure adopted by the invention is a Uniform Linear Array (ULA), so the Array response vector at the base station side is defined as follows:
where λ is the wavelength, dsThe spacing of the antenna elements is typically half a wavelength. The array response vector a of the user side can be obtained by the same methodUE(θ)。
The path gain corresponding to the k-th subcarrier of the channel obtained from equation (1-4) is:
where D is the length of the cyclic prefix and K is the number of channel subcarriers.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a physical layer key generation method described in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, including:
step S1, beam scanning is carried out through the coarse beams, each coarse beam pair is determined, and the serial numbers of the coarse beams to be sent in each coarse beam pair are sent to the base station, so that the base station can traverse the fine beams in the coarse beams and send the channel state information reference signals to the user terminal;
step S2, the base station and the beam scanning are carried out on the thin beams in each thick beam pair, the best thin beam pair in each thick beam pair is determined, the beam number of each best thin beam pair is determined by combining the channel state information reference signal, and the beam number of each best thin beam pair is uploaded to the base station;
in step S3, a physical layer user key is generated from the beam number of each optimal beamlet pair.
Specifically, the beam scanning by coarse beams described in the embodiments of the present invention means that both the base station and the user terminal turn off part of the antennas and perform joint search, thereby determining each coarse beam pair.
The user terminal and the base station traverse the coarse beam codebook and determine 1 pair of optimal coarse beam pair PCBs which enable the maximum spectrum efficiencybest＝[TCBbest,RCBbest]And L-1 pairs of spare coarse beam pairs PCBspare＝[TCBspare1,RCBspare1,TCBspa,…,RCBspare(L-1)]Wherein TCBbestAnd RCBbestRespectively representing the best coarse beam pair PCBbestTransmit and receive coarse beams, TCBspar,RCBsparei( i e 1,2, …, L-1) represents the transmit and receive beams in each pair of alternate coarse beams, respectively.
In the embodiment of the invention, the user terminal sends the serial numbers of the sending coarse beams in each coarse beam pair to the base station, specifically, the user terminal sends the sending beams TCB in each pair of spare coarse beamsspareAnd the transmission beam TCB in the optimal coarse beam pairbestAnd (4) the beam number of (2) to the base station.
After the coarse beam search is finished, entering a fine beam search stage, at the moment, both the base station and the user terminal open all antennas, and the base station traverses the transmission beam TCB in the optimal coarse beam pairbestThe inner beamlets transmit Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS) to the user terminal, which traverses the RCBbestReceiving the code words of the medium-correlation fine beams, and selecting a pair of transceiving beams with the maximum spectrum efficiency as the maximumGood beamlet pair PFBbest＝[TFBbest,RFBbest]Wherein TFBbest，RFBbestRespectively representing the best beamlet pair PFBbestThe transmit and receive beams of (1).
Then the base station and the user terminal respectively carry out L-1 pairs of spare coarse wave beam PCBs according to the same stepsspareThe related fine beams contained in the system are subjected to traversal search, and the fine beam pair PFB with the maximum spectrum efficiency in each pair of spare coarse beams is obtained at the user sidespare＝[TFBspare1,RFBspare,TFBspar,…,RFBspare(L-1)]Wherein TFBspareiAnd RFBsparei( i e 1,2, …, L-1) respectively represents the transmission and reception beams in each pair of spare beamlets, and the transmission beam information thereof is obtained by the user terminal by solving the CSI-RS. Then, the user terminal sends the PFB through a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)bestAnd PFBspareThe included beam sequence number information is uploaded to the base station through the optimal beamlet pair.
User terminal determining PFBbestAnd PFBspareAnd in the key generation stage, the user terminal performs Huffman coding and cascade processing on the receiving and transmitting beam serial numbers of the L pairs of the thin beams based on the width of the beams through the determined L pairs including the optimal and spare thin beam pairs so as to generate a final user physical layer key.
The embodiment of the invention fully utilizes the newly added space dimension and beam in the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam forming system, and can synchronously complete the generation of the physical layer key in the processes of initial access and beam refinement based on the current 5G NR beam management mechanism.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the step of performing beam scanning by using the coarse beams, determining each coarse beam pair, and transmitting the number of the coarse beam to be transmitted in each coarse beam pair to the base station specifically includes:
performing beam scanning through the coarse beams, and determining an optimal coarse beam pair and a standby coarse beam pair in the coarse beam pair;
sending the sending coarse beam in the optimal coarse beam pair and the sending coarse beam serial number in the standby coarse beam pair to a base station;
wherein the coarse beam pair comprises a transmit coarse beam and a receive coarse beam.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the determining of the optimal coarse beam pair and the spare coarse beam pair specifically includes using a pair of coarse beams in each coarse beam pair, which maximizes the spectral efficiency, as the optimal coarse beam pair, and selecting the spare coarse beam pair from the remaining coarse beam pairs.
The spectrum efficiency formula in the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
wherein f isRFTo simulate precoding vectors, wRFFor merging vectors, H is a dimension Nr×NtChannel matrix of, NtFor transmitting the number of antennas, NrFor the number of receive antennas, ρ is the transmit power, σ2Is the variance.
In the embodiment of the invention, the optimal coarse beam is selected for communication between the base station and the user terminal through the optimal coarse beam before the beam thinning stage.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the step of generating a physical layer user key according to the beam number of the optimal beamlet pair in each coarse beamlet pair specifically includes:
calculating the selection probability of the optimal thin beam in each coarse beam pair to obtain the selected probability information of each optimal thin beam;
and performing Huffman coding and cascade processing on the beam serial number of the optimal fine beam pair in each coarse beam pair according to the selected probability information of each optimal fine beam to obtain a user key of a physical layer.
Specifically, the departure angles are uniformly distributed in [0,2 pi ] due to the arrival angles of the channels, and the beam center angles corresponding to each codeword are also distributed in [0,2 pi ], so that each beam in the codebook may be selected. But the probability of each beam being selected is different due to the difference in the beam width corresponding to each codeword. The larger the beam width, the greater the probability that the beam is selected. Therefore, in the present invention, the probability of each beam being selected is calculated based on the beam width, and the beam selection probability is defined as follows:
wherein N represents the number of all beams in the codebook, beam _ widthindexRepresenting the width of the index beam.
The probability of each beam being selected is in direct proportion to the beam width, and the coding efficiency can be effectively improved by adopting unequal-length Huffman coding. Specifically, the user performs huffman coding on the transmission beam serial number and the reception beam serial number corresponding to the ith pair of beamlets respectively to obtain an output code set THmi UEAnd Rhmi UEAnd post-cascading, further cascading the coding result of the L pair of the thin beams, and finally generating a secret key of the user side as follows:
KUE＝∪1≤i≤L(THmi UE∪RHmi UE) (1-10)
similarly, the base station end can also generate a Huffman coding code group corresponding to each transmission beam according to L pairs of fine beam information uploaded by the user
THmi BSAnd a code group RHm corresponding to each receive beami BSThe resulting key is:
KBS＝∪1≤i≤L(THmi Bs∪RHmi BS) (1-11)
assuming that no error occurs in the data reported by the user under ideal conditions, the keys generated by the user side and the base station side are completely consistent.
The embodiment of the invention effectively prevents the orthotopic eavesdropping through the key information of the Huffman coding.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a physical layer key generation method according to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, including:
s21, performing beam scanning through the coarse beams, and determining each coarse beam pair;
s22, acquiring a serial number of a coarse beam to be transmitted in each coarse beam pair transmitted by a user terminal, traversing a fine beam codeword in each coarse beam to generate a channel state information reference signal, transmitting the channel state information reference signal to the user terminal, so that the user terminal and a base station jointly determine an optimal fine beam pair in each coarse beam pair, and determining a beam number of each optimal fine beam pair in combination with the channel state information reference signal;
s23, obtaining the beam number of each optimal beamlet pair, and generating a physical layer base station key according to the beam number of each optimal beamlet pair.
Specifically, the beam scanning by coarse beams described in the embodiments of the present invention means that both the base station and the user terminal turn off part of the antennas, so as to determine each coarse beam pair.
The base station side and the user terminal traverse the codebook, and the base station side periodically sends a reference signal synchronization signal block SSB by using a coarse beam; base station obtaining optimal transmitting coarse wave beam TCBbestAnd L-1 spare transmit coarse beams TCBspare。
In the beam thinning stage, the base station firstly carries out TCBbestThe related fine beam code words are traversed to send CIS-RS, and the user terminal traverses RCBbestReceiving the code words of the medium-correlation thin beams, and selecting a pair of transmitting and receiving beams which enable the spectrum efficiency to be maximum as the optimal thin beam pair PFBbest. Then the base station and the user terminal respectively carry out L-1 pairs of spare coarse wave beam PCBs in turn according to the same stepsspareThe related fine beams contained in the system are subjected to traversal search, and the fine beam pair PFB with the maximum spectrum efficiency in each pair of standby coarse beams is obtained at the user terminalspare。
PFB of user after search endbestAnd PFBspareThe beam sequence number information is fed back to the base station through PUCCH. In the key generation stage, the base station and the user respectively perform Huffman coding and cascade processing on the receiving and transmitting beam serial numbers of the L pairs of the thin beams based on the width of the beams through the determined L pairs of the optimal thin beams and the standby thin beam pairs to generate a final physical layer base station key.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the step of performing beam scanning by using coarse beams to determine each coarse beam pair specifically includes:
performing beam scanning through the coarse beams, and determining an optimal coarse beam pair and a standby coarse beam pair in the coarse beam pair;
wherein the coarse beam pair comprises a transmit coarse beam and a receive coarse beam.
The step of sending the channel state information reference signal to the user terminal specifically includes:
and transmitting the channel state information reference signal to a user terminal through a fine beam included in a transmission beam of the best and spare coarse beam pairs.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the determining of the optimal coarse beam pair and the spare coarse beam pair specifically includes using one coarse beam pair, which maximizes the spectral efficiency, in each coarse beam pair as the optimal coarse beam pair, and using the remaining coarse beam pairs as the spare coarse beam pairs.
The spectrum efficiency formula in the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
wherein f isRFTo simulate precoding vectors, wRFFor merging vectors, H is a dimension Nr×NtChannel matrix of, NtFor transmitting the number of antennas, NrFor the number of receive antennas, ρ is the transmit power, σ2Is the variance.
In the embodiment of the invention, the optimal coarse beam is selected for communication between the base station and the user terminal through the optimal coarse beam before the beam thinning stage.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the step of generating a physical layer base station key according to the beam sequence number of each optimal beamlet pair specifically includes:
calculating the selection probability of the optimal thin beam in each coarse beam pair to obtain the selected probability information of each optimal thin beam;
and performing Huffman coding and cascade processing on the beam serial numbers of the optimal thin beam pairs in the coarse beam pairs according to the selected probability information of the optimal thin beam pairs to obtain a physical layer base station key.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, an implementation manner of performing huffman coding and concatenation processing on the optimal beamlet sequence numbers in each beamlet pair according to the selected probability information of each optimal beamlet is consistent with that in the above embodiment, and details are not repeated here.
The embodiment of the invention fully utilizes the newly added space dimension-beam in the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO beam forming system, and can synchronously complete the generation of the physical layer key in the processes of initial access and beam refinement based on the current 5G NR beam management mechanism.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a key generation process based on a 5G NR existing protocol framework according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the key generation process mainly includes three stages: an initial access stage, a beam thinning stage and a key generation stage. In the initial access stage, the base station side traverses the codebook and periodically transmits a reference signal synchronization signal block SSB by using a coarse beam; the user side traverses the codebook, receives using the coarse beam, and determines 1 pair of optimal coarse beam PCBs that maximize spectral efficiencybestAnd L-1 pairs of spare coarse beam PCBsspare。
Then the user accesses the system through PRACH according to the related flow in the 5G NR protocol, and in the accessing process, the base station can determine the best coarse beam TCB for sendingbestAnd L-1 spare transmit coarse beams TCBspare. In the beam thinning stage, the base station firstly carries out TCBbestThe user traverses the RCB by traversing the related fine beam code words to send CIS-RSbestReceiving with medium-correlation fine beam code wordSelecting a pair of transmit-receive beams that maximizes spectral efficiency as an optimal beamlet pair PFBbest. Then the base station and the user respectively carry out L-1 pairs of spare coarse wave beam PCBs in turn according to the same stepsspareThe related fine beams contained in the system are subjected to traversal search, and the fine beam pair PFB with the maximum spectrum efficiency in each pair of spare coarse beams is obtained at the user sidespare. PFB of user after search endbestAnd PFBspareAnd the beam sequence number information is fed back to the base station through the PUCCH. In the key generation stage, the base station and the user respectively perform Huffman coding and cascade processing on the receiving and transmitting beam serial numbers of the L pairs of thin beams based on the width of the beams through the determined L pairs including the optimal thin beam pair and the standby thin beam pair to generate a final physical layer security key.
In another embodiment of the present invention, fig. 5 is a DFT codebook beam pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, a diagram a in fig. 5 and a diagram b in fig. 5 are DFT codebook beam patterns of a base station and a user, respectively. Fig. 5, graph a, shows the beam pattern of 128 beamlets of the base station, and fig. 5, graph b, shows the beam pattern of 16 beamlets of the user. As is apparent from fig. 5, the beam width of each beam varies.
Fig. 6 is a data diagram of the number of times that each beam of the base station and the user is selected in the search process after the second-stage beamlet search is finished, where a diagram c in fig. 6 and a diagram d in fig. 6 are the number of times that each beam of all beamlets of the base station and the user is selected, respectively. The abscissa in the figure is the number of the beam; the ordinate is the number of times the beam is selected. Diagram c in fig. 6 is the number of times each of the 128 beamlets of the base station has been selected. Diagram d in fig. 6 is the number of times each of the 16 beamlets of the user has been selected. Simulation results show that the probability of each beam being selected is different, and the size of the probability of a beam being selected is related to the beam width. For example, in the diagram a in fig. 5, the center angle corresponding to the beam number 65 is ± 90 °, and the beam width is the largest, which corresponds to the diagram c in fig. 6, and it can be seen that the number of times the beam number 65 is selected is the largest; in fig. 5, the center angle of the beam No. 9 is ± 90 °, and the beam width is the largest, which corresponds to the diagram d in fig. 6, and it can be seen that the beam No. 9 is selected the most frequently.
Fig. 7 is a simulation diagram of the number of bits generated by the key in the wideband millimeter wave ESV channel according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 7, since the base station and the user perform beam search by using a combination of thick and thin beams, for convenience of description, m-n will be used to represent the number of thin beams included in the thick beam. For example, 8-4 indicates that one coarse beam transmitted by the base station includes 8 fine beams, and one coarse beam received by the user includes 4 fine beams. In simulation, a base station side is provided with 128 antennas and 1 RF link; the user side is equipped with 16 antennas and 1 RF link. The carrier frequency was 28GHz and the subcarrier spacing was 120 kHz. The base station and the user together determine 3 pairs of beamlets, which include 1 pair of best beamlets and 2 pairs of spare beamlets. To reduce the impact of the coarse and fine beam search on the fine beam selection, 3 more fine beams are searched when performing the fine beam search within each coarse beam. Taking 4-4 as an example, 4 beamlets are included in one originating coarse beam, but 7 beamlets near the center angle of the coarse beam are searched when performing beamlet search; the same applies to the receiving end. Assuming that a DFT codebook is used, the number of simulations is set to 1000. The abscissa in the graph is the signal-to-noise ratio in decibels; the ordinate is the key generation bit number, unit bit. Theoretically, the average code length corresponding to 128 beamlets at the transmitting end after huffman coding is 6.7026, the average code length corresponding to 16 beamlets at the receiving end after huffman coding is 3.7680, and there are 3 pairs of beamlets in total, so the number of generated key bits is theoretically 3 (6.7026+3.7680) to 31.4118. As can be seen from the figure, in the configurations of 4-4 and 8-4, after huffman coding is performed on the transmit-receive beam number information of the selected beamlet pair, the number of key generation bits is about 32, and the relative error from the theoretical value is within about 3%. In addition, the signal-to-noise ratio has less influence on the number of key generation bits; in the keys generated under the two configurations, the number ratio of the keys '0' to '1' is approximately 1:1, so that the randomness of the keys is ensured.
Fig. 8 is a simulation diagram of the key inconsistency rate according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 8, the key inconsistency rate refers to a ratio of key bit inconsistency between two parties of communication after the initial key is generated. The abscissa in the graph is the signal-to-noise ratio in decibels; the ordinate is the key bit inconsistency rate. It can be known from the figure that the key inconsistency rate is not good at low signal-to-noise ratio, and the key inconsistency rates of 4-4 and 8-4 configurations are reduced to below 1% in a communication environment with a signal-to-noise ratio of-10 dB, along with the obvious improvement of the increase of the signal-to-noise ratio.
Fig. 9 is a simulation diagram of average bit mutual information according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 9, the average bit mutual information is mutual information included in a unit bit and is defined as a ratio of the mutual information to a key generation bit number. The abscissa in the graph is the signal-to-noise ratio in decibels; the ordinate is the average bit mutual information. It can be seen from the figure that the average bit mutual information increases with increasing signal-to-noise ratio, and the average bit mutual information of the two configurations reaches above 0.9 at a low signal-to-noise ratio of-15 dB; at signal-to-noise ratios greater than-10 dB, the average bit mutual information of the two configurations tends to saturate.
The scheme of the invention has lower key bit inconsistency rate and higher average bit mutual information under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio, and is an effective physical layer key generation scheme under the condition of two-stage beam search.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 10, the electronic device may include: a processor (processor)1010, a communication Interface (Communications Interface)1020, a memory (memory)1030, and a communication bus 1040, wherein the processor 1010, the communication Interface 1020, and the memory 1030 communicate with each other via the communication bus 1040. Processor 1010 may call logic instructions in memory 1030 to perform the following method: performing beam scanning through the coarse beams, determining each coarse beam pair, and sending a sending coarse beam sequence number in each coarse beam pair to a base station, so that the base station traverses the fine beams in the coarse beams and sends a channel state information reference signal to a user terminal; performing beam scanning on the thin beams in each thick beam pair together with the base station, determining the optimal thin beam pair in each thick beam pair, determining the beam number of each optimal thin beam pair by combining the channel state information reference signal, and uploading the beam number of each optimal thin beam pair to the base station; and generating a physical layer user key according to the beam sequence number of each optimal fine beam pair.
Furthermore, the logic instructions in the memory 1030 can be implemented in software functional units and stored in a computer readable storage medium when the logic instructions are sold or used as independent products. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
An embodiment of the present invention discloses a computer program product, which includes a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, the computer program including program instructions, when the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer can execute the methods provided by the above method embodiments, for example, the method includes: performing beam scanning through the coarse beams, determining each coarse beam pair, and sending a sending coarse beam sequence number in each coarse beam pair to a base station, so that the base station traverses the fine beams in the coarse beams and sends a channel state information reference signal to a user terminal; performing beam scanning on the thin beams in each thick beam pair together with the base station, determining the optimal thin beam pair in each thick beam pair, determining the beam number of each optimal thin beam pair by combining the channel state information reference signal, and uploading the beam number of each optimal thin beam pair to the base station; and generating a physical layer user key according to the beam sequence number of each optimal fine beam pair.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing server instructions, where the server instructions cause a computer to execute the method provided in the foregoing embodiments, for example, the method includes: performing beam scanning through the coarse beams, determining each coarse beam pair, and sending a coarse beam sending sequence number in each coarse beam pair to the base station so that the base station can traverse the fine beams in the coarse beams and send a channel state information reference signal to the user terminal together with the base station; performing beam scanning on the fine beams in each coarse beam pair, determining the optimal fine beam pair in each coarse beam pair, determining the beam number of each optimal fine beam pair by combining the channel state information reference signal, and uploading the beam number of each optimal fine beam pair to the base station; and generating a physical layer user key according to the beam sequence number of each optimal fine beam pair.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A physical layer key generation method, comprising:
performing beam scanning through the coarse beams, determining each coarse beam pair, and sending a sending coarse beam sequence number in each coarse beam pair to a base station, so that the base station traverses the fine beams in the coarse beams and sends a channel state information reference signal to a user terminal;
performing beam scanning on the thin beams in each thick beam pair together with the base station, determining the optimal thin beam pair in each thick beam pair, determining the beam number of each optimal thin beam pair by combining the channel state information reference signal, and uploading the beam number of each optimal thin beam pair to the base station; the method for determining the optimal fine beam pair in each coarse beam pair includes the following steps: scanning each coarse beam pair by a fine beam, and determining the fine beam pair in each coarse beam pair; the user terminal traverses the thin wave beams in each thick wave beam, and determines a pair of transceiving wave beams with the maximum internal spectrum efficiency of each thick wave beam as an optimal thin wave beam pair;
and generating a physical layer user key according to the beam sequence number of each optimal fine beam pair.
2. The physical layer key generation method according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing beam scanning through the coarse beams, determining each coarse beam pair, and sending the number of the coarse beam transmitted in each coarse beam pair to the base station specifically includes:
performing beam scanning through the coarse beams, and determining an optimal coarse beam pair and a standby coarse beam pair in the coarse beam pair; sending the sending coarse beam serial number in the optimal coarse beam pair and the sending coarse beam serial number in the standby coarse beam pair to a base station;
wherein the coarse beam pair comprises a transmit coarse beam and a receive coarse beam; the determining of the optimal coarse beam pair and the spare coarse beam pair in the coarse beam pair specifically means that the user terminal and the base station traverse the coarse beam codebook, and determine that 1 pair of coarse beam pairs with the largest spectral efficiency is the optimal coarse beam pair, and the remaining coarse beam pairs are the spare coarse beam pairs.
3. The method for generating a physical layer key according to claim 2, wherein the step of generating a physical layer user key according to the beam sequence number of each optimal beamlet pair specifically comprises:
calculating the selection probability of the optimal thin beam in each coarse beam pair to obtain the selected probability information of each optimal thin beam;
and performing Huffman coding and cascade processing on the beam serial number of the optimal fine beam pair in each coarse beam pair according to the selected probability information of each optimal fine beam to obtain a user key of a physical layer.
4. A physical layer key generation method, comprising:
performing beam scanning through the coarse beams to determine each coarse beam pair;
acquiring a sending coarse beam serial number in each coarse beam pair sent by a user terminal, traversing a fine beam code word in each sending coarse beam to generate a channel state information reference signal, sending the channel state information reference signal to the user terminal, carrying out beam scanning on the fine beam in each coarse beam pair by the user terminal and the base station together, determining the fine beam pair in each coarse beam pair, traversing the fine beam in each coarse beam by the user terminal, determining a pair of receiving and sending beams with the maximum internal spectrum efficiency of each coarse beam as an optimal fine beam pair, and determining the beam number of each optimal fine beam pair by combining the channel state information reference signal;
and acquiring the beam serial number of each optimal beamlet pair, and generating a physical layer base station key according to the beam serial number of each optimal beamlet pair.
5. The method for generating a physical layer key according to claim 4, wherein the step of performing beam scanning through coarse beams to determine each coarse beam pair specifically includes:
performing beam scanning through the coarse beams, and determining an optimal coarse beam pair and a standby coarse beam pair in the coarse beam pair;
wherein the coarse beam pair comprises a transmit coarse beam and a receive coarse beam; the determining of the optimal coarse beam pair and the spare coarse beam pair in the coarse beam pairs is specifically to select one coarse beam pair having the largest spectral efficiency in each coarse beam pair as the optimal coarse beam pair and the spare coarse beam pair in the remaining coarse beam pairs.
6. The physical layer key generation method according to claim 4, wherein the step of generating the physical layer base station key according to the beam sequence number of each optimal beamlet pair specifically includes:
calculating the selection probability of the optimal thin beam in each coarse beam pair to obtain the selected probability information of each optimal thin beam;
and performing Huffman coding and cascade processing on the beam serial numbers of the optimal thin beam pairs in the coarse beam pairs according to the selected probability information of the optimal thin beam pairs to obtain a physical layer base station key.
7. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the physical layer key generation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 when executing the program.
8. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, which when executed by a processor implements the steps of the physical layer key generation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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| CN111224779A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-06-02 | 同济大学 | Physical layer key generation method and device based on codebook, storage medium and terminal |
| CN111342957A (en) * | 2020-02-13 | 2020-06-26 | 国网甘肃省电力公司信息通信公司 | Method and device for distributing CO-OFDM (CO-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) key based on Y-00 protocol |
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| CN111224779A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-06-02 | 同济大学 | Physical layer key generation method and device based on codebook, storage medium and terminal |
| CN111342957A (en) * | 2020-02-13 | 2020-06-26 | 国网甘肃省电力公司信息通信公司 | Method and device for distributing CO-OFDM (CO-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) key based on Y-00 protocol |
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