CN112073721A - High-efficiency non-I frame image coding and decoding method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-efficiency coding and decoding method for non-I frame images, wherein the coding method is to detect an original video sequence by adopting a preset division rule on the non-I frame images at an image level, determine the images similar to a static frame according to the preset division rule and set the identification bits of the images to be true, otherwise, set the identification bits of the images to be false, and write the identification bits into a code stream; for the current frame image with the frame level mark being 'true', each coding unit directly adopts a preset new coding mode for coding, and writes coding information of the preset new coding mode into a code stream; for the current frame image with the frame level marked as 'false', each coding unit still divides and pre-codes the coding unit of the image according to the originally set coding method, and writes the division information and the optimal coding mode information of each coding unit into the code stream. The invention can reduce the complexity of coding and decoding and can also improve the coding and decoding efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for compressing data, in particular to a high-efficiency non-I-frame image coding and decoding method.
Background
With the rapid development and wide popularization of technologies such as 5G, artificial intelligence, machine intelligence, man-machine hybrid intelligence, big data, cloud computing, edge computing and the like, various applications surrounding mass video data are brought forward. In 7 months in 2019, on a 127 th MPEG conference, the unification of machine vision-oriented compression coding and man-machine mixed vision-oriented compression and semantic representation, which are one of the next generation video coding and decoding directions, is provided. In the intelligent application facing human-computer mixing, once images and videos mainly comprising traditional natural images enter a computer or a robot, the images and videos are generally subjected to various processes of the computer, and more videos generated by the computer emerge. These videos are ubiquitous and will become one of the main multimedia incremental stream sources. Such as remote desktop, screen sharing in teleconferencing or remote teaching. A notable feature of such images, typically represented by screen sharing, is the presence of almost completely still frames (hereinafter referred to as "near-still frames") in the video sequence. For example, the same ppt in a remote teaching might be taught for several frames, with some frames being almost completely still or even completely still.
In order to further improve the coding efficiency of Video sequences, the latest international Video compression standard vvc (versatile Video coding) and the third generation digital audio/Video coding technology standard AVS3 in China adopt the following coding methods:
(1) on the one hand, a more flexible block segmentation technique is used in methods that follow the "block-by-block coding unit" of previous video standards (when coding a frame of picture, the frame of picture is divided into sub-pictures of blocks of MxM pixels, the sub-pictures are coded block by block). For example, AVS3 employs block partitioning of quadtrees, binary trees, and enhanced quadtrees. The size of the largest coding unit may also be extended to 128x 128.
(2) On the other hand, in the conventional hybrid coding framework, a plurality of coding modes are adopted for coding: and adopting different coding modes for the image coding blocks with different image contents and properties. In the VVC, AVS3 standards and their extensions, the encoding modes mainly include an Intra mode, an inter mode, an Intra Block Copy (IBC), a pattern mode, an Intra string Copy (prediction) mode, and the like. The Intra mode, Intra Block Copy (IBC), pattern mode, and Intra string Copy (prediction) mode are mainly used to remove spatial redundancy, and the inter mode is mainly used to remove temporal redundancy. These modes are divided into different coding sub-modes according to the direction of prediction, the size of the prediction block (PU partition sub-mode), the type of residual of prediction, etc. The number of intra modes in VVC standards extends from 33 to 65 as used in HEVC, for example. The inter prediction modes of the AVS3 standard include skip mode, direct mode, and other inter prediction modes. The skip mode includes sub-modes such as affine skip. The inter-frame coding mode is mainly used for low-delay coding configuration, and can refer to the information of the previously coded frame. The decoded pictures generally include at least an I picture (frame), a P picture, and a B picture. I picture (frame) refers to a picture decoded using only intra prediction; a P picture is a picture that can be decoded using a picture in the past in display order as a reference picture in inter prediction; the B picture may have a plurality of (past) reference pictures whose display order is before the current picture and a plurality of (future) reference pictures whose display order is after the current picture.
In the existing data compression technology, the following video compression methods are generally adopted: different image coding units of the non-I frame image are coded by sequentially adopting various existing coding modes in a video compression method, rate distortion values obtained by the modes are calculated, and the mode with the minimum rate distortion value is selected from the modes to be used as the best mode of the coding unit for coding, so that the coding efficiency is further improved. The existing coding and decoding method obviously increases the complexity of coding and decoding, and does not optimize almost complete static frames in a video sequence.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a high-efficiency non-I frame image coding and decoding method, which detects an original video sequence through a preset division rule at an image (frame level) level, judges whether a current frame is an approximate static frame, skips a coding unit division step and a rate distortion selection process of a part of coding modes for the current frame image belonging to the approximate static frame, thereby reducing the coding and decoding complexity, and adopts the preset coding mode for coding and decoding the approximate static frame.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the high-efficiency non-I-frame image encoding method disclosed by the present invention is:
a high-efficiency non-I frame image coding method, adopt the preset division rule to detect the original video sequence to the non-I frame image in the image level, confirm as the picture of the approximate static frame according to the preset division rule and set its identification bit as "true", set the image identification bit of the approximate static frame as "false", and write the identification bit into the code stream;
for the current frame image with the frame level mark being 'true', each coding unit directly adopts a preset new coding mode for coding, and writes coding information of the preset new coding mode into a code stream; for the current frame image with the frame level marked as 'false', each coding unit still divides and pre-codes the coding unit of the image according to the originally set coding method, and writes the division information and the optimal coding mode information of each coding unit into the code stream.
Further, the method for judging whether the frame is an approximate static frame according to the preset partition rule is as follows:
step 2.1: calculating the sum of absolute values of pixel difference values at the same position of the current coded image and the previous frame image, and expressing the sum by a symbol 'totalpixelDiff';
step 2.2: calculating the total pixel number of the current coding image, and using a symbol "totalpixelNO" to represent;
step 2.3: if the percentage of "totalpixelDiff" to "totalpixelNO" is less than or equal to the threshold A, the current coded image is determined as an "approximate still frame", otherwise, it is determined as an "non-approximate still frame".
Further, the threshold a is 0.
Further, the method for judging whether the frame is an approximate still frame according to the preset partition rule may further include:
step 4.1: taking a block with a fixed size as a unit, calculating the block number of which the total difference value of pixels at the same position of the current coding image and the previous frame image is zero, and expressing the block number by using a symbol 'zeroBlock NO';
step 4.2: calculating the total number of blocks of a current coded image in a fixed size, and representing the total number by a symbol 'totalblockNO';
step 4.3: if the percentage of "zeroBlockNO" to "totalblockNO" is equal to or greater than the threshold B, the current encoded picture is determined as "approximate still frame", otherwise, it is determined as "non-approximate still frame", where the threshold B is 0.99.
Further, the preset new coding mode adopts a coding mode which consumes the least number of coding bits, and the coding mode which consumes the least number of coding bits adopts an interframe prediction skip mode or one of the submodes of the interframe prediction skip mode.
The invention also provides a method for decoding the compressed data after being coded by each coding method, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a high-efficiency non-I frame image decoding method comprises the steps of adopting the compressed data coded by the coding method, analyzing a compressed data code stream, and obtaining frame-level identification information of a current image for the non-I frame image; if the frame level identification information is 'true', analyzing the preset new coding mode information, and setting the coding mode of each decoding unit as the preset new coding mode; if the frame level identification information is false, the partition information and the coding mode information of each coding unit are analyzed according to the originally set decoding method, and the coding mode of each decoding unit is set as the analyzed optimal coding mode.
Further, the analyzing the preset new coding mode refers to analyzing skip mode information and setting the coding mode of each decoding unit to be a skip mode.
Further, the analyzing the preset new coding mode refers to obtaining a repeated previous frame reconstruction pixel mode, that is, pixels of the current frame directly copy the reconstructed pixels at the same position of the previous frame, and the coding mode of each decoding unit is set as the repeated previous frame reconstruction pixel mode.
Further, the operation of repeating the previous frame reconstruction pixel pattern is directly derived from the frame-level identification of "approximate still frame".
The invention discloses a non-I frame image coding and decoding method, firstly detecting an original video sequence through a preset division rule at an image (frame level) level, judging whether a current frame is an approximate static frame, and skipping a coding unit division step and a rate distortion selection process of a part of coding modes for the current frame image belonging to the approximate static frame, thereby reducing the coding and decoding complexity; in addition, the method for coding the approximate static frame by adopting the preset new coding mode can solve the problem that the coding efficiency is low because a coding unit selects the optimal coding mode by mistake (certain errors exist in the reconstructed pixels) caused by adopting a mode selection mechanism based on the minimum rate-distortion value in the actual lossy coding.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an encoding method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a decoding method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
The embodiment first discloses a high-efficiency non-I-frame image encoding method, which is summarized as follows as shown in fig. 1: detecting an original video sequence by adopting a preset division rule on a non-I frame image at an image level, determining an image which is an approximate static frame according to the preset division rule, setting an identification bit of the image to be true, setting an image identification bit of the approximate static frame to be false, and writing the identification bit into a code stream; for the current frame image with the frame level mark being 'true', each coding unit directly adopts a preset new coding mode for coding, and writes coding information of the preset new coding mode into a code stream; for the current frame image with the frame level marked as 'false', each coding unit still divides and pre-codes the coding unit of the image according to the originally set coding method, and writes the division information and the optimal coding mode information of each coding unit into the code stream.
The above-mentioned method for determining whether the frame is an "approximate still frame" by using a preset partition rule provides two ways:
(1) presetting a first division rule mode:
step 1.1: calculating the sum of absolute values of pixel difference values at the same position of the current coded image and the previous frame image, and expressing the sum by a symbol 'totalpixelDiff';
step 1.2: calculating the total pixel number of the current coding image, and using a symbol "totalpixelNO" to represent;
step 1.3: if the percentage of "totalPixelDiff" to "totalPixelNO" is equal to or less than the threshold a (here, the threshold a is 0), the current encoded image is determined as an "approximate still frame", otherwise, it is determined as an "approximate still frame".
(2) Presetting a division rule mode II:
step 2.1: taking a block with a fixed size as a unit, calculating the block number of which the total difference value of pixels at the same position of the current coding image and the previous frame image is zero, and expressing the block number by using a symbol 'zeroBlock NO';
step 2.2: calculating the total number of blocks of a current coded image in a fixed size, and representing the total number by a symbol 'totalblockNO';
step 2.3: if the percentage of "zeroBlockNO" to "totalBlockNO" is equal to or greater than the threshold B (here, the threshold B is 0.99), the current encoded image is determined as "approximate still frame", otherwise, it is determined as "non-approximate still frame".
The preset new coding modes mentioned in the above coding method may also adopt the following modes respectively:
presetting a new coding mode one: and adopting an encoding mode which consumes the least number of encoding bits, such as adopting an interframe prediction skip mode or adopting one of the submodes of the interframe prediction skip mode.
Presetting a new coding mode two: adopting a repeated previous frame reconstruction pixel mode, namely directly copying the pixels of the current frame to the reconstructed pixels at the same positions of the previous frame, such as: the operation of repeating the previous frame reconstruction pixel pattern is derived directly from the frame-level identification of the "approximate still frame".
The optimal coding mode mentioned in the above coding method may adopt one of the following modes or a mode formed by a combination of a plurality of the following modes: an intra prediction mode, or an inter prediction mode, or an IBC mode, or a Palette mode.
The embodiment also provides a decoding method for the compressed data after being encoded by each of the above encoding methods, and the decoding method is shown in fig. 2 and summarized as follows: analyzing the compressed data code stream coded by the coding method, and acquiring the frame-level identification information of the current image for the non-I-frame image; if the frame level identification information is 'true', analyzing the preset new coding mode information, and setting the coding mode of each decoding unit as the preset new coding mode; if the frame level identification information is false, the partition information and the coding mode information of each coding unit are analyzed according to the originally set decoding method, and the coding mode of each decoding unit is set as the analyzed optimal coding mode.
In order to clearly show the encoding and decoding method provided in this embodiment, two specific embodiments are given below for showing:
example 1:
the coding method comprises the following steps:
step 1: at the image (frame level) level, for non-I-frame images, the following preset partitioning rules and sub-steps are adopted to detect the original video sequence. If the picture of the frame before the current frame is detected to be an almost completely static frame (namely an approximate static frame), setting a flag bit pic _ is _ still _ flag to be true, otherwise, setting the pic _ is _ still _ flag to be false, and writing the flag bit into the code stream:
substep 1: calculating the sum of absolute values of pixel difference values at the same position of the current coded image and the previous frame image, and recording as totalpixelDiff;
substep 2: calculating the total pixel number of the current coding image and recording as totalpixelNO;
substep 3: according to the percentage proportion of totalpixelDiff to totalpixelNO, when the proportion is less than or equal to the threshold A, the current coded picture is set as an almost completely still frame, otherwise, the current coded picture is set as a non-almost completely still frame.
If totalpixelDiff/totalpixelNO < ═ A, then
pic_is_still_flag＝true.
Otherwise
pic_is_still_flag＝false.
Step 2: and according to the frame level identification information, when the pic _ is _ still _ flag frame level identification is true, setting each coding unit of the current frame image as a skip mode for coding, and writing the coding information of the skip mode into a code stream, otherwise, dividing and pre-coding the coding units of the image according to the original coding method, and dividing and pre-coding the coding units of the image according to the original coding method.
If pic _ is _ still _ flag is true, then
Coding according to a skip mode;
writing the information of the skip mode into a code stream;
otherwise
Dividing and pre-coding units of the image according to an original coding method;
and writing the division information and the optimal coding mode information of each coding unit into a code stream.
The decoding method after coding corresponding to the coding method is as follows:
step 1: analyzing the compressed data code stream, and acquiring information of whether the current image is an almost-complete still frame level identification pic _ is _ still _ flag or not for the non-I frame image;
step 2: when the picture is almost completely static frame level mark is true, analyzing skip mode information and setting the coding mode of each coding unit as skip mode, otherwise, analyzing the partition information and the coding mode information of each coding unit according to the original decoding method:
if pic _ is _ still _ flag is true, then
Analyzing the compressed data code stream to obtain skip mode information;
setting the coding mode of each decoding unit to a skip mode;
if not, then,
analyzing the division information and the optimal coding mode information of each coding unit according to the original decoding method;
and setting the coding mode of each decoding unit as the analyzed optimal coding mode.
Example 2:
the coding method comprises the following steps:
step 1: at the image (frame level) level, for non-I-frame images, the following preset partitioning rules and sub-steps are adopted to detect the original video sequence. If the current frame and the previous frame are detected to be almost completely static frames, setting a flag bit such as pic _ is _ still _ flag to be true, otherwise setting pic _ is _ still _ flag to be false, and writing the flag bit into a code stream:
substep 1: taking a block with a fixed size as a unit, calculating the block number of which the total difference value of pixels at the same position of the current coding image and the previous frame image is zero, and recording as zeroBlock NO;
substep 2: calculating the total number of blocks of the current coding image in a fixed size, and recording the total number as totalblockNO;
substep 3: according to the percentage of zeroBlockNO in totalbockNO, when the ratio is greater than or equal to the threshold B, the current coded picture is set as an almost completely still frame, otherwise, the current coded picture is set as a non-almost completely still frame.
If zeroBlockNO/totalbockNO > - < B, then
pic_is_still_flag＝true.
Otherwise
pic_is_still_flag＝false.
Step 2: and according to the frame level identification information, when the pic _ is _ still _ flag frame level identification is true, setting each coding unit of the current frame image as a previous frame reconstruction pixel mode for coding, writing coding information for repeating the previous frame reconstruction pixel mode into a code stream, otherwise, dividing and pre-coding the coding units of the image according to the original coding method, and dividing and pre-coding the coding units of the image according to the original coding method.
If pic _ is _ still _ flag is true, then
Coding according to a repeated previous frame reconstruction pixel mode;
writing the information of the repeated previous frame reconstruction pixel mode into a code stream;
otherwise
Dividing and pre-coding units of the image according to an original coding method;
and writing the division information and the optimal coding mode information of each coding unit into a code stream.
The decoding method after coding corresponding to the coding method is as follows:
step 1: analyzing the compressed data code stream, and acquiring information of whether the current image is an almost-complete still frame level identification pic _ is _ still _ flag or not for the non-I frame image;
step 2: when the image is almost completely still frame level identification is true, analyzing and repeating the previous frame reconstruction pixel mode information and setting the coding mode of each coding unit as the previous frame reconstruction pixel mode, otherwise, analyzing the partition information and the coding mode information of each coding unit according to the original decoding method:
if pic _ is _ still _ flag is true, then:
analyzing the compressed data code stream to obtain repeated previous frame reconstruction pixel mode information;
setting the coding mode of each decoding unit to repeat the reconstruction pixel mode of the previous frame;
if not, then,
analyzing the division information and the optimal coding mode information of each coding unit according to the original decoding method;
and setting the coding mode of each decoding unit as the analyzed optimal coding mode.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A method for efficient encoding of non-I-frame pictures, characterized by: detecting an original video sequence by adopting a preset division rule on a non-I frame image at an image level, determining the image similar to a static frame according to the preset division rule, setting an identification bit of the image to be true, setting an image identification bit of the non-similar static frame to be false, and writing the identification bit into a code stream;
for the current frame image with the frame level mark being 'true', each coding unit directly adopts a preset new coding mode for coding, and writes coding information of the preset new coding mode into a code stream; for the current frame image with the frame level marked as 'false', each coding unit still divides and pre-codes the coding unit of the image according to the originally set coding method, and writes the division information and the optimal coding mode information of each coding unit into the code stream.
2. A method for efficient coding of non-I-frame pictures as claimed in claim 1, characterized by: the method for judging whether the frame is an approximate static frame by the preset division rule is as follows:
step 2.1: calculating the sum of absolute values of pixel difference values at the same position of the current coded image and the previous frame image, and expressing the sum by a symbol 'totalpixelDiff';
step 2.2: calculating the total pixel number of the current coding image, and using a symbol "totalpixelNO" to represent;
step 2.3: if the percentage of "totalpixelDiff" to "totalpixelNO" is less than or equal to the threshold A, the current coded image is determined as an "approximate still frame", otherwise, it is determined as an "non-approximate still frame".
3. A method for efficient coding of non-I-frame pictures as claimed in claim 2, characterized by: the threshold value a is 0.
4. A method for efficient coding of non-I-frame pictures as claimed in claim 1, characterized by: the method for judging whether the frame is an approximate static frame by the preset division rule is as follows:
step 4.1: taking a block with a fixed size as a unit, calculating the block number of which the total difference value of pixels at the same position of the current coding image and the previous frame image is zero, and expressing the block number by using a symbol 'zeroBlock NO';
step 4.2: calculating the total number of blocks of a current coded image in a fixed size, and representing the total number by a symbol 'totalblockNO';
step 4.3: if the percentage of "zeroBlockNO" to "totalblockNO" is equal to or greater than the threshold B, the current encoded picture is determined as "approximate still frame", otherwise, it is determined as "non-approximate still frame", where the threshold B is 0.99.
5. A method for efficient coding of non-I-frame pictures as claimed in claim 1, characterized by: the preset new coding mode adopts a coding mode which consumes the least number of coding bits, and the coding mode which consumes the least number of coding bits adopts an interframe prediction skip mode or one of submodes of the interframe prediction skip mode.
6. A method for efficient decoding of non-I-frame pictures, characterized by: the method comprises the steps of adopting the compressed data coded by the coding method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, analyzing a compressed data code stream, and obtaining the frame-level identification information of the current image for the non-I frame image; if the frame level identification information is 'true', analyzing the preset new coding mode information, and setting the coding mode of each decoding unit as the preset new coding mode; if the frame level identification information is false, the partition information and the coding mode information of each coding unit are analyzed according to the originally set decoding method, and the coding mode of each decoding unit is set as the analyzed optimal coding mode.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises: and the step of analyzing the preset new coding mode refers to analyzing skip mode information and setting the coding mode of each decoding unit as a skip mode.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises: the analyzing the preset new coding mode refers to obtaining a repeated previous frame reconstruction pixel mode, namely, pixels of a current frame directly copy the reconstructed pixels at the same positions of the previous frame, and the coding mode of each decoding unit is set to be the repeated previous frame reconstruction pixel mode.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises: the operation of repeating the previous frame reconstruction pixel pattern is derived directly from the frame-level identification of the "approximate still frame".
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