CN112072818A - Rotor, asynchronous motor and compressor - Google Patents
Rotor, asynchronous motor and compressor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112072818A CN112072818A CN202010896813.9A CN202010896813A CN112072818A CN 112072818 A CN112072818 A CN 112072818A CN 202010896813 A CN202010896813 A CN 202010896813A CN 112072818 A CN112072818 A CN 112072818A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- motor
- guide
- bars
- rotor core
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/12—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/32—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
- H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
- H02K17/16—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors
- H02K17/165—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors characterised by the squirrel-cage or other short-circuited windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
- H02K3/50—Fastening of winding heads, equalising connectors, or connections thereto
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
Abstract
The invention provides a rotor, an asynchronous motor and a compressor, wherein the rotor comprises a rotor core sleeved on a rotating shaft and end rings positioned at two axial ends of the rotor core, a plurality of guide bar grooves which are through along the axial direction of the rotor core are constructed on the rotor core, guide bars are arranged in the guide bar grooves, a rotor squirrel cage structure is formed by the plurality of guide bars and the end rings, when the rotor is static, the guide bars are positioned at a first position close to the rotating shaft, when the rotor rotates, the guide bars are positioned at a second position far away from the rotating shaft, and the guide bars can move between the first position and the second position. According to the rotor, the asynchronous motor and the compressor, when the motor is started or the rotor is static, the conducting bars are located at the first position, so that magnetic leakage and leakage reactance of a rotor iron core in the initial starting stage are improved, further, the starting current of the motor is reduced, and the starting inertia of the motor can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of motor manufacturing, and particularly relates to a rotor, an asynchronous motor and a compressor.
Background
In the present motor industry, asynchronous motor still application range is very wide, and although permanent-magnet machine use amount is also increasing, permanent-magnet machine is because of its needs use the permanent magnet, and the motor price is comparatively expensive, and the permanent magnet demagnetization very easily, and motor safety and stability can't obtain guaranteeing, and permanent-magnet machine generally matches the controller and uses together simultaneously, makes the whole volume of motor increase, and above not enough leads to still needing to use three-phase asynchronous motor as the drive under many occasions.
The working principle of the three-phase asynchronous motor is as follows: when three-phase symmetrical current is introduced into the stator winding, fundamental wave rotating magnetomotive force is established in the air gap, so that a fundamental wave rotating magnetic field is generated, the fundamental wave rotating magnetic field generates corresponding current in the short-circuited rotor cage, and the current interacts with the rotating magnetic field in the air gap to generate electromagnetic torque. Because the rotor current is the induced current, the rotor speed is 0 at the starting moment of the motor, the asynchronous motor presents short-circuit impedance Zk to a power grid, the current flowing through the asynchronous motor is the starting current, the starting current is generally 4-7 times of the rated current, the power grid is greatly impacted, and meanwhile, the starting current generates loss in the circuit and the motor to cause heating.
In order to reduce the starting current, the three-phase asynchronous motor generally uses a rotor double-cage groove or deep groove structure, and the starting current of the motor is reduced by using a skin effect.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a rotor, an asynchronous motor, and a compressor, in which when the motor is started or the rotor is stationary, the position of the conducting bar at the first position improves magnetic leakage and leakage reactance of the rotor core at the initial stage of starting, and further reduces the starting current of the motor, and can reduce the starting inertia of the motor.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a rotor, including a rotor core sleeved on a rotating shaft and end rings at two axial ends of the rotor core, wherein a plurality of bar guiding grooves running through the rotor core in the axial direction are formed on the rotor core, a plurality of bars are arranged in the bar guiding grooves, the plurality of bars and the end rings form a rotor cage structure, when the rotor is stationary, the bars are in a first position close to the rotating shaft, when the rotor rotates, the bars are in a second position far from the rotating shaft, and the bars can move between the first position and the second position.
Optionally, an elastic member is disposed in the guide bar groove, the elastic member is located on a first groove wall of the guide bar groove, and the first groove wall is a groove wall of the guide bar groove located on a radial outer side of the rotor core.
Optionally, the elastic component includes an elastic support, the elastic support has a connecting portion connected with the first groove wall and elastic support portions located at two sides of the connecting portion, an included angle is formed between the elastic support portions, and an opening of the included angle faces the guide bar.
Optionally, the elastic stent has an elastic modulus μ,
Optionally, the end ring is configured with a plurality of sliding grooves, ends of two ends of the plurality of guide bars are respectively and correspondingly slidably connected in the sliding grooves, and a length of the sliding grooves in a radial direction of the rotor core is adapted to the first position and the second position.
Optionally, the chute bottom wall of the chute has a through-flow hole therein, the through-flow hole being disposed in correspondence with the first position.
Optionally, a plurality of through slots are configured on the end ring, and two ends of the plurality of conducting bars are respectively and correspondingly slidably connected in the through slots, and the length of the through slots in the radial direction of the rotor core is adapted to the first position and the second position.
Optionally, the end of at least one end of the conducting bar protrudes from the outer end face of the end ring on the side corresponding to the end of the conducting bar.
Optionally, the peripheral wall of the guide bar is provided with a flange, the peripheral wall of the through groove is provided with a groove, and the flange is embedded in the groove.
Optionally, when the rotor rotates at a rated rotation speed, a side of the conducting bar away from the rotation shaft is in contact with a radially outer slot wall of the through slot.
The invention also provides an asynchronous motor which comprises the rotor.
The invention also provides a compressor which comprises the asynchronous motor.
According to the rotor, the asynchronous motor and the compressor, when the motor is in a static state, the conducting bars are located at the first position, namely, the conducting bars are concentrated at the bottom of the conducting bar grooves, at the starting moment of the motor, the motor is in a short-circuit running state, the current of the stator and the rotor is greatly increased, the magnetic potential of the stator winding is in direct proportion to the current, the magnetic force lines flow from the rotor groove opening and the conducting bar grooves, the magnetic leakage of the rotor of the motor is increased, the leakage reactance of the rotor of the motor is increased, and accordingly, the leakage reactance of the rotor of the motor is increased, and the corresponding starting current is obviously reduced when the.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a structure of a rotor according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a partial structure of an end ring is schematically shown, and actually, it is a right circular ring shape;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal cross-section of a rotor according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the conducting bars are shown in a first position, in which the rotor is at rest or initially rotating;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the internal cross-sectional structure of a rotor according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the conducting bars are shown in a second position, the rotor is in a rotating state, the conducting bars are moved from the first position to the second position by centrifugal force, and the process of heat dissipation from the external air flow to the inside of the rotor core through the through holes is also shown;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an inner cross-sectional structure of a rotor according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which both ends of the conducting bars protrude from the outer end surface of the corresponding end ring;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of end bending of the stator winding in fig. 1, in which both axial ends of the stator winding are flattened and bent;
FIG. 6 is a magnetic flux leakage path diagram of the embodiment of the present invention when the rotor is at rest or at the beginning of rotation and the conducting bars are in the first position;
fig. 7 is a simulation diagram of a leakage magnetic circuit when the conducting bars are in the first position when the rotor is at a standstill or at the beginning of rotation in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a simulation diagram of the leakage magnetic path when the rotor rotates to reach the rated speed and the conducting bars are located at the second position in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 9 is a starting current curve of a motor using the technical solution of the present invention and a motor not using the technical solution of the present invention.
The reference numerals are represented as:
1. a rotor core; 11. a guide bar groove; 111. a first slot wall; 2. an end ring; 21. a chute; 22. a through-flow aperture; 23. a through groove; 3. conducting bars; 5. an elastic member; 51. a connecting portion; 52. an elastic support part.
Detailed Description
The motor starting current formula is as follows:
in the formula of U1A motor stator phase voltage; r1A stator winding phase resistance when starting; r2' is a rotor resistance conversion value at the time of starting; x1σThe leakage reactance of the stator is generated during starting; x2σ' is the rotor leakage reactance conversion value at the starting time.
The inventor of the above formula finds that when the leakage path of the motor rotor becomes larger, the leakage flux and the leakage reactance increase, and the motor starting current is reduced.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1 to 9 in combination, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a rotor is provided, which includes a rotor core 1 sleeved on a rotating shaft and end rings 2 at two axial ends of the rotor core 1, a plurality of bar guide slots 11 penetrating along an axial direction of the rotor core 1 are configured on the rotor core 1, a bar guide 3 is disposed in the bar guide slots 11, the bar guide 3 is, for example, an aluminum bar or a copper bar, the plurality of bar guides 3 and the end rings 2 form a rotor cage structure, when the rotor is stationary, the bar guide 3 is at a first position close to the rotating shaft, when the rotor is rotating, the bar guide 3 is at a second position far away from the rotating shaft, and the bar guide 3 is capable of moving between the first position and the second position. In the technical scheme, when the motor is in a static state, the conducting bars 3 are in a first position, namely, the conducting bars are concentrated at the bottom of the conducting bar slot 11 (a slot wall on one side close to a rotating shaft), at the moment of starting the motor, the motor is in a short-circuit operation state, the current of a stator and a rotor is greatly increased, the magnetic potential of a stator winding is in direct proportion to the current, as shown in fig. 6, magnetic lines of force flow from a rotor slot opening and the conducting bar slot 11 (the radial outer side of the conducting bars 3 and the radial outer slot wall of the conducting bar slot 11, namely, an air slot is formed between the first slot wall 111 in the following text), the leakage flux of the rotor of the motor is increased, and the leakage reactance of the rotor of the motor is increased, so that the corresponding starting current is obviously reduced when the motor; when the motor runs normally, the conducting bar 3 is stabilized at the second position, the magnetic leakage path area at the second position is reduced, the magnetic leakage of the rotor is reduced, the leakage reactance is reduced, the motor efficiency is improved, the power factor is increased, and the power density is increased; meanwhile, the conductor 3 is located at a first position close to the rotating shaft when the motor is started, and is located at a second position far away from the rotating shaft after the motor is started, so that the starting inertia of the motor can be effectively reduced, the motor is started more easily, and the reaction is rapid; in addition, compared with the technical scheme of reducing the starting current of the motor in the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention can reduce the material cost.
In some embodiments, an elastic member 5 is disposed in the bar guide slot 11, the elastic member 5 is located on a first slot wall 111 of the bar guide slot 11, and the first slot wall 111 is a slot wall of the bar guide slot 11 located radially outside the rotor core 1. The elastic member 5 can be supported on a side of the conducting bar 3 away from the rotating shaft, so that the conducting bar 3 can be switched from the second position to the first position, for example, when the rotor is decelerated or stopped (stationary), and when the rotor is accelerated to rotate, the conducting bar 3 presses the elastic member 5 by centrifugal force, so that the conducting bar 3 can be switched from the first position to the second position, and it can be understood that the conducting bar groove 11 at this time is a guide groove extending along a radial direction of the rotor core 1, and may be a parallel groove (rectangular groove), so that a switching movement path between the first position and the second position is in a radial direction of the rotor core 1. In order to ensure the difference between the magnetic fluxes of the conductor 3 at the first position and the second position, the radial width of the conductor groove 11 is preferably 1/5-1/3 wider than the radial width of the conductor 3.
Optionally, the elastic component 5 includes an elastic support, the elastic support has a connecting portion 51 connected with the first groove wall 111 and elastic support portions 52 located at two sides of the connecting portion 51, two included angles are formed between the elastic support portions 52, an opening of the included angles faces the guide bar 3, the elastic support portions 52 at two sides are respectively supported at two sides of the length of the guide bar 3, and the support structure is simplified while the balanced support of the guide bar 3 is realized.
Alternatively, when the motor is started, the conducting bar is subjected to centrifugal force, and the centrifugal force is F-mv2R, the elastic coefficient of the elastic bracket is mu,
As an embodiment of the end ring 2, the end ring 2 is configured with a plurality of sliding grooves 21, ends of both ends of the plurality of conducting bars 3 are respectively slidably connected in the sliding grooves 21, and a length of the sliding grooves 21 in a radial direction of the rotor core 1 is adapted to the first position and the second position. Furthermore, the chute bottom wall of the chute 21 has a through-flow hole 22, and the through-flow hole 22 is arranged corresponding to the first position. When the conducting bar 3 is located at the second position, the through-flow hole 22 penetrates the conducting bar groove 11 corresponding to the first position, so that external air can enter the interior of the rotor core 1 to dissipate heat inside the rotor core, and the mode is particularly suitable for cooling and dissipating heat of the rotor core through a refrigerant in a compressor. It can be understood that, in this solution, the axial direction of the conducting bar 3 is limited by the sliding grooves 21 on the end rings 2 corresponding to the two ends thereof, so as to prevent the conducting bar 3 from moving axially, and the process is simple and the processing is more convenient.
As another embodiment of the end ring 2, a plurality of through slots 23 are configured on the end ring 2, two ends of the plurality of conducting bars 3 are respectively and correspondingly slidably connected in the through slots 23, and the length of the through slots 23 in the radial direction of the rotor core 1 is adapted to the first position and the second position. Specifically, for example, the peripheral wall of the guide bar 3 has a flange, and the peripheral wall of the through groove 23 has a groove, and the flange is fitted in the groove to limit the axial play of the guide bar 3.
Optionally, the end of at least one end of each conducting bar 3 protrudes out of the outer end face of the corresponding end ring 2, and at this time, the protruding part of each conducting bar 3 objectively plays a role of a heat dissipation blade, so that the air flow inside the motor can be increased, the heat dissipation performance of the motor can be increased, the space in each conducting bar groove 11 can enable air to directly flow through the corresponding conducting bar groove 11, the heat dissipation effect of each conducting bar 3 and the air through effect of the two ends of the stator and the rotor can be achieved, and the heat dissipation effect of the motor can be further facilitated.
Optionally, when the rotor rotates at a rated rotation speed, one side of the conducting bars 3 away from the rotation shaft is in contact with the through grooves 23 or the radial outer side groove walls of the sliding grooves 21, so as to ensure the smoothness of the current flow of the squirrel cage structure.
Fig. 7 is distribution of magnetic flux leakage when the conducting bar 3 is close to the shaft side when the motor is started, and fig. 8 is distribution of magnetic flux leakage of the rotor when the motor is in normal operation, which can be clearly seen that the magnetic flux leakage of the rotor is obviously increased, the magnetic flux leakage of the rotor is increased, and the leakage reactance X2 σ' is increased when the motor in the technical scheme of the invention is started, so that the starting current of the motor is correspondingly reduced.
Fig. 9 is a starting current curve (curve B) of a motor (curve a) adopting the technical solution of the present invention and a motor not adopting the technical solution of the present invention, when the technical solution of the present invention is used, the maximum value of the starting current of the motor is reduced from 772A to 540A, the current is reduced by 30%, the starting current multiple is reduced from 7.6 to 5.3, and the impact of the starting of the motor on the power grid is obviously reduced.
According to an embodiment of the invention, there is also provided an asynchronous machine comprising the rotor described above.
According to an embodiment of the invention, there is also provided a compressor including the above-described asynchronous motor.
It is readily understood by a person skilled in the art that the advantageous ways described above can be freely combined, superimposed without conflict.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. The rotor is characterized by comprising a rotor core (1) sleeved on a rotating shaft and end rings (2) arranged at two axial ends of the rotor core (1), wherein a plurality of guide bar grooves (11) which are communicated along the axial direction of the rotor core (1) are formed in the rotor core (1), guide bars (3) are arranged in the guide bar grooves (11), the plurality of guide bars (3) and the end rings (2) form a rotor squirrel cage structure, when the rotor is static, the guide bars (3) are located at a first position close to the rotating shaft, when the rotor rotates, the guide bars (3) are located at a second position far away from the rotating shaft, and the guide bars (3) can move between the first position and the second position.
2. The rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that an elastic member (5) is arranged in the bar guide slot (11), the elastic member (5) is arranged on a first slot wall (111) of the bar guide slot (11), and the first slot wall (111) is a slot wall of the bar guide slot (11) which is radially outside the rotor core (1).
3. The rotor according to claim 2, characterized in that the spring (5) comprises a spring support having a connection portion (51) connected to the first slot wall (111) and spring support portions (52) on both sides of the connection portion (51), an angle being formed between the two spring support portions (52), and the opening of the angle facing the guide bar (3).
4. The rotor according to claim 3, characterized in that the elastic support has an elastic coefficient μ,
5. The rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that the end ring (2) is configured with a plurality of sliding grooves (21), the ends of the two ends of the plurality of conducting bars (3) are respectively and correspondingly slidably connected in the sliding grooves (21), and the length of the sliding grooves (21) in the radial direction of the rotor core (1) is adapted to the first position and the second position.
6. Rotor according to claim 5, characterised in that the chute bottom wall of the chute (21) has through-flow holes (22), which through-flow holes (22) are arranged in correspondence with the first position.
7. The rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of through slots (23) are formed on the end ring (2), and both ends of the plurality of conducting bars (3) are respectively and correspondingly slidably connected in the through slots (23), and the length of the through slots (23) in the radial direction of the rotor core (1) is adapted to the first position and the second position.
8. The rotor as recited in claim 7, characterized in that the ends of at least one end of the bars (3) protrude from the outer end surface of the end ring (2) on the side corresponding to the end.
9. The rotor as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the guide strips (3) have a flange on the peripheral wall and the through slots (23) have a recess on the peripheral wall, the flange being fitted in the recess.
10. A rotor according to claim 7, characterized in that the side of the conductor bars (3) facing away from the axis of rotation is in contact with the radially outer slot wall of the through slots (23) when the rotor is rotating at the nominal rotational speed.
11. An asynchronous machine comprising a rotor, characterized in that the rotor is a rotor according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
12. A compressor comprising an electric motor, characterized in that said electric motor is an asynchronous motor as claimed in claim 11.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010896813.9A CN112072818B (en) | 2020-08-31 | 2020-08-31 | Rotor, asynchronous motor and compressor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010896813.9A CN112072818B (en) | 2020-08-31 | 2020-08-31 | Rotor, asynchronous motor and compressor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112072818A true CN112072818A (en) | 2020-12-11 |
| CN112072818B CN112072818B (en) | 2021-07-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010896813.9A Active CN112072818B (en) | 2020-08-31 | 2020-08-31 | Rotor, asynchronous motor and compressor |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN112072818B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117318341A (en) * | 2023-11-29 | 2023-12-29 | 山西电机制造有限公司 | Cage rotor structure of three-phase asynchronous motor for reducing starting current and motor |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05236690A (en) * | 1992-02-21 | 1993-09-10 | Toshiba Corp | Squirrel-cage induction motor for railway vehicle |
| CN105990970A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2016-10-05 | 西门子公司 | Rotor for motor and manufacture method |
| CN106300857A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2017-01-04 | 江苏航天动力机电有限公司 | New energy electric motor rotor structure |
| US20180026505A1 (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2018-01-25 | Ge Energy Power Conversion Technology Limited | Squirrel-cage rotor, and asynchronous motor comprising such a rotor |
| CN110719006A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2020-01-21 | 章宪 | Alternating current permanent magnet motor |
-
2020
- 2020-08-31 CN CN202010896813.9A patent/CN112072818B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05236690A (en) * | 1992-02-21 | 1993-09-10 | Toshiba Corp | Squirrel-cage induction motor for railway vehicle |
| US20180026505A1 (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2018-01-25 | Ge Energy Power Conversion Technology Limited | Squirrel-cage rotor, and asynchronous motor comprising such a rotor |
| CN105990970A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2016-10-05 | 西门子公司 | Rotor for motor and manufacture method |
| CN106300857A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2017-01-04 | 江苏航天动力机电有限公司 | New energy electric motor rotor structure |
| CN110719006A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2020-01-21 | 章宪 | Alternating current permanent magnet motor |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117318341A (en) * | 2023-11-29 | 2023-12-29 | 山西电机制造有限公司 | Cage rotor structure of three-phase asynchronous motor for reducing starting current and motor |
| CN117318341B (en) * | 2023-11-29 | 2024-03-22 | 山西电机制造有限公司 | Cage rotor structure of three-phase asynchronous motor for reducing starting current and motor |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112072818B (en) | 2021-07-27 |
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