CN112072188B - Nickel-hydrogen battery pack for railway vehicle and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Nickel-hydrogen battery pack for railway vehicle and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112072188B CN112072188B CN202011023903.3A CN202011023903A CN112072188B CN 112072188 B CN112072188 B CN 112072188B CN 202011023903 A CN202011023903 A CN 202011023903A CN 112072188 B CN112072188 B CN 112072188B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/30—Nickel accumulators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a nickel-metal hydride battery pack for a railway vehicle and an operation method thereof, wherein the nickel-metal hydride battery pack comprises the following steps: the battery management system comprises a nickel-hydrogen battery pack, a power control system, a battery management system and an electrolyte circulating system, wherein the nickel-hydrogen battery pack is respectively connected with a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe; if the battery management system detects that the voltage in the charging process of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack reaches the preset float charging voltage, the electric valve and the pump are started, if the battery management system detects that the charging current in the charging process of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack stops, the electric valve is closed, the pump is closed after a set time is delayed, and the power control system controls the discharging process of the discharging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack to the electric equipment and the charging process of the charging power supply to the charging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack. The invention ensures that the nickel-metal hydride battery pack has the advantages of high charging and discharging efficiency of the barren solution nickel-metal hydride battery and floating charging of the pregnant solution nickel-metal hydride battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of auxiliary power supply systems of railway vehicles, in particular to a nickel-metal hydride battery pack for a railway vehicle and an operation method thereof.
Background
The storage battery is used as an energy supply component of the rail transit vehicle, and the storage battery has the main tasks of ensuring that the vehicle has enough electric energy to maintain the time requirement of electric equipment for emergency power supply under the condition that a main power supply is cut off, and supplying power to low-voltage electric equipment such as lighting, air conditioners and the like on the vehicle. Good electrical and safety properties are essential requirements for batteries for rail transit.
The nickel-metal hydride battery has the characteristic of consistent voltage platform and nickel-cadmium battery, so that the nickel-metal hydride battery becomes a good choice for replacing the nickel-cadmium battery as a power supply for the railway vehicle. The nickel-metal hydride battery is divided into a lean nickel-metal hydride battery and a rich nickel-metal hydride battery. Because the auxiliary power supply system of the railway vehicle adopts a constant-voltage current-limiting charging system, the nickel-metal hydride battery is directly applied for power supply, if the nickel-metal hydride battery is an applied barren solution nickel-metal hydride battery, the charging and discharging efficiency is higher, but in the final stage of charging, a large amount of oxygen is generated at the positive electrode and diffused to the negative electrode, water is generated by combination of the negative electrode and the hydrogen, a large amount of heat is released, the internal temperature of the battery is rapidly increased, the phenomena of thermal runaway and current runaway are easy to occur, and potential safety hazards are caused; if the electrolyte-rich nickel-metal hydride battery is used, the battery core is soaked in a large amount of flowing electrolyte for a long time, so that the charging and discharging efficiency is low, and the electrolyte is in the battery core, so that the electrolyte is not easy to observe, and is inconvenient to maintain.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a nickel-metal hydride battery pack for a rail vehicle and an operation method thereof, such that the nickel-metal hydride battery pack has the advantages of high charging and discharging efficiency of a lean-solution nickel-metal hydride battery and floating charging of an existing rich-solution nickel-metal hydride battery, can directly replace an existing nickel-cadmium battery, and meet energy storage requirements and service life requirements of a rail vehicle power supply system, thereby achieving a charging and discharging cycle life exceeding 3500 times.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a nickel-metal hydride battery pack for a railway vehicle, including: the system comprises a nickel-hydrogen battery pack, a power control system, a battery management system and an electrolyte circulating system, wherein the nickel-hydrogen battery pack is respectively connected with one end of a liquid inlet pipe and one end of a liquid outlet pipe; the electrolyte circulating system comprises a liquid storage tank, a liquid outlet at the lower part of the liquid storage tank is connected with the other end of the liquid inlet pipe through an electric valve, and a liquid inlet at the upper part of the liquid storage tank is connected with the other end of the liquid outlet pipe through a pump; the nickel-metal hydride battery pack, the electric valve and the pump are all connected with the battery management system; the battery management system detects the voltage and the charging current of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack in the charging process in real time, if the voltage of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack in the charging process is detected to reach a preset float charging voltage, the battery management system starts the electric valve and the pump, if the charging current of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack in the charging process is detected to stop, the battery management system closes the electric valve and delays the set time to close the pump, and the battery management system controls the on-off of the discharging end and the charging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack; the power control system is respectively connected with a discharging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack and an electric device, the power control system controls the discharging process of the discharging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack to the electric device, the power control system is also respectively connected with a charging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack and a charging power supply, the charging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack supplies power to the power control system, and the power control system controls the charging process of the charging power supply to the charging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack.
After the battery management system starts the pump, the pump is controlled to be closed and opened intermittently until the battery management system closes the electric valve.
The charging end and the discharging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery are respectively connected with a charging contactor and a discharging contactor, the battery management system detects the SOC of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack in the discharging and charging processes in real time, the battery management system controls the on-off of the discharging contactor according to the SOC of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack in the discharging process, and the battery management system controls the on-off of the charging contactor according to the SOC of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack in the charging process.
When the railway vehicle runs, the power control system controls the nickel-metal hydride battery pack to discharge to low-voltage electric equipment, and converts high voltage of the railway vehicle into low-voltage direct current to charge the nickel-metal hydride battery pack; when the rail vehicle stops running, the power control system controls the nickel-metal hydride battery pack to discharge to the emergency power supply system, and the power control system controls the high-voltage electricity on the rail vehicle to stop charging the nickel-metal hydride battery pack.
When the preset float charging voltage is reached, the SOC of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack reaches 70% -80%.
The delay setting time is 5-15 minutes.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an operating method of a nickel-metal hydride battery pack for a railway vehicle, including the steps of:
step 1: the nickel-metal hydride battery pack is started, the nickel-metal hydride battery pack supplies power to the battery management system through a low-voltage circuit, the battery management system controls the connection of a discharging end and a charging end of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack, and the power control system is electrified;
step 2: the power control system controls the process that the discharging end discharges to the electric equipment and controls the process that the charging power supply charges to the charging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack;
and 3, step 3: in the charging process, the battery management system detects the voltage and the charging current of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack in the charging process in real time,
when the voltage is detected to reach the preset float charge voltage, the battery management system starts the electric valve and the pump, and the electrolyte in the liquid storage tank circulates between the nickel-metal hydride battery pack and the liquid storage tank along with the pump;
when the charging current is detected to stop, the battery management system closes the electric valve and delays the set time to close the pump;
and 4, step 4: after the charging current is detected to stop, if the power control system controls the charging power supply to charge the charging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack, repeating the step 3; if the power control system does not control the charging power supply to charge the charging end of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack and the electric quantity of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack is lower than the set lowest electric quantity, the battery management system controls the discharging end and the charging end of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack to be disconnected, the power control system is powered off, and the battery management system is powered off.
In the step 2, the method specifically comprises the following steps: when the railway vehicle runs, the power control system controls the nickel-metal hydride battery pack to discharge to low-voltage electric equipment, and converts high voltage of the railway vehicle into low-voltage direct current to charge the nickel-metal hydride battery pack; when the rail vehicle stops running, the power control system controls the nickel-metal hydride battery pack to discharge to an emergency power supply system, and the power control system controls the high voltage on the rail vehicle to stop charging the nickel-metal hydride battery pack.
After the battery management system starts the pump, the pump is controlled to be closed and opened intermittently until the battery management system closes the electric valve.
The nickel-hydrogen battery pack is in a lean liquid state in the early stage of discharging and charging and in a rich liquid state in the late stage of charging.
The nickel-metal hydride battery pack for the rail vehicle and the operation method thereof comprise an electrolyte circulating system connected with the inside of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack, wherein the electrolyte circulating system pumps out the electrolyte in the nickel-metal hydride battery pack in the early stage of charging and discharging of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack and is in a lean solution state, the electrolyte circulating system replenishes the electrolyte into the nickel-metal hydride battery pack in the floating charging stage in the final stage of charging, and the nickel-metal hydride battery pack is in a rich solution state, so that the dynamic circulation of the lean solution and the rich solution is realized. The operation mode has the characteristics of intelligent operation, high charging and discharging efficiency of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack, long service life and no thermal runaway and current runaway; the invention effectively integrates the advantages of high charging and discharging efficiency of the poor-solution nickel-metal hydride battery and floating charging of the existing rich-solution nickel-metal hydride battery, so that the nickel-metal hydride battery can directly replace the existing nickel-cadmium battery of the rail vehicle and meet the energy storage requirement and the service life requirement of the power supply system of the rail vehicle.
Drawings
Other objects and results of the present invention will become more apparent and readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a nickel-metal hydride battery pack for a railway vehicle according to the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a flow chart of an operating method of a nickel-metal hydride battery pack for a railway vehicle according to the present invention.
The system comprises a nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1, a power control system 2, a battery management system 3, a liquid storage tank 4, a pump 5, a liquid outlet pipe 6, an air release valve 7, a material inlet pipe 8, an electric valve 9, a current divider 10, an opening switch 11, a diode module 12, a charging contactor 13, a total positive electrode 14, a total negative electrode 15, an information acquisition port 16, a discharge contactor 17 and a connecting pipe 18.
The same reference numbers in all figures indicate similar or corresponding features or functions.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a nickel-metal hydride battery pack for a railway vehicle according to the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a nickel-metal hydride battery pack for a rail vehicle, which is suitable for supplying power to low-voltage equipment on the rail vehicle. The method comprises the following steps: the system comprises a nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1, a power control system 2, a battery management system 3 and an electrolyte circulating system.
The nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 keeps power supply for the power control system 2, and the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 carries out charging and discharging work in certain time periods to charge certain electric equipment, and is controlled by the power control system 2. When the power control system 2 controls the charging process of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 and the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 reaches the float charging voltage, the battery management system 3 starts an electrolyte circulating system, and the electrolyte is pumped into the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 and is circulated inside and outside, so that the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 is in a rich solution state; when the charging is stopped, the battery management system 3 stops the electrolyte circulation system and draws out the electrolyte inside the nickel-metal hydride battery 1 to be in a lean state.
In this embodiment, the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 may be formed by connecting a plurality of single nickel-metal hydride batteries in series, where the number of the single nickel-metal hydride batteries is (rated voltage/1.2) of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack) + n, and n is 1 or 2. The voltage platform characteristics of the nickel-metal hydride battery and the nickel-cadmium battery are the same, but the nickel-cadmium battery does not expand in the charging process, but the nickel-metal hydride battery expands, so that in order to reduce the expansion rate of the nickel-metal hydride battery, the total number of the nickel-metal hydride battery can be more than that of the nickel-cadmium battery according to the specific grouping number, and the total voltage rises faster than that of the nickel-cadmium battery, so that the nickel-metal hydride battery can enter a float charging stage in advance, and the total electric quantity of the charged battery is reduced. The number of the added single batteries cannot be too large, and too much leads to too fast the time for the batteries to enter the floating charge so that the charge quantity is not too much. The operation rating of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack is an operation voltage required by the electric device, for example, the operation voltage of the electric device is 72V, and the number of the single nickel-metal hydride batteries to be configured is 72/1.2+1 to 61 or 72/1.2+2 to 62.
The single nickel-metal hydride battery can be an open alkaline secondary battery with a square plastic battery shell or a square stainless steel shell, the open battery is convenient for electrolyte, and gas generated in the battery can easily come out during charging and is jointly gathered in the liquid storage tank to form the consistent gas pressure among the single nickel-metal hydride batteries. The openings of the single nickel-metal hydride batteries are communicated with each other through a connecting pipe 18. The square open alkaline secondary battery is in a lean state in the early stage of discharge and charge and in a rich state in the late stage of charge.
One end of a liquid inlet pipe 8 and one end of a liquid outlet pipe 6 are respectively connected to the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1. The liquid inlet pipe 8 and the liquid outlet pipe 6 can be respectively connected to both ends of the connecting pipe 18.
The electrolyte circulating system comprises a liquid storage tank 4, electrolyte is stored in the liquid storage tank 4, a liquid outlet is arranged at the lower part or the bottom of the liquid storage tank 4 and is connected with the other end of a liquid inlet pipe 8 through an electric valve 9, a liquid inlet is arranged at the middle upper part of the liquid storage tank 4 and is connected with the other end of a liquid outlet pipe 6 through a pump 5, and a gas release valve 7 is arranged at the top of the liquid storage tank 4; the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1, the electric valve 9 and the pump 5 are all connected with the battery management system 3, and the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 is connected with the battery management system 3 through a low-voltage circuit to supply power for the battery management system 3.
The battery management system 3 detects the voltage and the charging current of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 in the charging and discharging processes in real time, if the voltage of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 in the charging process is detected to reach the preset float charging voltage, the battery management system 3 starts the electric valve 9 and the pump 5, if the charging current of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 in the charging process is detected to stop, the battery management system 3 closes the electric valve 9, the pump 5 continues to work, the pump 5 is closed after the set time is delayed, 5-15 minutes can be delayed, and the electrolyte in the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 can be completely pumped out within the time. When the preset float charging voltage is reached, the charge SOC (residual charge) of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 reaches 70-80%.
When the charging and floating charging stage is carried out, after the electric valve 9 and the pump 5 are opened, the electrolyte flows out of the liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank 4 and flows into the liquid inlet pipe 8, then flows into the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1, then flows into the liquid outlet pipe 6 and then flows into the liquid inlet of the liquid storage tank 4, and the electrolyte is intermittently circulated between the liquid storage tank 4 and the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 under the action of the pump 5 on the liquid inlet. The intermittent circulation is that after the battery management system 3 starts the pump 5, the pump 5 is controlled to be intermittently closed and opened until the floating charging stops, the battery management system 3 closes the electric valve 9, the pump 5 is controlled to continue working, the pump 5 is stopped after the set time is delayed, the flowing electrolyte in the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 is pumped out, and the electrolyte flows back to the liquid storage tank 4. After the floating charge is stopped, the inside of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 is filled with the flowing electrolyte, and a certain time is needed to completely extract the electrolyte, so that the inside of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 is kept in a lean solution state, the discharge efficiency is improved, and the delay set time is determined according to the battery capacity and the battery series connection quantity.
The intermittent cycle can be that the pump 5 is started every 3-10 minutes, and the starting time lasts for 5-60 s every time, so that the solution in the connecting pipe 18 is prevented from filling to form a loop.
The nickel-metal hydride battery pack is in a lean solution state in the discharging stage and the early stage of charging, the charging and discharging efficiency is improved, and only in the floating charging stage, the inside of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack is in a rich solution state and does not flow out, so that on one hand, generated heat is taken out, and on the other hand, floating charging is realized.
The pump 5 can be a positive displacement pump or a vane pump, preferably a slurry pump, which is small, stable in the delivery of fluid and has a pulsating character, with a very smooth fluid delivery at a certain pressure.
The battery management system 3 also controls the on-off of the discharging end and the charging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1. The charging end and the discharging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery are respectively connected with a charging contactor 13 and a discharging contactor 17, the battery management system 3 detects the SOC of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 in the discharging and charging processes in real time, the battery management system 3 controls the on-off of the discharging contactor 17 according to the SOC of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 in the discharging process, and the battery management system 3 controls the on-off of the charging contactor 13 according to the SOC of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 in the charging process.
The charging and discharging are both unidirectional circuit arrangements, and the battery management system 3 can close the charging contactor alone or close the charging and discharging contactor at the same time. It is assumed that the charging contact 13 is closed, but discharge is not affected, and the nickel-hydrogen battery is prevented from being excessively float-charged.
The power control system 2 is respectively connected with the discharging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 and the electric equipment, the power control system 2 controls the discharging process of the discharging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 to the electric equipment, the power control system 2 is also respectively connected with the charging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 and a charging power supply, the charging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 supplies power to the power control system 2, and the power control system 2 controls the charging process of the charging power supply for the charging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1. Specifically, when the rail vehicle runs, the power control system 2 controls the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 to discharge to the low-voltage electric equipment, and the power control system 2 converts high voltage of the rail vehicle into low-voltage direct current to charge the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1; when the rail vehicle stops running, the power control system 2 controls the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 to discharge to the emergency power supply system, and the power control system 2 controls the high-voltage electricity on the rail vehicle to stop charging the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1.
The low-voltage electric equipment is a lighting system, an air conditioner system and an emergency power supply system, the charging power supply is high-voltage electricity at the top of the rail vehicle or a fuel engine of the fuel rail vehicle, the high-voltage electricity is converted into low-voltage direct current electricity through the power control system 2, and then the low-voltage direct current electricity is used for charging the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1.
A starting switch 11 is connected between the battery management system 3 and a total positive electrode 14 of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 and is used for manually starting the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1, and the battery management system 3 is connected with an information acquisition port 16 of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 and is used for acquiring information of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1; the battery management system 3 is respectively connected with a charging contactor 13 and a discharging contactor 17; the total negative electrode 15 of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 is respectively connected with the power control system 2 and the battery management system 3, the total negative electrode 15 is also connected with the shunt 10, and the shunt 10 is used for collecting information of current entering and exiting the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1. The power control system 2 is also connected with a charging contactor 13 and a discharging contactor 17 respectively, the total anode 14 is connected with the discharging contactor 17 through a diode module 12, and the charging power supply and power control system 2 is connected with the total anode 14 through the diode module 12. The diode module realizes the unidirectional flow of current by using the same total anode and the same total cathode for charging and discharging of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1.
Example 2
Fig. 2 shows a flow chart of an operating method of a nickel-metal hydride battery pack for a railway vehicle according to the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides an operation method of a nickel-metal hydride battery pack for a railway vehicle, and on the basis of embodiment 1, provides an operation method of a nickel-metal hydride battery pack for a railway vehicle as described in embodiment 1. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the following steps that a nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 is manually started, the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 supplies power to a battery management system 3 through a low-voltage circuit, the battery management system 3 is electrified and carries out self-checking, after the self-checking is completed, the battery management system 3 controls a discharging end and a charging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 to be communicated, namely, a charging contactor 13 and a discharging contactor 17 are communicated, and a power control system 2 starts self-checking and works when the discharging end is electrified. After the charging contactor 13 is communicated with the discharging contactor 17, charging can be received at any time, and if the load electric equipment needs to be discharged, discharging can also be carried out at any time.
Step 2: the power control system 2 controls the process of discharging the discharging end to the electric equipment and controls the process of charging the charging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 by the charging power supply.
The power control system 2 can set programs according to specific working requirements to control the charging and discharging processes of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1. In the embodiment, the process of controlling the charging and discharging operations of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 by the power control system 2 is that when the railway vehicle runs, the power control system 2 controls the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 to discharge to the low-voltage electric equipment, and the power control system 2 converts high voltage of the railway vehicle into low-voltage direct current to charge the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1; when the rail vehicle stops running, the power control system 2 controls the hydrogen battery pack to discharge to the emergency power supply system, and the power control system 2 controls the high-voltage electricity on the rail vehicle to stop charging the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1.
And step 3: during the discharging and/or charging process, the battery management system 3 detects the voltage and charging current of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 during the charging process in real time,
when the voltage reaches the preset float charge voltage, the battery management system 3 opens the electric valve 9 and the pump 5, and the electrolyte in the liquid storage tank 4 circulates between the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 and the liquid storage tank 4 along with the pump 5; the battery management system 3 is internally provided with a preset float charging voltage, and when the float charging is reached, the charge SOC of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 reaches 70% -80%.
Detecting the stop of the charging current, the battery management system 3 closes the electric valve 9 and turns off the pump 5 with a delay of a set time. At this time, the battery management system 3 performs primary correction of the SOC of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1.
In the charging process, the voltage of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 gradually rises, when the voltage rises to the floating charging voltage, the voltage is basically stable, but the charging current begins to drop and falls to a certain extent and is stable; when the power control system 2 controls the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 to stop floating charging, the charging current is stopped.
The electrolyte in the liquid storage tank 4 circulates between the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 and the liquid storage tank 4 along with the pump 5, and the circulation is intermittent. The intermittent circulation is that after the battery management system 3 starts the pump 5, the pump 5 is controlled to be intermittently closed and opened until the floating charging stops, the battery management system 3 closes the electric valve 9, the pump 5 is controlled to continue working, the pump 5 is stopped after the set time is delayed, the flowing electrolyte in the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 is pumped out, and the electrolyte flows back to the liquid storage tank 4. The intermittent cycle can be that the pump 5 is started every 3-10 minutes, and the starting time lasts for 5-60 s every time, so that the solution in the connecting pipe 18 is prevented from filling to form a loop.
And 4, step 4: after the battery management system 3 detects that the charging current stops, the charging power supply stops charging the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1, and the electric valve 9 and the pump 5 are closed. The nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 still supplies power to the power control system 2 and discharges power to the electric equipment, the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 continuously outputs power, if the railway vehicle stops for a short time and then starts to operate, the power control system 2 controls the charging power supply to charge the charging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1, and the step 3 is repeated;
if the electric quantity of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 is consumed to a certain degree, the rail vehicle still does not start to operate, namely the power control system 2 does not control the charging power supply to charge the charging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1, the electric quantity of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 is lower than the set minimum electric quantity, the battery management system 3 controls the discharging end and the charging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 to be disconnected, the power control system 2 is powered off, and the battery management system 3 is powered off. The set minimum electric quantity can be the charge quantity SOC of the nickel-hydrogen battery is 10-20%.
When the charge capacity of the nickel-metal hydride battery is lower than the set minimum electric quantity, the battery management system 3 is required to control the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 to automatically power off so as to avoid over-discharge. After the rail vehicle stops running, under a normal condition, the discharging contactor 17 of the default discharging end and the charging contactor 13 of the charging end are communicated so as to be used at any time, long-time stop running is not eliminated, an operator forgets to manually disconnect the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 to enable the nickel-hydrogen battery pack to be over-discharged, and the battery management system 3 can monitor the SOC of the battery pack in real time and control the on-off of the discharging contactor 17 and the charging contactor 13.
After the power of the battery management system 3 is cut off, if the rail vehicle is started to operate, the step 1 needs to be executed, and the cycle is started.
The nickel-metal hydride battery 1 is in a lean state in the early stage of discharge and charge, and in a rich state in the late stage of charge.
The specific application example of this embodiment is as follows:
example 1
The nickel-metal hydride battery pack for a railway vehicle comprises: the system comprises a nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1, a power control system 2, a battery management system 3, a liquid storage tank 4 and a pump 5, wherein the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 is charged and discharged through the power control system 2 and keeps supplying power to the power control system 2, and when the power control system 2 charges the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 to a float charging voltage, the battery management system 3 starts the pump 5 to pump electrolyte in the liquid storage tank 4 into the battery pack and circulate; when the charging is stopped, the electric valve 9 is closed, and the pump 6 stops working for a certain time and then stops circulating.
The operation method of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack for the railway vehicle comprises the following steps:
(1) the nickel-hydrogen battery pack is manually opened by opening the switch 11, the battery management system 3 is electrified and carries out self-checking, the charging contactor 13 and the discharging contactor 17 are communicated after the OK is judged, and the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 supplies power to the power control system 2 through the discharging circuit;
(2) the power control system 2 is electrified and carries out self-checking, when the rail vehicle does not run, the power control system supplies power to an emergency power supply system and the like according to needs, and when the vehicle runs after being started, the power control system supplies power to low-voltage lighting and the like and charges the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1;
(3) in the charging process, the voltage of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 gradually rises, when the voltage rises to the floating charging voltage, the voltage is basically stable, but the charging current begins to drop and falls to a certain extent and is stable;
(4) the battery management system 3 collects information of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 all the time, when the floating charge voltage is charged and the current is stable, when the charge amount SOC of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 reaches 70%, the battery management system 3 sends an instruction to open the electric valve 9 and start the pump 5, electrolyte in the liquid storage tank 4 enters the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 along with the pump 5, the electrolyte circulates intermittently in the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 and the liquid storage tank 4, the pump is started once every 10 minutes, and the time for starting the pump lasts for 5s every time. The specific process is as follows: when the float charging stage of charging, electric valve 9 on the feed liquor pipe 8 is opened, the electrolyte of liquid storage pot 4 is pumped into nickel-hydrogen battery 1 by pump 5, when the float charging stops, electric valve 9 on the feed liquor pipe 8 is closed, pump 5 continues to work, take out the mobile electrolyte in the nickel-hydrogen battery group, the electrolyte flows back to liquid storage pot 4, nickel-hydrogen battery group 1 is lean solution state in the stage of discharging and the earlier stage of charging, the charge-discharge efficiency improves, only in the float charging stage, the inside rich solution state that is of group battery, and intermittent flow, take out the heat that produces on the one hand, on the other hand, the float charging is realized.
(5) When the rail vehicle stops running, the power control system 2 stops floating charge of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1, the battery management system 3 sends an instruction to close the electric valve 9 after collecting input current stop information, and sends an instruction to close the pump 5 after the input current stops for 5 minutes, and meanwhile, the battery management system 3 carries out primary correction on the charged quantity SOC.
(6) The nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 continuously supplies power to the power control system 2, the power control system 2 supplies power to illumination and the like, the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 continuously outputs power all the time, if the rail vehicle is started to operate after the parking time is not too long, the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 enters (2) to start circulation, if the electric quantity of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 is consumed to a certain degree, the rail vehicle is not started to operate, the battery management system 3 is automatically powered off, the corresponding charging contactor 13 and the corresponding discharging contactor 17 are also automatically disconnected, the power control system 2 is correspondingly powered off, if the rail vehicle is started to operate, the power control system 2 needs to enter (1), and circulation starts.
The operation mode can be used for replacing 48V nickel-cadmium batteries for railway vehicles, the nickel-hydrogen battery pack is formed by connecting 41 batteries in series, high-strength test operation is carried out for two years, ten years of application are simulated, the total mileage of operation on high-speed rails exceeds 60 kilometers, the appearance of the battery is not changed, the electrolyte in the liquid storage tank is replaced for 10 times, the battery is taken out for 0.2C capacity test, the capacity retention rate is 92 percent at the lowest and 93.5 percent at the highest, the consistency of the nickel-hydrogen batteries is still good, and the existing nickel-cadmium batteries for high-speed rails can be completely replaced.
Example 2
The nickel-metal hydride battery pack for a railway vehicle comprises: the system comprises a nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1, a power control system 2, a battery management system 3, a liquid storage tank 4 and a pump 5, wherein the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 is charged and discharged through the power control system 2 and keeps supplying power to the power control system 2, and when the power control system 2 charges the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 to a float charging voltage, the battery management system 3 starts the pump 5 to pump electrolyte in the liquid storage tank 4 into the battery pack and circulate; when the charging is stopped, the electric valve 9 is closed, and the pump 6 stops working for a certain time and then stops circulating.
The operation method of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack for the railway vehicle comprises the following steps:
(1) the nickel-hydrogen battery pack is manually opened by opening the switch 11, the battery management system 3 is electrified and carries out self-checking, the charging contactor 13 and the discharging contactor 17 are communicated after the OK is judged, and the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 supplies power to the power control system 2 through the discharging circuit;
(2) the power control system 2 is electrified and carries out self-checking, when the rail vehicle does not run, the power control system supplies power to an emergency power supply system and the like according to needs, and when the vehicle runs after being started, the power control system supplies power to low-voltage lighting and the like and charges the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1;
(3) in the charging process, the voltage of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 gradually rises, when the voltage rises to the floating charging voltage, the voltage is basically stable, but the charging current begins to drop and falls to a certain extent and is stable;
(4) the battery management system 3 collects information of the nickel-metal hydride battery 2 all the time, when the floating charge voltage is charged and the current is stable, when the charge amount SOC of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 reaches 80%, the battery management system 3 sends an instruction to open the electric valve 9 and start the pump 5, electrolyte in the liquid storage tank 4 enters the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 along with the pump 5, the electrolyte circulates intermittently in the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 and the liquid storage tank 4, the pump is started every 3 minutes, and the time of starting the pump lasts for 60s each time. The specific process is as follows: when the stage is floated to fill in charging, electric valve 9 on the feed liquor pipe 8 is opened, the electrolyte of liquid storage pot 4 is pumped into nickel-hydrogen battery group 1 by pump 5, when floating to fill and stopping, electric valve 9 on the feed liquor pipe 8 is closed, pump 5 continues to work, take out the mobile electrolyte in the nickel-hydrogen battery, the electrolyte flows back to liquid storage pot 4, nickel-hydrogen battery group 1 is lean solution state in the stage of discharging and the earlier stage of charging, charge-discharge efficiency improves, only in the stage of floating to fill, the inside pregnant solution state that is of battery, and intermittent flow, take out the heat that produces on the one hand, on the other hand, realize floating to fill.
(5) When the rail vehicle stops running, the power control system 2 stops floating charge of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1, the battery management system 3 sends an instruction to close the electric valve 9 after collecting input current stop information, and sends an instruction to close the pump 5 after the input current stops for 10 minutes, and meanwhile, the battery management system 3 carries out primary correction on the charged quantity SOC.
(6) The nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 continuously supplies power to the power control system 2, the power control system 2 supplies power to illumination and the like, the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 continuously outputs power all the time, if the rail vehicle is started to operate after the parking time is not too long, the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 enters (2) to start circulation, if the electric quantity of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 is consumed to a certain degree, the rail vehicle is not started to operate, the battery management system 3 is automatically powered off, the corresponding charging contactor 13 and the corresponding discharging contactor 17 are also automatically disconnected, the power control system 2 is correspondingly powered off, if the rail vehicle is started to operate, the power control system 2 needs to enter (1), and circulation starts.
The operation mode can be used for replacing 96V nickel-cadmium batteries for railway vehicles, the nickel-hydrogen battery pack is formed by connecting 81 batteries in series, tests are carried out on a locomotive for Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the lowest temperature is-45 ℃, the highest altitude is 5300m, the highest temperature is 35 ℃, the operation cycle is 96 hours each time, two hundred cycles are tested in total, ten years of application are simulated, the appearance of the battery is not changed, the electrolyte in the liquid storage tank is replaced for 14 times, the power supply is stable, the battery is not failed and powered off, the battery is taken out for carrying out 0.2C capacity test, the capacity retention rate is 86 percent at the lowest and 88 percent at the highest, the consistency is still good, and the existing nickel-cadmium battery for the locomotive can be completely replaced.
Example 3
The nickel-metal hydride battery pack for a railway vehicle comprises: the system comprises a nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1, a power control system 2, a battery management system 3, a liquid storage tank 4 and a pump 5, wherein the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 is charged and discharged through the power control system 2 and keeps supplying power to the power control system 2, and when the power control system 2 charges the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 to a float charging voltage, the battery management system 3 starts the pump 5 to pump electrolyte in the liquid storage tank 4 into the battery pack and circulate; when the charging is stopped, the electric valve 9 is closed, and the pump 6 stops working for a certain time and then stops circulating.
The operation method of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack for the railway vehicle comprises the following steps:
(1) the nickel-hydrogen battery pack is manually opened by opening the switch 11, the battery management system 3 is electrified and carries out self-checking, the charging contactor 13 and the discharging contactor 17 are communicated after the OK is judged, and the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 supplies power to the power control system 2 through the discharging circuit;
(2) the power control system 2 is electrified and carries out self-checking, when the rail vehicle does not run, the power control system supplies power to an emergency power supply system and the like according to needs, and when the vehicle runs after being started, the power control system supplies power to low-voltage lighting and the like and charges the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1;
(3) in the charging process, the voltage of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 gradually rises, when the voltage rises to the floating charging voltage, the voltage is basically stable, but the charging current begins to drop and falls to a certain extent and is stable;
(4) the battery management system 3 collects information of the nickel-metal hydride battery 2 all the time, when the floating charge voltage is charged and the current is stable, when the charge amount SOC of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 reaches 75%, the battery management system 3 sends an instruction to open the electric valve 9 and start the pump 5, electrolyte in the liquid storage tank 4 enters the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 along with the pump 5, the electrolyte circulates intermittently in the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1 and the liquid storage tank 4, the pump is started every 5 minutes, and the time of starting the pump lasts for 20s each time. The specific process is as follows: when the float charging stage of charging, electric valve 9 on the feed liquor pipe 8 is opened, the electrolyte of the liquid storage tank 4 is pumped into the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 by pump 5, when the float charging stops, electric valve 9 on the feed liquor pipe 8 is closed, pump 5 continues to work, the mobile electrolyte in the nickel-hydrogen battery is pumped out, the electrolyte flows back to the liquid storage tank 4, the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 is in the barren liquor state in the stage of discharging and the earlier stage of charging, the charging and discharging efficiency is improved, only in the float charging stage, the inside of the battery is in the pregnant liquor state, and the battery intermittently flows, bring out the generated heat on the one hand, and on the other hand, the float charging is realized.
(5) The rail vehicle stops running, the power control system 2 stops floating charging of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 1, the battery management system 3 sends an instruction to close the electric valve 9 after collecting input current stop information, and sends an instruction to close the pump 5 after the input current stops for 15 minutes, and meanwhile, the battery management system 3 carries out primary correction on the charged quantity SOC.
(6) The nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 continuously supplies power to the power control system 2, the power control system 2 supplies power to illumination and the like, the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 continuously outputs power all the time, if the rail vehicle is started to run after the parking time is not too long, the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 enters (2) to start circulation, if the electric quantity of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 1 is consumed to a certain degree, the rail vehicle is not started to run, the battery management system 3 is automatically powered off, the corresponding charging contactor 13 and the corresponding discharging contactor 17 are also automatically disconnected, the power control system 2 is correspondingly powered off, if the rail vehicle is started to run, the power control system 2 needs to enter (1), and circulation starts.
The operation mode can be used for replacing 192V nickel-cadmium batteries for railway vehicles, the nickel-hydrogen batteries are connected in series by 162 batteries, the high-strength test operation is performed for two years, the ten-year application is simulated, the total mileage of the battery operated on a common passenger car exceeds 60 kilometers, the appearance of the battery is not changed, the electrolyte in a liquid storage tank is replaced for 16 times, the battery is taken out for carrying out 0.2C capacity test, the capacity retention rate is 89% at the lowest and 90% at the highest, and the consistency is still good.
Claims (10)
1. A nickel-metal hydride battery pack for a railway vehicle, comprising: a nickel-hydrogen battery pack, a power control system, a battery management system and an electrolyte circulating system, wherein,
the nickel-hydrogen battery pack is respectively connected with one end of a liquid inlet pipe and one end of a liquid outlet pipe,
the electrolyte circulating system comprises a liquid storage tank, a liquid outlet at the lower part of the liquid storage tank is connected with the other end of the liquid inlet pipe through an electric valve, and a liquid inlet at the upper part of the liquid storage tank is connected with the other end of the liquid outlet pipe through a pump; the nickel-metal hydride battery pack, the electrically operated valve and the pump are all connected with the battery management system;
the battery management system detects the voltage and the charging current of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack in the charging process in real time, if the voltage of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack in the charging process is detected to reach a preset float charging voltage, the battery management system starts the electric valve and the pump, if the charging current of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack in the charging process is detected to stop, the battery management system closes the electric valve and delays the set time to close the pump,
the battery management system controls the on-off of the discharge end and the charging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack;
the power control system is respectively connected with a discharging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack and an electric device, the power control system controls the discharging process of the discharging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack to the electric device, the power control system is also respectively connected with a charging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack and a charging power supply, the charging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack supplies power to the power control system, and the power control system controls the charging process of the charging power supply to the charging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack.
2. The nickel-metal hydride battery pack for a railway vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the battery management system turns on the pump, the pump is controlled to be intermittently turned off and on until the battery management system turns off the electrically operated valve.
3. The nickel-metal hydride battery pack for the railway vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein a charging contactor and a discharging contactor are respectively connected to the charging end and the discharging end of the nickel-metal hydride battery, the battery management system detects the SOC of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack in the discharging and charging processes in real time, the battery management system controls the on-off of the discharging contactor according to the SOC of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack in the discharging process, and the battery management system controls the on-off of the charging contactor according to the SOC of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack in the charging process.
4. The nickel-metal hydride battery pack for the railway vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power control system controls the nickel-metal hydride battery pack to discharge to low-voltage electric equipment when the railway vehicle is running, and the power control system converts high voltage of the railway vehicle into low-voltage direct current to charge the nickel-metal hydride battery pack; when the rail vehicle stops running, the power control system controls the nickel-metal hydride battery pack to discharge to the emergency power supply system, and the power control system controls the high-voltage electricity on the rail vehicle to stop charging the nickel-metal hydride battery pack.
5. The nickel-metal hydride battery pack for a railway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the SOC of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack reaches 70% to 80% when the predetermined float charge voltage is reached.
6. The nickel-metal hydride battery pack for a railway vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the delay is set to a time of 5 to 15 minutes.
7. An operating method of a nickel-hydrogen battery pack for a railway vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
step 1: the nickel-metal hydride battery pack is started, the nickel-metal hydride battery pack supplies power to the battery management system through a low-voltage circuit, the battery management system controls the connection of a discharging end and a charging end of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack, and the power control system is electrified;
step 2: the power control system controls the process of discharging the discharging end to the electric equipment and controls the process of charging the charging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack by the charging power supply;
and step 3: in the charging process, the battery management system detects the voltage and the charging current of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack in the charging process in real time,
when the voltage is detected to reach the preset float charge voltage, the battery management system starts the electric valve and the pump, and the electrolyte in the liquid storage tank circulates between the nickel-metal hydride battery pack and the liquid storage tank along with the pump;
when the charging current is detected to stop, the battery management system closes the electric valve and delays the set time to close the pump;
and 4, step 4: after the charging current is detected to stop, if the power control system controls the charging power supply to charge the charging end of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack, repeating the step 3; if the power control system does not control the charging power supply to charge the charging end of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack and the electric quantity of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack is lower than the set lowest electric quantity, the battery management system controls the discharging end and the charging end of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack to be disconnected, the power control system is powered off, and the battery management system is powered off.
8. The operation method of the nickel-metal hydride battery pack for the railway vehicle as claimed in claim 7, wherein the step 2 specifically comprises:
when the railway vehicle runs, the power control system controls the nickel-metal hydride battery pack to discharge to low-voltage electric equipment, and converts high voltage of the railway vehicle into low-voltage direct current to charge the nickel-metal hydride battery pack; when the rail vehicle stops running, the power control system controls the nickel-metal hydride battery pack to discharge to an emergency power supply system, and the power control system controls high voltage on the rail vehicle to stop charging the nickel-metal hydride battery pack.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the pump is controlled to be intermittently turned off and on after the battery management system turns on the pump until the battery management system turns off the electrically operated valve.
10. The method of operating a nickel-metal hydride battery pack for a railway vehicle as claimed in claim 7, wherein the nickel-metal hydride battery pack is in a lean state in an early stage of discharging and charging and in a rich state in a late stage of charging.
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