CN112070786B - Method for extracting warning radar PPI image target and interference - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of warning radar interference detection and effect evaluation, and discloses a warning radar PPI image target and an interference extraction method, which are characterized in that firstly, background information of an interference-free PPI image is roughly extracted: for PPI images under the condition of no interference, the rough extraction of background information is realized by comparing the difference between each pixel value and the adjacent pixel value; secondly, extracting result errors based on background information of the interference-free PPI image, and eliminating: and thirdly, performing differential processing on target components in the background information crude extraction result to realize PPI image target and interference extraction: and taking the background extraction result of the interference-free PPI image as a reference, and carrying out difference processing on the PPI image containing the target and the interference and the reference image to realize the extraction of the target and the interference. The invention realizes the automatic detection and extraction of the target and interference area in the PPI image of the warning radar, improves the processing efficiency and reduces the analysis deviation caused by human factors. Has important significance for improving the target monitoring capability of the warning radar.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of warning radar interference detection and effect evaluation, and particularly relates to a warning radar PPI image target and interference extraction method.
Background
The warning radar is generally deployed at the frontier of frontier defense/sea defense or military places, and performs tasks such as searching and tracking of aerial targets and sea surface targets on a certain area around the deployment place so as to realize early warning detection of threat targets. The search results of the warning radar will typically be presented on a flat position display (Plan Position Indicator, PPI). On PPI, the radar antenna is located in the center of the display area, and the radar echo processing result is displayed in a polar coordinate system, which represents various echoes: the distribution of targets, interference, clutter and the like in distance and azimuth is achieved, and meanwhile, a topographic map where the radar is located is generally embedded in the result in a relatively summary form.
In actual operation of the warning radar, various intentional and unintentional interferences are unavoidable, and the interferences are in various forms in the PPI image. In order to analyze and classify radar interference, PPI images need to be interpreted. Currently, the interpretation work of analysis, classification and the like of the PPI images of the warning radar still takes the manpower as the main, so that the burden of an interpreter is very heavy, and the level, the accuracy and the efficiency of the class of the PPI images under the condition of interference are not high due to the endangered various interference layers.
In order to improve the analysis capability of the warning radar PPI image, the target and interference extraction work in the PPI image needs to be carried out first, so that data support is provided for the classification of the subsequent image.
Currently, aiming at the extraction work of targets and interference in the warning radar PPI image, only qualitative analysis based on manual interpretation lacks a corresponding systematic processing technology. Reference is made to:
[1] cheng, M M, mitra N J, huang X, et al global contrast based salient region detection [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,2015,37 (3): 569-582 [2] Ruan Qiuqi. Digital image processing [ M ]. Beijing: beijing industry Press, 2001 [3] Poplar front Pont, li Jiegu. Line segments [ J ] are extracted from edge images using marker growth university of Shanghai traffic university, 1999,33 (4): 466-468.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides a warning radar PPI image target and interference extraction method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a warning radar PPI image target and interference extraction method comprises the following steps:
first, the background information based on the undisturbed PPI image is roughly extracted: for PPI images under the condition of no interference, the rough extraction of background information is realized by comparing the difference between each pixel value and the adjacent pixel value;
the background information is in a linear shape, in the local area, the pixel value of the background information jumps from the neighborhood pixel value, the difference between the central pixel point of the local area of the image and the neighborhood pixel point is extracted, if the difference value is larger than T1, the point is judged to be an edge point, namely the background, and otherwise, the point is not the background;
for each pixel (i, j) of the PPI image, constructing 8 neighborhoods of the pixel, respectively calculating the difference value between the central pixel (i, j) and the 8 neighborhoods around the central pixel (i, j), wherein the edge background pixel value is larger than that of the neighborhood pixel, and the difference between the edge pixel and the neighborhood pixel is different under different conditions due to the influence of factors such as illumination and the like on the PPI image, and through multiple experimental verification, when T1=5 is selected as a threshold value of a rough extraction stage, the extraction effect is good;
secondly, extracting result errors based on background information of the interference-free PPI image and eliminating: removing target components in the background information crude extraction result, namely error components in the background information extraction result by using a morphological filtering method;
in the rough extraction stage, a part of target echo region or ground object echo region with smaller area is judged as a background, and the target echo region or ground object echo region belongs to error factors in background information; the method of morphological filtering is introduced, the area of the plaque in the background is used as a measurement index, an area threshold T2 is set, if the area of the plaque is smaller than the threshold, the plaque is considered to belong to the target echo or the ground object echo and not to belong to the background information, the background information is removed, and if the area of the plaque is larger than the threshold, the plaque is considered to be the background information and is reserved; the threshold T2 is set to 40 pixels in an experiment by calculating the area size of a target in a plurality of images;
thirdly, the PPI image target and interference extraction are realized by applying difference processing: taking the background extraction result of the interference-free PPI image as a reference, carrying out difference processing on the PPI image containing the target and the interference and the reference image to realize the extraction of the target and the interference, and specifically implementing the following steps:
the pixel values at corresponding positions are subtracted by directly comparing the gray values of the original P display image and the P display image with the targets and the interference, so that the coordinate system, administrative boundaries and place name labels of the background clutter information are effectively removed, and finally, the results of the targets and the interference are obtained, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein D is ij Is the difference at pixel (i, j),and->The gray values on pixel (i, j) in the original image and the background image are represented respectively, and C is a positive constant so that the value after the difference is not negative.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a PPI image target and interference extraction method, which can improve the automation degree of the PPI image analysis of a warning radar, improve the processing efficiency on one hand and reduce the analysis deviation caused by human factors on the other hand. The invention has the advantages that: firstly, roughly extracting background information based on an undisturbed PPI image; secondly, extracting result errors based on background information of the interference-free PPI image; thirdly, the PPI image target and interference extraction are achieved by applying difference processing. The method realizes the automatic detection and extraction of the target and interference areas in the warning radar PPI image, thereby providing data support for the classification of the target and the interference, effectively improving the target extraction and image classification capability of an interpreter, and having great significance for improving the target monitoring capability of the warning radar.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a basic flow chart of object and interference extraction in PPI images.
Detailed Description
This patent is further explained below with reference to the drawings. The scope of protection of this patent is not limited to a particular embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention aims to provide a target and interference extraction method for an alert radar PPI image based on the existing image processing tool, so as to realize automatic detection and extraction of a target and interference area in the alert radar PPI image, thereby providing data support for classification of the target and interference, effectively improving the target extraction and image classification capability of an interpreter, and having important significance for improving the target monitoring capability of the alert radar. Specific embodiments:
1) The rough extraction stage of the background information based on the undisturbed PPI image considers that the background information is more linear, and in the local area, a certain jump exists between the pixel value of the background information and the neighborhood pixel value. Therefore, considering the difference between the central pixel point of the local area of the extracted image and the neighborhood pixel point thereof, if the difference value is larger than T1, the point is judged to be an edge point, namely the background, and otherwise, the point is not. For each pixel (i, j) of the PPI image, constructing 8 neighborhoods of the pixel, respectively calculating the difference value between the central pixel (i, j) and the 8 neighborhoods around the central pixel (i, j), wherein the pixel value of the edge (background) is larger than that of the neighborhood pixel, and the difference between the edge pixel and the neighborhood pixel is different under different conditions due to the influence of factors such as illumination and the like on the PPI image, and through multiple experimental verification, when T1=5 is selected as a threshold value of a rough extraction stage, the extraction effect is better.
2) And (3) removing errors based on background information extraction results of the undisturbed PPI image, wherein in the coarse extraction stage, a part of target echo region or ground object echo region with smaller area is judged to be the background, and the target echo region or ground object echo region belongs to error factors in background information. In order to remove the errors, meanwhile, clearer background information is obtained, a morphological filtering method is introduced, the area of the plaque in the background is used as a measurement index, an area threshold T2 is set, if the area of the plaque is smaller than the threshold, the plaque is considered to belong to the target echo or the ground object echo and not to the background information, the background information is removed, and if the area of the plaque is larger than the threshold, the plaque is considered to be the background information and is reserved. The threshold T2 was set to 40 pixels in the experiment by calculating the area size of the target in the plurality of images.
3) PPI image target and interference extraction by using difference processing
The background clutter information extracted in the previous two steps is taken as a reference, the gray values of the original P display image and the P display image with the targets and the interference are directly compared, and the pixel values at the corresponding positions are subjected to subtraction processing, so that the background clutter information (a coordinate system, an administrative boundary, a place name label and the like) is effectively removed, and finally the results of the targets and the interference are obtained, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein D is ij Is the difference at pixel (i, j),and->The gray values on pixel (i, j) in the original image and the background image are represented respectively, and C is a positive constant so that the value after the difference is not negative.
Claims (1)
1. An alert radar PPI image target and interference extraction method, comprising: first, the background information based on the undisturbed PPI image is roughly extracted: for PPI images under the condition of no interference, the rough extraction of background information is realized by comparing the difference between each pixel value and the adjacent pixel value; the method is characterized in that: the background information adopted is in a linear shape, in the local area, the pixel value of the background information jumps from the neighborhood pixel value, the difference between the central pixel point of the local area of the image and the neighborhood pixel point is extracted, and if the difference value is larger than the threshold value T1, the point is judged to be an edge point, namely the background, and otherwise, the point is not the background;
for each pixel (i, j) of the PPI image, constructing 8 neighborhoods of the pixel, respectively calculating the difference value between the central pixel (i, j) and the surrounding 8 neighborhoods, wherein the difference value between the edge background pixel value and the surrounding 8 neighborhoods is good when the threshold T1=5 is selected as the threshold of the rough extraction stage through multiple experimental verification because the edge background pixel value is larger than that of the neighborhood pixel and the PPI image is influenced by illumination factors and the difference between the edge pixel and the surrounding neighborhood pixel is different under different conditions;
secondly, extracting result errors based on background information of the interference-free PPI image and eliminating: removing target components in the background information crude extraction result, namely error components in the background information extraction result by using a morphological filtering method;
in the rough extraction stage, a part of target echo region or ground object echo region with smaller area is judged as a background, and the target echo region or ground object echo region belongs to error factors in background information; the method of morphological filtering is introduced, the area of the plaque in the background is used as a measurement index, an area threshold T2 is set, if the area of the plaque is smaller than the threshold, the plaque is considered to belong to the target echo or the ground object echo and not to belong to the background information, the background information is removed, and if the area of the plaque is larger than the threshold, the plaque is considered to be the background information and is reserved; the threshold T2 is set to 40 pixels in an experiment by calculating the area size of a target in a plurality of images;
thirdly, the PPI image target and interference extraction are realized by applying difference processing: taking the background extraction result of the interference-free PPI image as a reference, carrying out difference processing on the PPI image containing the target and the interference and the reference image to realize the extraction of the target and the interference, and specifically implementing the following steps:
the pixel values at corresponding positions are subtracted by directly comparing the gray values of the original P display image and the P display image with the targets and the interference, so that the coordinate system, administrative boundaries and place name labels of the background clutter information are effectively removed, and finally, the results of the targets and the interference are obtained, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein D is ij Is the difference at pixel (i, j),and->The gray values on pixel (i, j) in the original image and the background image are represented respectively, and C is a positive constant so that the value after the difference is not negative.
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