CN112069654B - Carbonate acidizing numerical simulation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a carbonate acidizing numerical simulation method, and particularly relates to the field of numerical simulation of reservoir transformation of oil and gas fields. According to the invention, a carbonate rock acidification model is established based on MATLAB software by acquiring block profile and basic data of a target block of carbonate rock, a rock system and an acid liquor system are set, a calculation region is determined and gridding is carried out; determining matrix core information, crack information, karst cave information and an acid system according to the block profile and basic data of the carbonate target block, and setting initial values of all parameters; and establishing a control equation and an auxiliary equation aiming at the acid liquor system and the rock system by using a carbonate rock acidification model, carrying out numerical simulation, solving the control equation and the auxiliary equation, and simulating the whole carbonate rock acidification process. The method comprehensively considers the complex reservoir structure of the carbonate rock oil and gas reservoir, realizes the accurate treatment of the migration and reaction of substances in the carbonate rock, and has important significance in the acidification design and efficient exploitation of the carbonate rock oil and gas reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of numerical simulation of reservoir transformation of oil and gas fields, in particular to a carbonate acidizing numerical simulation method.
Background
The carbonate rock oil and gas reservoir is an important component of the global oil and gas resource reserves, a carbonate rock layer system is widely developed in China and contains rich oil and gas resources, and different from a conventional sandstone oil and gas reservoir, the reservoir formation process of the carbonate rock oil and gas reservoir is more complicated, the deposition environment difference is large, the influence of the post-diagenesis is obvious, and the matrix permeability of part of the carbonate rock reservoir is low, so that the recovery rate is not high. Carbonate acidizing is a production increase measure for injecting acid liquor into a carbonate oil and gas reservoir, improving the rock permeability by dissolving the carbonate rock and further improving the recovery ratio of the carbonate oil and gas reservoir.
At present, the carbonate acidification numerical simulation method mainly comprises an empirical model method, a microscale model method and a continuous medium model method. The method has the advantages of being low in implementation difficulty, but extremely depending on the physical experiment result of the carbonate rock, and being limited in application range due to the fact that parameters such as the scale of the physical experiment of the carbonate rock acidification, the type of acid liquor and the rock sample reservoir structure selected for the carbonate rock experiment are sensitive to the parameters and the like; the microscale model method is used for respectively establishing control equations of fluid migration and reaction inside the rock framework and the pores by displaying and processing the rock framework and the pores inside the carbonate rock, and further simulating the whole process of carbonate rock acidification, and has the advantage of high simulation precision, but the method can be implemented on the premise that the concrete distribution of the rock framework and the pores in a simulation area is required to be accurately obtained, but the rock framework and the pore distribution range which are accurately obtained at present can only meet the microscale requirement, and the actual carbonate oil-gas reservoir can meet the kilometer scale, so that the microscale model method cannot meet the requirements of engineering practice at present; a continuous medium model method depends on a continuous medium hypothesis theory and a classical oil reservoir numerical simulation model, a research object is considered to fill the whole research area, display processing of a carbonate skeleton and a pore structure is avoided, the whole process of carbonate acidification is simulated by establishing a control model, and the method can meet the simulation range of specific engineering requirements.
In summary, the model methods have certain limitations in practical application, and no mature theory and method are formed in the field of carbonate acidizing numerical simulation, so that how to establish a set of reasonable carbonate acidizing numerical simulation method can correctly describe the physical laws in the carbonate acidizing process and process different reservoir structures of the carbonate oil and gas reservoir, and the method has important significance for carbonate acidizing construction design and efficient exploitation of the carbonate oil and gas reservoir.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the traditional carbonate acidification numerical simulation method, the invention provides a carbonate acidification numerical simulation method.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a carbonate acidizing numerical simulation method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a carbonate target block, acquiring the block general view of the target block, and collecting basic data of the target block, wherein the basic data comprises seismic data, logging data and coring data;
step 2, establishing a carbonate acidification model based on MATLAB software, wherein the carbonate acidification model is provided with a rock system and an acid system, determining a calculation range of the carbonate acidification model by combining target block basic data, carrying out grid division on a calculation region of the carbonate acidification model, and setting carbonate acidification numerical simulation time t;
step 3, selecting a matrix core to perform a rock physical experiment based on the coring data of the target block, obtaining matrix core information in the target block, wherein the matrix core information comprises the density, porosity, permeability, composition, specific surface area, content and distribution condition of the matrix core, and setting an initial value of a matrix core parameter in a rock system of a carbonate acidification model according to the matrix core information;
step 4, selecting a matrix core to perform a stress simulation experiment based on coring data of a target block, combining seismic data and logging data, obtaining crack information in the target block, including the number, the azimuth, the opening degree, the roughness and the internal filling degree of cracks, and setting initial values of crack parameters in a rock system;
step 5, based on the block profile of the target block, combining the coring data and the seismic data to obtain the karst cave information in the target block, including the number, size, shape and internal filling degree of the karst caves, and setting the initial value of the karst cave parameters in the rock system;
step 6, combining the block outline of the target block, carrying out target block acidification design, determining an acid liquor system of the carbonate acidification model, wherein the acid liquor system comprises fluid components, viscosity, density, concentration, diffusion coefficient and content of acid liquor, the intrinsic rate and reaction level of chemical reaction of the acid liquor and the carbonate, and setting an initial value of acid liquor system parameters in the carbonate acidification model;
step 7, establishing a control equation and an auxiliary equation aiming at an acid liquor system and a rock system based on a carbonate rock acidification model, and specifically comprising the following substeps:
step 7.1: establishing an auxiliary equation of porosity and permeability and an auxiliary equation of porosity and specific surface area;
and (3) calculating the permeability of the rock in the acidification process by using a porosity and permeability auxiliary equation, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the formula, k 0 Denotes the permeability of the rock at the initial moment of acidification in m 2 (ii) a k represents the permeability of the rock in m during the acidification process 2 ；
And (3) calculating the specific surface area of the rock in the acidification process by using porosity and a specific surface area auxiliary equation, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the formula, S 0 The specific surface area of the rock at the initial moment of acidification is expressed in m 2 (ii) a S represents the specific surface area of the rock in the acidification process and has the unit of m 2 ；φ 0,fluid Indicating the fluid content at the initial moment of acidificationThe unit of the fluid content comprises the fluid content in the matrix rock core, the cracks and the karst caves at the initial acidification moment;
step 7.2: according to the law of conservation of mass, a fluid continuity equation is established to calculate the pressure of the fluid, and the formula is as follows:
in the formula, ρ liquid Expressed as fluid density in kg/m 3 ；
Then according to the law of conservation of momentum, establishing a Naier-Stokes-Darcy equation, substituting the calculated pressure of the fluid and the permeability of the rock in the acidification process into the Naier-Stokes-Darcy equation, and calculating the velocity of the fluid in the acidification process, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein p represents the pressure of the fluid in MPa; μ represents the viscosity of the fluid in mPa · s; k represents the permeability of the rock in m 2 (ii) a u represents the velocity of the fluid in m/s;
step 7.3: establishing an acid liquor continuity equation according to the mass conservation law, and calculating the content c of the acid liquor in the acidification process by using the acid liquor continuity equation acid The formula is as follows:
in the formula, phi fluid Represents the content of the fluid in%; c. C acid Represents the content of acid liquor and has the unit of mol/m 3 ；D acid Represents the diffusion coefficient of acid solution and has the unit of m 2 /s；
Step 7.4: according to the mass conservation law, a rock continuity equation is established, and the rock continuity equation is utilized to calculate the content of the rock in the acidification process, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein,
in the formula, phi solid Represents the content of rock in%; rho solid Denotes the density of the rock in kg/m 3 (ii) a t represents acidification numerical simulation time with the unit of s; s represents the specific surface area of the rock and has the unit of 1/m; m solid Represents the molar mass of the rock in g/mol; r acid The chemical reaction rate of the acid liquid in the acid liquid system is expressed in mol/(m) 2 ·s)；k s Represents the intrinsic rate of the chemical reaction of acid liquid and carbonate rock, and the unit is mol 1-n /(m 2-3n S); n represents the reaction stage number of the chemical reaction between the acid liquor and the carbonate rock, and the unit is 1; c. C acid Represents the content of acid liquor and has the unit of mol/m 3 ；
And 8, performing carbonate acidification numerical simulation by using a carbonate acidification model based on MATLAB software, solving a control equation and an auxiliary equation of an acid liquor system and a rock system in the carbonate acidification model, and simulating the whole carbonate acidification process.
Preferably, in step 2, the rock system comprises a matrix core, a fracture and a cavern.
Preferably, in the step 3, the matrix core parameters comprise rock content, density, specific surface area, molar mass, permeability and internal fluid content.
Preferably, in the step 4, the fracture parameters include the number, the orientation, the opening degree, the roughness and the internal fluid content of the fracture.
Preferably, in the step 5, the cavern parameters comprise the number, size, shape and internal fluid content of the cavern.
Preferably, in the step 6, the acid liquid system parameters include fluid components, content, diffusion coefficient, density, viscosity of the acid liquid, and intrinsic rate and reaction order of chemical reaction of the acid liquid and the carbonate rock.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method of the invention sets accurate carbonate rock system and acid liquor system calculation models according to the block profile and the basic information of the target block by establishing the carbonate rock acidification model, carries out carbonate rock acidification numerical simulation, has high reliability of the simulation result, meanwhile, the method not only can accurately process the migration and reaction processes of all areas in the carbonate rock in the acidification process, but also can comprehensively consider the complex storage structures such as cracks, karst caves and the like in the carbonate rock oil-gas reservoir, solves the defect that the traditional method can only process the areas which are not completely corroded by acid liquor, provides an equation for processing the complex structures such as matrixes, cracks, karst caves and the like in the carbonate rock oil-gas reservoir, avoids the display processing of the cracks and the karst caves, and meets the design requirement of the actual carbonate rock acidification, has important significance for carbonate acidizing construction design and high-efficiency exploitation of carbonate oil and gas reservoirs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a carbonate acidizing numerical simulation method.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings:
a carbonate acidizing numerical simulation method is used for treatment, and as shown in figure 1, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a carbonate target block, acquiring the block general view of the target block, and collecting basic data of the target block, wherein the basic data comprises seismic data, logging data and coring data.
Step 2, establishing a carbonate acidification model based on MATLAB software, wherein the carbonate acidification model is provided with a rock system and an acid system, and the rock system comprises a matrix core, a crack and a karst cave; and determining the calculation range of the carbonate acidification model by combining the basic data of the target block, performing grid division on the calculation area of the carbonate acidification model, and setting the carbonate acidification numerical simulation time t.
And 3, selecting a matrix core to perform a rock physical experiment based on the coring data of the target block obtained in the step 1, obtaining matrix core information in the target block, wherein the matrix core information comprises the density, porosity, permeability, composition, specific surface area, content and distribution condition of the matrix core, and setting initial values of matrix core parameters in a rock system of the carbonate acidification model according to the matrix core information, wherein the initial values comprise initial values of rock content, density, specific surface area, molar mass, permeability and internal fluid content.
And 4, selecting a matrix core to perform a stress simulation experiment based on the coring data of the target block obtained in the step 1, and combining seismic data and logging data to obtain fracture information in the target block, wherein the fracture information comprises the number, the azimuth, the opening degree, the roughness and the internal filling degree of fractures, and initial values of fracture parameters in a rock system are set, and the initial values comprise the number, the azimuth, the opening degree, the roughness and the internal fluid content of the fractures.
And 5, acquiring karst cave information in the target block by combining coring data and seismic data based on the block profile of the target block in the step 1, wherein the karst cave information comprises the number, the size, the shape and the internal filling degree of the karst caves, and setting initial values of karst cave parameters in a rock system, including initial values of the number, the size, the shape and the internal fluid content of the karst caves.
Step 6, combining the block outline of the target block in the step 1, carrying out target block acidification design, determining an acid liquor system of the carbonate acidification model, wherein the acid liquor system comprises fluid components, viscosity, density, concentration, diffusion coefficient and content of acid liquor, the intrinsic rate and the reaction level of chemical reaction between the acid liquor and the carbonate, and setting an initial value of acid liquor system parameters in the carbonate acidification model; the method comprises the initial values of the fluid components, the content, the diffusion coefficient, the density and the viscosity of the acid liquor, and the intrinsic rate and the reaction level of the chemical reaction of the acid liquor and the carbonate rock.
Step 7, establishing a control equation and an auxiliary equation aiming at an acid liquor system and a rock system based on a carbonate rock acidification model, and specifically comprising the following substeps:
step 7.1: establishing an auxiliary equation of porosity and permeability and an auxiliary equation of porosity and specific surface area;
and (3) calculating the permeability k of the rock in the acidification process by using a porosity and permeability auxiliary equation, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the formula, k 0 The permeability of the rock at the initial moment of acidification, determined by step 3, is expressed in m 2 (ii) a k represents the permeability of the rock in m during the acidification process 2 ；
And (3) calculating the specific surface area S of the rock in the acidification process by using the porosity and the specific surface area auxiliary equation, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the formula, S 0 The specific surface area of the rock at the initial moment of acidification, determined by step 3, is expressed in m 2 (ii) a S represents the specific surface area of the rock in the acidification process and has the unit of m 2 ；φ 0,fluid Representing the fluid content at the initial acidification moment, including the fluid content in matrix cores, cracks and karst caves at the initial acidification moment, determined by the steps 3-5, and the unit is;
step 7.2: according to the law of conservation of mass, a fluid continuity equation is established to calculate the pressure of the fluid, and the formula is as follows:
in the formula, ρ liquid Representing the density of the fluid, determined in step 6, in kg/m 3 ；
Then according to the law of conservation of momentum, establishing a Naier-Stokes-Darcy equation, substituting the calculated pressure of the fluid and the permeability of the rock in the acidification process into the Naier-Stokes-Darcy equation, and calculating the velocity u of the fluid in the acidification process, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein p represents the pressure of the fluid in MPa; μ represents the viscosity of the fluid, determined by step 6, in mPa · s; k represents the permeability of the rock and is calculated by porosity and permeability auxiliary equation and has the unit of m 2 (ii) a u represents the velocity of the fluid in m/s;
step 7.3: establishing an acid liquor continuity equation according to the mass conservation law, and calculating the content c of the acid liquor in the acidification process by using the acid liquor continuity equation acid The formula is as follows:
in the formula, phi fluid Denotes the content of the fluid, φ fluid ＝1-φ solid In units of%; c. C acid Represents the content of acid liquor and has the unit of mol/m 3 ；D acid Represents the diffusion coefficient of acid solution and has the unit of m 2 /s；c acid 、D acid Are all determined by step 6; u represents the velocity of the fluid and is calculated by a Naier-Stokes-Darcy equation, and the unit is m/s;
step 7.4: according to the mass conservation law, a rock continuity equation is established, and the rock content in the acidification process is calculated by using the rock continuity equation, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein,
in the formula, phi solid Represents the content of rock in%; rho solid Denotes the density of the rock in kg/m 3 (ii) a t represents acidification numerical simulation time with the unit of s; s represents the specific surface area of the rock and has the unit of 1/m; m solid Represents the molar mass of the rock, and the unit is g/mol; phi is a solid 、ρ solid 、t、S、M solid Are all determined by step 3; r is acid Represents the chemical reaction rate of the acid liquor in the acid liquor system, and the unit is mol/(m) 2 ·s)；k s Represents the intrinsic rate of the chemical reaction of acid liquid and carbonate rock, and the unit is mol 1-n /(m 2-3n S); n represents the reaction grade number of the chemical reaction between the acid liquor and the carbonate rock, and the unit is 1; c. C acid Represents the content of acid liquor and has the unit of mol/m 3 ；R acid 、k s 、n、c acid Are determined by step 6.
And 8, performing carbonate acidification numerical simulation by using a carbonate acidification model based on MATLAB software, solving a control equation and an auxiliary equation of an acid liquor system and a rock system in the carbonate acidification model, and simulating the whole carbonate acidification process.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make various changes, modifications, additions and substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A carbonate acidizing numerical simulation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting a carbonate target block, acquiring the block general view of the target block, and collecting basic data of the target block, wherein the basic data comprises seismic data, logging data and coring data;
step 2, establishing a carbonate acidification model based on MATLAB software, wherein the carbonate acidification model is provided with a rock system and an acid system, determining a calculation range of the carbonate acidification model by combining target block basic data, carrying out grid division on a calculation region of the carbonate acidification model, and setting carbonate acidification numerical simulation time t;
step 3, selecting a matrix core to perform a rock physical experiment based on the coring data of the target block, obtaining matrix core information in the target block, wherein the matrix core information comprises the density, porosity, permeability, composition, specific surface area, content and distribution condition of the matrix core, and setting an initial value of a matrix core parameter in a rock system of a carbonate acidification model according to the matrix core information;
step 4, selecting a matrix core to perform a stress simulation experiment based on coring data of a target block, combining seismic data and logging data, obtaining crack information in the target block, including the number, the azimuth, the opening degree, the roughness and the internal filling degree of cracks, and setting initial values of crack parameters in a rock system;
step 5, based on the block outline of the target block, combining coring data and seismic data to obtain karst cave information in the target block, including the number, size, shape and internal filling degree of the karst caves, and setting initial values of karst cave parameters in a rock system;
step 6, combining the block outline of the target block, carrying out target block acidification design, determining an acid liquor system of the carbonate acidification model, wherein the acid liquor system comprises fluid components, viscosity, density, concentration, diffusion coefficient and content of acid liquor, the intrinsic rate and reaction level of chemical reaction of the acid liquor and the carbonate, and setting an initial value of acid liquor system parameters in the carbonate acidification model;
step 7, establishing a control equation and an auxiliary equation aiming at an acid liquor system and a rock system based on a carbonate rock acidification model, and specifically comprising the following substeps:
step 7.1: establishing an auxiliary equation of porosity and permeability and an auxiliary equation of porosity and specific surface area;
and (3) calculating the permeability of the rock in the acidification process by using a porosity and permeability auxiliary equation, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the formula, k 0 Denotes the permeability of the rock at the initial moment of acidification in m 2 (ii) a k represents the permeability of the rock in m during the acidification process 2 ；
And (3) calculating the specific surface area of the rock in the acidizing process by using porosity and a specific surface area auxiliary equation, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the formula, S 0 The specific surface area of the rock at the initial moment of acidification is expressed in m 2 (ii) a S represents the specific surface area of the rock in the acidification process and has the unit of m 2 ；φ 0,fluid The fluid content at the initial acidification moment is expressed, and the unit of the fluid content comprises the fluid content inside the matrix rock core, the cracks and the karst caves at the initial acidification moment;
step 7.2: according to the law of conservation of mass, a fluid continuity equation is established to calculate the pressure of the fluid, and the formula is as follows:
in the formula, ρ liquid Expressed as fluid density in kg/m 3 ；
Then according to the law of conservation of momentum, establishing a Naier-Stokes-Darcy equation, substituting the calculated pressure of the fluid and the permeability of the rock in the acidification process into the Naier-Stokes-Darcy equation, and calculating the velocity of the fluid in the acidification process, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein p represents the pressure of the fluid in units ofMPa; μ represents the viscosity of the fluid in mPa · s; k represents the permeability of the rock in m 2 (ii) a u represents the velocity of the fluid in m/s;
step 7.3: establishing an acid liquor continuity equation according to the mass conservation law, and calculating the content c of the acid liquor in the acidification process by using the acid liquor continuity equation acid The formula is as follows:
in the formula, phi fluid Represents the content of fluid in%; c. C acid Represents the content of acid liquor and has the unit of mol/m 3 ；D acid Represents the diffusion coefficient of acid solution and has the unit of m 2 /s；
Step 7.4: according to the mass conservation law, a rock continuity equation is established, and the rock content in the acidification process is calculated by using the rock continuity equation, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein,
in the formula, phi solid Represents the content of rock in%; rho solid Denotes the density of the rock in kg/m 3 (ii) a t represents acidification numerical simulation time with the unit of s; s represents the specific surface area of the rock and has the unit of 1/m; m solid Represents the molar mass of the rock in g/mol; r acid The chemical reaction rate of the acid liquid in the acid liquid system is expressed in mol/(m) 2 ·s)；k s Represents the intrinsic rate of the chemical reaction of acid liquid and carbonate rock, and the unit is mol 1-n /(m 2-3n S); n represents the chemical reaction of acid with carbonate rockThe reaction grade number is 1; c. C acid Represents the content of acid liquor and has the unit of mol/m 3 ；
And 8, performing carbonate acidification numerical simulation by using a carbonate acidification model based on MATLAB software, solving a control equation and an auxiliary equation of an acid liquid system and a rock system in the carbonate acidification model, and simulating the whole carbonate acidification process.
2. The carbonate acidizing numerical simulation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the rock system comprises a matrix core, a fracture and a karst cave.
3. The method for carbonate acidizing numerical simulation of claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the matrix core parameters comprise rock content, density, specific surface area, molar mass, permeability and internal fluid content.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4, fracture parameters include number, orientation, opening, roughness and internal fluid content of the fracture.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 5, the cavern parameters comprise the number, size, shape and internal fluid content of the cavern.
6. The method for numerically simulating the acidification of carbonate rock according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6, the acid liquid system parameters comprise the fluid component, content, diffusion coefficient, density and viscosity of the acid liquid, and the intrinsic rate and reaction order of the chemical reaction between the acid liquid and the carbonate rock.
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| CN114724641A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-07-08 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Double-mineral-component carbonate reservoir acidification numerical simulation method |
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