CN112067307A - LabVIEW-based data acquisition and monitoring system of small piston engine - Google Patents
LabVIEW-based data acquisition and monitoring system of small piston engine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于LabVIEW的小型活塞发动机的数据采集与监测系统，包括发动机控制台、小型活塞发动机、缸压传感器、加速度传感器、缸温传感器、转速传感器、编码器、氧传感器、空燃比分析仪、信号调理模块、数据采集卡和计算机，用于对小型活塞发动机缸内压力信号、缸盖振动信号、温度信号、转速信号，曲轴位置进行实时测量与分析，以完成对小型活塞发动机的性能的状态监测评估。本发明操作方便、界面简单、可靠性高，能够实时准确的监测小型活塞发动机的状态。
The invention discloses a data acquisition and monitoring system for a small piston engine based on LabVIEW, comprising an engine console, a small piston engine, a cylinder pressure sensor, an acceleration sensor, a cylinder temperature sensor, a rotational speed sensor, an encoder, an oxygen sensor, an air-fuel ratio Analyzer, signal conditioning module, data acquisition card and computer are used for real-time measurement and analysis of in-cylinder pressure signal, cylinder head vibration signal, temperature signal, rotational speed signal and crankshaft position of small piston engine, so as to complete the analysis of small piston engine. Condition monitoring evaluation of performance. The invention has convenient operation, simple interface and high reliability, and can accurately monitor the state of the small piston engine in real time.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及发动机数据采集与监测的技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于LabVIEW的小型活塞发动机的数据采集与监测系统。The invention relates to the technical field of engine data acquisition and monitoring, in particular to a LabVIEW-based data acquisition and monitoring system for a small piston engine.
背景技术Background technique
小型活塞发动机作为无人机的动力源，经常在复杂多变、高温、高压、多热摩擦的环境下工作，经常会出现一些故障，这就需要对小型活塞发动机进行数据监测和采集，防止故障的发生。而传感器技术的发展推动了小型活塞发动机状态监测技术的进步，迫切需要能够对小型活塞发动机的状态进行在线实时监测，因此，提供一种可以在线实时监测与采集小型活塞发动机数据的方案成为亟待解决的问题。As the power source of drones, small piston engines often work in complex and changeable, high temperature, high pressure, and multi-thermal friction environments, and some failures often occur. This requires data monitoring and collection of small piston engines to prevent failures. happened. The development of sensor technology has promoted the progress of small piston engine condition monitoring technology. It is urgent to be able to monitor the state of small piston engine in real time online. Therefore, it is urgent to provide a solution that can monitor and collect data of small piston engine in real time online. The problem.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对背景技术中所涉及到的缺陷，提供一种基于LabVIEW的小型活塞发动机的数据采集与监测系统。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a data acquisition and monitoring system for a small piston engine based on LabVIEW, aiming at the defects involved in the background technology.
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用以下技术方案：The present invention adopts the following technical solutions for solving the above-mentioned technical problems:
基于LabVIEW的小型活塞发动机的数据采集与监测系统，包括发动机控制台、空燃比分析仪、氧传感器、缸压传感器、振动传感器、缸温传感器、转速传感器、编码器、信号调理模块、数据采集卡和计算机；Data acquisition and monitoring system for small piston engine based on LabVIEW, including engine console, air-fuel ratio analyzer, oxygen sensor, cylinder pressure sensor, vibration sensor, cylinder temperature sensor, speed sensor, encoder, signal conditioning module, data acquisition card and computers;
所述发动机控制台包括ECU、点火系统、供油系统、冷却系统、启动装置和预热装置，用于负责待监测小型活塞发动机的启动、运转和停止；The engine console includes an ECU, an ignition system, an oil supply system, a cooling system, a starting device and a preheating device, and is used for starting, running and stopping the small piston engine to be monitored;
所述空燃比分析仪、氧传感器均设置在发动机的排气管处，其中，所述氧传感器用于监测发动机尾气的氧含量并将其传递给所述所述信号调理模块，空燃比分析仪用于通过测量发动机尾气的氧含量得出发动机的空燃比信号并将其传递给所述所述信号调理模块，两者配合间接反应发动机混合气的燃烧情况；The air-fuel ratio analyzer and the oxygen sensor are both arranged at the exhaust pipe of the engine, wherein the oxygen sensor is used to monitor the oxygen content of the engine exhaust and transmit it to the signal conditioning module, the air-fuel ratio analyzer It is used to obtain the air-fuel ratio signal of the engine by measuring the oxygen content of the exhaust gas of the engine and transmit it to the signal conditioning module, and the two cooperate to indirectly reflect the combustion condition of the engine mixture;
所述缸压传感器用于监测发动机的缸内压力的变化情况，并将其传递给所述所述信号调理模块；The cylinder pressure sensor is used to monitor the variation of the in-cylinder pressure of the engine and transmit it to the signal conditioning module;
所述振动传感器用于监测发动机的缸盖振动的变化情况，并将其传递给所述所述信号调理模块；The vibration sensor is used to monitor the change of the vibration of the cylinder head of the engine and transmit it to the signal conditioning module;
所述缸温传感器用于监测发动机缸头温度的变化，并将其传递给所述所述信号调理模块；The cylinder temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature change of the engine cylinder head and transmit it to the signal conditioning module;
所述转速传感器用于检测发动机当前的转速，并将其传递给所述所述信号调理模块；The rotational speed sensor is used to detect the current rotational speed of the engine and transmit it to the signal conditioning module;
所述编码器与发动机输出轴采用带传动的方式连接、与发动机输出轴同步转动，用于通过编码器角度值来标定发动机曲轴转角的位置，并将其传递给所述所述信号调理模块；The encoder is connected with the engine output shaft by means of a belt drive, and rotates synchronously with the engine output shaft, used to calibrate the position of the engine crankshaft rotation angle through the encoder angle value, and transmit it to the signal conditioning module;
所述信号调理模块用于将空燃比分析仪、氧传感器、缸压传感器、振动传感器、缸温传感器、转速传感器、编码器的检测信号调理成符合数据采集卡要求的信号后传递数据采集卡；The signal conditioning module is used for conditioning the detection signals of the air-fuel ratio analyzer, the oxygen sensor, the cylinder pressure sensor, the vibration sensor, the cylinder temperature sensor, the rotational speed sensor, and the encoder into a signal that meets the requirements of the data acquisition card, and then transmits the data acquisition card;
所述数据采集卡用于将信号调理模块转换后的模拟信号转换为数字信号后传递给所述计算机；The data acquisition card is used to convert the analog signal converted by the signal conditioning module into a digital signal and transmit it to the computer;
所述计算机用于通过LabVIEW分析和显示接收到的数字信号。The computer is used to analyze and display the received digital signals by LabVIEW.
作为本发明基于LabVIEW的小型活塞发动机的数据采集与监测系统进一步的优化方案，所述缸压传感器的采用的是直插式微型缸压传感器，前端通过打孔密封安装在发动机的气缸内。As a further optimization scheme of the data acquisition and monitoring system of the small piston engine based on LabVIEW of the present invention, the cylinder pressure sensor adopts an in-line micro cylinder pressure sensor, and the front end is installed in the cylinder of the engine through a hole seal.
作为本发明基于LabVIEW的小型活塞发动机的数据采集与监测系统进一步的优化方案，所述振动传感器采用的是微型压电式加速度传感器，通过高温快干胶粘贴在发动机缸盖的隔热平台上。As a further optimization scheme of the data acquisition and monitoring system of the small piston engine based on LabVIEW of the present invention, the vibration sensor adopts a miniature piezoelectric acceleration sensor, which is pasted on the heat insulation platform of the engine cylinder head through high-temperature quick-drying glue .
作为本发明基于LabVIEW的小型活塞发动机的数据采集与监测系统进一步的优化方案，所述缸温传感器采用的是PT100，通过焊接和螺丝固定在发动机的缸头上。As a further optimization scheme of the data acquisition and monitoring system of the small piston engine based on LabVIEW of the present invention, the cylinder temperature sensor adopts PT100, which is fixed on the cylinder head of the engine by welding and screws.
作为本发明基于LabVIEW的小型活塞发动机的数据采集与监测系统进一步的优化方案，所述转速传感器采用的是霍尔传感器，发动机转轴转动时，磁芯经过霍尔传感器，切割磁感线，传感器电路中产生方波信号，通过对连续两个方波信号的边沿进行捕获并根据两个方波信号的时间差值来计算发动机当前的转速。As a further optimization scheme of the data acquisition and monitoring system of the small piston engine based on LabVIEW of the present invention, the speed sensor adopts a Hall sensor. When the engine shaft rotates, the magnetic core passes through the Hall sensor, cuts the magnetic induction line, and the sensor circuit The square wave signal is generated in the middle, and the current speed of the engine is calculated by capturing the edges of two consecutive square wave signals and according to the time difference between the two square wave signals.
作为本发明基于LabVIEW的小型活塞发动机的数据采集与监测系统进一步的优化方案，所述编码器采用光电编码器，其分辨率为600P/R，能够将一圈360°等角度的分为600个扇区，每个扇区的精度为0.6°，对应着二冲程活塞发动机一个工作循环360度；将编码器与发动机输出轴采用带传动的方式连接，保证与发动机输出轴同步转动，通过编码器角度值能够标定发动机曲轴转角的位置。As a further optimization scheme of the data acquisition and monitoring system of the small piston engine based on LabVIEW of the present invention, the encoder adopts a photoelectric encoder with a resolution of 600P/R, which can divide a circle of 360° equal angles into 600 The precision of each sector is 0.6°, which corresponds to a 360-degree working cycle of a two-stroke piston engine; the encoder and the engine output shaft are connected by a belt drive to ensure synchronous rotation with the engine output shaft. The angle value can calibrate the position of the engine crankshaft angle.
作为本发明基于LabVIEW的小型活塞发动机的数据采集与监测系统进一步的优化方案，所述信号调理模块包括缸内压力信号处理单元、电荷转换器和编码器的调理电路，其中：缸内压力信号处理单元用于将缸压传感器的输出信号转换成符合采集卡要求的电信号，电荷转换器用于将振动传感器的输出信号转换成符合采集卡要求的信号，编码器调理电路用于将编码器的输出信号调理成符合采集卡要求的信号。As a further optimization scheme of the data acquisition and monitoring system of the small piston engine based on LabVIEW of the present invention, the signal conditioning module includes an in-cylinder pressure signal processing unit, a charge converter and a conditioning circuit of an encoder, wherein: in-cylinder pressure signal processing The unit is used to convert the output signal of the cylinder pressure sensor into an electrical signal that meets the requirements of the acquisition card, the charge converter is used to convert the output signal of the vibration sensor into a signal that meets the requirements of the acquisition card, and the encoder conditioning circuit is used to convert the output of the encoder. The signal is conditioned into a signal that meets the requirements of the acquisition card.
作为本发明基于LabVIEW的小型活塞发动机的数据采集与监测系统进一步的优化方案，所述数据采集卡采用PXIe-6368数据采集卡，前端为NI SCB-68A抗噪屏蔽I/O接线盒，信号调理模块的输出连接到NI SCB-68A抗噪屏蔽I/O接线盒，接线盒的输出连接到PXIe-6368数据采集卡。As a further optimization scheme of the data acquisition and monitoring system of the small piston engine based on LabVIEW of the present invention, the data acquisition card adopts the PXIe-6368 data acquisition card, the front end is the NI SCB-68A anti-noise shielding I/O junction box, the signal conditioning The output of the module is connected to the NI SCB-68A noise-immune shielded I/O terminal block, and the output of the terminal block is connected to the PXIe-6368 data acquisition card.
本发明采用以上技术方案与现有技术相比，具有以下技术效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the above technical scheme, and has the following technical effects:
本发明提出一种基于LabVIEW的小型活塞发动机数据采集与监测系统，操作方便，显示界面简洁，可靠性高，可以高效的对发动机各类信号进行实时监测与采集。The invention provides a small piston engine data acquisition and monitoring system based on LabVIEW, which is easy to operate, has a concise display interface and high reliability, and can efficiently monitor and collect various types of engine signals in real time.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是发动机数据采集系统平台结构图；Fig. 1 is the platform structure diagram of engine data acquisition system;
图2是发动机上传感器安装位置图；Figure 2 is a diagram of the installation position of the sensor on the engine;
图3是前面板监测界面显示图。Figure 3 is a display diagram of the front panel monitoring interface.
图中，1-缸压传感器，2-振动传感器，3-缸温传感器，4-编码器，5-转速传感器。In the figure, 1-cylinder pressure sensor, 2-vibration sensor, 3-cylinder temperature sensor, 4-encoder, 5-speed sensor.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细说明：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail:
本发明可以以许多不同的形式实现，而不应当认为限于这里所述的实施例。相反，提供这些实施例以便使本公开透彻且完整，并且将向本领域技术人员充分表达本发明的范围。在附图中，为了清楚起见放大了组件。The present invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be considered limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, components are exaggerated for clarity.
如图1所示，本发明公开了一种基于LabVIEW的小型活塞发动机的数据采集与监测系统，包括发动机控制台、空燃比分析仪、氧传感器、缸压传感器、振动传感器、缸温传感器、转速传感器、编码器、信号调理模块、数据采集卡和计算机；As shown in Figure 1, the present invention discloses a data acquisition and monitoring system for a small piston engine based on LabVIEW, including an engine console, an air-fuel ratio analyzer, an oxygen sensor, a cylinder pressure sensor, a vibration sensor, a cylinder temperature sensor, a rotational speed Sensors, encoders, signal conditioning modules, data acquisition cards and computers;
所述发动机控制台包括ECU、点火系统、供油系统、冷却系统、启动装置和预热装置，用于负责待监测小型活塞发动机的启动、运转和停止；The engine console includes an ECU, an ignition system, an oil supply system, a cooling system, a starting device and a preheating device, and is used for starting, running and stopping the small piston engine to be monitored;
所述空燃比分析仪、氧传感器均设置在发动机的排气管处，其中，所述氧传感器用于监测发动机尾气的氧含量并将其传递给所述所述信号调理模块，空燃比分析仪用于通过测量发动机尾气的氧含量得出发动机的空燃比信号并将其传递给所述所述信号调理模块，两者配合间接反应发动机混合气的燃烧情况；The air-fuel ratio analyzer and the oxygen sensor are both arranged at the exhaust pipe of the engine, wherein the oxygen sensor is used to monitor the oxygen content of the engine exhaust and transmit it to the signal conditioning module, the air-fuel ratio analyzer It is used to obtain the air-fuel ratio signal of the engine by measuring the oxygen content of the exhaust gas of the engine and transmit it to the signal conditioning module, and the two cooperate to indirectly reflect the combustion condition of the engine mixture;
所述缸压传感器用于监测发动机的缸内压力的变化情况，并将其传递给所述所述信号调理模块；The cylinder pressure sensor is used to monitor the variation of the in-cylinder pressure of the engine and transmit it to the signal conditioning module;
所述振动传感器用于监测发动机的缸盖振动的变化情况，并将其传递给所述所述信号调理模块；The vibration sensor is used to monitor the change of the vibration of the cylinder head of the engine and transmit it to the signal conditioning module;
所述缸温传感器用于监测发动机缸头温度的变化，并将其传递给所述所述信号调理模块；The cylinder temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature change of the engine cylinder head and transmit it to the signal conditioning module;
所述转速传感器用于检测发动机当前的转速，并将其传递给所述所述信号调理模块；The rotational speed sensor is used to detect the current rotational speed of the engine and transmit it to the signal conditioning module;
所述编码器与发动机输出轴采用带传动的方式连接、与发动机输出轴同步转动，用于通过编码器角度值来标定发动机曲轴转角的位置，并将其传递给所述所述信号调理模块；The encoder is connected with the engine output shaft by means of a belt drive, and rotates synchronously with the engine output shaft, used to calibrate the position of the engine crankshaft rotation angle through the encoder angle value, and transmit it to the signal conditioning module;
所述信号调理模块用于将空燃比分析仪、氧传感器、缸压传感器、振动传感器、缸温传感器、转速传感器、编码器的检测信号调理成符合数据采集卡要求的信号后传递数据采集卡；The signal conditioning module is used for conditioning the detection signals of the air-fuel ratio analyzer, the oxygen sensor, the cylinder pressure sensor, the vibration sensor, the cylinder temperature sensor, the rotational speed sensor, and the encoder into a signal that meets the requirements of the data acquisition card, and then transmits the data acquisition card;
所述数据采集卡用于将信号调理模块转换后的模拟信号转换为数字信号后传递给所述计算机；The data acquisition card is used to convert the analog signal converted by the signal conditioning module into a digital signal and transmit it to the computer;
所述计算机用于通过LabVIEW分析和显示接收到的数字信号。The computer is used to analyze and display the received digital signals by LabVIEW.
所述信号调理模块包括缸内压力信号处理单元、电荷转换器和编码器的调理电路，其中：缸内压力信号处理单元用于将缸压传感器的输出信号转换成符合采集卡要求的电信号，电荷转换器用于将振动传感器的输出信号转换成符合采集卡要求的信号，编码器调理电路用于将编码器的输出信号调理成符合采集卡要求的信号。The signal conditioning module includes an in-cylinder pressure signal processing unit, a charge converter and a conditioning circuit of an encoder, wherein: the in-cylinder pressure signal processing unit is used to convert the output signal of the cylinder pressure sensor into an electrical signal that meets the requirements of the acquisition card, The charge converter is used to convert the output signal of the vibration sensor into a signal that meets the requirements of the acquisition card, and the encoder conditioning circuit is used to condition the output signal of the encoder into a signal that meets the requirements of the acquisition card.
所述的缸压传感器的采用的是直插式微型缸压传感器，前端通过打孔密封安装在发动机的气缸内（如图2中
所述的振动传感器采用的是微型压电式加速度传感器，通过高温快干胶粘贴在发动机缸盖的隔热平台上（如图2中
所述的缸温传感器采用的是PT100，通过焊接和螺丝固定在发动机的缸头上（如图2中的
所述的编码器采用光电编码器，其分辨率为600P/R，即可以将一圈360°等角度的分为600个扇区，每个扇区的精度为0.6°，对应着二冲程活塞发动机一个工作循环360度。将编码器与发动机输出轴采用带传动的方式连接（图2中
所述的转速传感器采用的是霍尔传感器，安装在发动机转轴的红点绿点的上方（如图2中
所述数据采集卡采用PXIe-6368数据采集卡，前端为NI SCB-68A抗噪屏蔽I/O接线盒，信号调理模块的输出连接到NI SCB-68A抗噪屏蔽I/O接线盒，接线盒的输出连接到PXIe-6368数据采集卡。The data acquisition card adopts the PXIe-6368 data acquisition card, the front end is the NI SCB-68A anti-noise shielded I/O junction box, the output of the signal conditioning module is connected to the NI SCB-68A anti-noise shielded I/O junction box, the junction box The output is connected to the PXIe-6368 data acquisition card.
所述的计算机，计算机中含有发动机数据采集程序，采集程序主要有前面板和程序框图两部分。前面板用于对发动机的空燃比、转速、曲轴转角进行实时的监测，如图3所示；程序框图包含生产者和消费者两种模式。The computer includes an engine data acquisition program, and the acquisition program mainly includes two parts: a front panel and a program block diagram. The front panel is used for real-time monitoring of the air-fuel ratio, rotational speed, and crank angle of the engine, as shown in Figure 3; the program block diagram includes two modes: producer and consumer.
前面板用于对发动机的空燃比、转速、曲轴转角等信号进行实时的监测；The front panel is used for real-time monitoring of the engine's air-fuel ratio, rotational speed, crank angle and other signals;
生产者模式用于对发动机的缸内压力信号、振动信号和空燃比信号进行实时的采集，其中的AI电压（模拟输入）与AO（模拟输出）采用共用主时基的方式，可以满足信号的同步采集，方便后期的数据查看与处理；The producer mode is used to collect the in-cylinder pressure signal, vibration signal and air-fuel ratio signal of the engine in real time. The AI voltage (analog input) and AO (analog output) share the main time base, which can meet the requirements of the signal. Synchronous acquisition, convenient for later data viewing and processing;
消费者模式包含二级消费者，其中一级消费者模式又称数据处理消费者循环，主要用于对采集到的数据进行预处理，将采集到的数据单独索引出来，再根据各传感器的参数对数据进行系数调整，最后将处理好的数据进行捆绑进入队列中，进入到数据存储消费者循环中，方便二级消费者对数据进行存储；二级消费者模式又称数据存储消费者循环，主要用于数据的存储，将一级消费者处理后的数据按“按名称解除捆绑”，数据进行解绑提取，再创建为多维数组写入到TDMS文件中。The consumer model includes secondary consumers, of which the primary consumer model is also called the data processing consumer loop, which is mainly used to preprocess the collected data, index the collected data separately, and then according to the parameters of each sensor Adjust the coefficient of the data, and finally bundle the processed data into the queue and enter the data storage consumer loop, which is convenient for secondary consumers to store the data; the secondary consumer mode is also called the data storage consumer loop. It is mainly used for data storage. The data processed by the first-level consumer is "unbundled by name", the data is unbound and extracted, and then created as a multi-dimensional array and written to the TDMS file.
本技术领域技术人员可以理解的是，除非另外定义，这里使用的所有术语（包括技术术语和科学术语）具有与本发明所属领域中的普通技术人员的一般理解相同的意义。还应该理解的是，诸如通用字典中定义的那些术语应该被理解为具有与现有技术的上下文中的意义一致的意义，并且除非像这里一样定义，不会用理想化或过于正式的含义来解释。It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in the general dictionary should be understood to have meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the prior art and, unless defined as herein, are not to be taken in an idealized or overly formal sense. explain.
以上所述的具体实施方式，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The specific embodiments described above further describe the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in further detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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