CN112065647A - Automatic control method for automatic power generation of small hydropower station - Google Patents
Automatic control method for automatic power generation of small hydropower station Download PDFInfo
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- CN112065647A CN112065647A CN202010799676.7A CN202010799676A CN112065647A CN 112065647 A CN112065647 A CN 112065647A CN 202010799676 A CN202010799676 A CN 202010799676A CN 112065647 A CN112065647 A CN 112065647A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B15/00—Controlling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
- F05B2270/20—Purpose of the control system to optimise the performance of a machine
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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Abstract
The invention provides an automatic control method for automatic power generation of a small hydropower station, which comprises the following steps: data identification; judging system locking and control abnormity; judging a startup and shutdown process signal; judging the adjustment function of the subsystem; and executing the regulation function of each subsystem. The method centralizes the service function in the data center, and realizes the centralized control of the hydropower station in the jurisdiction range in the data center. After the water level is reduced to a certain value and the pressure reaches a certain value, the AGC system executes automatic shutdown operation, thereby improving the safety of the system. A power factor balancing mode is set. The system power and water quantity are realized. Automatic balance is realized, operation and maintenance personnel do not need to participate in the operation and maintenance for 24 hours, human resources are liberated, and the operation and maintenance labor cost is reduced. The optimal generating efficiency of the unit is taken as a control target, the generating working condition of the unit is monitored in real time, and the relatively optimal output of the unit under the current working condition is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to an automatic control method for automatic power generation of a small hydropower station.
Background
China is rich in water resources and rapid in hydropower development, but a part of small hydropower stations still have the problems of long operation time, conservative design, backward devices and the like, and the operation reliability and economic benefit of the small hydropower stations are seriously affected, so that the automatic transformation of the small hydropower stations is imperative. With the wide application of advanced and reliable microcomputer integrated automation systems and the continuous development and maturity of advanced information technologies such as 'cloud big thing moving intelligence', the cloud electrical technology is the first to develop the small-hydropower-station operation and maintenance trusteeship service based on the internet big data platform in China. The cloud electrical technology is based on 'small hydropower station digital transformation', takes a 'big data platform' as a core, and achieves the business targets of 'safe operation, less people watching and electric quantity improvement' of small hydropower stations through digital upgrading, so that the comprehensive operation efficiency of the hydropower station is improved.
On the basis of digital transformation of the small hydropower station, the automatic power generation control AGC system replaces the traditional manual regulation mode, and is an important technical means for realizing the cloud power business target.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an automatic power generation control method for a small hydropower station, which can well solve the problems.
In order to meet the requirements, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the automatic power generation control method for the small hydropower station comprises the following steps:
data identification;
judging system locking and control abnormity;
judging a startup and shutdown process signal;
judging the adjustment function of the subsystem;
and executing the regulation function of each subsystem.
The automatic power generation control method for the small hydropower station has the following advantages:
(1) the system integrates the service function in the data center, the centralized control of the hydropower station in the jurisdiction range is realized in the data center, the mode depends on the high reliability of communication, and once the communication between the hydropower station and the data center is interrupted, the remote regulation out-of-control state of the small hydropower station is caused. After the AGC system is on line, because the AGC system is deployed in the local power station, when the water level is reduced to a certain value, the pressure of the AGC system reaches a certain value, the AGC system executes automatic shutdown operation, and the safety of the system is greatly improved.
(2) The AGC system sets a power factor balance mode, and automatically adjusts reactive power when active power is adjusted, so that the constancy of the power factor is guaranteed.
(3) By the AGC system, the automatic balance of the system power and the water quantity is realized, operation and maintenance personnel do not need to participate in the automatic balance for 24 hours, human resources are liberated, and the operation and maintenance labor cost is reduced.
(4) And the AGC system monitors the generating condition of the unit in real time by taking the optimal generating efficiency of the unit as a control target according to an automatic generating control strategy, and ensures the relatively optimal output of the unit under the current working condition.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 schematically shows a work flow diagram of a method for automated control of automated generation of small hydropower stations according to an embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
In the following description, references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example," "an example," etc., indicate that the embodiment or example so described may include a particular feature, structure, characteristic, property, element, or limitation, but every embodiment or example does not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, characteristic, property, element, or limitation. Moreover, repeated use of the phrase "in accordance with an embodiment of the present application" although it may possibly refer to the same embodiment, does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.
Certain features that are well known to those skilled in the art have been omitted from the following description for the sake of simplicity.
According to an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a small hydropower station automatic power generation automatic control method including:
data identification;
judging system locking and control abnormity;
judging a startup and shutdown process signal;
judging the adjustment function of the subsystem;
and executing the regulation function of each subsystem.
According to an embodiment of the application, an automatic control method for automatic power generation of a small hydropower station is provided, and the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
and performing algorithm pretreatment on the water level and pressure signals, caching the n-time measurement results by the system, performing an abnormal data rejection filtering algorithm and a data smoothing algorithm on the n-time sampling values, and taking the comprehensive result data obtained after the n-time measurement samples are calculated as a judgment basis.
According to an embodiment of the application, an automatic control method for automatic power generation of a small hydropower station is provided, and the method specifically comprises the following steps of system locking and abnormal control judgment:
setting four states of operation, exit, locking and abnormal control, wherein the abnormal control state comprises three working conditions of abnormal startup and shutdown, abnormal active control and abnormal reactive control;
when communication interruption, fault blocking signals, data values and quality abnormity, frequency abnormity, designated breaker position opening and manual self-defined blocking data point abnormity, the system enters a blocking state, and automatically shifts to operation after the data is recovered to be normal;
when the startup and shutdown control fails, the system enters a startup and shutdown control abnormal working condition and locks the startup and shutdown operation;
when the increase and decrease of the active power are not converged, the system enters an active power control abnormal working condition and locks the active power control;
when the increase and decrease of the reactive power are not converged, the system enters a reactive power control abnormal working condition and closes the reactive power control.
According to an embodiment of the application, an automatic control method for automatic power generation of a small hydropower station is provided, and the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
controlling a constant water level;
controlling a switch;
controlling the pressure;
controlling the dry water level;
constant power factor control: and automatically calculating a reactive given value according to the set power factor setting value of the unit, and keeping the power factor constant.
According to an embodiment of the application, an automatic control method for automatic power generation of a small hydropower station is provided, and the steps of constant water level control of the method specifically include: the water level change is tracked, active power increasing and decreasing operations are carried out on the unit, the water level is kept relatively constant, the system only carries out active power increasing and decreasing operations to carry out load distribution, and the startup and shutdown operations are not carried out.
According to an embodiment of the application, an automatic control method for automatic power generation of a small hydropower station is provided, and the method specifically comprises the following steps of: and when the power generation power of the started unit is lower than the optimal water level lower limit, the water level is continuously lower than the lower limit, and the unit is closed according to the priority.
According to an embodiment of the application, an automatic control method for automatic power generation of a small hydropower station is provided, and the pressure control method specifically comprises the following steps: the pressure is automatically controlled within a normal range according to the constant water level power generation, the load of the unit is reduced until the unit is shut down when the pressure is smaller than a normal value, and the water level adjusting mode is started after the pressure is recovered to be normal.
According to an embodiment of the application, an automatic control method for automatic power generation of a small hydropower station is provided, and the method specifically comprises the following steps of: when the water level is lower than the set value of the dry water level, the shutdown operation is executed in sequence.
According to an embodiment of the application, an automatic control method for automatic power generation of a small hydropower station is provided, and the method specifically comprises the following steps of: and automatically calculating a reactive given value according to the set power factor setting value of the unit, and keeping the power factor constant.
According to one embodiment of the application, an automatic power generation control method for a small hydropower station is provided, and a system used by the method comprises the following modules:
a data identification module: the system is used for preprocessing the water level and pressure signals, filtering abnormal data points and smoothing the abnormal data points by an algorithm;
an automatic power generation module: the system is used for dispatching the unit to automatically generate power according to the total active set value;
an automatic start-stop module: the device is used for automatically controlling the unit to start and stop;
automatic water level regulation module: the device is used for automatically adjusting the active power of the unit according to the water level set value and keeping the water level constant;
a constant power factor control module: the device is used for automatically calculating a reactive given value according to the set power factor setting value of the unit and keeping the power factor constant;
an automatic pressure adjustment module: the automatic control device is used for automatically controlling power generation according to a constant water level when the pressure is within a normal range; when the pressure is not in the normal range, the constant water level power generation control is quitted, and the load is automatically adjusted according to the pressure;
the low water level shutdown module: when the water level is lower than the low water level, the system executes shutdown operation;
a locking function module: the automatic locking AGC system is used for automatically locking AGC when the frequency is abnormal and appointing the position of the breaker to be opened;
a control exception module: for blocking AGC operation when power-on and power-off fail or control does not converge;
an alarm signal module: the system is used for detecting each acquired real-time data and giving an alarm when the detected data does not accord with the defined normal parameter state;
a historical data recording module: the system is used for recording the system adjusting process and the adjusting result into an adjusting log;
the operation monitoring function module: the system is used for realizing locking and commissioning of equipment, generating and modifying real-time database parameters, generating and modifying various reports and pictures, selecting local control and remote control of the equipment and monitoring an operation condition diagram of each equipment of the system;
the authority management module: the method is used for realizing user-defined users and operation authorities so as to prohibit unauthorized operation, and all manual operations are provided with operation logs.
The automatic power generation Control system AGC (automatic generation Control system) refers to a monitoring technology for meeting the load requirement of a power system by controlling the active power output of a hydraulic power plant through a computer in a program Control mode according to preset conditions and requirements, and realizes the automation of the whole plant on the basis of the automatic Control of a unit hydroelectric generating set. The application research of the AGC automatic power generation control forced system in the small hydropower unmanned direction is mainly aimed at reducing power generation cost, improving generated energy and power generation efficiency and reducing personnel attendance, so that the improvement benefit brought by economic operation in a hydropower station plant is 05-3.0% in terms of operation data, and the method is very considerable in terms of power plant benefit and social benefit. Based on the background, the research on the application of the AGC automatic power generation control system in the unmanned direction of small hydropower stations is urgently needed by the nation and the industry, accords with the development trend of intelligent hydropower stations, has urgency in technical development, and has good social and economic benefits. The core content of the scheme is to construct an AGC system suitable for small hydropower stations, the core of the scheme is to construct an economic operation mathematical model of the small hydropower stations, determine an optimization criterion, an optimization algorithm and various constraint conditions in the automatic power generation control principle of the hydropower stations, analyze the power characteristics of the small hydropower stations and the power characteristics of power stations, determine AGC control strategies (a load control mode, a load distribution principle, a water level control strategy, a pressure control strategy, a locking and control abnormal strategy and the like), develop the design of AGC software of the small hydropower stations, regulate, control and monitor various data by combining a hydropower station control flow and operation control logic, optimize a system interface, and perform example calculation, optimization and application on the specific small hydropower stations.
According to one embodiment of the application, the control strategy of the automatic power generation control method of the small hydropower station is as follows:
load control mode: the system adopts a plant unit combined control mode, and automatically starts, stops and distributes loads according to priority.
Load distribution principle: 1. the system records the optimal efficiency unit and distributes load according to priority. 2. The system records the optimal efficiency area of the unit and enables the unit to operate in the optimal area as much as possible. 3. The number of actions is reduced as much as possible, frequent starting and stopping are avoided, and the service life is prolonged.
The water level control strategy is as follows: 1. when the actual water level is higher than the set value, the system automatically increases the active power. 2. And when the actual water level is lower than the set value but higher than the low water level, automatically reducing the active power. 3. And when the water level is reduced to be below the low water level, a stop command is issued, and all the generator sets are stopped.
The pressure control strategy is as follows: 1. the pressure is automatically controlled within the normal range according to the constant water level. 2. And if the pressure is smaller than the normal value, the load of the unit is reduced until the unit is stopped. 3. And after the pressure is recovered to be normal, starting a water level adjusting mode.
The lockout and control exception strategy is as follows: 1. the AGC system has three working conditions of operation, exit, locking and the like, the AGC unit has an abnormal control state besides the three states, and the abnormal control state comprises three working conditions of abnormal startup and shutdown, abnormal active control and abnormal reactive control. 2. The running and quitting states need manual operation. 3. When communication interruption, fault blocking signals, data value and quality abnormity, frequency abnormity, designated breaker position opening and manual self-defined blocking data point abnormity, the system enters a blocking state, and automatically shifts to operation after the data is recovered to be normal. 4. When the startup and shutdown control fails, the system enters a 'startup and shutdown control abnormal' working condition and locks the startup and shutdown operation; when the increase and decrease of active power are not converged, the system enters an 'active power control abnormal' working condition and locks active power control; when the increase and decrease of the reactive power are not converged, the system enters a working condition of abnormal reactive power control and closes the reactive power control. 5. The control of the abnormal state requires manual reset.
According to one embodiment of the application, the main control flow of the automatic power generation control method of the small hydropower station is as follows:
step one, data identification: the data recognition process is also called a data preprocessing process. The water level and pressure signals are the core judgment basis for the regulation of the AGC control system, and due to the interference of the field environment, the data quality of the water level and pressure signals is not high, and the problems of data volatility and data reliability exist, the system carries out algorithm pretreatment on the water level and pressure signals. The system caches n times of measurement results, and performs an abnormal data rejection filtering algorithm (rejection algorithm larger than 3 standard deviations) and a data smoothing algorithm (least square linear fitting algorithm) on n times of sampling values. The judgment basis of the system for control is that the system does not depend on the real-time value of single measurement any more, but carries out judgment according to the comprehensive result data after the calculation of n measurement samples.
Secondly, judging system locking and control abnormity: the AGC system has three working conditions of operation, exit, locking and the like, the AGC unit has an abnormal control state besides the three states, and the abnormal control state comprises three working conditions of abnormal startup and shutdown, abnormal active control and abnormal reactive control. The running and quitting states need manual operation. When communication interruption, fault blocking signals, data value and quality abnormity, frequency abnormity, designated breaker position opening and manual self-defined blocking data point abnormity, the system enters a blocking state, and automatically shifts to operation after the data is recovered to be normal. When the startup and shutdown control fails, the system enters a 'startup and shutdown control abnormal' working condition and locks the startup and shutdown operation; when the increase and decrease of active power are not converged, the system enters an 'active power control abnormal' working condition and locks active power control; when the increase and decrease of the reactive power are not converged, the system enters a working condition of abnormal reactive power control and closes the reactive power control. The control of the abnormal state requires manual reset.
Thirdly, judging a startup and shutdown process signal: when the system performs a power-on/off operation, the system enters a power-on/off process state, which typically takes 5 to 20 minutes, during which the system locks out all other control operations.
Fourthly, enabling and judging the adjustment function of the subsystem: the system has the functions of constant water level power regulation, startup and shutdown regulation, pressure control regulation, low water level shutdown and constant power factor regulation. Besides the constant water level adjusting function, if other adjusting functions need to be started, the function adjusting enabling fixed value needs to be set as 'input'. Controlling the constant water level: and tracking the water level change, increasing and decreasing active power operation is carried out on the unit, and the water level is kept relatively constant. The constant level adjustment subsystem only carries out increase and decrease active operation to carry out load distribution, and does not carry out startup and shutdown operation. If the on-off control is required, the on-off control subsystem function is required to be enabled. And (3) startup and shutdown control: when the started unit is fully started, the water level continuously exceeds the upper limit, and the un-started unit is started to generate power according to the priority; and when the generating power of the set is lower than the optimal water level lower limit after the set is started, the water level is continuously lower than the lower limit, and the set is closed according to the priority. And (3) pressure control: the pressure is automatically controlled within the normal range according to the constant water level. And if the pressure is smaller than the normal value, the load of the unit is reduced until the unit is stopped. And after the pressure is recovered to be normal, starting a water level adjusting mode. Controlling the dry water level: when the water level is lower than the set value of the dry water level, the shutdown operation is executed in sequence. Constant power factor control: the system automatically calculates the given reactive power value according to the set power factor setting value of the unit and keeps the power factor constant.
And fifthly, executing the regulation functions of all subsystems: and executing the subsystem regulation function according to the enabling condition of each regulation subsystem. The adjustment process and results are recorded in the system log. The success and failure verification is carried out on the adjustment result every time, and the abnormal operation is recorded when the startup and shutdown adjustment fails; the active and reactive mediation does not converge for a plurality of consecutive times (three times by default), and the abnormal operation is recorded. The unit control is locked when the operation is abnormal.
The quality control of the water level and pressure signals is realized, the water level and pressure signals are the core judgment basis for the regulation of an AGC control system, the problems of data volatility and data reliability exist due to the interference of the field environment and the low data quality of the water level and pressure signals, and the system carries out algorithm pretreatment on the water level and pressure signals.
The above-mentioned embodiments only show some embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An automatic control method for automatic power generation of a small hydropower station is characterized by comprising the following steps:
data identification;
judging system locking and control abnormity;
judging a startup and shutdown process signal;
judging the adjustment function of the subsystem;
and executing the regulation function of each subsystem.
2. The automated control method for automated power generation of a small hydropower station according to claim 1, wherein the data identification step specifically comprises:
and performing algorithm pretreatment on the water level and pressure signals, caching the n-time measurement results by the system, performing an abnormal data rejection filtering algorithm and a data smoothing algorithm on the n-time sampling values, and taking the comprehensive result data obtained after the n-time measurement samples are calculated as a judgment basis.
3. The automated control method for automatic power generation of a small hydropower station according to claim 1, wherein the step of system locking and control abnormality judgment specifically comprises:
setting four states of operation, exit, locking and abnormal control, wherein the abnormal control state comprises three working conditions of abnormal startup and shutdown, abnormal active control and abnormal reactive control;
when communication interruption, fault blocking signals, data values and quality abnormity, frequency abnormity, designated breaker position opening and manual self-defined blocking data point abnormity, the system enters a blocking state, and automatically shifts to operation after the data is recovered to be normal;
when the startup and shutdown control fails, the system enters a startup and shutdown control abnormal working condition and locks the startup and shutdown operation;
when the increase and decrease of the active power are not converged, the system enters an active power control abnormal working condition and locks the active power control;
when the increase and decrease of the reactive power are not converged, the system enters a reactive power control abnormal working condition and closes the reactive power control.
4. The automated control method for automated power generation of a small hydropower station according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining the adjustment function enable of the subsystem specifically comprises:
controlling a constant water level;
controlling a switch;
controlling the pressure;
controlling the dry water level;
constant power factor control: and automatically calculating a reactive given value according to the set power factor setting value of the unit, and keeping the power factor constant.
5. The automatic control method for automatic power generation of a small hydropower station according to claim 4, wherein the step of constant water level control specifically comprises: the water level change is tracked, active power increasing and decreasing operations are carried out on the unit, the water level is kept relatively constant, the system only carries out active power increasing and decreasing operations to carry out load distribution, and the startup and shutdown operations are not carried out.
6. The automated control method for automatic power generation of a small hydropower station according to claim 4, wherein the step of controlling the on-off machine specifically comprises: and when the power generation power of the started unit is lower than the optimal water level lower limit, the water level is continuously lower than the lower limit, and the unit is closed according to the priority.
7. The automated control method for automated power generation of a small hydropower station according to claim 4, wherein the pressure control step specifically comprises: the pressure is automatically controlled within a normal range according to the constant water level power generation, the load of the unit is reduced until the unit is shut down when the pressure is smaller than a normal value, and the water level adjusting mode is started after the pressure is recovered to be normal.
8. The automatic control method for the automatic power generation of the small hydropower station according to claim 4, wherein the dry land level control step specifically comprises: when the water level is lower than the set value of the dry water level, the shutdown operation is executed in sequence.
9. The automated control method for automatic power generation of a small hydropower station according to claim 4, wherein the constant power factor control specifically comprises: and automatically calculating a reactive given value according to the set power factor setting value of the unit, and keeping the power factor constant.
10. The automated control method for automated power generation of small hydropower stations according to claim 1, characterized in that the method uses a system comprising the following modules:
a data identification module: the system is used for preprocessing the water level and pressure signals, filtering abnormal data points and smoothing the abnormal data points by an algorithm;
an automatic power generation module: the system is used for dispatching the unit to automatically generate power according to the total active set value;
an automatic start-stop module: the device is used for automatically controlling the unit to start and stop;
automatic water level regulation module: the device is used for automatically adjusting the active power of the unit according to the water level set value and keeping the water level constant;
a constant power factor control module: the device is used for automatically calculating a reactive given value according to the set power factor setting value of the unit and keeping the power factor constant;
an automatic pressure adjustment module: the automatic control device is used for automatically controlling power generation according to a constant water level when the pressure is within a normal range; when the pressure is not in the normal range, the constant water level power generation control is quitted, and the load is automatically adjusted according to the pressure;
the low water level shutdown module: when the water level is lower than the low water level, the system executes shutdown operation;
a locking function module: the automatic locking AGC system is used for automatically locking AGC when the frequency is abnormal and appointing the position of the breaker to be opened;
a control exception module: for blocking AGC operation when power-on and power-off fail or control does not converge;
an alarm signal module: the system is used for detecting each acquired real-time data and giving an alarm when the detected data does not accord with the defined normal parameter state;
a historical data recording module: the system is used for recording the system adjusting process and the adjusting result into an adjusting log;
the operation monitoring function module: the system is used for realizing locking and commissioning of equipment, generating and modifying real-time database parameters, generating and modifying various reports and pictures, selecting local control and remote control of the equipment and monitoring an operation condition diagram of each equipment of the system;
the authority management module: the method is used for realizing user-defined users and operation authorities so as to prohibit unauthorized operation, and all manual operations are provided with operation logs.
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CN114962130A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-08-30 | 长沙光润电气科技有限公司 | Method for automatically controlling generator set to work through water level in hydropower station |
CN114962130B (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2024-03-08 | 长沙光润电气科技有限公司 | Method for automatically controlling operation of generator set through water level in hydropower station |
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Application publication date: 20201211 |