CN112064687B - Pile foundation comprehensive detection method based on initial stiffness method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pile foundation comprehensive detection method based on an initial stiffness method, which comprises the steps of screening representative pile foundations from all pile foundations in a pile foundation field to construct a pile foundation standard library; and finally, testing each pile foundation in the pile foundation field by adopting a fast loading method, correcting the bearing capacity obtained by testing the tested bearing capacity by the aid of the corrected variable, and improving the detection precision of the bearing capacity of the pile foundation. The invention greatly reduces the technical difficulty of detecting pile foundations in batches, and the detection is simpler, more economic and more practical. Meanwhile, the detection precision of dynamic measurement of the bearing capacity of the pile foundation is improved on the premise of improving the detection efficiency of the pile foundation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pile foundation comprehensive detection method, which adopts a pile foundation detection device to carry out pile foundation detection so as to carry out comprehensive analysis on the integrity and the bearing capacity of a pile foundation and further more accurately carry out comprehensive evaluation on the performance of the pile foundation.
Background
The pile foundation is one of the most main foundation forms in engineering, and the working performance of the pile foundation not only relates to the overall safety performance of an engineering structure, but also influences the actual operation life of the engineering structure. At present, two general detection modes, namely static detection mode and dynamic detection mode, are commonly used for detecting a pile foundation, and domestic detection methods for the popular integrity of the pile foundation mainly comprise damage detection and nondestructive detection, wherein the damage detection such as a coring method, the nondestructive detection such as a low-strain method and the like are widely applied integrity detection methods; the bearing capacity detection of the domestic pile foundation is divided into static detection and dynamic detection technologies, wherein the static detection technology is a pile loading method, an anchor pile method, a self-balancing method and the like, and the dynamic detection method is a mature detection technology applied to the dynamic detection method such as a high strain method and the like.
The rapid-loading method pile foundation detection technology is applied internationally and maturely, but the rapid-loading method pile foundation detection technology depends on dynamic and static detection equipment under an explosion technology to a great extent, so that the application risk is great in China with high population density, and the rapid-loading method pile foundation detection technology is not popularized all the time. With the successful research and development of the fast loading method detection equipment under the non-explosive technology, the fast loading method pile foundation detection technology has a huge detection market in China.
The fast method pile foundation detection technology of carrying is a kind of pile foundation detection technology, and this kind of pile foundation detection technology refers to based on the different theoretical models that fast method check out test set goes on and implement signals such as detection mode detection output, acceleration and displacement, obtains pile foundation integrality and bearing capacity through to signal analysis. The fast-loading method pile foundation detection technology comprises an unloading point method, a sectional unloading point method, an initial stiffness method, a corrected initial stiffness method, a simultaneous method, a structural damping method and the like, wherein although all different detection methods are used for detecting the main equipment, the auxiliary test and the equipment use method have larger difference, and the used range is different from the applicable rock and soil environment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a pile foundation comprehensive detection method based on an initial stiffness method. The detection method forms a static and dynamic comprehensive pile foundation bearing capacity detection technology, and improves the detection precision of dynamic pile foundation bearing capacity.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a pile foundation comprehensive detection method based on an initial stiffness method is characterized in that before pile foundation detection in a pile foundation field is carried out, representative pile foundations are screened from all pile foundations in the pile foundation field to construct a pile foundation standard library; and finally, testing each pile foundation in the pile foundation standard library by adopting a fast loading method, correcting the bearing capacity obtained by testing the tested bearing capacity by using the tested bearing capacity and the correction variable supplemented with the correction variable, so that the corrected bearing capacity of which the numerical value is more approximate to the actual bearing capacity of the pile foundation can be obtained, and the bearing capacity and the integrity of the pile foundation can be comprehensively judged more closely.
Further, the comprehensive pile foundation detection method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation before pile foundation detection
Designing fast loading method pile foundation detection equipment according to pile foundation site survey data, design data and site conditions;
(2) pile foundation detection field work
2.1, comprehensively considering the site survey data, the design data and the site conditions of the pile foundation, and selecting a representative pile foundation to form a pile foundation standard library according to the pile type, the geological environment of the pile foundation and the base layer of the pile bottom;
2.2, after the pile foundation is stopped for a specified time, testing each pile foundation in the pile foundation standard library by adopting a static load method, and recording the bearing capacity F1 of each pile foundation obtained through the static load method one by one;
2.3, for the pile foundations subjected to the static load method test in the step 2.2, carrying out an initial rigidity method test by adopting the quick load method pile foundation detection equipment in the step (1) one by one, and recording the bearing capacity F2 obtained by each pile foundation through the initial rigidity method test one by one;
2.4, comparing the bearing capacity F1 obtained by each pile foundation in the step 2.2 with the bearing capacity F2 obtained in the step 2.3, and if the data error between the bearing capacity F1 and the bearing capacity F2 of the same pile foundation is in a theoretical prediction range, recording the bearing capacity error delta F = F1-F2; if the data error of the bearing capacity F1 and the bearing capacity F2 of the same pile foundation exceeds the theoretical prediction range, returning to the step 2.1, selecting another pile foundation to be replaced according to the pile type characteristics of the pile foundation, the geological environment of the pile foundation and the base layer where the pile bottom is located, and then sequentially performing the steps 2.2-2.4 until the bearing capacity error delta F of the replaced pile foundation is within the theoretical prediction range, and recording the bearing capacity error delta F of the pile foundation;
2.5, according to the bearing capacity error delta F of the pile foundation standard library obtained in the step 2.4, obtaining a corresponding correction variable k through analysis; the correcting variable k is a constant or a correcting curve;
2.6, detecting each pile foundation in the pile foundation field only by the fast loading method test described in step 2.4, and correcting the bearing capacity F2 obtained in the detection data by a correction variable to obtain a corrected bearing capacity F'; the corrected bearing capacity F' can be more truly close to the actual bearing capacity of the pile foundation;
(3) detection analysis method
And (3) according to the fast loading method test data of each pile foundation in the pile foundation standard library obtained in the step 2.6, obtaining a corresponding displacement time-course curve, an acceleration time-course curve and a force time-course curve so as to analyze the integrity and the bearing capacity of each pile foundation in the pile foundation standard library and form a detection report.
Further, the fast-loading method pile foundation detection equipment in the step (1) is pile foundation detection equipment based on an initial stiffness method.
Further, the pile foundation detection equipment based on the initial stiffness method comprises a supporting device, a load, a guide rod, a buffering device, a signal detection system and a lifting-releasing device;
the signal detection system comprises a force sensor, an acceleration sensor and a displacement sensor;
the power output end of the lifting-releasing device is connected with a load sleeved on the periphery of the guide rod;
the upper end of the guide rod is connected with the supporting device;
the buffer device is sleeved at the lower end of the guide rod;
the load can fall down to the hammer cushioning device along the guide rod under the power action of the lifting-releasing device.
Furthermore, the lifting-releasing device comprises a winch, a rope and a fixed pulley, wherein the fixed part of the winch is fixed on the ground, the actuating end of the winch is connected with one end of the rope, and the other end of the rope is connected with the upper end of the load after being guided by the fixed pulley.
Furthermore, the supporting device comprises two supporting columns and a cross beam, and two ends of the cross beam are respectively connected with the top ends of the two supporting columns.
Further, the supporting device is built by adopting a truss structure.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) under the prerequisite that has promoted pile foundation detection efficiency, guaranteed the detection precision of pile foundation bearing capacity.
(2) Compared with the traditional static load detection method, the technical difficulty of detecting pile foundations in batches is greatly reduced, and the detection is simpler, more economical and more practical.
(3) The comprehensive detection technology can simultaneously analyze the integrity of the pile foundation, simplify the detection process and save the low strain detection cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a pile foundation comprehensive detection method based on an initial stiffness method.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of pile foundation detection equipment based on an initial stiffness method.
In the figure: 1 is a supporting device, and 2 is a load; 3 is a guiding device; 4 is a buffer device; 5 is a force sensor and an acceleration sensor; 6 is a displacement sensor; and 7, a lifting release device.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The relative arrangement of the components and steps, expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may also be oriented in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations).
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition, for the purpose of convenience of description, the vertical direction, the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction are perpendicular to each other, and the two directions in the vertical direction are up and down directions respectively.
As shown in fig. 1, in the method for comprehensively detecting a pile foundation based on the initial stiffness method, before detecting a pile foundation in a pile foundation field, a pile foundation standard library is established according to a specific rule, then a static load method test and an initial stiffness method test are sequentially performed on one pile foundation in the pile foundation standard library, test data differences between the two are compared, and if a test data error between the two is within a theoretical prediction range, corresponding test data are obtained for the rest pile foundations in the pile foundation standard library only through a fast load method test, so that comprehensive judgment can be performed on the bearing capacity and integrity of the pile foundation. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation before pile foundation detection
Developing an equipment approach scheme through pile foundation site survey data, design data and site conditions, namely designing the pile foundation detection equipment based on the initial stiffness method as shown in figure 2;
the quick-loading method pile foundation detection equipment utilizes a lifting-releasing device to lift a detection load to a set height along a guide device (guide rod), when the detection is started, the lifting-releasing device is used for releasing the load at the set height, the load loads a pile foundation end through the guide rod in the guide device, after the loading is completed, a mechanical/electronic confinement device in the guide device confines the load, a signal detection system (comprising a force sensor, an acceleration sensor and a displacement sensor) records signals of force, acceleration, displacement and the like in the process, and the recorded data is utilized for pile foundation analysis to obtain the detection result of the bearing capacity and the integrity of the pile foundation.
The pile foundation detection equipment based on the initial stiffness method comprises a supporting device, a load, a guide rod, a buffering device, a signal detection system and a lifting-releasing device; the supporting device is built by adopting a truss structure and comprises two supporting stand columns and a cross beam, and two ends of the cross beam are respectively connected with the top ends of the two supporting stand columns. The power output end of the lifting-releasing device is connected with a load sleeved on the periphery of the guide rod and comprises a winch, a rope and a fixed pulley, the fixed part of the winch is fixed on the ground, the actuating end of the winch is connected with one end of the rope, and the other end of the rope is connected with the upper end of the load after being guided by the fixed pulley; the upper end of the guide rod is connected with the supporting device; the buffer device is sleeved at the lower end of the guide rod; the load can fall down to the hammer cushioning device along the guide rod under the power action of the lifting-releasing device.
The signal detection system is mainly used for obtaining a force time course curve, a displacement time course curve and an acceleration time course curve. Specifically, the load is released through the lifting-releasing device, when the load falls to the buffering device under the action of power of the lifting-releasing device, the signal detection system starts to collect corresponding stress, displacement and acceleration signals, when the load rebounds to be separated from the buffering device, data collection of the signal detection system is finished, and a force time course curve, a displacement time course curve and an acceleration time course curve are formed by the signal detection system corresponding to the force, displacement and acceleration signals in a time period t; the time period t is the time interval between the moment when the load falls to the buffer device and the moment when the load rebounds to separate from the buffer device; and judging whether the detection of the pile foundation is continued or not according to the acquisition result of the signal detection system, lifting the bearing platform and the load on the bearing platform to the designed detection height along the guide rod again by using a power device of the lifting-releasing device when the field analysis acquisition result is unqualified, and performing hammering detection again until the acquisition result is qualified and stopping hammering.
(2) Pile foundation detection field work
2.1, constructing a pile foundation standard library: comprehensively considering the site survey data, the design data and the site conditions of the pile foundation, and selecting a representative pile foundation according to the pile type, the geological environment of the pile foundation and the base layer of the pile bottom to form a pile foundation standard library;
2.2, testing the pile foundation by a static load method: according to the geotechnical environment of the pile foundation, the pile foundation in the pile foundation standard library is subjected to rest, and the rest time is shown in table 1; then testing each pile foundation in the pile foundation standard library by adopting a static load method, and recording the bearing capacity F1 obtained by each pile foundation through the static load method; and the static load method test meets the standard requirement. The specifications mentioned here refer to technical specifications for detecting pile foundations in electric power engineering (DL/T5493) 2014, technical specifications for detecting pile foundations in building (JGJ 106) 2014, technical specifications for detecting pile foundations in road engineering (JTG/T3512) 2020, technical specifications for detecting pile foundations in railway engineering (TB 10218) 2019, and the like.
2.3, testing the pile foundation by an initial rigidity method: and (3) for the pile foundations subjected to the static load method test in the step 2.2, performing an initial rigidity method test by adopting the rapid load method pile foundation detection equipment in the step (1) one by one, and recording the bearing capacity F2 of each pile foundation obtained through the initial rigidity method test.
Specifically, arranging the fast-loading method pile foundation detection equipment to enter the field, carrying out corresponding initial rigidity method tests after debugging is finished, namely carrying out data acquisition after loading release after the fast-loading method pile foundation detection equipment is installed and debugged, and stopping the tests when the acquired data is qualified.
2.4 obtaining a correcting variable k
2.4.1, comparing the bearing capacity F1 obtained by each pile foundation in the step 2.2 with the bearing capacity F2 obtained in the step 2.3, and if the data error between the bearing capacity F1 and the bearing capacity F2 of the same pile foundation is in a theoretical prediction range, recording the bearing capacity error delta F = F1-F2; if the data error of the bearing capacity F1 and the bearing capacity F2 of the same pile foundation exceeds the theoretical prediction range, returning to the step 2.1, selecting another pile foundation to be replaced according to the pile type characteristics of the pile foundation, the geological environment of the pile foundation and the base layer where the pile bottom is located, and then sequentially performing the steps 2.2-2.4 until the bearing capacity error delta F of the replaced pile foundation is within the theoretical prediction range, and recording the bearing capacity error delta F of the pile foundation;
2.4.2, obtaining a corresponding correction variable k through analysis according to the bearing capacity error delta F of the pile foundation standard library obtained in the step 2.4.1; the correcting variable k is a constant or a correcting curve;
2.5, detecting each pile foundation in the pile foundation field only through the test of the fast loading method in the step 2.4 to obtain detection data corresponding to each pile foundation one by one, wherein the detection data comprise a bearing capacity signal F2, an acceleration signal and a displacement signal;
detecting the bearing force F2 obtained in the data, and uniformly correcting by a correction variable to obtain a corrected bearing force F'; the corrected bearing capacity F' can be more truly close to the actual bearing capacity of the pile foundation;
(3) detection analysis method
And (3) obtaining a corresponding displacement time-course curve, acceleration time-course curve and force time-course curve according to the corrected bearing capacity F', the acceleration signal and the displacement signal of each pile foundation in the pile foundation standard library obtained in the step 2.5, so as to analyze the integrity and the bearing capacity of each pile foundation in the pile foundation standard library and form a detection report.
Claims (1)
1. A pile foundation comprehensive detection method based on an initial stiffness method is characterized in that before pile foundation detection in a pile foundation field is carried out, representative pile foundations are screened from all pile foundations in the pile foundation field to construct a pile foundation standard library; then after each pile foundation in the pile foundation standard library is subjected to a static load method test and an initial stiffness method test in sequence, the bearing capacity difference of each pile foundation obtained through the two test tests is compared, the bearing capacity difference of each pile foundation obtained through the two test tests is analyzed to obtain a correction variable of the bearing capacity deviating from the actual bearing capacity of the pile foundation when the pile foundation is tested by the initial stiffness method, finally, each pile foundation in a pile foundation field is tested by only adopting a rapid load method, the obtained bearing capacity is corrected by the correction variable, and the corrected bearing capacity of which the numerical value is more approximate to the actual bearing capacity of the pile foundation can be obtained, so that closer comprehensive judgment can be made on the bearing capacity and the integrity of the pile foundation;
the comprehensive detection method for the pile foundation comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation before pile foundation detection
Designing pile foundation detection equipment based on an initial stiffness method through pile foundation site survey data, design data and site conditions;
the pile foundation detection equipment based on the initial stiffness method comprises a supporting device, a load, a guide rod, a buffering device, a signal detection system and a lifting-releasing device;
the signal detection system comprises a force sensor, an acceleration sensor and a displacement sensor; the force sensor and the acceleration sensor are arranged on the top surface of the pile foundation, and the displacement sensor is arranged on the pile side of the pile foundation;
the power output end of the lifting-releasing device is connected with a load sleeved on the periphery of the guide rod;
the upper end of the guide rod is connected with the supporting device;
the buffer device is sleeved at the lower end of the guide rod;
the load can fall to the hammering buffer device along the guide rod under the power action of the lifting-releasing device;
the lifting-releasing device comprises a winch, a rope and a fixed pulley, wherein the fixed part of the winch is fixed on the ground, the actuating end of the winch is connected with one end of the rope, and the other end of the rope is connected with the upper end of a load after being guided by the fixed pulley;
the supporting device comprises two supporting stand columns and a cross beam, and two ends of the cross beam are respectively connected with the top ends of the two supporting stand columns;
(2) pile foundation detection field work
2.1, comprehensively considering the site survey data, the design data and the site conditions of the pile foundation, and selecting a representative pile foundation to form a pile foundation standard library according to the pile type, the geological environment of the pile foundation and the base layer of the pile bottom;
2.2, after the pile foundation is stopped for a specified time, testing each pile foundation in the pile foundation standard library by adopting a static load method, and recording the bearing capacity F1 of each pile foundation obtained through the static load method one by one;
2.3, for the pile foundations subjected to the static load method test in the step 2.2, performing an initial stiffness method test by adopting pile foundation detection equipment based on the initial stiffness method in the step (1) one by one, and recording the bearing capacity F2 obtained by each pile foundation through the initial stiffness method test;
2.4, comparing the bearing capacity F1 obtained by each pile foundation in the step 2.2 with the bearing capacity F2 obtained in the step 2.3, and if the data error between the bearing capacity F1 and the bearing capacity F2 of the same pile foundation is within a theoretical prediction range, recording the bearing capacity error delta F = F1-F2; if the data error of the bearing capacity F1 and the bearing capacity F2 of the same pile foundation exceeds the theoretical prediction range, returning to the step 2.1, selecting another pile foundation to be replaced according to the pile type characteristics of the pile foundation, the geological environment of the pile foundation and the base layer where the pile bottom is located, and then sequentially performing the steps 2.2-2.4 until the bearing capacity error delta F of the replaced pile foundation is within the theoretical prediction range, and recording the bearing capacity error delta F of the pile foundation;
2.5, according to the bearing capacity error delta F of the pile foundation standard library obtained in the step 2.4, obtaining a corresponding correction variable k through analysis; the correcting variable k is a constant or a correcting curve;
2.6, detecting each pile foundation in the pile foundation field only through a test of a fast loading method, and correcting the bearing capacity F3 obtained in the detection data through a correction variable to obtain corrected bearing capacity F'; the corrected bearing capacity F' can be more truly close to the actual bearing capacity of the pile foundation;
(3) detection analysis method
And (3) according to the fast loading method test data of each pile foundation obtained in the step 2.6, correcting the bearing capacity F3 obtained in the fast loading method test data by adopting a correction variable, and further obtaining a corresponding displacement time course curve, an acceleration time course curve and a force time course curve so as to analyze the integrity and the bearing capacity of each pile foundation and form a detection report.
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| US6311567B1 (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 2001-11-06 | Kvaerner Cementation Foundation Ltd. | Automatic static load testing for piles |
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| CN108918278A (en) * | 2018-07-08 | 2018-11-30 | 北京工业大学 | Pile foundation indoor model test method |
| CN111576506A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-25 | 海安东大岩土桩基工程检测有限公司 | Novel method for detecting bearing capacity of pile foundation |
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| US6311567B1 (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 2001-11-06 | Kvaerner Cementation Foundation Ltd. | Automatic static load testing for piles |
| JP2003194636A (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2003-07-09 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Dynamic loading device for pile, dynamic loading method for pile and dynamic loading test method |
| CN102928293A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-02-13 | 重庆交通大学 | Dynamic and static testing system and method for multifunctional wharf structure |
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