CN112064599B - Forward water taking structure for preventing blockage of floating objects and floating discharge method - Google Patents
Forward water taking structure for preventing blockage of floating objects and floating discharge method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112064599B CN112064599B CN202010885841.0A CN202010885841A CN112064599B CN 112064599 B CN112064599 B CN 112064599B CN 202010885841 A CN202010885841 A CN 202010885841A CN 112064599 B CN112064599 B CN 112064599B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/02—Sediment base gates; Sand sluices; Structures for retaining arresting waterborne material
- E02B8/023—Arresting devices for waterborne materials
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B5/00—Artificial water canals, e.g. irrigation canals
- E02B5/08—Details, e.g. gates, screens
- E02B5/085—Arresting devices for waterborne materials, e.g. gratings
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Abstract
The invention provides a forward water taking structure for preventing blockage of floating objects and a floating discharge method, wherein the forward water taking structure comprises the following components: the water diversion port is formed in the dam body; the water diversion structure is a tubular structure arranged at the water diversion port, the water diversion structure extends towards the upstream direction of the dam body, the tail end of the extending part is provided with a water intake, and the plane where the water intake is located is parallel to the water flow direction; the trash rack is arranged at the water intake and is parallel to the plane where the water intake is located. Based on the technical scheme of the invention, water flow cannot directly impact a water intake and a trash rack on the water intake, so that the probability of blocking the trash rack by floating objects is reduced, and the manual or mechanical maintenance cost for floating removal of the trash rack is also reduced; meanwhile, the water flow form favorable for floating drainage is built by matching with the flood discharge and sand discharge port, the power generation head loss caused by blocking the water diversion port by the floating objects is reduced, and the power generation benefit is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water taking structures of hydropower stations, in particular to a forward water taking structure capable of preventing floating objects from being silted up and a floating discharge method.
Background
The forward water taking is generally used for power generation of a hydropower station, a water taking opening is arranged on one side of a dam body close to the upstream, and the water taking opening is flush with the surface of the dam and is opposite to the incoming flow direction; the trash rack needs to be arranged in front of the water intake, the direction of the trash rack is parallel to the water intake, and the trash rack is installed to mainly prevent floating objects from entering the generator set to influence the normal operation of the generator set and even damage the water turbine.
Because the water intake is just opposite to the water flow direction, a large amount of floaters are gathered near the trash rack along with the water flow, although the floaters do not enter the generator set, the internal and external pressure difference is increased due to the gathering of the floaters, the influence on the water intake efficiency and the power generation efficiency is large, and the power generation water head of the kudzu dam hydropower station is reduced by 3-5 m due to the fact that the floaters are gathered on the surface of the trash rack in a large amount. According to the calculation, the power generation output is reduced by 14 ten thousand kw every time the power generation head is reduced by 1m, and the power generation amount per day is reduced by 33.6 ten thousand degrees. Therefore, the loss of the power generation amount caused by the blockage of the floating objects can be approximately estimated to reach 100-170 ten thousand degrees per day.
The existing treatment method for the floater clogging trash rack mostly adopts a manual or mechanical clearing mode, the mode has the defects that the floater in front of the trash rack is difficult to clear continuously in real time, part of the floater still enters the power generation diversion tunnel through the trash rack, and a large amount of the floater enters the power generation diversion tunnel and then is accumulated in front of a working door of a generator set, so that the working door cannot be closed. In addition, the cost for manually or mechanically removing the floating objects near the trash rack is high, and certain operation difficulty exists.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the application provides a forward water taking structure for preventing the clogging of floating objects and a floating object removing method, so that water flow cannot directly impact a water taking opening and a trash rack on the water taking opening, the probability of clogging of the trash rack by the floating objects is further reduced, the damage of water flow pressure to the trash rack is also reduced, and the manual or mechanical maintenance cost for removing the floating objects by the trash rack is reduced; meanwhile, the water flow form favorable for floating drainage is built by matching with the flood discharge and sand discharge port, the power generation head loss caused by blocking the water diversion port by the floating objects is reduced, and the power generation benefit is increased.
The invention relates to a forward water taking structure for preventing floating objects from being blocked, which is arranged on a dam body of a hydropower station and comprises:
the water diversion port is formed in the dam body;
the water diversion structure is a tubular structure arranged at the water diversion port, the water diversion structure extends towards the upstream direction of the dam body, the tail end of the extension part is provided with a water intake, and the water intake is arranged at the bottom or the side surface of the extension part of the water diversion structure;
the trash rack is arranged at the water intake and is parallel to the plane where the water intake is located.
In one embodiment, the length of the extension part of the water diversion structure is larger than the width of the water diversion port in the vertical direction, and the width of the water intake in the water flow direction is not smaller than the width of the water diversion port in the vertical direction.
In one embodiment, the end of the water guiding structure extension part is a bent part formed by bending, the direction of the bent part is perpendicular to the water flow direction, and the water intake is arranged on the end face of the bent part.
In one embodiment, the trash rack comprises a plurality of grid bars arranged side by side, the grid bars being parallel to the direction of water flow. Through this embodiment, be convenient for rivers wash away the floater of card on the trash rack or attached to the trash rack.
In one embodiment, further comprising: the flood discharge and sand discharge port is arranged at a position, below the water diversion port, on the dam body, and the flood discharge and sand discharge port and the water diversion port are arranged along the same width in the width direction of the dam body. Through this embodiment, flood discharge sand discharging port is used for flood discharge and sand discharging, and simultaneously, rivers can flow, collect to flood discharge sand discharging port department, and rivers can strike the trash rack on the intake and carry the floater near the trash rack downwards to flood discharge sand discharging port and discharge, play and float and erode, clean trash rack's effect of discharging.
In one embodiment, the height of the upper edge of the flood discharge and sand discharge opening is lower than the height of the trash rack.
The invention relates to a bleaching method applied to the forward water taking structure, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: observing that floating objects appear on the water surface of the reservoir;
step S2: opening the flood discharge and sand discharge port for discharging, wherein the water flow is converged in a concentrated manner along the direction towards the flood discharge and sand discharge port;
step S3: the confluence of the water flows forms a water flow form for flushing the blocked floaters near the water intake and on the trash rack;
step S4: the water flow carries the floating objects to be discharged to the downstream through the flood discharge and sand discharge port.
In one embodiment, in step S2, when the flood discharge sand outlet is opened to discharge the water, the amount of the power generation water flowing out through the water intake port needs to be secured.
In one embodiment, in step S2, the flood discharge sand discharge port is kept open during flood season when flood water enters the reservoir.
The features mentioned above can be combined in various suitable ways or replaced by equivalent features as long as the object of the invention is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the forward water taking structure and the floating removing method for preventing the floating objects from being silted up at least have the following beneficial effects:
according to the forward water taking structure capable of preventing floating object clogging and the floating removing method, the extended water diversion structure is arranged on the dam body, the water taking opening is arranged below or on the side face of the water diversion structure, so that the water taking opening is parallel to the water flow direction, water flow cannot directly impact the water taking opening and a trash rack on the water taking opening, the probability that floating objects clog the trash rack is further reduced, the damage of water flow pressure to the trash rack is also reduced, the floating objects near the trash rack are continuously washed by water power, and the manual or mechanical maintenance cost for floating the trash rack is reduced; meanwhile, the water flow form favorable for floating drainage is built by changing the shape and the water taking direction of the water taking opening and matching with the flood discharge and sand discharge opening, the power generation head loss caused by blocking the water diversion opening by the floating objects is reduced, and the power generation benefit is increased.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter on the basis of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a water intake structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows another schematic structure of the water intake structure in the forward direction.
In the drawings, like parts are provided with like reference numerals. The drawings are not to scale.
Reference numerals:
1-a water diversion port, 2-a water diversion structure, 21-a water intake, 22-a bent part, 3-a trash rack, 4-a flood discharge and sand discharge port and 5-a dam body.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
The invention provides a forward water taking structure for preventing floating object clogging, which is arranged on a dam body 5 of a hydropower station and comprises:
the water diversion port 1 is arranged on the dam body 5;
the diversion structure 2 is a tubular structure arranged at the diversion port 1, the diversion structure 2 extends towards the upstream direction of the dam body 5, the tail end of the extending part is provided with a water intake 21, and the water intake 21 is arranged at the bottom or the side surface of the extending part of the diversion structure 2;
the trash rack 3 is arranged at the water intake 21 and is parallel to the plane of the water intake 21.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings, in the forward water taking structure of the present invention, a water diversion structure 2 is arranged at a water diversion port 1 on a dam body 5, and the water diversion structure 2 extends out of the dam body 5 in an upstream direction. The whole diversion structure 2 is of a tubular structure, the inside of the diversion structure is hollow, the diversion structure is communicated with the water intake 21, the tail end of the extension part of the diversion structure 2 is closed, the water intake 21 is arranged at the tail end of the extension part, and the water intake 21 is arranged at the bottom or the side surface of the extension part of the diversion structure 2. Thus, when water flow enters the water diversion structure 2 through the water intake 21, water flow does not directly impact the water intake 21, and then floating objects in the water flow cannot directly impact and even adhere to the trash rack 3 at the water intake 21 under the action of the water flow, so that the probability that the floating objects directly enter the water intake 21 is reduced.
Moreover, the water diversion structure 2 extends out of the dam body 5, so that a distance is reserved between the water intake 21 at the tail end of the extending part and the dam body 5, and the surrounding area of the water intake 21 is empty, so that floating objects are not easy to form near the water intake 21 and accumulate. Specifically, the water flow carries the floating objects to flow to the vicinity of the water intake 21, and the floating objects are not accumulated at the position by virtue of the absence of the water intake 21 because the area near the water intake 21 is empty; in practice, the floating objects are generally deposited near the dam 5, so that the intake 21 at the end of the extended part of the water conducting structure 2 is at a distance from the dam 5, avoiding the proximity of areas where floating objects are likely to deposit.
Preferably, the intake 21 is arranged at the bottom of the extension of the catchment structure 2.
Specifically, the intake port 21 is disposed at the side and the bottom parallel to the water flow direction, and thus is not directly impacted by the water flow. But the bottom is preferred over the sides because when the intake port 21 is placed at the bottom, the float is hindered from its own weight when it wants to enter the intake port 21.
In one embodiment, the length of the extension part of the water diversion structure 2 is larger than the width of the water diversion port 1 in the vertical direction, and the width of the water intake 21 in the water flow direction is not smaller than the width of the water diversion port 1 in the vertical direction.
Specifically, the length of the extension part of the water diversion structure 2 is greater than the width of the water diversion port 1 in the vertical direction, and the width of the water intake 21 is not less than the width of the water diversion port 1 in the vertical direction, so as to ensure that the water quantity entering the water diversion structure 2 through the water intake 21 and then being guided out through the water diversion port 1 is sufficient.
In one embodiment, the extended portion of the water diversion structure 2 ends in a bent portion 22 formed by bending, the direction of the bent portion 22 is perpendicular to the water flow direction, and the water intake 21 is disposed on the end surface of the bent portion 22.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the extending part of the water diversion structure 2 is integrally in a bent pipe shape,
in one embodiment, the trash rack 3 comprises a plurality of grid bars arranged side by side, parallel to the direction of the water flow.
Specifically, a plurality of grid bars arranged in parallel on the trash rack 3 form a structure for blocking floating objects and enabling water flow to pass through, long-strip-shaped gaps are formed between adjacent grid bars, the arrangement direction of the grid bars is parallel to the water flow direction, namely, the long-strip-shaped gaps are along the water flow direction. Therefore, even if part of the floating object is caught in the gap under the washing of the water flow, the floating object moves along the gap under the washing of the water flow and is washed away.
If the arrangement direction of the grid bars is not parallel to the water flow direction, the grid bars have partial blocking effect on the water flow, the part of the floating objects is likely to be clamped in the gap under the impact of the water flow, and then the floating objects are difficult to wash away.
Further, the trash rack 3 further comprises a plurality of connecting strips used for connecting a plurality of grid strips arranged in parallel, and the connecting strips are perpendicular to the grid strips and perpendicular to the water flow direction. When the connecting strip sets up, should make a plurality of connecting strips be located the same one side of a plurality of bars, and when trash rack 3 installed, should make the connecting strip be located trash rack 3 and be closer to the inside one side of intake 21 to avoid connecting strip direct contact floater and block the flow of floater, and the setting quantity of connecting strip is as little as possible.
In one embodiment, further comprising:
flood discharge sand discharge mouth 4, flood discharge sand discharge mouth 4 is seted up and is located the position of inlet 1 below on dam body 5, and flood discharge sand discharge mouth 4 is the same with inlet 1 width along dam body 5 width direction.
Specifically, since the forward water intake structure of the present invention is disposed on the power station dam 5, the reservoirs corresponding to the power station dam 5 are inevitably accumulated with silt and flood water is input during the flood season, so that the flood discharge and sand discharge port is used for flood discharge and sand discharge.
Simultaneously, so set up flood discharge sand discharge mouth in diversion mouth 1 below, because when discharging through flood discharge sand discharge mouth, rivers can flow, collect to flood discharge sand discharge mouth department, so rivers also can be washed the floater to flood discharge sand discharge mouth, the rivers that assemble this moment possess very big kinetic energy, rivers can strike trash rack 3 on the intake 21 and carry the floater near trash rack 3 downwards to flood discharge sand discharge mouth and discharge, play and float and erode, clean trash rack 3's effect.
Preferably, the height of the upper edge of the flood discharge and sand discharge port 4 is lower than that of the trash rack 3.
The invention also provides a bleaching method applied to the forward water taking structure, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: observing that floating objects appear on the water surface of the reservoir;
step S2: opening the flood discharge and sand discharge port for discharging, wherein the water flow is converged in a concentrated manner along the direction towards the flood discharge and sand discharge port; wherein:
when the flood discharge and sand discharge port is opened for discharging, the water quantity of the power generation water flowing out through the water intake port needs to be ensured;
during flood season flood water enters the reservoir, the flood discharge sand discharge opening is kept open;
step S3: the confluence of the water flows forms a water flow form for flushing the blocked floaters near the water intake and on the trash rack;
step S4: the water flow carries the floating objects to be discharged to the downstream through the flood discharge and sand discharge port.
Specifically, in step S1, the floating objects are generally large floating objects put in storage with the flood, and the floating objects are discharged in synchronization with the discharge of the flood. And in normal times, on the premise of ensuring the normal generating water consumption of the hydropower station, redundant stock water can be discharged through the flood discharge and sand discharge port so as to maintain the normal storage capacity of the reservoir.
In step S2, the amount of the power generation water flowing out through the water intake port needs to be ensured, and specifically, when the flood scale is not large in a flood season, the flow rate of the power generation water flowing out through the water intake port needs to be ensured by controlling the flow rate of the power generation water flowing out through the flood discharge sand discharge port in addition to keeping the flood discharge sand discharge port open. The opening degree of the flood discharge sand discharge port and the number of the plurality of flood discharge sand discharge ports can be controlled.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "bottom", "top", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that features described in different dependent claims and herein may be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with individual embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a prevent that floater becomes silted up stifled forward water intaking structure, forward water intaking structure sets up on the dam body of power station, its characterized in that includes:
the water diversion port is formed in the dam body;
the water diversion structure is a tubular structure arranged at the water diversion port, the water diversion structure extends towards the upstream direction of the dam body, the tail end of the extension part is provided with a water intake, the water intake is far away from the dam body so as to avoid an area where floaters are accumulated, and the water intake is arranged at the bottom or the side surface of the extension part of the water diversion structure;
the trash rack is arranged at the water intake and is parallel to the plane where the water intake is located.
2. The positive water intake structure for preventing floating object clogging according to claim 1, wherein the length of the extended portion of the water intake structure is greater than the width of the water intake port in the vertical direction, and the width of the water intake port in the water flow direction is not less than the width of the water intake port in the vertical direction.
3. The positive water intake structure for preventing floating object clogging according to claim 1, wherein the extended portion of the water intake structure is terminated by a bent portion formed by bending, the direction of the bent portion is perpendicular to the water flow direction, and the water intake port is provided at an end face of the bent portion.
4. The structure of preventing fouling by floating objects according to claim 1, wherein the trash rack comprises a plurality of grid bars arranged in parallel, and the grid bars are parallel to the direction of water flow.
5. The positive water intake structure for preventing fouling of floating objects according to claim 1, further comprising:
the flood discharge and sand discharge port is arranged at a position, below the water diversion port, on the dam body, and the flood discharge and sand discharge port and the water diversion port are arranged along the same width in the width direction of the dam body.
6. The structure of preventing fouling of floating objects according to claim 5, wherein the height of the upper edge of the flood discharge and sand discharge opening is lower than the height of the trash rack.
7. A bleaching method applied to the positive water intake structure of claim 5 or 6, characterized by comprising:
step S1: observing that floating objects appear on the water surface of the reservoir;
step S2: opening the flood discharge and sand discharge port for discharging, wherein the water flow is converged in a concentrated manner along the direction towards the flood discharge and sand discharge port;
step S3: the confluence of the water flows forms a water flow form for flushing the blocked floaters near the water intake and on the trash rack;
step S4: the water flow carries the floating objects to be discharged to the downstream through the flood discharge and sand discharge port.
8. The draining and bleaching method according to claim 7, wherein in step S2, when opening the flood discharge sand discharge port to discharge, it is necessary to ensure the water amount of the power generation water flowing out through the water intake port.
9. The draining and bleaching method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that in step S2, the flood discharge and sand discharge opening is kept open during flood season flood water entering the reservoir.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010885841.0A CN112064599B (en) | 2020-08-28 | 2020-08-28 | Forward water taking structure for preventing blockage of floating objects and floating discharge method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010885841.0A CN112064599B (en) | 2020-08-28 | 2020-08-28 | Forward water taking structure for preventing blockage of floating objects and floating discharge method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112064599A CN112064599A (en) | 2020-12-11 |
| CN112064599B true CN112064599B (en) | 2021-12-28 |
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| CN202010885841.0A Active CN112064599B (en) | 2020-08-28 | 2020-08-28 | Forward water taking structure for preventing blockage of floating objects and floating discharge method |
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Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000096539A (en) * | 1998-09-22 | 2000-04-04 | Marushima Aqua System:Kk | Water intake device |
| CN201610542U (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2010-10-20 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | Water release structure with multi-stage sediment tunnels |
| CN104294791A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2015-01-21 | 胡伟 | Siphon pipeline device easy to establish and control |
| CN104963379B (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2017-03-15 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | For the water intaking structure on mountain channel |
| CN206128032U (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-04-26 | 河海大学 | Trash rack |
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