CN112063553A - Enterococcus faecalis and application thereof in calf feed - Google Patents
Enterococcus faecalis and application thereof in calf feed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of microbial breeding, and provides a strain of Enterococcus faecalis, wherein the Enterococcus faecalis is PLBS009(Enterococcus faecalis PLBS009), is preserved in the common microorganism center of the China general microbiological culture Collection management Committee for culture Collection in 2018, 12 and 17 months, and has the preservation number of CGMCC NO. 16949; the invention also provides application of the enterococcus faecalis strain in calf feed. Therefore, the enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 provided by the invention can improve the productivity of calves, can improve the immunity of calves, relieves the problem of weakened disease resistance caused by weaning stress, and enhances the disease resistance of calves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microbial breeding, in particular to enterococcus faecalis and application thereof in calf feed.
Background
Intensive breeding of cows requires early weaning. The early weaning of the calves can not only reduce the production cost, but also enable the calves to adapt to solid feed earlier, accelerate the development of rumens and lay a good foundation for improving the subsequent production performance. However, the stress response of the calves to weaning is very obvious, and the calves are influenced by the weaning age of day, psychological environment and nutritional stress in the weaning process to generate obvious stress response, which can cause the phenomena of anorexia, growth and development retardation, immune function reduction and the like. The health of calves is seriously influenced, the production performance of the calves is also adversely affected, and the calves after weaning have incomplete digestive organ development and low resistance to the outside, are easily attacked by various bacteria, viruses and other harmful microorganisms to cause diseases, diarrhea and even death. The feed for calves is added with antibiotics to relieve weaning stress to a certain extent, but the problems of antibiotic residue, increased bacterial drug resistance, reduced immunity of livestock and poultry caused by long-term use, secondary infection of livestock and poultry and the like occur.
The probiotics is a novel feed additive which appears in recent years, can inhibit the adhesion and growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, keep the micro-ecological balance of the gastrointestinal tract of animals, and the probiotics generated by the metabolism can be used as a nutrient source of a host or help the digestion and absorption of the animals.
Enterococcus faecalis is used as one of probiotics, is clearly marked as one of probiotics capable of being directly applied to animals by the U.S. food and drug administration since 1984, is a facultative anaerobic gram-positive bacterium existing in intestinal tracts of human beings and animals, can soften fibers in feed and improve the conversion rate of the feed; enterococcus faecalis can generate a plurality of antibacterial substances which have good inhibitory action on pathogenic bacteria such as salmonella, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and the like; research shows that enterococcus faecalis can produce Volgamycin and can effectively inhibit growth and reproduction of Listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus and putrefying microorganisms.
However, the application research of enterococcus faecalis in the feed for weaned calves is only reported, the addition amount and the effect of the enterococcus faecalis are not the same, and the research on whether the enterococcus faecalis can be used as the feed for weaned calves to replace antibiotics is not reported.
In view of the above, the prior art is obviously inconvenient and disadvantageous in practical use, and needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present invention aims to provide enterococcus faecalis and an application thereof in calf feed, wherein enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 has good drug resistance, can improve the feed utilization rate and nutrient absorption rate of calves, improve the productivity of calves, and simultaneously improve the immunity of calves, alleviate the problem of weakened disease resistance caused by weaning stress, enhance the disease resistance of calves, and contribute to increase the economic benefits of calf breeding.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a strain of enterococcus faecalis, wherein the enterococcus faecalis is PLBS009(enterococcus faecalis PLBS009), is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) in 2018, 12 months and 17 days, and has a preservation number of CGMCC No. 16949.
Enterococcus faecalis according to the present invention, said enterococcus faecalis is taken from cow dung.
According to the enterococcus faecalis disclosed by the invention, the addition amount of the enterococcus faecalis in the basal ration of calves is 200-2000 mg/kg.
According to the enterococcus faecalis disclosed by the invention, the addition amount of the enterococcus faecalis in the basal ration of calves is 820-1360 mg/kg.
The invention also provides a method for screening enterococcus faecalis, which comprises the following steps:
step one
Collecting excrement of growing and fattening cattle, and performing gradient dilution on the excrement to obtain diluents with different concentration gradients;
step two
Respectively taking the diluent, inoculating the diluent into a Columbia sheep blood agar plate, culturing and observing the morphology of a bacterial colony;
step three
Picking a single colony, and carrying out pure culture on the single colony with the colony characteristics of enterococcus faecalis;
the pure culture colonies were subjected to gram staining and microscopic examination.
The method for screening enterococcus faecalis according to the present invention, said stepsIn one embodiment, the stool has a dilution gradient of 10, 1 × 102，1×103，1×104，1×105，1×106，1×107。
According to the method for screening enterococcus faecalis, in the second step, the culture condition of the bacterial colony is culture at 37 ℃ for 20-30 h.
Enterococcus faecalis according to the present invention, use of said enterococcus faecalis in calf feed.
The enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 provided by the invention has no pathogenicity and good drug resistance, and the proper level of enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 added in daily ration of calves can improve the utilization rate of the calves to feed and the absorption rate of nutrients, improve the production performance of the calves, improve the immunity of the calves, relieve the problem of weakened disease resistance caused by weaning stress, enhance the disease resistance of the calves and contribute to increasing the economic benefit of calves breeding.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a colony morphology of enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the growth of enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides enterococcus faecalis, which has the scientific name of Latin: enterococcus Faecalis; the enterococcus faecalis is enterococcus faecalis PLBS009(Enterococcus faecalis PLBS009), which has been preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC for short, address: No. 3 of No.1 Hospital, North Cheng West Lu, No. 3 of Tokyo ward area in Beijing) in 2018, 12 and 17 days, and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 16949.
The enterococcus faecalis is taken from cow dung, and the invention provides a screening method of enterococcus faecalis PLBS009, which comprises the following steps:
step one
Collecting feces of growing and fattening cattle from cattle farm in Qingdao city, and subjecting the feces to gradient (10, 1 × 10)2，1×103，1×104，1×105，1×106，1×107) Diluting to obtain the diluent with different concentration gradients.
Step two
And respectively taking the diluent, inoculating the diluent into a Columbia sheep blood agar plate, culturing at 37 ℃ for 20-30 h, and observing colony morphology.
Step three
Picking a single colony, carrying out pure culture on the single colony with the colony characteristics of the enterococcus faecalis, and carrying out gram staining and microscopic examination on the pure culture colony.
The colony morphology observed by using an optical microscope and a stereoscope is as follows: the bacterial colony is gray white, opaque and smooth in surface, and the diameter of the bacterial colony is 0.5-1 mm. The liquid culture is carried out by adopting common broth, the culture solution is uniform and turbid, and thallus precipitates are arranged at the bottom, which indicates that the cells are anaerobic or facultative anaerobic. The thalli is gram-positive cocci observed under an optical microscope and is arranged in a single, paired or short chain shape. (see FIG. 1)
After the strains are screened by the method, the strains are identified, and the invention provides an identification method of enterococcus faecalis strains, which comprises the following steps:
identification of a biochemical test
Performing biochemical test according to conventional bacterial inoculation method, inoculating the isolated strain into 6.5% NaCl, sodium equate, esculin, mannitol, sorbitol, lactose, inulin, raffinose, trehalose, and salicin biochemical reaction tube, performing anaerobic culture at 37 deg.C for 24 hr, and observing the result.
The isolated strain can grow in 6.5% NaCl, hydrolyze esculin in the presence of 40% bile, hydrolyze sodium equate, mannose, sorbitol, arginine, lactose and salicin, and does not decompose inulin, sorbose, raffinose and arabinose. The biochemical characteristics of the strain are consistent with those of enterococcus.
Identification of two Gene sequences
Performing molecular biological identification on the strain, extracting genome DNA of the strain, designing a universal primer for PCR amplification of a bacterial 16SrRNA gene segment, wherein the sequence is an upstream primer 5'-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3' and a downstream primer 5'-ACGGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3', performing PCR amplification, and sending a PCR product to a company Limited in the biological engineering (Shanghai) for sequencing.
In order to verify the strain properties of enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 of the present invention, strain property tests including growth curve, pathogenicity and drug susceptibility tests of the strain were performed.
Growth curve of the Strain
Inoculating the strain into a sterilized MRS agar culture medium, carrying out shake culture at a constant temperature of 35-39 ℃, observing the production condition of the strain for 48 hours, sampling at an interval of 2 hours at the early stage, sampling at intervals of 4, 6 and 12 hours at the later stage, measuring the absorbance of the strain at a wavelength of 560nm by using a visible spectrophotometer, repeating for 5 times, and drawing the change trend of a strain growth curve (see figure 2).
According to the growth curve, the strain grows slowly in 0-12 h of culture, the bacterial quantity increases exponentially in 12-40 h, the bacterial quantity decreases in 40-44 h, and the bacterial quantity reaches a stable state after 44 h.
Pathogenicity test
Dividing mice into test group and control group, selecting single colony after separation and purification, inoculating in THB culture solution, shaking overnight at 37 deg.C, diluting with 0.15mol/LPBS to 1 × 108cfu/mL, intraperitoneal injection of test mice and control mice 0.15mol/mLPBS, and the dosage is 0.2 mL/mouse. Mice were scored for morbidity every 2h observation. Immediately dissecting dead white mice, observing the pathological change condition of tissues/organs, and aseptically collecting lung, kidney and other pathological materials for pathogen separation and identification.
The test result shows that no symptom is seen in the test group white mouse and the control group white mouse within 1 week, no pathological change is seen after the autopsy, and the bacterium is not cultured from each organ. Indicating that the enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 strain is not pathogenic.
Susceptibility test
Selecting drug sensitive paper sheets of 16 clinically common anti-positive cocci drugs such as oxacillin, tetracycline, penicillin G, vancomycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, levofloxacin and the like, attaching the drug sensitive paper sheets to a plate culture medium which is uniformly coated with bacterial liquid, culturing for 16-18 h at 35 ℃, measuring the diameter of a bacteriostatic zone, and judging the drug sensitive condition. The results of the drug sensitivity test are shown in the table I.
Test results show that the enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 strain has drug resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics oxacillin, macrolide antibiotics erythromycin, clarithromycin, polypeptide antibiotics polymyxin B, lincomycin, sulfonamide antibiotics compound sulfamethoxine, quinolone antibiotics norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, tetracycline antibiotics tetracycline, aminoglycoside antibiotics spectinomycin and the like; enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 strain is sensitive to beta-lactam antibiotic penicillin G, synthetic antibiotic nitrofurantoin; enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 strain has moderate resistance to the polypeptide antibiotics vancomycin, the tetracycline antibiotic minocycline.
TABLE-drug sensitivity test results
"-" indicates no zone of inhibition, "S" indicates sensitivity, "I" indicates moderate sensitivity, and "R" indicates resistance.
In order to verify the application value of the enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 in calf feed, the invention also provides an application method of the enterococcus faecalis in the calf feed.
First, experimental animal and raising management
The test adopts completely random grouping design, 50-day-old Holstein male calves with similar weight and good health condition are selected and randomly divided into 4 groups (a control group and three test groups). The control group is fed with basal diet, the experimental group is added with enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 based on the basal diet, and the viable count of the enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 is 2 × 108CFU/kg. The calves feed and drink freely, the test period is 20 days, 10 days before weaning and 10 days after weaning.
The basal diet was formulated according to the formula of the holstein bull calf farm, with reference to the NRC (2012) nutritional requirements.
Second, feed formula
The enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 of the present invention is added to the basal diet of calves in an amount of 200-2000 mg/kg.
Third, measuring the index
20-25 mL of blood is collected by a jugular vein of a vacuum blood collection tube before morning feeding on the 10 th (weaning day) and the 20 th (postweaning 10d) of the test period. The collected blood samples were centrifuged, serum was separated, and serum immune index was measured.
Recording the feed feeding amount and the residual material amount of the calves every day in the test period, and calculating the daily feed intake; and (3) measuring the weights of all calves by using a weigher before morning feeding on the 1 st day, the 10 th day and the 20 th day of the test period respectively, and calculating the average daily gain of the calves.
During the test period, the calf was observed every day to record whether it was diarrhea.
In order to further verify the application value of the enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 in the calf feed, the calf is fed by the application method, the following examples are provided, and relevant indexes of the calf in each example are measured. The method for feeding and managing the calves in each example is the same, and only the addition amount of enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 in each example is changed, so that the same contents in each example are not listed.
The results of relevant indexes of calves in each embodiment are shown in the second table and the third table; the amount of enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 added in each example is shown in Table four.
Comparative example
The enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 of the present invention is added to basal diet of calf, and the addition amount is 0.
After the culture is finished, the average daily gain of the calves is measured to be 0.86kg, the average daily feed intake is measured to be 2.04kg, the material-weight ratio is measured to be 2.37, and the diarrhea rate is measured to be 10.87%; measuring the content of immunoglobulin A in calf serum to be 0.75G/L, the content of immunoglobulin M to be 2.55G/L and the content of immunoglobulin G to be 9.83G/L.
Example 1
The enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 of the present invention was added to basal diet of calves at an amount of 820 mg/kg.
After the culture is finished, the average daily gain of the calves is 1.29kg, the average daily feed intake is 2.42kg, the material-weight ratio is 2.01, and the diarrhea rate is measured; the serum immunoglobulin A content of calf is 0.91G/L, immunoglobulin M content is 2.89G/L, and immunoglobulin G content is 12.83G/L.
Example 2
The enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 of the present invention is added into basal diet of calf, and the addition amount is 1000 mg/kg.
After the culture is finished, the average daily gain of the calves is 1.16kg, the average daily feed intake is 2.45kg, the material-weight ratio is 2.07, and the diarrhea rate is measured; measuring the content of immunoglobulin A in calf serum to be 0.94G/L, the content of immunoglobulin M to be 2.91G/L and the content of immunoglobulin G to be 12.59G/L.
Example 3
The enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 of the present invention was added to basal diet of calf in an amount of 1360 mg/kg.
After the culture is finished, the average daily gain of the calves is 1.16kg, the average daily feed intake is 2.48kg, the material weight ratio is 2.02, and the diarrhea rate is measured; measuring the content of immunoglobulin A in calf serum to be 0.95G/L, the content of immunoglobulin M to be 2.90G/L and the content of immunoglobulin G to be 12.64G/L.
Because the implementation processes of the embodiments are the same, the specific processes of other embodiments are not listed, and only the three embodiments with better effects are listed.
Growth performance of epi-di calves
Serum immunity index g/L of epi-Sanhua calf
TABLE IV the amount of enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 added in each example is mg/kg
It can be seen from the above embodiments that the addition of enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 of the present invention to the basal diet of calves can increase the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of calves, reduce the feed-to-weight ratio and diarrhea rate of calves, which indicates that enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 promotes the growth and development of calves in the weaning period, and relieves the nutritional stress caused by calves weaning; meanwhile, the anti-nutritional factors in the feed can be effectively degraded, the anti-nutritional effect of the feed can be eliminated, and the digestion and decomposition of organisms on nutrients can be promoted, so that the utilization rate of the feed can be improved. Enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 used as feed additive is added into livestock and fowl feed, and can regulate intestinal flora, enhance gastrointestinal digestion and absorption function, and further improve animal growth performance and feed conversion rate.
The addition of enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 of the present invention to the calf basal diet can increase the content of immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in calf serum, which indicates that enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 can increase the secretion of immunoglobulin in calf organism, and the disease resistance of calf organism is enhanced due to the antibacterial and antiviral functions of immunoglobulin, thereby alleviating the problem of disease resistance weakening caused by weaning stress. Enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 used as feed additive added into livestock and fowl diet can be used as nonspecific immune factor, activate organism immune system, regulate organism immunity function, and maintain animal health.
In addition, as can be seen from the above examples, when the addition amount of enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 added to the basal diet of calves is 820-1360 mg/kg, the calves have the best productivity and the highest immunoglobulin content in the body, and therefore, the optimal addition amount of enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 in the basal diet of calves is 820-1360 mg/kg.
In conclusion, the enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 provided by the invention has no pathogenicity and good drug resistance, and the addition of the enterococcus faecalis PLBS009 with an appropriate level in daily ration for calves can improve the feed utilization rate and the nutrient absorption rate of calves, improve the production performance of calves, improve the immunity of calves, relieve the problem of weakened disease resistance caused by weaning stress, enhance the disease resistance of calves and contribute to increasing the economic benefit of calves breeding.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
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Claims (8)
1. The Enterococcus faecalis is strain is Enterococcus faecalis PLBS009(Enterococcus faecalis PLBS009), is preserved in China general microbiological culture collection center (CGMCC) in 2018, 12 and 17 days, and has a preservation number of CGMCC NO. 16949.
2. The enterococcus faecalis according to claim 1, wherein said enterococcus faecalis is taken from cow dung.
3. The enterococcus faecalis according to claim 1, wherein said enterococcus faecalis is added in an amount of 200-2000 mg/kg in a basal ration for calves.
4. The enterococcus faecalis according to claim 3, wherein said enterococcus faecalis is added in an amount of 820 to 1360mg/kg in a basal ration for calves.
5. A method of screening enterococcus faecalis according to claim 1 comprising the steps of:
step one
Collecting excrement of growing and fattening cattle, and performing gradient dilution on the excrement to obtain diluents with different concentration gradients;
step two
Respectively taking the diluent, inoculating the diluent into a Columbia sheep blood agar plate, culturing and observing the morphology of a bacterial colony;
step three
Picking a single colony, and carrying out pure culture on the single colony with the colony characteristics of enterococcus faecalis;
the pure culture colonies were subjected to gram staining and microscopic examination.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein in step one, the stool has a dilution gradient of 10, 1 x 102，1×103，1×104，1×105，1×106，1×107。
7. The method for screening enterococcus faecalis according to claim 5, wherein the culture condition of the colonies in the second step is culture at 37 ℃ for 20-30 h.
8. Use of enterococcus faecalis according to claim 1 in calf feed.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117070419A (en) * | 2023-09-14 | 2023-11-17 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | Rumen enterococcus from cow rumen and application of rumen enterococcus as feed additive |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117070419A (en) * | 2023-09-14 | 2023-11-17 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | Rumen enterococcus from cow rumen and application of rumen enterococcus as feed additive |
| CN117070419B (en) * | 2023-09-14 | 2024-01-26 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | Rumen enterococcus from cow rumen and application of rumen enterococcus as feed additive |
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