CN112062388A - Oil field wastewater treatment method - Google Patents
Oil field wastewater treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112062388A CN112062388A CN202010774174.9A CN202010774174A CN112062388A CN 112062388 A CN112062388 A CN 112062388A CN 202010774174 A CN202010774174 A CN 202010774174A CN 112062388 A CN112062388 A CN 112062388A
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- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/04—Sulfides
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- B01J35/39—
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/24—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flotation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/302—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with microwaves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/722—Oxidation by peroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/34—Organic compounds containing oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/34—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C02F2101/345—Phenols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/38—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
Abstract
The invention relates to an oil field wastewater treatment method, which mainly comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment, (2) advanced oxidation, (3) three-stage separation, (4) biological method, and (5) filtration, wherein the effluent reaches the discharge standard; the advanced oxidation method in the step (2) comprises the steps of electrocatalytic oxidation, microwave Fenton oxidation and photocatalysis. The invention couples physical, chemical and biological treatment methods, and combines electrocatalytic oxidation, photocatalysis and microwave Fenton oxidation to effectively reduce suspended matters, COD, phenols and cyanogen organic matters in water and control the N, P content in water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil field wastewater treatment, in particular to an oil field wastewater treatment method.
Background
The oil fields in China are widely distributed and spread in various places such as northeast, northwest and northwest. At present, a large amount of operation is required in the process of oil field exploration and development, so that a large amount of operation wastewater is generated, and mainly comprises drilling wastewater, acidizing wastewater, fracturing flowback fluid and the like. At present, most oil fields enter the middle stage and the later stage of oil exploitation, the water content of the extracted crude oil reaches 70% -80%, the water content of some oil fields reaches even 90%, and a large amount of oily wastewater is generated after oil-water separation. If the oily wastewater is directly discharged without being treated, not only can soil and water source be polluted, but also sometimes even a dirty oil fire accident can be caused, the life safety of people is threatened, the national economic loss is caused, and meanwhile, the benefits of the oil field can be damaged. Therefore, how to develop the oil field oily wastewater treatment and recycling technology which is suitable for the actual conditions of oil fields in China and is efficient and economical, achieves the purposes of saving energy, reducing consumption, protecting environment and recycling water resources, and becomes an important problem for the reconstruction and establishment of oil field water treatment stations. China is one of the countries with serious environmental pollution in the world, the national water environmental pollution treatment form is severe, and the water environmental pollution treatment is important in the sustainable development of China.
The oil field waste water treatment is to adopt various methods to remove or reduce harmful substances in the waste water to reach the standard level, so that the waste water is utilized. For the treatment method and technology of oily wastewater, research institutions at home and abroad have been continuously and intensively researching, and the aim of the research institutions is to remove oil, organic matters (COD), suspended matters, sulfides, bacteria and the like in the wastewater. In the 70 s of the 20 th century, various countries widely adopt the air flotation method to remove emulsified oil in suspension state in wastewater, and simultaneously combine the biological method to reduce the viscosity of organic matters. Japanese scholars have studied the treatment of oily wastewater with an electrocoagulant, the separation of emulsions with ultrasound, and the adsorption of oils with lipophilic materials. In recent years, the membrane method is developed to treat the oily wastewater, and the filter membrane is made into a plate type, a tube type, a roll type and a hollow fiber type. At present, the wastewater treatment technology of each oil field has strong pertinence and the effect of the treatment technology is not ideal, and the wastewater treatment methods commonly used in domestic and foreign oil fields can be roughly divided into three types: physical, chemical and biological methods. If the existing oilfield wastewater treatment is used for reinjection, recycling and discharge, the problems of ensuring the water body standard, reducing the treatment energy consumption, reducing the addition amount of a medicament and the like are all needed to be solved.
At present, organic pollutants or high molecular polymers are the difficult part to treat in the oil field wastewater treatment, so a treatment process capable of deeply removing the organic high molecular pollutants needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one of the technical problems, the invention provides an oil field wastewater treatment technology combining a physical + chemical + biological treatment method and combining electrocatalytic oxidation, photocatalysis and microwave Fenton oxidation, which can effectively reduce suspended matters, COD, phenols and cyanogen organic matters in water and control the N, P content in the water.
The method adopts a combined technology of three treatment methods of physics, chemistry and biology, and removes suspended matters such as floating oil, settled sand and the like through the action of gravity; then adding a flocculating agent, demulsifying and flocculating, separating oil from floc, and removing emulsified oil; further degrading the macromolecular organic matters containing phenol, alcohol and nitrogen which are difficult to degrade under the deep oxidation action of electrochemistry, microwave Fenton and photocatalysis, and ensuring the quality of the water body; after the three-stage separation, the water body is further filled with biological fillers in the biological fluidized bed by a biological method, so that the living space of microorganisms is increased, the biomass is increased, the organic load rate is greatly improved, part of water is circulated, the dissolved oxygen in the wastewater is increased, other organic matters are oxidized and decomposed under the condition of continuous aeration, and finally the filtered water reaches the discharge standard.
The treatment method of the oil field wastewater is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) pretreatment, (2) advanced oxidation, (3) three-stage separation, (4) biological method, and (5) filtration, wherein the effluent reaches the discharge standard;
the pretreatment of the step (1) comprises the steps of gravity oil removal and flocculation.
The gravity oil removal adopts a coalescence plate oil-water separator, wastewater is pretreated by utilizing gravity sedimentation to remove most of floating oil and settled sand in a suspension state, the operation temperature is 5-40 ℃, the retention time of the wastewater is 20-30min, and the floating oil, oil wet solids, settled sand and the like can be effectively removed by the gravity oil removal.
The flocculation is that a flocculating agent is added into the wastewater, so that suspended matters in the wastewater form flocculate, coalesce and sink, and the process can remove the suspended matters and colloidal particles in the wastewater, reduce the COD value and remove bacteria and the like.
And in the flocculation step, a flocculating agent is added into the wastewater after gravity oil removal to form flocculate, wherein the flocculating agent is polymerized aluminum sulfate and polymerized ferric sulfate, and the mass ratio of the polymerized aluminum sulfate to the polymerized ferric sulfate is 2: 1. By adjusting and optimizing the proportion of the two, the water treatment precision can be improved, and the use of toxic organic flocculant is reduced.
The advanced oxidation method in the step (2) comprises three steps of electrocatalytic oxidation, microwave Fenton oxidation and photocatalysis, the three steps are combined to play the maximum advantage of the function of the advanced oxidation technology, the filtered precipitate wastewater is firstly subjected to oxidation-reduction reaction by means of external current by electrocatalytic oxidation to remove harmful substances in the wastewater, and the generated hydroxyl free radicals are used for converting pollutants which are difficult to degrade into degradable organic matters or degrading into water and H2O. Under the action of an external electric field, anions in the wastewater move to the anode and lose electrons at the anode to be oxidized; the positive ions in the waste water move to the cathode and obtain electrons at the cathode to be reduced, so that the organic matters, heavy metal ions and suspended matters in the waste water are effectively removed, and the waste water can be decolorized.
The produced water has high mineralization and high chlorine content, a strong oxidant chlorine gas is generated at the anode, simultaneously, H2O is decomposed under the action of an electric field, hydroxyl free radicals (OH groups) with strong oxidation capability are generated, and the chlorine gas and the hydroxyl free radicals oxidize and decompose residual reducing substances and partial organic matters in the wastewater under the action of electrocatalysis, thereby achieving the purpose of purification.
And filtering to obtain a clear solution, and introducing the clear solution into an electrocatalytic oxidation reactor, wherein a mesh cathode plate and a mesh anode plate are arranged inside the electrocatalytic oxidation reactor, the anode catalytic electrode is Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3, and the cathode catalytic electrode is a Ti metal electrode. The specification of a direct current power supply matched with the electrocatalytic oxidation reactor is 1500A/20V, the current is controlled to be 200-400A during operation, and the retention time is 0.5-2 h.
The titanium-based tin antimony oxide electrode has the advantages of high oxygen evolution potential, good catalytic activity and the like, and is considered to have good prospect in the aspect of organic wastewater treatment. The electrode base material is a titanium plate with the thickness of 2mm multiplied by 15mm multiplied by 30mm, and the electrode coating is prepared by adopting the existing sol-gel method: an appropriate amount of SnCl4 & 5H2O is dissolved in 90mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, a small amount of citric acid is added, the mixture is stirred for 3 hours, and after the mixture is fully reacted, the mixture is placed in a water bath at 70 ℃ and heated for 2 hours. Cooling at room temperature to obtain uniform and transparent sol solution. A small amount of concentrated HCl is used for dissolving Sb2O3 with the molar ratio of Sn to Sb being 100 to 10, the dissolved solution is added into the prepared sol solution, and the sol solution is formed after uniform mixing. Taking a certain amount of sol mother liquor, standing, and aging for a period of time to obtain the sol mother liquor for coating.
Further adopting Fenton oxidation, combining with microwave, deeply removing the organic polymer by virtue of cavitation and having better decoloration effect.
In the microwave Fenton oxidation, the microwave irradiation power is 500-1000W, the irradiation time is 6-20min, the pH value is 3-6, and the Fenton reagent comprises the following components in molar ratio: n (H)2O2)∶n(Fe2+) The adding amount is 10-20: 1 (mass ratio): 0.2-1 per mill.
Organic pollutants and polymeric pollutants which are difficult to degrade are deeply removed by adopting a photocatalysis technology, so that the treated wastewater meets the COD. The photocatalysis is a TiO2/CdS composite photocatalyst, and the preparation method of the composite photocatalyst comprises the following steps: in Cd (NO)3)2Adding thioacetamide as sulfur source into the water solution, stirring, adding TiO2The powder is put into a thermostatic water bath at the set temperature of 50-60 ℃ for reaction for 20min, and after the reaction is finished, the powder is centrifuged, washed and dried to obtain the photocatalyst, and the CdS and TiO in the composite photocatalyst2The mass ratio is 10-20: 80-90. The amount of the photocatalyst added is 0.5-1 g.
And the third-stage separation is sequentially carried out by adopting an air floatation separation device, an inclined plate separation device and a magnetic separation device.
The filtering equipment in the step (5) is selected from one or more of a quartz sand filter, a high-efficiency fiber filter and a PP surface filter.
Has the advantages that:
1. the invention provides an advanced treatment method of oil and gas field wastewater, which is particularly suitable for treating organic wastewater containing cyanide, phenol, alcohol and nitrogen through an electrochemical treatment method, wherein the electrochemical method and a microwave Fenton and photocatalysis advanced oxidation method have the advantages of small equipment floor area, flexible operation and small discharge capacity, can treat inorganic pollutants, can treat organic pollutants, and can effectively degrade even toxic organic matters which cannot be biodegraded and some wastewater containing heavy metals.
2. The combined technology of three treatment methods of physics, chemistry and biology is adopted, and suspended matters such as floating oil, settled sand and the like are removed through the action of gravity; then adding a flocculating agent, demulsifying and flocculating, and removing emulsified oil; then under the deep oxidation action of electrochemistry, microwave Fenton and photocatalysis, degrading the macromolecular organic matters containing phenol, alcohol and nitrogen which are difficult to degrade; further, other organic substances are oxidized and decomposed by a biological method.
3. By adopting the treatment method, the oil, flocculation, advanced oxidation and biological oxidation can be continuously carried out, the occupied area of equipment is small, the utilization rate is high, and the energy consumption is low.
4. Various chemical oxidations and biological oxidations are combined, the number of active components with strong oxidizability such as hydroxyl free radicals is increased, organic matters are degraded thoroughly, the decoloration of precipitated water is good, the precipitated water is clear and transparent, and the content of N, P elements is reduced.
5. The method has the advantages of low operation cost, small medicament dosage, strong operability, advanced system process, stable operation, easy management, very simple operation, impact load resistance and stable water outlet.
6. The method is suitable for various kinds of oily wastewater such as drilling fluid, oil extraction wastewater and the like, has obvious treatment effect, has the removal rate of raw water COD over 99 percent, has the removal rate of oil content and suspended matter content over 99 percent, and has various indexes reaching the primary standard of Integrated wastewater discharge Standard GB 8978 + 1996.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.
1. FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limitations of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
In addition, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
Example 1
A treatment method of oilfield wastewater comprises the following steps:
(1) and (2) pretreatment, namely a coalescence plate oil-water separator, wherein the waste water is pretreated by utilizing gravity settling to remove most of floating oil and settled sand in a suspension state, the operation temperature is 5 ℃, the retention time of the waste water is 20min, and suspended matters such as floating oil, oil-wet solids, settled sand and the like can be effectively removed by gravity oil removal.
Adding a flocculating agent into the wastewater, wherein the flocculating agent is polyaluminium sulfate and polyferric sulfate, and the mass ratio of the flocculating agent to the polyferric sulfate is 2:1, so that suspended matters in the wastewater form flocculate, coalesce and sink;
(2) advanced oxidation process
Filtering to obtain clear liquid, feeding the clear liquid into an electrocatalytic oxidation reactor, wherein a mesh cathode plate and a mesh anode plate are arranged inside the electrocatalytic oxidation reactor, an anode catalytic electrode is Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3, a cathode catalytic electrode is a Ti metal electrode, the current is 200A, and the retention time is 0.5 h;
the effluent liquid enters a microwave Fenton reactor, the microwave irradiation power is controlled to be 500W, the irradiation time is 6min, the pH value is 3, and the Fenton reagent comprises the following components in molar ratio: n (H)2O2)∶n(Fe2+) Adding Fenton reagent according to the mass ratio of 10: 1: 0.2 per mill;
the effluent enters a photocatalytic reactor, a 500W xenon lamp is used as a light source, visible light within the range of 420nm is used, and the dosage of the catalyst TiO2/CdS is 0.2 g;
the preparation method of the composite photocatalyst comprises the following steps: in Cd (NO)3)2Adding thioacetamide as sulfur source into the water solution, stirring, adding TiO2Powder and thermostatic water bathSetting the temperature at 50 ℃, reacting for 20min, centrifuging, washing and drying after the reaction is finished to obtain the photocatalyst, and the CdS and TiO in the composite photocatalyst2The mass ratio is 10: 90.
(3) Three stage separation
The effluent liquid sequentially enters an air floatation separation device, an inclined plate separation device and a magnetic separation device for separation, and suspended matters, floating oil, emulsified oil, dissolved oil and partial organic matters are fully separated.
(4) Biological method
And (3) enabling the separated filtrate to enter a biological fluidized bed filled with biological fillers, controlling the dissolved oxygen in the wastewater to be 4mg/L, wherein the biological fillers are columnar plastic biological fillers with phi of 15mm, and sufficiently degrading the residual organic matters.
(5) Filtration
The effluent enters a high-efficiency fiber filter, and is fully filtered, the produced water meets the discharge standard, and the water quality is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
After the produced water is treated, the oil content is reduced from 156 to 0, and the removal rate reaches 100 percent; COD is reduced from 2000mg/L to 12mg/L, and the removal rate reaches 99.4 percent; the removal rate of N-containing elements reaches 90.9 percent, the removal rate of phosphorus-containing elements reaches 84 percent, the BOD is reduced from 322mg/L to 10mg/L, the treatment rate reaches 96.8 percent, and each index reaches the primary standard of Integrated wastewater discharge Standard GB 8978-1996.
Example 2
A treatment method of oilfield wastewater comprises the following steps:
(1) and (2) pretreatment, namely a coalescence plate oil-water separator, wherein the waste water is pretreated by utilizing gravity settling to remove most of floating oil and settled sand in a suspension state, the operation temperature is 40 ℃, the retention time of the waste water is 30min, and suspended matters such as floating oil, oil-wet solids, settled sand and the like can be effectively removed by gravity oil removal.
Adding a flocculating agent into the wastewater, wherein the flocculating agent is polyaluminium sulfate and polyferric sulfate, and the mass ratio of the flocculating agent to the polyferric sulfate is 2:1, so that suspended matters in the wastewater form flocculate, coalesce and sink;
(2) advanced oxidation process
Filtering out clear liquid, and introducing the clear liquid into an electrocatalytic oxidation reactor, wherein a mesh cathode plate and a mesh anode plate are arranged inside the electrocatalytic oxidation reactor, an anode catalytic electrode is Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3, a cathode catalytic electrode is a Ti metal electrode, the current is 300A, and the retention time is 1 h;
the effluent liquid enters a microwave Fenton reactor, the microwave irradiation power is controlled to be 500W, the irradiation time is 10min, the pH value is 5, and the Fenton reagent comprises the following components in molar ratio: n (H)2O2)∶n(Fe2+) Adding Fenton reagent according to the mass ratio of 15: 1: 1 per mill;
the effluent enters a photocatalytic reactor, a 1000W xenon lamp is used as a light source, visible light within the range of 600nm is used, and the dosage of the catalyst TiO2/CdS is 1 g;
the preparation method of the composite photocatalyst comprises the following steps: in Cd (NO)3)2Adding thioacetamide as sulfur source into the water solution, stirring, adding TiO2The powder is put into a thermostatic water bath at the set temperature of 50 ℃ for reaction for 20min, and after the reaction is finished, the powder is centrifuged, washed and dried to obtain the photocatalyst, and the CdS and TiO in the composite photocatalyst are2The mass ratio is 20: 80.
(3) Three stage separation
The effluent liquid sequentially enters an air floatation separation device, an inclined plate separation device and a magnetic separation device for separation, and suspended matters, floating oil, emulsified oil, dissolved oil and partial organic matters are fully separated.
(4) Biological method
And (3) enabling the separated filtrate to enter a biological fluidized bed filled with biological fillers, controlling the dissolved oxygen in the wastewater to be 8mg/L, wherein the biological fillers are columnar plastic biological fillers with phi of 15mm, and sufficiently degrading the residual organic matters.
(5) Filtration
The effluent enters a high-efficiency fiber filter, and is fully filtered, the produced water meets the discharge standard, and the water quality is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
After the produced water is treated, the oil content is reduced from 156 to 0, and the removal rate reaches 100 percent; COD is reduced from 2000mg/L to 14mg/L, and the removal rate reaches 99.3 percent; the removal rate of N-containing elements reaches 88.6 percent, the removal rate of phosphorus-containing elements reaches 88 percent, BOD is reduced from 322mg/L to 8mg/L, the treatment rate reaches 97.5 percent, and each index reaches the primary standard of Integrated wastewater discharge Standard GB 8978-1996.
Comparative example 1
No photocatalysis was used in the treatment, and the other process parameters were the same as in example 1.
A treatment method of oilfield wastewater comprises the following steps:
(1) and (2) pretreatment, namely a coalescence plate oil-water separator, wherein the waste water is pretreated by utilizing gravity settling to remove most of floating oil and settled sand in a suspension state, the operation temperature is 5 ℃, the retention time of the waste water is 20min, and suspended matters such as floating oil, oil-wet solids, settled sand and the like can be effectively removed by gravity oil removal.
Adding a flocculating agent into the wastewater, wherein the flocculating agent is polyaluminium sulfate and polyferric sulfate, and the mass ratio of the flocculating agent to the polyferric sulfate is 2:1, so that suspended matters in the wastewater form flocculate, coalesce and sink;
(2) advanced oxidation process
Filtering to obtain clear liquid, feeding the clear liquid into an electrocatalytic oxidation reactor, wherein a mesh cathode plate and a mesh anode plate are arranged inside the electrocatalytic oxidation reactor, an anode catalytic electrode is Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3, a cathode catalytic electrode is a Ti metal electrode, the current is 200A, and the retention time is 0.5 h;
the effluent liquid enters a microwave Fenton reactor, the microwave irradiation power is controlled to be 500W, the irradiation time is 6min, the pH value is 3, and the Fenton reagent comprises the following components in molar ratio: n (H)2O2)∶n(Fe2+) Adding Fenton reagent according to the mass ratio of 10: 1: 0.2 per mill.
(3) Three stage separation
The effluent liquid sequentially enters an air floatation separation device, an inclined plate separation device and a magnetic separation device for separation, and suspended matters, floating oil, emulsified oil, dissolved oil and partial organic matters are fully separated.
(4) Biological method
And (3) enabling the separated filtrate to enter a biological fluidized bed filled with biological fillers, controlling the dissolved oxygen in the wastewater to be 4mg/L, wherein the biological fillers are columnar plastic biological fillers with phi of 15mm, and sufficiently degrading the residual organic matters.
(5) Filtration
The effluent enters a high-efficiency fiber filter, the effluent is fully filtered, the produced water meets the discharge standard, and the water quality data is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
After the produced water is treated, the oil content is reduced from 156 to 0, and the removal rate reaches 100 percent; COD is reduced to 80mg/L from 2000mg/L, and the removal rate reaches 96 percent; the removal rate of N-containing elements reaches 70.4 percent, the removal rate of phosphorus-containing elements reaches 60 percent, BOD is reduced from 322mg/L to 46mg/L, and the treatment rate reaches 85.1 percent.
Comparative example 2
No electrocatalysis is adopted in the treatment process, and other process parameters are the same as those of the example 1.
A treatment method of oilfield wastewater comprises the following steps:
(1) and (2) pretreatment, namely a coalescence plate oil-water separator, wherein the waste water is pretreated by utilizing gravity settling to remove most of floating oil and settled sand in a suspension state, the operation temperature is 5 ℃, the retention time of the waste water is 20min, and suspended matters such as floating oil, oil-wet solids, settled sand and the like can be effectively removed by gravity oil removal.
Adding a flocculating agent into the wastewater, wherein the flocculating agent is polyaluminium sulfate and polyferric sulfate, and the mass ratio of the flocculating agent to the polyferric sulfate is 2:1, so that suspended matters in the wastewater form flocculate, coalesce and sink;
(2) advanced oxidation process
The effluent enters a microwave Fenton reactor, and the microwave irradiation power is controlled to be 500W, radiationThe reaction time is 6min, the pH value is 3, and the Fenton reagent comprises the following components in molar ratio: n (H)2O2)∶n(Fe2+) Adding Fenton reagent according to the mass ratio of 10: 1: 0.2 per mill;
the effluent enters a photocatalytic reactor, a 500W xenon lamp is used as a light source, visible light within the range of 420nm is used, and the dosage of the catalyst TiO2/CdS is 0.2 g;
the preparation method of the composite photocatalyst comprises the following steps: in Cd (NO)3)2Adding thioacetamide as sulfur source into the water solution, stirring, adding TiO2The powder is put into a thermostatic water bath at the set temperature of 50 ℃ for reaction for 20min, and after the reaction is finished, the powder is centrifuged, washed and dried to obtain the photocatalyst, and the CdS and TiO in the composite photocatalyst are2The mass ratio is 10: 90.
(3) Three stage separation
The effluent liquid sequentially enters an air floatation separation device, an inclined plate separation device and a magnetic separation device for separation, and suspended matters, floating oil, emulsified oil, dissolved oil and partial organic matters are fully separated.
(4) Biological method
And (3) enabling the separated filtrate to enter a biological fluidized bed filled with biological fillers to control the dissolved oxygen in the wastewater to be 4mg/L, wherein the biological fillers are columnar plastic biological fillers with phi of 15mm, and the residual organic matters are fully degraded.
(5) Filtration
The effluent enters a high-efficiency fiber filter, and is fully filtered, the produced water meets the discharge standard, and the water quality is shown in table 4.
TABLE 4
After the produced water is treated, the oil content is reduced from 156 to 0, and the removal rate reaches 100 percent; COD is reduced from 2000mg/L to 90mg/L, and the removal rate reaches 95.5 percent; the removal rate of N-containing elements reaches 77 percent, the removal rate of phosphorus-containing elements reaches 68 percent, BOD is reduced from 322mg/L to 23mg/L, and the treatment rate reaches 92.8 percent.
Comparative example 3
By adopting the treatment process of the embodiment of the patent CN102050532A, the COD of raw water is adjusted to 2000mg/L, and the removal rate is 96%.
It can be seen that the COD, suspended matters, N, P and phenolic organic matters can be effectively degraded by a physical + chemical + biological combined treatment process and an electro-catalysis + Fenton + photocatalysis deep oxidation process, and the removal efficiency of the COD is as high as 99%.
In the description herein, reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment/mode," "some embodiments/modes," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment/mode or example is included in at least one embodiment/mode or example of the application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to be the same embodiment/mode or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments/modes or examples. Furthermore, the various embodiments/aspects or examples and features of the various embodiments/aspects or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without conflicting therewith.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing embodiments are merely for clarity of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other variations or modifications will occur to those skilled in the art based on the foregoing disclosure and are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The treatment method of the oil field wastewater is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) pretreatment, (2) advanced oxidation, (3) three-stage separation, (4) biological method, and (5) filtration, wherein the effluent reaches the discharge standard;
the pretreatment of the step (1) comprises the steps of gravity oil removal and flocculation;
the advanced oxidation method in the step (2) comprises the steps of electrocatalytic oxidation, microwave Fenton oxidation and photocatalysis.
2. The treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the gravity degreasing is to pretreat the wastewater by utilizing gravity sedimentation to remove most of floating oil and settled sand in a suspended state, the operation temperature is 5-40 ℃, and the retention time of the wastewater is 20-30 min.
3. The treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the flocculation is that a flocculating agent is added into the wastewater after gravity oil removal to form flocculate and coalesce and sink, and the flocculating agent is polyaluminium sulfate and polyferric sulfate in a mass ratio of 2: 1.
4. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that the anodic catalytic electrode used in the electrocatalysis is Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3 and the cathodic catalytic electrode used is a Ti metal electrode.
5. The treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the photocatalyst is a TiO2/CdS composite photocatalyst, and the addition amount of the photocatalyst is 0.5-1 g.
6. The treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the three-stage separation is performed by sequentially using an air flotation separation device, an inclined plate separation device and a magnetic separation device.
7. The treatment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microwave Fenton oxidation is performed at a microwave irradiation power of 500- & 1000W, an irradiation time of 6-20min, a pH value of 3-6, and a Fenton reagent composition (molar ratio): n (H)2O2)∶n(Fe2+) The adding amount is 10-20: 1: 0.2-1 per mill.
8. The process of claim 1, wherein the step (5) filtration equipment is selected from one or more of quartz sand filter, high efficiency fiber filter, and PP face filter.
9. The treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the biological method in the step (4) is to fill biological filler in the biological fluidized bed to control the dissolved oxygen in the wastewater to be 4-8 mg/L, and the biological filler is columnar plastic biological filler with the diameter of 15 mm.
10. The processing method of claim 5, wherein the composite photocatalyst is prepared by: in Cd (NO)3)2Adding thioacetamide as sulfur source into the water solution, stirring, adding TiO2The powder is put into a thermostatic water bath at the set temperature of 50-60 ℃ for reaction for 20min, and after the reaction is finished, the powder is centrifuged, washed and dried to obtain the photocatalyst, and the CdS and TiO in the composite photocatalyst2The mass ratio is 10-20: 80-90.
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