CN112057166A - Experimental system and method for simulating skull surgery - Google Patents
Experimental system and method for simulating skull surgery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112057166A CN112057166A CN202011016104.3A CN202011016104A CN112057166A CN 112057166 A CN112057166 A CN 112057166A CN 202011016104 A CN202011016104 A CN 202011016104A CN 112057166 A CN112057166 A CN 112057166A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- skull
- clamping block
- module
- mechanical arm
- connecting piece
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 210000003625 skull Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 133
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000007428 craniotomy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002980 postoperative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003484 anatomy Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000004714 cranial suture Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000009283 Craniosynostoses Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010049889 Craniosynostosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013473 artificial intelligence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036770 blood supply Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036244 malformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000399 orthopedic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004761 scalp Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/10—Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/30—Surgical robots
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/70—Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/10—Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
- A61B2034/101—Computer-aided simulation of surgical operations
- A61B2034/105—Modelling of the patient, e.g. for ligaments or bones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/10—Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
- A61B2034/108—Computer aided selection or customisation of medical implants or cutting guides
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a skull surgery simulation experiment system and a skull surgery simulation experiment method, and aims to solve the problem that skull surgery needs simulation experiments in the prior art. The invention can move freely in an effective stroke in a space rectangular coordinate system taking x, y and z axes as coordinate axes to finish operations of drawing and dotting any point on the outer surface of the skull model and the like, so that the axis of the painting brush/milling cutter points to the center of the spherical surface of the skull, and the accuracy of the circuit is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to a skull surgery simulation experiment system and method.
Background
How to efficiently, accurately and safely complete the drilling and milling of the skull in the craniotomy so as to remove the bone flap to form a bone window with a proper size, and neurosurgeons are always seeking a proper and quick method. The development of neurosurgery has also promoted the development of craniotomy instruments, from prior hand drills, wire saws to current electric craniotomy drills and milling cutters. With the rapid development of robots and artificial intelligence in recent years and the increasing application thereof to the field of neurosurgery, the combination of robots with craniotomy necessarily contributes to the improvement and enhancement of the technology thereof.
Each skull operation is unique, in the prior art, the skull orthopedic operation is implemented by the anatomy in the operation and the experience according to the actual situation, and the effect can only be seen after the operation is finished and the scalp is sutured. Currently, the skull top malformation condition is judged mainly by three-dimensional CT, the cutting shape and the cutting route are designed on a two-dimensional CT sheet or paper according to the experience of a doctor, and then the cutting shape, the cutting route and the splicing mode are adjusted in real time according to the actual situation in the operation process. There are a number of problems with this conventional approach: the design of a scheme before the operation of the skull is difficult to make; the skull operation relates to the positioning problem of a three-dimensional space, and the three-dimensional space relationship among bone flaps in the skull reconstruction process is difficult to completely consider on a two-dimensional plane; due to the lack of effective means, the surgical plan cannot be effectively transferred to the implementation process of the surgery, and the expected plastic result designed by the preoperative plan is difficult to achieve practically; because the surgical plan cannot be fully implemented in the surgical procedure, the protection of important positions and anatomical structures planned in the preoperative plan cannot be realized in the surgical procedure; the operation process cannot be meticulous and accurate, so that excessive cutting can be performed on the skull, bone flap is greatly damaged, postoperative healing is not easy to occur, and bleeding possibility exists; the operation time is long, the blood supply, the blood pressure and the metabolism of a patient are influenced, uncertain factors of the operation are increased, and the operation risk is increased.
In order to accurately implement an operation scheme in an operation process, skull bone must be accurately cut, so that the cutting position needs to be accurately positioned, and due to the fact that the internal structure of the skull is complex, blood vessel nerves are staggered, care needs to be taken when the skull bone is cut, important blood vessels and nerves are avoided, and therefore a simulation experiment needs to be firstly carried out on the skull bone operation, and then a clinical operation needs to be carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, that is, to solve the problem that the skull surgery needs a simulation experiment in the prior art, the invention provides a simulation skull surgery experiment system on one hand, which comprises a bearing module, a posture adjusting module, a holding module, a body structural member and a controller, wherein the holding module is connected with the posture adjusting module, and is arranged on the body structural member through the posture adjusting module; the bearing module is used for fixing the skull model and providing support.
The gesture adjusting module comprises a mechanical arm, the control end of the mechanical arm is in communication connection with the controller, and the controller is used for controlling the actions of the mechanical arm.
The holding module is connected with the tail end of the mechanical arm and used for fixing the painting brush/milling cutter.
The mechanical arm can drive the painting brush/milling cutter to mark the skull model under the control of the controller.
In some preferred technical solutions, the body structural member includes a first support frame and a second support frame respectively disposed on two mutually orthogonal planes, the first support frame is disposed on a horizontal plane, and the second support frame is disposed on a vertical plane.
The bearing module is arranged on the horizontal plane through the first supporting frame, the posture adjusting module is arranged on the vertical plane through the second supporting frame, and the posture adjusting module has freedom degree of movement in the vertical plane, rotational freedom degree around the axis perpendicular to the vertical plane and rotational freedom degree around the axis parallel to the vertical plane.
In some preferred technical solutions, the bearing module includes a first translation mechanism disposed along an axial direction perpendicular to the vertical plane, the first translation mechanism includes a first guide rail and a first slider, the first guide rail and the first slider are fixedly disposed on the first support frame, and the first slider is movably disposed on the first guide rail and forms a linear sliding pair with the first guide rail.
The first sliding block is provided with a bearing platform, the bearing platform has a degree of freedom rotating around the axis of the bearing platform, and the bearing platform is fixed with the skull model through a detachable connecting piece.
In some preferred technical solutions, the posture adjustment module further includes a translation assembly, the translation assembly is connected with the mechanical arm, and the mechanical arm is mounted on the second support frame through the translation assembly.
The translation assembly comprises a second translation mechanism and a third translation mechanism, and the first translation mechanism and the second translation mechanism are arranged orthogonally.
The mechanical arm comprises a first rotating mechanism and a second rotating mechanism, the first rotating mechanism and the second rotating mechanism are connected through a first connecting piece, and an output shaft of the first rotating mechanism can rotate around an axis perpendicular to the vertical surface; the output shaft of the second rotating mechanism can rotate around an axis parallel to the vertical surface.
In some preferred technical solutions, the first rotating mechanism includes a power device, a transmission device, a detection device and a limit device.
The output end of the power device is connected with the first connecting piece through the transmission device, the transmission device is in belt transmission, the detection device is used for detecting the movement information of a conveying belt in the transmission device and generating a detection signal, and the detection device is in communication connection with the limiting device; the limiting device limits the transmission device to transmit power to the first connecting piece based on the detection signal.
In some preferred technical solutions, the limiting device includes a first limiting mechanism and a second limiting mechanism; the transmission device comprises a first belt wheel, a second belt wheel and a conveying belt sleeved on the first belt wheel and the second belt wheel.
The first limiting mechanism is connected with the first belt wheel and limits the rotary motion of the first belt wheel based on the detection signal.
The second limiting mechanism is connected with the second belt wheel and limits the rotary motion of the second belt wheel based on the detection signal.
In some preferred technical solutions, the first limiting mechanism is a band-type brake mechanism, and the second limiting mechanism is a limiting switch.
In some preferred technical solutions, the holding module includes a housing connected to the end of the robot arm, and a clamping mechanism movably disposed inside the housing, and the clamping mechanism is fixed to the housing through a first elastic element.
The clamping mechanism comprises a first clamping block and a second clamping block which are oppositely arranged, and a first fixing portion and a second fixing portion are correspondingly arranged at the end portions, close to each other, of the first clamping block and the second clamping block respectively.
The first clamping block is movably matched with the second clamping block, so that the first fixing part and the second fixing part are in a pressing state/separating state to clamp/release the painting brush/milling cutter.
In some preferred technical schemes, the clamping mechanism further comprises a box body, the box body is fixed with the shell through a first elastic element, the first clamping block and the second clamping block are arranged inside the box body, one side of the first clamping block, which deviates from the second clamping block, is fixed with the inner wall of the box body, and the second clamping block is movably arranged inside the box body.
A button and a second connecting piece are movably arranged in the accommodating space in the first clamping block, one end of the button extends to the outside of the first clamping block to form a pressing part, and the other end of the button is fixed with the second connecting piece in the accommodating space; one end of the second connecting piece, which is far away from the button, extends to the outside of the first clamping block to be fixed with the second clamping block.
The second elastic element is sleeved on the second connecting piece, the second connecting piece is located on the outer wall inside the containing space and protrudes along the radial direction to form an annular limiting portion, and the second elastic element is limited between the annular limiting portion and the inner wall of the first clamping block.
On the other hand, the invention provides a simulated skull surgery experiment method which is completed based on the simulated skull surgery experiment system in any technical scheme and specifically comprises the following steps.
And S100, acquiring a skull model, acquiring a skull cutting route and a titanium sheet punching position based on the skull model, and sending the cutting route to the simulated skull surgery experiment system.
And S200, installing the skull model on a bearing module of the system, starting the system, and controlling a painting brush/milling cutter to mark the outer surface of the skull model based on the cutting path, wherein the marking comprises dotting and/or drawing lines so as to obtain a skull surgery experimental model.
And S300, simulating a skull operation experiment based on the skull operation experiment model.
The skull model is obtained based on a 3D printing technique.
The invention has the beneficial effects.
The system can move freely in an effective stroke in a space rectangular coordinate system taking x, y and z axes as coordinate axes to finish operations of drawing and dotting any point on the outer surface of the skull model and the like. According to the system, two active rotational degrees of freedom are added at the executing end of the posture adjusting module, and one rotational degree of freedom is added at the skull model, so that the axis of the painting brush/milling cutter points to the center of the spherical surface of the skull, and the accuracy of the circuit is ensured.
The method of the invention marks the skull operation experimental model by the system and then carries out the operations of simulated operation, cutting, splicing and the like. Through the pre-designed scheme, after the scheme is confirmed to be feasible, the doctor performs the operation according to the simulation experiment. According to the method, the optimal cutting scheme required by different forms of cranial suture operations is summarized through calculation and analysis according to various previous cases and the operation hearts of doctors, so that the postoperative recovery effect of a patient is optimal, and the cost of the operation titanium sheet is the minimum.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a simulated skull surgery experiment system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a first rotary mechanism in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a third rotary mechanism in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a grip module according to an embodiment of the invention.
List of reference numerals.
1-a second translation mechanism; 2-a third translation mechanism; 3-a first translation mechanism; 4-a first rotation mechanism; 5-a third rotating mechanism; 6-skull model; 7-holding the module; 8-a body structure member; 9-a second rotation mechanism; 402-a first connector; 403-protective shell; 404-a conveyor belt; 405 a second pulley; 406-a first pulley; 407-base; 408-crossed cylindrical roller bearings; 409-a limiting block; 410-limit switch bracket; 411-detection means; 412-a servo motor; 413-motor backing plate; 414-brake connecting shaft; 415-a motor fixing bracket; 416-a screw; 417-band brake support; 418-band-type brake; 502-a load-bearing platform; 503-protective shell; 701-paintbrush/milling cutter; 702-a cover plate; 703-a first elastic element; 704-a sliding box; 705-a second clamp block; 706-a first clamp block; 707-snap spring for shaft; 708-a second elastic element; 709-a second connector; 710-a button; 711-a housing; 901-motor actuator; 902-output flange.
Detailed Description
In order to make the embodiments, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
This embodiment provides a simulation skull operation experimental system on the one hand, including bearing module, accent appearance module, the module of gripping, body structure and controller, the module of gripping with it connects to transfer the appearance module, the module of gripping passes through it installs to transfer the appearance module in the body structure, wherein.
The bearing module is used for fixing the skull model and providing support.
The gesture adjusting module comprises a mechanical arm, the control end of the mechanical arm is in communication connection with the controller, and the controller is used for controlling the actions of the mechanical arm.
The holding module is connected with the tail end of the mechanical arm and used for fixing the painting brush/milling cutter.
The mechanical arm can drive the painting brush/milling cutter to mark the skull model based on a preset cutting route under the control of the controller.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for simulating a skull surgery experiment, which is completed based on the above system for simulating a skull surgery experiment, and specifically includes the following steps.
And S100, acquiring a skull model, acquiring a skull cutting route and a titanium sheet punching position based on the skull model, and sending the cutting route to the system.
And S200, installing the skull model on a bearing module of the system, starting the system, and controlling a painting brush/milling cutter to mark the outer surface of the skull model based on the cutting path, wherein the marking comprises dotting and/or drawing lines so as to obtain a skull surgery experimental model.
And S300, simulating a skull operation experiment based on the skull operation experiment model.
The skull model is obtained based on a 3D printing technique.
It can be understood that the painting brush/milling cutter can be replaced by those skilled in the art at will, and the experimental system can draw lines on the skull model through the painting brush, and can also draw lines or punch holes on the upper surface of the skull model through common actuators of medical instruments such as a milling cutter/scalpel and the like.
In order to more clearly explain the experimental system for simulating skull surgery of the present invention, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the experimental system for simulating skull surgery of the invention is shown in figure 1 and comprises a bearing module, a posture adjusting module, a holding module 7, a body structural part 8 and a controller, wherein the holding module is connected with the posture adjusting module, and the holding module is arranged on the body structural part 8 through the posture adjusting module.
The carrier module is used to hold the skull model 6 and provide support.
The posture adjusting module comprises a mechanical arm, a control end of the mechanical arm is in communication connection with a controller, and the controller is used for controlling actions of the mechanical arm.
A grip module 7 is connected to the end of the robot arm, and the grip module is used to fix the brush/mill 701.
The mechanical arm can drive a painting brush/milling cutter 701 to mark the skull model 6 based on a preset cutting route under the control of the controller.
In some preferred embodiments, the body structural member includes a first support frame and a second support frame respectively disposed on two mutually orthogonal planes, the first support frame is disposed on a horizontal plane, and the second support frame is disposed on a vertical plane.
The bearing module is installed in the horizontal plane through first support frame, transfers the appearance module to install in vertical face through the second support frame, transfers the appearance module to have the degree of freedom that removes in vertical face, around the rotatory degree of freedom of the vertical face axis of perpendicular to and around the rotatory degree of freedom that is on a parallel with vertical face axis.
Specifically, a first support frame and a second support frame in the experimental system for simulating the skull surgery are arranged in a space rectangular coordinate system with x, y and z axes as coordinate axes; the first support frame sets up in xy place plane promptly horizontal plane, and the second support frame sets up in xz place plane promptly vertical face, and the bearing module is installed in the horizontal plane through first support frame, adjusts the appearance module and installs in vertical face through the second support frame, adjusts the appearance module and has four degrees of freedom, along the degree of freedom that x axle direction removed promptly, along the degree of freedom that z axle direction removed, around the rotational degree of freedom of z axle and around the rotational degree of freedom of x axle. The skilled person in the art can understand that the simulated skull surgery experimental system of the present application can also enable the posture adjustment module to have the translational degree of freedom and the rotational degree of freedom of xyz three axes, and the skull model is fixed, but this method easily causes the posture adjustment module to have too large load, and the bearing platform is inconvenient to install when installing the skull model, so the posture adjustment module is set to have four degrees of freedom, and the bearing module is set to have two degrees of freedom.
Furthermore, the bearing module comprises a first translation mechanism 3 arranged along the axis direction perpendicular to the vertical surface, namely the bearing module comprises a first translation mechanism 3 arranged along the y-axis direction and a third rotation mechanism 5 with an output shaft arranged along the z-axis mode, the first translation mechanism 3 comprises a first guide rail and a first sliding block which are fixedly arranged on the first support frame, and the first sliding block is movably arranged on the first guide rail and forms a linear moving pair with the first guide rail; the first sliding block is provided with a bearing platform 502, the bearing platform 502 is coaxially arranged with an output shaft of the third rotating mechanism 5, the third rotating mechanism 5 enables the bearing platform 502 to have a degree of freedom of rotation around the axis of the third rotating mechanism, and the bearing platform 502 is fixed with the skull model 6 through a detachable connecting piece. Preferably, the detachable connectors are members such as screws, bolts, anchors, etc., which provide a detachable connection between the skull model 6 and the load-bearing platform 502.
In some preferred embodiments, the posture adjustment module comprises a mechanical arm and a translation assembly, the translation assembly is connected with the mechanical arm, and the mechanical arm is mounted on the second support frame through the translation assembly; the structure and position of the first and second support brackets can be flexibly set by those skilled in the art.
The translation assembly comprises a second translation mechanism 1 and a third translation mechanism 2, and the second translation mechanism 1 and the second translation mechanism 2 are orthogonally arranged; referring to fig. 1, a second translation mechanism 1 is disposed along the z-axis direction, and a third translation mechanism 2 is disposed along the x-axis direction. Further, the third translation mechanism 2 of the present invention is disposed outside the second translation mechanism 1, the third translation mechanism 2 can be driven by the movable end of the second translation mechanism 1 to move along the z-axis direction, the movable end of the third translation mechanism 2 is connected to the mechanical arm to drive the mechanical arm to move along the x-axis direction, and the second translation mechanism 1 and the third translation mechanism 2 are combined to enable the mechanical arm to move at any point on the xz plane. It should be understood that the drawings in the present application are only a preferred embodiment, and those skilled in the art can also interchange the positions of the second translation mechanism 1 and the third translation mechanism 2, that is, the second translation mechanism 1 is connected to the movable end of the third translation mechanism 2, and the positional relationship between the two translation mechanisms is not a limitation of the translation assembly of the present invention. Further, the first translation mechanism 3, the second translation mechanism 1, and the third translation mechanism 2 may be flexibly configured by those skilled in the art, and may be of a rail-slider structure, an electric push-rod structure, or a roller-screw structure, as long as they are all linear translation pairs. Further, the controller can drive the fixed end of the mechanical arm to reach any position of the plane where xz is located by controlling the translation assembly.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the three translation mechanisms are driven by the servo motors, and the execution end of the painting brush/milling cutter can reach any point on the arc surface of the model through the cooperative control of the three translation mechanisms.
When actually drawing a line, in order to ensure that the painting brush/milling cutter can uniformly draw a cutting path, the holding module and the skull model cannot interfere with each other, and the like, the axis of the painting brush/milling cutter must be always perpendicular to the arc surface of the skull model. The three xyz translation mechanisms are matched with each other to link to reach any point on the skull model, and the three translation mechanisms need to be matched with the three rotation mechanisms in consideration of the uniformity of the thickness of the drawn line. The y-axis rotation module is connected with the x-axis rotation module, and the z-axis rotation module controls the skull model to rotate axially. The skull remodeling surgical robot comprises a translation mechanism which moves along the xyz directions respectively, and a rotation mechanism which rotates along the xyz directions respectively. Wherein, the bottom of the body structural part 8 is provided with a first translation mechanism 3, and the back is provided with a second translation mechanism 1; the third rotating mechanism 5 is fixed on the slide block of the first translation mechanism 3 through a base 407; the skull model 6 is fixed on the bearing platform 502 of the third rotating mechanism 5 by adopting a hand-screwed screw; the third screen 2 is already fixed on the slide block of the first translation mechanism 3; the first rotating mechanism 4 is fixed on the sliding block of the third translation mechanism 2; the second rotating mechanism 9 is fixed on the first connecting piece 402; the grip module 7 is fixed to the output flange 902 of the second rotary mechanism 9.
In some preferred embodiments, the mechanical arm comprises a first rotating mechanism 4, a second rotating mechanism 9, and a first connecting piece 402, wherein the first rotating mechanism 4 and the second rotating mechanism 9 are connected through the first connecting piece 402, and an output shaft of the first rotating mechanism 4 can rotate around a y axis; the output shaft of the second rotation mechanism 9 is rotatable about the x-axis.
Specifically, the first rotating mechanism comprises a power device, a transmission device, a detection device 411 and a limiting device; the output end of the power device is connected with the first connecting piece 402 through a transmission device, the transmission device is in belt transmission, the detection device 411 is used for detecting the movement information of a conveying belt in the transmission device and generating a detection signal, and the detection device 411 is in communication connection with the limiting device; the limiting device limits the transmission to transmit power to the first connecting piece 402 based on the detection signal. The mounting position of the limiting device is variable, and the limiting device can be directly or indirectly connected with the transmission device to limit the transmission function of the transmission device.
The limiting device comprises a first limiting mechanism and a second limiting mechanism; the transmission device comprises a first belt wheel 406, a second belt wheel 405 and a conveyor belt 404 sleeved on the first belt wheel 406 and the second belt wheel 405; the first limiting mechanism is connected with the first belt pulley 406 and limits the rotation movement of the first belt pulley 406 based on the detection signal; the second limit mechanism is connected to the second pulley 405, and limits the rotational movement of the second pulley 405 based on the detection signal. The first limiting mechanism is a band-type brake mechanism, and the second limiting mechanism is a limiting switch. Preferably, the detecting device 411 is a displacement sensor, which can detect the displacement information of the conveyor belt 404 and generate a detection signal, i.e. a displacement signal of the conveyor belt. Preferably, the first pulley 406 has a smaller outer diameter than the second pulley 405. The limiting device comprises a mechanical limiting device and an electrical limiting device, wherein an explosion mechanism is in the electrical limiting device, a limiting switch is in the mechanical limiting device, and the limiting device formed by combining the explosion mechanism and the electrical limiting device can ensure that the space stroke of the mechanical arm of the attitude adjusting module is within a control range, so that the safety is enhanced.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the power unit includes a servo motor 412, a motor pad 413, a motor fixing bracket 415; the first limiting mechanism comprises a brake connecting shaft 414, a brake bracket 417 and a brake 418; the second limiting mechanism comprises a limiting block 409 and a switch bracket 410.
The base 407 of the first rotating mechanism 4 is fixed on the sliding block of the third translating mechanism 2, the base 407 is fixed with a crossed cylindrical roller bearing 408, a limit switch bracket 410, a motor fixing bracket 415 and a protective shell 403, the crossed cylindrical roller bearing 408 is provided with a second belt pulley 405, the second belt pulley 405 is provided with a limit block 409 and a first connecting piece 402, the other end of the first connecting piece 402 is provided with a motor actuator 901 perpendicular to the y axis, and the output end of the motor actuator 901 is fixed with an output flange 902 for fixing the holding module 7. The limit switch bracket 410 is provided with a detection device 411 and an induction limit block 409. A servo motor 412 and a band-type brake support 417 are mounted on the motor fixing support 415, a band-type brake 418 is mounted on the band-type brake support 417, a motor base plate 413 is mounted between the servo motor 412 and the motor fixing support 415, a first belt wheel 406 is mounted on an output shaft of the servo motor 412 and is matched with the second belt wheel 405 and the conveyor belt 404 to transmit power, and a band-type brake connecting shaft 414 is connected between the first belt wheel 406 and the band-type brake 418.
The third rotating mechanism 5 has the same structure as the first rotating mechanism 4, the base 407 is fixed on the sliding block of the first translation mechanism 3, and the bearing platform 502 is fixed on the second pulley 405 and used for fixing the skull model 6. The second rotation mechanism 9 is directly driven to rotate by a motor actuator.
In other preferred embodiments, the grip module 7 comprises a housing 711 connected to the end of the robot arm, and a clamping mechanism movably disposed inside the housing 711, wherein the clamping mechanism is fixed to the housing 711 by a first elastic element 703. It will be appreciated that the first resilient element 703 is preferably arranged below the top wall of the housing 711, i.e. the clamping mechanism is able to move up and down in a vertical direction relative to the housing 711. Referring to the drawings, a top wall of the housing 711 is a cover plate 702, and a first elastic element 703 is disposed below the cover plate 702. The housing 711 and the clamping mechanism are elastically connected by a first elastic element 703, and when the brush/milling cutter 701 keeps a contact force with the skull, the first elastic element 703 is in a compressed state, so that the connection between the brush/milling cutter 701 and the grip module 7 becomes a flexible connection.
The clamping mechanism comprises a first clamping block 706 and a second clamping block 705 which are arranged oppositely, a first fixing portion and a second fixing portion are respectively and correspondingly arranged at the end portions, close to each other, of the first clamping block 706 and the second clamping block 705, the first fixing portion and the second fixing portion are preferably of arc-shaped structures and are used for being matched with the shape of the painting brush/milling cutter so as to be convenient for fixing and clamping the painting brush/milling cutter.
The first clamping block 706 is movably engaged with the second clamping block 705, so that the first fixing portion and the second fixing portion are in a pressing state/separating state to clamp/release the brush/milling cutter.
Further, the clamping mechanism further comprises a sliding box body 704, the sliding box body 704 is fixed with a shell 711 through a first elastic element 708, a first clamping block 706 and a second clamping block 705 are arranged inside the sliding box body 704, one side, away from the second clamping block 705, of the first clamping block 706 is fixed with the inner wall of the sliding box body 704 through a shaft clamp spring 707, and the second clamping block 705 is movably arranged inside the sliding box body 704.
A button 710 and a second connecting piece 709 are movably arranged in the accommodating space inside the first clamping block 706, one end of the button 710 extends outside the first clamping block 706 to form a pressing part, and the other end of the button 710 is fixed with the second connecting piece 709 in the accommodating space; one end of the second connecting member 709 facing away from the button extends outside the first clamping block 706 and is fixed with the second clamping block 705 by a shaft clamp spring 707.
The second elastic element 708 is sleeved on the second connecting member 709, the outer wall of the second connecting member 709 located inside the accommodating space is protruded along the radial direction to form an annular limiting portion, and the second elastic element 708 is limited between the annular limiting portion and the inner wall of the first clamping block 706.
The holding module 7 has two functions of self-locking clamping and elastic expansion. In order to facilitate the dismounting and the replacement of the painting brush/milling cutter 701, a self-locking clamping function is added. Considering that the skull model 6 is irregular and its outer surface is uneven, the present invention adds the elastic expansion of the brush/cutter 701 to the holding module 7. The holding module 7 is characterized in that a housing 711 is fixed to the output flange 902, a sliding box 704 is arranged in the housing 711, a cover plate 702 is fixed above the sliding box 704, a first elastic element 703 is arranged between the sliding box 704 and the cover plate 702, a first clamping block 706 and a second clamping block 705 are arranged in the sliding box 704, the second clamping block 705 is fixed to the sliding box 704 through bolts, 4 connecting shafts 709 are arranged on the first clamping block 706, and a second elastic element 708 and a shaft clamp spring 707 are arranged on the second connecting block 709, so that the first clamping block 706 and the second clamping block 705 are kept clamped. A button 710 is mounted in a U-shaped hole in the side of the housing 711, and the button 710 pushes the connecting shaft 709 to separate the first clamping block 706 from the second clamping block 705.
The button 710 is in a normal state, the painting brush/milling cutter 701 penetrates through the cover plate and the first elastic element 703 to enter the sliding box body 704, the first clamping block is tightly matched with the second clamping block under the action of the second connecting piece to fixedly clamp the painting brush/milling cutter 701, the pressing portion of the button 710 is pressed, the button 710 pushes the second connecting piece 709 to move towards the direction of the first clamping block, so that the second elastic element sleeved outside the second connecting piece 709 is compressed, the first clamping block moves backwards under the action of the rigid force of the second connecting piece to be separated from the second clamping block, at the moment, the clamping mechanism releases the painting brush/milling cutter 701, and after the button 710 is released, the second elastic element resets to drive the first clamping block to be tightly matched with the second clamping block again.
Further, a preferred embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for simulating skull surgery experiments, which is completed by the system for simulating skull surgery experiments described in the above embodiments, and specifically includes the following steps.
And S100, acquiring a skull model, calculating by an algorithm based on the skull model to acquire a skull cutting route and a titanium sheet punching position, and sending the cutting route to a controller of the experimental system for simulating skull surgery.
And S200, mounting the skull model on a bearing module of the system, fixing a painting brush/milling cutter through a holding module, starting the system, and controlling the posture adjusting module by the controller based on a cutting path to drive the painting brush/milling cutter to mark on the outer surface of the skull model, wherein the marking comprises dotting and/or drawing to obtain the marked skull operation experimental model.
And step S300, simulating a skull operation experiment based on the skull operation experiment model obtained in the step S200.
The skull model is obtained based on a 3D printing technology, which is a skull model of a patient printed out according to a ratio of 1: 1. The printing method of the specific skull model can be performed by adopting the known technology, and the details are not repeated herein. And (5) taking out the marked experimental model of the skull surgery by the doctor, simulating the operation, performing operations such as cutting and splicing, and performing a pre-designed scheme. After the scheme is confirmed to be feasible, the doctor performs the operation according to the simulation experiment. The method summarizes the optimal cutting scheme required by different forms of craniosynostosis by calculation and analysis according to various previous cases and the operation hearts of doctors and the like. Aims to ensure that the postoperative recovery effect is optimal and the cost of the titanium sheet is minimum.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application at least have the following technical effects and advantages.
The system can move freely in an effective stroke in a space rectangular coordinate system taking x, y and z axes as coordinate axes to finish operations of drawing and dotting any point on the outer surface of the skull model and the like. According to the system, two active rotational degrees of freedom are added at the executing end of the posture adjusting module, and one rotational degree of freedom is added at the skull model, so that the axis of the painting brush/milling cutter points to the center of the spherical surface of the skull, and the accuracy of the circuit is ensured.
The method of the invention marks the skull operation experimental model by the system and then carries out the operations of simulated operation, cutting, splicing and the like. Through the pre-designed scheme, after the scheme is confirmed to be feasible, the doctor performs the operation according to the simulation experiment. According to the method, the optimal cutting scheme required by different forms of cranial suture operations is summarized through calculation and analysis according to various previous cases and the operation hearts of doctors, so that the postoperative recovery effect of a patient is optimal, and the cost of the operation titanium sheet is the minimum.
The linear degree of freedom of the invention adopts a linear translation mechanism, and the servo motor drives the linear guide rail, so that the invention has the advantages of converting rotary motion into linear motion, increasing output torque and increasing line drawing precision. The rotary freedom degree adopts a servo motor to drive the conveyor belt to realize rotation, and the uniformity of the thickness of the marking line is effectively ensured.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicating the directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other similar term are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, article, or apparatus.
So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent changes or substitutions of related technical features can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and the technical scheme after the changes or substitutions can fall into the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a simulation skull operation experimental system, its characterized in that, this system including bear the weight of module, transfer appearance module, the module of gripping, body structure and controller, the module of gripping with transfer the appearance module and be connected, the module of gripping pass through transfer the appearance module install in body structure, wherein: the bearing module is used for fixing the skull model and providing support; the posture adjusting module comprises a mechanical arm, a control end of the mechanical arm is in communication connection with the controller, and the controller is used for controlling the action of the mechanical arm; the holding module is connected with the tail end of the mechanical arm and used for fixing the painting brush/milling cutter; the mechanical arm can drive the painting brush/milling cutter to mark the skull model under the control of the controller.
2. A simulated skull surgery experiment system according to claim 1, wherein the body structure comprises a first support frame and a second support frame respectively arranged on two mutually orthogonal planes, the first support frame is arranged on a horizontal plane, and the second support frame is arranged on a vertical plane; the bearing module is arranged on the horizontal plane through the first supporting frame, the posture adjusting module is arranged on the vertical plane through the second supporting frame, and the posture adjusting module has freedom degree of movement in the vertical plane, rotational freedom degree around the axis perpendicular to the vertical plane and rotational freedom degree around the axis parallel to the vertical plane.
3. The simulated skull surgery experimental system according to claim 2, wherein the bearing module comprises a first translation mechanism arranged along an axial direction perpendicular to the vertical plane, the first translation mechanism comprises a first guide rail and a first sliding block, the first guide rail and the first sliding block are fixedly arranged on the first support frame, and the first sliding block is movably arranged on the first guide rail and forms a linear moving pair with the first guide rail; the first sliding block is provided with a bearing platform, the bearing platform has a degree of freedom rotating around the axis of the bearing platform, and the bearing platform is fixed with the skull model through a detachable connecting piece.
4. The simulated skull surgery experimental system of claim 2, wherein the posture adjustment module further comprises a translation assembly, the translation assembly is connected with the mechanical arm, and the mechanical arm is mounted on the second support frame through the translation assembly; the translation assembly comprises a second translation mechanism and a third translation mechanism, and the first translation mechanism and the second translation mechanism are orthogonally arranged; the mechanical arm comprises a first rotating mechanism and a second rotating mechanism, the first rotating mechanism and the second rotating mechanism are connected through a first connecting piece, and an output shaft of the first rotating mechanism can rotate around an axis perpendicular to the vertical surface; the output shaft of the second rotating mechanism can rotate around an axis parallel to the vertical surface.
5. The simulated skull surgery experimental system of claim 4, wherein the first rotating mechanism comprises a power device, a transmission device, a detection device and a limiting device; the output end of the power device is connected with the first connecting piece through the transmission device, the transmission device is in belt transmission, the detection device is used for detecting the movement information of a conveying belt in the transmission device and generating a detection signal, and the detection device is in communication connection with the limiting device; the limiting device limits the transmission device to transmit power to the first connecting piece based on the detection signal.
6. A simulated cranial surgery experimental system according to claim 5 wherein the stop means comprises a first stop mechanism and a second stop mechanism; the transmission device comprises a first belt wheel, a second belt wheel and a conveying belt sleeved on the first belt wheel and the second belt wheel; the first limiting mechanism is connected with the first belt wheel and limits the rotary motion of the first belt wheel based on the detection signal; the second limiting mechanism is connected with the second belt wheel and limits the rotary motion of the second belt wheel based on the detection signal.
7. A simulated cranial surgery experimental system according to claim 6, characterised in that the first limit mechanism is a band-type brake mechanism and the second limit mechanism is a limit switch.
8. The simulated skull surgery experimental system according to claim 1, wherein the holding module comprises a shell connected with the tail end of the mechanical arm, and a clamping mechanism movably arranged inside the shell, and the clamping mechanism is fixed with the shell through a first elastic element; the clamping mechanism comprises a first clamping block and a second clamping block which are arranged oppositely, and a first fixing part and a second fixing part are respectively and correspondingly arranged at the end parts of the first clamping block and the second clamping block close to each other; the first clamping block is movably matched with the second clamping block, so that the first fixing part and the second fixing part are in a pressing state/separating state to clamp/release the painting brush/milling cutter.
9. The simulated skull surgery experimental system according to claim 8, wherein the clamping mechanism further comprises a box body, the box body is fixed with the shell through the first elastic element, the first clamping block and the second clamping block are arranged in the box body, one side of the first clamping block, which faces away from the second clamping block, is fixed with the inner wall of the box body, and the second clamping block is movably arranged in the box body; a button and a second connecting piece are movably arranged in the accommodating space in the first clamping block, one end of the button extends to the outside of the first clamping block to form a pressing part, and the other end of the button is fixed with the second connecting piece in the accommodating space; one end of the second connecting piece, which is far away from the button, extends outside the first clamping block and is fixed with the second clamping block; the second elastic element is sleeved on the second connecting piece, the second connecting piece is located on the outer wall inside the containing space and protrudes along the radial direction to form an annular limiting portion, and the second elastic element is limited between the annular limiting portion and the inner wall of the first clamping block.
10. A method for simulating skull surgery experiments, which is based on the experimental system for simulating skull surgery according to any one of the claims 1-9, and comprises the following steps: step S100, acquiring a skull model, acquiring a skull cutting route and a titanium sheet punching position based on the skull model, and sending the cutting route to a system; step S200, the skull model is arranged on a bearing module of the system, the system is started, and a painting brush/milling cutter is controlled to mark on the outer surface of the skull model based on the cutting route, wherein the marking comprises dotting and/or drawing lines so as to obtain a skull surgery experimental model; step S300, simulating a skull operation experiment based on the skull operation experiment model; the skull model is obtained based on a 3D printing technique.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011016104.3A CN112057166A (en) | 2020-09-24 | 2020-09-24 | Experimental system and method for simulating skull surgery |
| CN202110430755.5A CN112998855B (en) | 2020-09-24 | 2021-04-21 | Skull surgery robot system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011016104.3A CN112057166A (en) | 2020-09-24 | 2020-09-24 | Experimental system and method for simulating skull surgery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112057166A true CN112057166A (en) | 2020-12-11 |
Family
ID=73682720
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011016104.3A Pending CN112057166A (en) | 2020-09-24 | 2020-09-24 | Experimental system and method for simulating skull surgery |
| CN202110430755.5A Active CN112998855B (en) | 2020-09-24 | 2021-04-21 | Skull surgery robot system |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110430755.5A Active CN112998855B (en) | 2020-09-24 | 2021-04-21 | Skull surgery robot system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (2) | CN112057166A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113140146A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-20 | 齐刚 | Hip arthroscope surgery simulation device for orthopedics department |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113440256B (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2023-03-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Ultrasonic osteotome clamping device of spinal surgery robot |
| CN114601565B (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-07-14 | 广东工业大学 | Master-slave control type mechanical platform based on total hip replacement |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1100516C (en) * | 1997-08-27 | 2003-02-05 | 北京航空航天大学 | Cerebrosurgical operation equipment system with robot and its implement method |
| US9905347B2 (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2018-02-27 | Polyvalor, Limited Partnership | Aggregation and control of magneto-responsive entities |
| US9999772B2 (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2018-06-19 | Pacesetter, Inc. | Systems and method for deep brain stimulation therapy |
| CN108618845B (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2022-07-29 | 新加坡国立大学 | Parallel brain surgery minimally invasive surgery robot capable of being fixed on skull |
| CN106965175B (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2019-07-19 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of cooperation interaction control system of craniotome device people |
| CN107280778A (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2017-10-24 | 钟志锋 | Operation tridimensional orienting headstock and its application method |
| CN109567942B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-04-14 | 上海盼研机器人科技有限公司 | Craniomaxillofacial surgical robot auxiliary system adopting artificial intelligence technology |
| CN109893245A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-06-18 | 成都真实维度科技有限公司 | A method of determining that opening cranium enters paths by medical image three-dimensional modeling |
| CN109998648A (en) * | 2019-05-05 | 2019-07-12 | 杨俊� | Brain lesion target spot Needle localization method and its puncture positioning device |
| CN110916753B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-11-10 | 上海交通大学 | Mechanical arm tail end two-section type stabilizing device for craniotomy |
-
2020
- 2020-09-24 CN CN202011016104.3A patent/CN112057166A/en active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-04-21 CN CN202110430755.5A patent/CN112998855B/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113140146A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-20 | 齐刚 | Hip arthroscope surgery simulation device for orthopedics department |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112998855A (en) | 2021-06-22 |
| CN112998855B (en) | 2021-10-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN112998855B (en) | Skull surgery robot system | |
| US7625383B2 (en) | Surgical manipulator | |
| US7892243B2 (en) | Surgical manipulator | |
| EP3007637B1 (en) | System for the treatment of a planned volume of a body part | |
| Masamune et al. | A newly developed stereotactic robot with detachable drive for neurosurgery | |
| Arata et al. | Neurosurgical robotic system for brain tumor removal | |
| KR101567516B1 (en) | 6 degree of freedom master device for needle insertion-type interventional robotic system | |
| EP3714829A1 (en) | Adaptor | |
| CN115153852A (en) | Surgical robot, control method, system and readable storage medium | |
| Zhu et al. | Prospects of robot-assisted mandibular reconstruction with fibula flap: comparison with a computer-assisted navigation system and freehand technique | |
| JP2021052905A (en) | Adapter set and adapter | |
| CN113180836A (en) | Input device, main operation device, and surgical robot | |
| CN112236098A (en) | Robotic instrument for removing bone | |
| JP2020162634A (en) | Adapter and attachment method of adapter | |
| EP3616643B1 (en) | Driver interface and method of detecting attachment of surgical instrument to driver interface | |
| US20230200920A1 (en) | System and method for exchanging surgical tools in an implantable surgical robotic system | |
| CN215839647U (en) | Oral surgery auxiliary equipment and surgical robot | |
| JP2020162637A (en) | Driving mechanism | |
| EP3811883A1 (en) | Surgical instrument | |
| CN114668613A (en) | Intelligent robot system for orthopedic minimally invasive surgery | |
| JP2021052906A (en) | Surgical instrument | |
| De Seta et al. | Robot-assisted cochlear implantation | |
| CN217660136U (en) | Force feedback device and surgical robot | |
| Liu et al. | Control system for maxillofacial surgery robot: Master-slave, motion control and safety design | |
| CN209864103U (en) | Craniomaxillofacial bone deformity restoration robot based on 3D printing fixing plate positioning |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20201211 |