CN112054504B - Wind power-containing power system economic dispatching method based on improved affine spare allocation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an improved affine spare allocation-based economic dispatching method for a wind power-containing power system, which comprises the steps of determining parameters of a generator set, line parameters and a wind power scene in the system; based on an improved affine standby method, determining the actual standby power of a conventional unit after the real-time actual wind power is obtained by taking the difference between the actual wind power and the wind power dispatching power as a reference, and establishing an economic dispatching model of the power system; and determining and outputting a scheduling result of the conventional unit based on the linear programming solver solution model. The method comprises the steps of determining the actual reserve power of the conventional unit after the real-time actual wind power is obtained by taking the difference between the actual wind power and the wind power dispatching power as a reference, establishing an economic dispatching model of the power system, determining and outputting a dispatching result of the conventional unit based on a solving model of a linear programming solver, wherein the dispatching cost of the overall system is obviously lower than that of the conventional affine reserve allocation method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of operation and control in a power system, in particular to an improved affine spare allocation-based economic dispatching method for a power system containing wind power.
Background
The power system scheduling operation comprises static economic scheduling and dynamic economic scheduling. The dynamic economic dispatching considers the mutual influence among all time periods, can reflect the operation requirement of the system more practically, at present, a lot of related researches are carried out, wind energy is used as an important renewable energy source, and the research on the dynamic economic dispatching problem containing the grid-connected wind power plant is an important problem; meanwhile, the wind energy is different from conventional energy sources such as thermal power and the like, and the wind energy has intermittency and unpredictability different from those of a conventional unit, so that difficulty and challenge are brought to the problem. Certain standby power needs to be reserved in the power system to stabilize the randomness of the wind power output. Specifically, a part of standby power of the conventional set is reserved in economic dispatching, and after real-time actual wind power is obtained, deviation of wind power output is balanced by calling the standby power of the conventional set.
The affine standby distribution method is a classical method considering wind power actual distribution. In the affine standby allocation method, the difference value between the actual wind power and the predicted wind power is usually used as a reference, the unbalanced power of the wind power is allocated to each conventional unit through corresponding participation factors, and if the actual wind power is greater than the predicted wind power, downward standby of the system is needed, that is, the conventional unit needs to reduce the output to call the reserved standby power. If the actual wind power is less than the predicted wind power, upward standby of the system is needed, that is, the conventional generator set needs to increase output to call the reserved standby power. In a worse case scenario, if the system backup fails to balance the system power imbalance caused by the randomness of the wind power output, it may result in wind curtailment or load shedding due to underestimation and overestimation of the wind power output. However, the social cost difference between the abandoned wind and the load shedding is large, so that the scheduling result obtained by the traditional method only taking the difference between the actual wind power and the predicted wind power as the reference is not an economic optimal solution.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is to provide an improved affine spare allocation-based economic dispatching method for a wind power-containing power system, which comprises the following steps of:
determining parameters, line parameters and wind power scenes of a generator set in the system;
based on an improved affine standby method, determining the actual standby power of a conventional unit after the real-time actual wind power is obtained by taking the difference between the actual wind power and the wind power dispatching power as a reference, and establishing an economic dispatching model of the power system;
and determining and outputting a scheduling result of the conventional unit based on the linear programming solver solution model.
In the above method, the parameters of the generator set in the system include: upper and lower output limits, fuel cost coefficients, reserve cost coefficients, maximum upward and downward ramp power, and maximum upward and downward reserve capacity;
the line parameters include: topological structure, maximum transmission capacity and direct current power flow distribution coefficient.
In the above method, the objective function of the economic dispatch problem is:
wherein f is the total cost of the system; f. ofcModeling is carried out in the first stage for the total cost of the conventional unit of the system, and a variable p is decided by the her-and-nowi,t、ru,i,tAnd rd,i,tDetermining; p is a radical ofi,tScheduling power r of a conventional unit i in a scheduling period tu,i,tAnd rd,i,tRespectively the upward standby power and the downward standby power of the conventional unit i in a scheduling period t;
futhe cost of the randomness of the system caused by the randomness of the wind power is all corresponding to the second stage, and the cost is changed by wait-and-see variableIt is decided that,is a random variable of wind power output.
In the above method, the first-stage modeling is specifically as follows:
the total cost of the conventional unit of the system can be obtained by the following formula:
wherein T is the number of scheduling periods in the scheduling time domain, where T is 1,2 … T; i is the number of conventional units in the system, I is 1,2 … I; bf,iAnd cf,iPrimary term and constant term coefficients of the fuel cost of the conventional unit i are respectively; c. Cur,iAnd cdr,iRespectively reserving cost coefficients for the upward standby and the downward standby of the conventional unit i;
the constraint conditions are as follows:
power constraint after output accumulation standby constraint of conventional unit
Second, the upper limit of the reserve capacity of the conventional unit is restricted
Third, climbing restraint of conventional unit
Power balance constraint
Wind power random performance is constrained by the relationship between the upper and lower output limits corresponding to the system standby balance and the system standby
Sixthly, the random performance of the wind power is constrained by the upper and lower output limits corresponding to the standby balance of the system
In the formula,andp irespectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of the output of the conventional unit i;
wtscheduling power for wind power, LtPredicting power for the system under the scheduling period t;
wris the installed capacity of wind power.
In the above method, the second stage modeling is specifically as follows:
the wind power randomness cost can be obtained by the following formula:
E[fu(wt)]=cwcEwc+clsEls
in the formula, wherein fu(wt) Penalty cost expectation for second stage wind power randomness;EwcAnd ElsRespectively obtaining expected power values of abandoned wind and load shedding; c. CwcAnd clsThe penalty coefficients are wind curtailment and load shedding respectively.
In the method, the wind power randomness cost in the second stage is written as follows according to a wind power scene model:
in the formula, pisIs the probability of a wind power scenario s;is the sum of the wind power of the scene s in the scheduling period t;andrespectively the load shedding and the wind curtailment power of a scene s; s is the number of wind power scenes;
in the scenario of the sum of the wind power,for the wind power of wind farm jRate scene, J is the number of wind farms in the system;
the conventional unit i determines the actual reserve power of a scene s under a scheduling period t according to a certain scale factor:
in the formula, aiNamely, the conventional unit i bears a scale factor of system backup caused by wind power randomness;
for the transmission line l under the scheduling period t of each scene s, the transmission capacity constraint is as follows:
in the formula: n is a radical ofbThe number of nodes in the system; l is the transmission line index; b is a node index;is the transmission capacity limit of the transmission line l; k is a radical ofl,bIs the distribution coefficient in the dc power flow; i (b) is the number of conventional units connected to the bus bar b; j (b) is the number of wind farms connected to bus b; l isb,tIs the load demand of node b under the scheduling period t;is the scene s under the scheduling period tActual standby power of conventional unit i.
The method comprises the steps of determining the actual reserve power of the conventional unit after the real-time actual wind power is obtained by taking the difference between the actual wind power and the wind power dispatching power as a reference, establishing an economic dispatching model of the power system, determining and outputting a dispatching result of the conventional unit based on a solving model of a linear programming solver, wherein the dispatching cost of the overall system is obviously lower than that of the conventional affine reserve allocation method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the influence of the randomness of the wind power output on the system provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the calculation results of predicted wind power, wind power scenario and wind power dispatch power provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a wind power system economic dispatching method based on improved affine spare allocation, aiming at the defect that social cost is improved by taking a difference value between actual wind power and predicted wind power as a reference in the conventional affine spare allocation method. The invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
An improved affine spare allocation-based economic dispatching method for a wind power-containing power system comprises the following steps:
s1, determining parameters of a generator set, line parameters and wind power scenes in the system; wherein,
the parameters of the generator set in the system comprise: upper and lower output limits, fuel cost coefficients, reserve cost coefficients, maximum upward and downward ramp power, and maximum upward and downward reserve capacity;
the line parameters comprise a topological structure, maximum transmission capacity and a direct current power flow distribution coefficient;
the wind power scene is mainly based on a wind power scene generation method in Applied Energy journal of Efficient power plant conditioning and temporal windings (Efficient output scene generation technology of a multi-renewable Energy power station considering space-time correlation) provided by Chenghui Tang, Yishen Wang et al in 1 July 2018;
s2, based on the improved affine standby method, with the difference between the actual wind power and the wind power dispatching power as a reference, determining the actual standby power of the conventional generator set after the real-time actual wind power is obtained, and establishing an economic dispatching model of the power system, specifically comprising:
the power system economic dispatching model is as follows:
the embodiment takes a rolling economy scheduling problem as an example, and decides the output, system reserve, wind curtailment power and load shedding power of a conventional unit. A two-stage model is employed to model decision variables and wind power randomness costs. The objective function of the economic dispatch problem is:
wherein f is the total cost of the system; f. ofcModeling is carried out in the first stage for the total cost of the conventional unit of the system, and a variable p is decided by the her-and-nowi,t、ru,i,tAnd rd,i,tDetermining; p is a radical ofi,tScheduling power r of a conventional unit i in a scheduling period tu,i,tAnd rd,i,tRespectively the upward standby power and the downward standby power of the conventional unit i in a scheduling period t; f. ofuThe cost of the randomness of the system caused by the randomness of the wind power is all corresponding to the second stage, and the cost is changed by wait-and-see variableIt is decided that,is a random variable of wind power output.
The first stage is as follows:
the total cost of the conventional unit of the system can be obtained by the following formula:
wherein T is the number of scheduling periods in the scheduling time domain, where T is 1,2 … T; i is the number of conventional units in the system, I is 1,2 … I; bf,iAnd cf,iPrimary term and constant term coefficients of the fuel cost of the conventional unit i are respectively; c. Cur,iAnd cdr,iAnd respectively reserving cost coefficients for the upward reserve and the downward reserve of the conventional unit i.
The constraint conditions are as follows:
power constraint after output accumulation standby constraint of conventional unit
Second, the upper limit of the reserve capacity of the conventional unit is restricted
Third, climbing restraint of conventional unit
Power balance constraint
Wind power random performance is constrained by the relationship between the upper and lower output limits corresponding to the system standby balance and the system standby
Sixthly, the random performance of the wind power is constrained by the upper and lower output limits corresponding to the standby balance of the system
In the formula,andp irespectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of the output of the conventional unit i;
wtscheduling power for wind power, LtPredicting power for the system under the scheduling period t;
wris the installed capacity of wind power.
And a second stage:
the wind power randomness cost can be obtained by the following formula:
E[fu(wt)]=cwcEwc+clsEls (9)
in the formula, wherein fu(wt) The penalty cost expectation of the wind power randomness of the second stage is obtained; ewcAnd ElsRespectively obtaining expected power values of abandoned wind and load shedding; c. CwcAnd clsThe penalty coefficients are wind curtailment and load shedding respectively.
As shown in FIG. 2, in the worse case, if the sum of the actual wind power falls withinIf the system is external, the randomness of the wind power cannot be balanced by the system standby; at this time, load shedding or wind curtailment has to be adopted to ensure the power balance of the system. However, considering that the processing difficulty of the system power transmission blocking comes from the connection of the wind power plants on different system nodes, in order to better consider the influence of the wind power randomness on the system power balance and the power transmission blocking, a better method is to obtain the actual wind power of each wind power plant; wind scenes are a classical model for this purpose. Wind power scene based on wind power plant jIt is also possible to obtain a scenario of the sum of the wind power, i.e.J is the number of wind farms in the system. The impact of wind power randomness on system backup and transmission blocking can be considered through correlations in wind scenarios.
Thus, the wind power randomness cost E [ f ] in the second stageu(wt)]The method can be written as follows according to a wind power scene model:
in the formula, pisIs the probability of a wind power scenario s;is the sum of the wind power of the scene s in the scheduling period t;andrespectively the load shedding and the wind curtailment power of a scene s; and S is the number of wind power scenes.
The improved affine backup allocation provided by this embodiment is that, based on a difference between actual wind power and wind power scheduling power, a conventional unit i determines actual backup power of a scene s in a scheduling period t according to a certain scale factor:
in the formula, aiNamely, the conventional unit i bears the scale factor of the system backup caused by the wind power randomness.
For the transmission line l under the scheduling period t of each scene s, the transmission capacity constraint is as follows:
in the formula: n is a radical ofbThe number of nodes in the system; l is the transmission line index; b is a node index;is the transmission capacity limit of the transmission line l; k is a radical ofl,bIs the distribution coefficient in the dc power flow; i (b) is the number of conventional units connected to the bus bar b; j (b) is the number of wind farms connected to bus b; l isb,tIs the load demand of node b under the scheduling period t;is the actual reserve power of the conventional unit i in the scene s at the scheduling period t. The constraint condition (16) ensures that no output resistor blockage occurs in all scheduling periods under all scenes.
Thus, conventional unit costs (including fuel costs and standby costs) and wind power randomness costs are considered in the first and second stages, respectively. The economic dispatching method for the wind power-containing power system based on the improved affine spare allocation, which is provided by the embodiment, comprises the following steps:
an objective function: the compositions of the formulae (1), (2), (9), (10) and (11).
Constraint conditions are as follows: (3) - (8), (12) to (16).
And S3, determining and outputting a scheduling result of the conventional unit, namely scheduling power and a system standby curve, based on the linear programming solver solution model.
The present embodiment will be described below by way of specific examples.
The method for economically scheduling the wind power-containing power system based on improved affine spare allocation is verified in an IEEE 118 standard node system, 2 wind power plants are arranged in the system, each wind power plant is 400MW in capacity, and the wind power plants are connected to 59 th and 80 th nodes respectively. The data of the wind farm is from National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in the united states, the scheduling time domain is one hour, and consists of 12 scheduling periods, each of which is 5 minutes in length. The wind power distribution is characterized using 20 wind power scenarios. The penalty coefficients of the load shedding and the wind abandoning are respectively 1000$/MWh and 80 $/MWh. The spare reservation cost coefficients of the system in the upward direction and the downward direction are both 10 $/MWh.
Fig. 3 shows the predicted wind power (thick black lines) and wind power scenario (thin black lines). The wind power dispatching power (black dotted line) is obtained by solving the proposed wind power system economic dispatching method based on improved affine spare allocation based on a CPLEX tool kit under a matlab environment. It can be seen that the wind power dispatching power in all dispatching cycles is usually lower than the predicted wind power, and the main reason is that the load shedding penalty cost coefficient is far greater than the wind abandon penalty coefficient.
And solving the economic dispatching method of the wind power-containing power system based on the conventional affine standby distribution based on the same 20 wind power scenes. By using the 20 wind power scenes, the conventional unit scheduling power and the reserved reserve are tested based on the improved affine spare allocation method and the conventional affine spare allocation method of the embodiment of the monte carlo test. The actual system costs for these two methods are shown in table 1 below. It can be seen that the proposed method has higher fuel cost because the wind power dispatching power is generally lower than the wind power predicted power, so the conventional unit dispatching power is higher and the fuel cost is higher in the improved affine spare allocation method of the present embodiment, however, since the present embodiment has much lower load shedding and wind abandoning loss cost, the overall system cost of the method of the present embodiment is significantly lower than that of the conventional affine spare allocation method.
TABLE 1 social cost calculation results for the method of this example and the conventional affine spare assignment method
Method of the present embodiment | Conventional affine spare allocation method | |
Fuel cost/$ | 36635 | 35951 |
Spare reservation cost/$ | 2634 | 2643 |
Load shedding cost/$ | 3120 | 4165 |
Wind curtailment cost/$ | 5210 | 6213 |
Total cost/$ | 47599 | 48972 |
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, and any structural changes made under the teaching of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention, which has the same or similar technical solutions as the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The economic dispatching method of the wind power-containing power system based on improved affine spare allocation is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
determining parameters, line parameters and wind power scenes of a generator set in the system;
based on an improved affine standby method, determining the actual standby power of a conventional unit after the real-time actual wind power is obtained by taking the difference between the actual wind power and the wind power dispatching power as a reference, and establishing an economic dispatching model of the power system;
determining and outputting a scheduling result of the conventional unit based on a linear programming solver solution model;
the parameters of the generator set in the system comprise: upper and lower output limits, fuel cost coefficients, reserve cost coefficients, maximum upward and downward ramp power, and maximum upward and downward reserve capacity;
the line parameters include: topological structure, maximum transmission capacity and direct current power flow distribution coefficient;
the objective function of the economic dispatch model is:
minE[f]=fc(pi,t,ru,i,t,rd,i,t)+E[fu(wt)]
wherein f is the total cost of the system; f. ofcModeling is carried out in the first stage for the total cost of the conventional unit of the system, and a variable p is decided by the her-and-nowi,t、ru,i,tAnd rd,i,tDetermining; p is a radical ofi,tScheduling power r of a conventional unit i in a scheduling period tu,i,tAnd rd,i,tRespectively the upward standby power and the downward standby power of the conventional unit i in a scheduling period t;
fu(wt) Is the penalty cost expectation of the second stage wind power randomness, and is composed of a variable wtDetermination of wtScheduling power for the wind power;
the first stage modeling is specifically as follows:
the total cost of the conventional unit of the system can be obtained by the following formula:
wherein T is the number of scheduling periods in the scheduling time domain, where T is 1,2 … T; i is the number of conventional units in the system, I is 1,2 … I; bf,iAnd cf,iPrimary term and constant term coefficients of the fuel cost of the conventional unit i are respectively; c. Cur,iAnd cdr,iRespectively reserving cost coefficients for the upward standby and the downward standby of the conventional unit i;
the constraint conditions are as follows:
power constraint after output accumulation standby constraint of conventional unit
Second, the upper limit of the reserve capacity of the conventional unit is restricted
Third, climbing restraint of conventional unit
Power balance constraint
Wind power random performance is constrained by the relationship between the upper and lower output limits corresponding to the system standby balance and the system standby
Sixthly, the random performance of the wind power is constrained by the upper and lower output limits corresponding to the standby balance of the system
In the formula,andpirespectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of the output of the conventional unit i;
wtscheduling power for wind power, LtPredicting power for the system under the scheduling period t;
wris the installed capacity of wind power;
the second stage modeling is specifically as follows:
the wind power randomness cost can be obtained by the following formula:
E[fu(wt)]=cwcEwc+clsEls
in the formula, wherein fu(wt) The penalty cost expectation of the wind power randomness of the second stage is obtained; ewcAnd ElsRespectively obtaining expected power values of abandoned wind and load shedding; c. CwcAnd clsPunishment coefficients of abandoned wind and load shedding are respectively;
the wind power randomness cost in the second stage is written as follows according to a wind power scene model:
in the formula, pisIs the probability of a wind power scenario s;is the sum of the wind power of the scene s in the scheduling period t;andrespectively the load shedding and the wind curtailment power of a scene s; s is the number of wind power scenes;
in the scenario of the sum of the wind power,the method comprises the following steps of (1) setting a wind power scene of a wind power plant J, wherein J is the number of wind power plants in a system;
the conventional unit i determines the actual reserve power of a scene s under a scheduling period t according to a certain scale factor:
in the formula, aiNamely, the conventional unit i bears a scale factor of system backup caused by wind power randomness;
for the transmission line l under the scheduling period t of each scene s, the transmission capacity constraint is as follows:
in the formula: n is a radical ofbThe number of nodes in the system; l is a transmission lineIndexing; b is a node index; plIs the transmission capacity limit of the transmission line l; k is a radical ofl,bIs the distribution coefficient in the dc power flow; i (b) is the number of conventional units connected to the bus bar b; j (b) is the number of wind farms connected to bus b; l isb,tIs the load demand of node b under the scheduling period t;is the actual reserve power of the conventional unit i in the scene s at the scheduling period t.
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