CN112053857A - Bionic aqueous electrolyte, preparation method and application in super capacitor - Google Patents
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title abstract description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XGPOMXSYOKFBHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F XGPOMXSYOKFBHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000003592 biomimetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920000604 Polyethylene Glycol 200 Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002556 Polyethylene Glycol 300 Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002565 Polyethylene Glycol 400 Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002582 Polyethylene Glycol 600 Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004502 linear sweep voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/62—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/64—Liquid electrolytes characterised by additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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Abstract
A bionic aqueous electrolyte and a preparation method and application in a super capacitor, wherein the bionic aqueous electrolyte is prepared from an electrolyte aqueous solution and low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol (PEG); the electrolyte is one of lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide, sodium perchlorate, lithium perchlorate or sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate; the low molecular weight PEG is the number average molecular weightM nAnd =200 and 600. The bionic aqueous electrolyte provided by the invention has a high electrochemical stability window, is safe, does not burn and resists high temperature; the preparation method of the bionic aqueous electrolyte is simple, so that the bionic aqueous electrolyte is easy to prepare, and large-scale production is facilitated. Based on the present inventionThe voltage window of the water system super capacitor assembled by the clear bionic water system electrolyte is as high as 2.5V, and the water system super capacitor can be safely and effectively applied in normal temperature and high temperature environments and has good capacitance behavior and rate capability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of super capacitors, and relates to a water system electrolyte, a water system super capacitor and a preparation method thereof.
Background
As a power type energy storage device, the super capacitor has been widely used in the fields of electronic equipment, night lighting, rail transit, aerospace and the like. Compared with other energy storage devices, the super capacitor has the advantages of high power density, rapid charge and discharge, excellent rate performance, ultra-long cycle life and the like. With the continuous research of researchers on the performance of the super capacitor, the performance of the super capacitor in all aspects is greatly improved. However, the low energy density is still an important factor that limits the development thereof.
The device structure of the super capacitor mainly comprises a current collector, an electrode material, electrolyte, a diaphragm, an encapsulation material and the like. Besides the traditional improvement of the energy density through the design of electrode materials, the energy density can be further improved according to the energy density formula E =0.5CV2The energy density is increased by widening the voltage window. The electrolyte is a key factor affecting the voltage window. Depending on the type of electrolyte, the electrolyte may be classified into an aqueous electrolyte, an organic electrolyte, and an ionic liquid. Although the organic electrolyte has large working voltage, the properties of flammability, high toxicity, severe device assembly process and the like bring huge potential safety hazard, environmental pollution and cost. The low ionic conductivity and high price of ionic liquids are also not conducive to their large-scale use. In contrast, water-based electrolytes have been widely noticed for their advantages of better safety, lower cost, and ease of handling.
However, the currently developed "water-in-salt" and organic-inorganic hybrid electrolytes are still expensive and toxic to some extent. These limit the mass production and application of such electrolytes and supercapacitors. Therefore, there is a need to develop a more inexpensive and environmentally friendly aqueous electrolyte system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water-based electrolyte with lower price and more environmental protection, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in a super capacitor. The bionic aqueous electrolyte provided by the invention has an electrochemical stability window as high as about 3.0V, is safe and non-combustible, and has a price nearly ten times lower than that of the currently widely applied 21m LiTFSI; the voltage window of the water system super capacitor assembled by the bionic water system electrolyte reaches 2.5V at normal temperature, and the water system super capacitor has good rate performance.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
The invention provides a bionic aqueous electrolyte, which is prepared from an electrolyte aqueous solution and low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol (PEG);
the electrolyte is one of lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide, sodium perchlorate, lithium perchlorate or sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate; the low molecular weight PEG is the number average molecular weightM nAnd =200 and 600.
The molar concentration of the electrolyte in the bionic aqueous electrolyte is 0.1-5 mol/L. Preferably, the molar concentration of the lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide is 1-3 mol/L, the molar concentration of the sodium perchlorate is 0.5-1.5 mol/L, the molar concentration of the lithium perchlorate is 0.2-0.4 mol/L, and the molar concentration of the sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate is 0.5-1.5 mol/L.
The mass percentage of the low-molecular-weight PEG in the bionic aqueous electrolyte is 80-94%, and preferably the mass percentage of the low-molecular-weight PEG in the bionic aqueous electrolyte is 90-94%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the bionic aqueous electrolyte, which comprises the following steps: firstly, dissolving an electrolyte into water to form an electrolyte aqueous solution, then mixing the electrolyte aqueous solution with PEG with a small molecular weight, stirring for 1 hour by using a magnetic stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain the bionic aqueous electrolyte.
The invention also provides application of the bionic aqueous electrolyte in a super capacitor, wherein the aqueous super capacitor comprises a current collector, an electrode material, a diaphragm and electrolyte; the current collector is a stainless steel foil, a nickel foil or a carbon-coated aluminum foil; the electrode material is activated carbon; the diaphragm is one of a glass fiber film and non-woven fabric; the electrolyte is the bionic aqueous electrolyte in the technical scheme.
The bionic aqueous electrolyte provided by the invention has a high electrochemical stability window, is safe, does not burn and is high-temperature resistant. The preparation method of the bionic aqueous electrolyte is simple, so that the bionic aqueous electrolyte is easy to prepare, and large-scale production is facilitated.
The water system super capacitor is provided with a buckle type super capacitor with a sandwich structure; the center of the sandwich structure is a diaphragm; the two sides of the sandwich structure are sequentially provided with an electrode material and a current collector from inside to outside; the electrolyte is the bionic aqueous electrolyte. The water system super capacitor provided by the invention can be safely and effectively applied in normal temperature and high temperature environments, can normally charge and discharge at the temperature of 50 ℃ and has higher energy density than that at normal temperature. The invention provides the preparation method of the water system super capacitor, the materials of the method are easy to obtain, the assembly mode is simple and mature, the cost is obviously reduced, and the method is favorable for large-batch production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a linear sweep voltammetry comparison graph of the biomimetic aqueous electrolyte prepared in example 1 and a corresponding aqueous electrolyte without PEG.
Fig. 2 is a comparative graph of a combustion experiment of the biomimetic aqueous electrolyte and the wide voltage organic electrolyte prepared in example 1.
Fig. 3 is a comparison graph of cyclic voltammograms of the supercapacitor based on the biomimetic aqueous electrolyte and the corresponding supercapacitor without the aqueous electrolyte added with PEG in example 1.
FIG. 4 shows sweep rate of 50 mV s for example 1 based on a bionic aqueous electrolyte super capacitor-1Versus cyclic voltammograms at different voltages.
FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of cyclic voltammetry curves of the supercapacitor based on the bionic aqueous electrolyte in example 1 at different sweep rates under a voltage of 2.5V.
FIG. 6 is a comparative graph of constant current charge and discharge curves of the supercapacitor based on the bionic aqueous electrolyte in example 1 under a voltage of 2.5V and at different current densities.
Fig. 7 is a graph of rate capability of the supercapacitor based on the biomimetic aqueous electrolyte in example 1.
FIG. 8 is a comparison graph of the cyclic voltammetry curves of the supercapacitor based on the bionic aqueous electrolyte in example 1 at normal temperature and at high temperature.
FIG. 9 is a comparative graph of constant current charge and discharge curves of the supercapacitor based on the bionic aqueous electrolyte in example 1 at normal temperature and at high temperature.
Detailed Description
The bionic aqueous electrolyte provided by the present invention, the preparation method thereof and the application thereof in the super capacitor are described in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
The supercapacitors based on biomimetic aqueous electrolyte prepared in the following examples were assembled as follows: the prepared bionic aqueous electrolyte is used as an electrolyte, a glass fiber film is used as a diaphragm, a stainless steel foil is used as a current collector, activated carbon is used as an active material, the activated carbon is mixed with a conductive agent and a binder according to a certain proportion to prepare slurry, the slurry is uniformly coated on the stainless steel foil current collector to obtain a pole piece, and the activated carbon symmetrical buckled aqueous supercapacitor is assembled.
The electrochemical performances of the prepared bionic water system electrolyte and the assembled water system super capacitor are tested on an Shanghai Chenghua electrochemical workstation.
Example 1.
Dissolving lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide with a final concentration of 2 mol/L into 6wt% mass fraction water to form an electrolyte aqueous solution, and adding 94wt% of the electrolyte aqueous solutionMixing the PEG-200 with the electrolyte aqueous solution according to the weight percentage, stirring for 1 hour by using a magnetic stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain one of the bionic aqueous electrolytes provided by the invention, which is marked as 2m LiTFSI-94% PEG200-6% H2O。
Comparative example.
Lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide was dissolved in water at a concentration of 2 mol/L to form an aqueous electrolyte solution, which was recorded as 2m LiTFSI.
The aqueous electrolyte and the aqueous supercapacitor in example 1 and the comparative example were subjected to characterization in a normal temperature environment and performance tests at normal temperature and high temperature, specifically as follows:
FIG. 1 is a comparison graph of linear sweep voltammetry of the biomimetic aqueous electrolyte prepared in example 1 and the aqueous electrolyte without PEG added in the comparative example. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the electrochemical stability window of water can be widened significantly by adding 94wt% of PEG-200 in the aqueous electrolyte solution, and the electrochemical stability window reaches 2.86V.
Fig. 2 is a comparative graph of a combustion experiment of the biomimetic aqueous electrolyte and the organic electrolyte prepared in example 1. As can be seen from fig. 2, the glass fiber membrane soaked by the bionic aqueous electrolyte is not easy to burn, and the glass fiber membrane soaked by the organic electrolyte is easy to burn, so that the bionic aqueous electrolyte has higher safety performance.
FIG. 3 is a comparison graph of cyclic voltammograms of the supercapacitor based on the biomimetic aqueous electrolyte in example 1 and the supercapacitor based on the aqueous electrolyte without PEG in the comparative example. As can be seen from fig. 3, the cyclic voltammetry curves of the supercapacitor based on the water-based electrolyte without PEG in the comparative example are obviously polarized at a window of 2.5V, while the supercapacitor based on the bionic water-based electrolyte is not polarized and has a higher electrochemical stability window.
FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, and FIG. 7 are the electrochemical performance graphs of the supercapacitor based on the bionic aqueous electrolyte in example 1, wherein FIG. 4 is the sweep rate of 50 mV s-1Fig. 5 is a comparison graph of cyclic voltammetry curves at different sweeping speeds under a voltage of 2.5V, and fig. 6 is a comparison graph of constant current charging at different current densities under a voltage of 2.5VThe discharge curves are compared with each other, and FIG. 7 is a rate performance graph. As can be seen from FIG. 4, at 50 mV s-1Under the sweeping speed of the voltage source, the cyclic voltammetry curve still keeps a good rectangular shape under a voltage window of 2.5V, and obvious polarization does not occur, so that the voltage window of the supercapacitor based on the bionic aqueous electrolyte can reach 2.5V. As can be seen from fig. 5, these cyclic voltammograms are approximately rectangular in shape at a voltage window of 2.5V, indicating good capacitive behavior. As can be seen from fig. 6, the constant current charging and discharging curve is shown as a triangle, and in combination with fig. 7, the supercapacitor based on the bionic aqueous electrolyte has good rate capability.
Fig. 8 and 9 are comparative graphs of electrochemical performances of the supercapacitor based on the bionic aqueous electrolyte in example 1 at normal temperature and high temperature, wherein fig. 8 is a comparative graph of cyclic voltammetry curves, and fig. 9 is a comparative graph of constant current charging and discharging curves. As can be seen from fig. 8, the cyclic voltammetry curve has a larger closed area at a high temperature of 50 ℃, and as can be seen from fig. 8 and 9, the constant current charge-discharge curve has a longer discharge time at a high temperature of 50 ℃, which indicates that the supercapacitor based on the bionic water system electrolyte has a higher specific capacity at a high temperature of 50 ℃.
Example 2.
Dissolving sodium perchlorate with the final concentration of 1 mol/L into 6wt% of water by mass fraction to form electrolyte aqueous solution, mixing PEG-200 with the electrolyte aqueous solution by mass fraction of 94wt%, stirring for 1 h by using a magnetic stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain one of the bionic water system electrolytes, wherein the concentration of the electrolyte is 1m NaClO4-94%PEG200-6%H2O。
Example 3.
Dissolving lithium perchlorate with the final concentration of 0.35 mol/L into 6wt% of water by mass fraction to form electrolyte aqueous solution, mixing PEG-200 with the final concentration of 94wt% of the electrolyte aqueous solution, stirring the mixture for 1 hour by using a magnetic stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain one of the bionic aqueous electrolytes provided by the invention, which is marked as 0.35m LiClO4-94%PEG200-6%H2O。
Example 4.
Dissolving 1 mol/L of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate into 6wt% of water to form an electrolyte aqueous solution, mixing 94wt% of PEG-200 with the electrolyte aqueous solution, stirring for 1H by using a magnetic stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain one of the bionic aqueous electrolytes provided by the invention, wherein the concentration is 1m NaOTF-94% of PEG200-6% of H2O。
Example 5.
Dissolving lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide with the final concentration of 2 mol/L into 6wt% of water to form an electrolyte aqueous solution, mixing PEG-300 with the mass fraction of 94wt% with the electrolyte aqueous solution, stirring for 1H by using a magnetic stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain one of the bionic water-based electrolytes provided by the invention, which is marked as 2m LiTFSI-94% of PEG300-6% H2O。
Example 6.
Dissolving sodium perchlorate with the final concentration of 1 mol/L into 6wt% of water by mass fraction to form electrolyte aqueous solution, mixing 94wt% of PEG-300 with the electrolyte aqueous solution, stirring for 1 hour by using a magnetic stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain one of the bionic water system electrolytes, wherein the concentration is 1m NaClO4-94%PEG300-6%H2O。
Example 7.
Dissolving lithium perchlorate with the final concentration of 0.35 mol/L into 6wt% of water by mass fraction to form electrolyte aqueous solution, mixing PEG-300 with the final concentration of 94wt% of the electrolyte aqueous solution, stirring the mixture for 1 hour by using a magnetic stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain one of the bionic aqueous electrolytes provided by the invention, which is marked as 0.35m LiClO4-94%PEG300-6%H2O。
Example 8.
Dissolving 1 mol/L of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate into 6wt% of water to form an electrolyte aqueous solution, mixing 94wt% of PEG-300 with the electrolyte aqueous solution, stirring for 1H by using a magnetic stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain one of the bionic aqueous electrolytes provided by the invention, wherein the concentration is 1m NaOTF-94% of PEG300-6% of H2O。
Example 9.
Dissolving lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide with the final concentration of 2 mol/L into 6wt% of water to form an electrolyte aqueous solution, mixing PEG-400 with the mass fraction of 94wt% with the electrolyte aqueous solution, stirring for 1H by using a magnetic stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain one of the bionic water-based electrolytes provided by the invention, which is marked as 2m LiTFSI-94% of PEG400-6% H2O。
Example 10.
Dissolving sodium perchlorate with the final concentration of 1 mol/L into 6wt% of water by mass fraction to form electrolyte aqueous solution, mixing 94wt% of PEG-400 with the electrolyte aqueous solution, stirring for 1 hour by using a magnetic stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain one of the bionic water system electrolytes, wherein the concentration is 1m NaClO4-94%PEG400-6%H2O。
Example 11.
Dissolving lithium perchlorate with the final concentration of 0.35 mol/L into 6wt% of water by mass fraction to form electrolyte aqueous solution, mixing PEG-400 with the final concentration of 94wt% of the electrolyte aqueous solution, stirring the mixture for 1 hour by using a magnetic stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain one of the bionic aqueous electrolytes provided by the invention, which is marked as 0.35m LiClO4-94%PEG400-6%H2O。
Example 12.
Dissolving 1 mol/L of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate into 6wt% of water to form an electrolyte aqueous solution, mixing 94wt% of PEG-400 with the electrolyte aqueous solution, stirring for 1H by using a magnetic stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain one of the bionic aqueous electrolytes provided by the invention, wherein the concentration is 1m NaOTF-94% of PEG400-6% of H2O。
Example 13.
Dissolving the lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide with the final concentration of 2 mol/L into 6wt% of water to form an electrolyte aqueous solution, mixing the PEG-600 with the final concentration of 94wt% of the electrolyte aqueous solution, stirring the mixture for 1 hour by using a magnetic stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain the bionic water system electrolytic solution provided by the inventionOne of the solutions, 2m LiTFSI-94% PEG600-6% H2O。
Example 14.
Dissolving sodium perchlorate with the final concentration of 1 mol/L into 6wt% of water by mass fraction to form electrolyte aqueous solution, mixing 94wt% of PEG-600 by mass fraction with the electrolyte aqueous solution, stirring for 1 hour by using a magnetic stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain one of the bionic water system electrolytes, wherein the concentration of the one is 1m NaClO4-94%PEG600-6%H2O。
Example 15.
Dissolving lithium perchlorate with the final concentration of 0.35 mol/L into 6wt% of water by mass fraction to form electrolyte aqueous solution, mixing PEG-600 with the final concentration of 94wt% of the electrolyte aqueous solution, stirring the mixture for 1 hour by using a magnetic stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain one of the bionic aqueous electrolytes provided by the invention, which is marked as 0.35m LiClO4-94%PEG600-6%H2O。
Example 16.
Dissolving 1 mol/L of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate into 6wt% of water to form an electrolyte aqueous solution, mixing 94wt% of PEG-600 with the electrolyte aqueous solution, stirring for 1H by using a magnetic stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain one of the bionic aqueous electrolytes provided by the invention, wherein the concentration is 1m NaOTF-94% of PEG600-6% of H2O。
The embodiment shows that the bionic aqueous electrolyte provided by the invention has a wide electrochemical stability window and is not easy to burn, and the supercapacitor based on the bionic aqueous electrolyte provided by the invention has good capacitance behavior and rate capability at normal temperature, can normally charge and discharge at the temperature of 50 ℃ and obviously improves specific capacity, so that the supercapacitor has higher energy density and can provide more energy. Therefore, the supercapacitor based on the bionic aqueous electrolyte provided by the invention can be safely and efficiently applied in normal-temperature and high-temperature environments. The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A bionic aqueous electrolyte is characterized in that the bionic aqueous electrolyte is prepared from an electrolyte aqueous solution and small molecular weight polyethylene glycol; the electrolyte is one of lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide, sodium perchlorate, lithium perchlorate or sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate; the polyethylene glycol with small molecular weight is the number average molecular weightM nAnd =200 and 600.
2. The bionic aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the molar concentration of the electrolyte in the bionic aqueous electrolyte is 0.1-5 mol/L.
3. The bionic aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the molar concentration of the electrolyte in the bionic aqueous electrolyte is as follows: the molar concentration of the lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide is 1-3 mol/L, the molar concentration of the sodium perchlorate is 0.5-1.5 mol/L, the molar concentration of the lithium perchlorate is 0.2-0.4 mol/L, and the molar concentration of the sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate is 0.5-1.5 mol/L.
4. The bionic aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of the polyethylene glycol with the small molecular weight in the bionic aqueous electrolyte is 80-94%.
5. The bionic aqueous electrolyte according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the mass percentage of the polyethylene glycol with the small molecular weight in the bionic aqueous electrolyte is 90-94%.
6. The method for preparing a biomimetic aqueous electrolyte according to any of claims 1-5, characterized by comprising the steps of: firstly, dissolving an electrolyte into water to form an electrolyte aqueous solution, then mixing the electrolyte aqueous solution with PEG with small molecular weight, stirring for 1 hour by using a magnetic stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring.
7. Use of the biomimetic aqueous electrolyte of any of claims 1-5 in a supercapacitor.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113823513A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-21 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method of high-voltage wide-temperature-area aqueous electrolyte of super capacitor |
| CN114582637A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-06-03 | 太原理工大学 | Water-based electrolyte of supercapacitor and preparation method and application thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113823513A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-21 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method of high-voltage wide-temperature-area aqueous electrolyte of super capacitor |
| CN114582637A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-06-03 | 太原理工大学 | Water-based electrolyte of supercapacitor and preparation method and application thereof |
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