CN112052561A - Method for formulating waterlogging prevention emergency plan of drainage system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of waterlogging prevention engineering, and discloses a method for making a waterlogging prevention emergency plan of a drainage system, which comprises the following steps: constructing a mathematical model of a drainage pipe network and selecting designed rainfall; analyzing the four-color early warning level of the weather rainstorm; analyzing the discharge condition of the intercepted sewage; analyzing the pipeline storage capacity of the drainage system; analyzing the drainage system river release critical rain intensity; analyzing the pre-evacuation time of the drainage system; and analyzing the sensitivity of the pump station operation scheduling factors and the flood prevention effect. The hydrological and hydraulic model software is applied to the formulation work of the drainage waterlogging prevention emergency plan, the scientificity of the emergency plan can be obviously improved, and the waterlogging risk of a drainage system is further reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of waterlogging prevention engineering, and particularly relates to a method for making a waterlogging prevention emergency plan of a drainage system and an application scene thereof.
Background
Along with the continuous development and construction of cities, the proportion of impervious surfaces such as concrete roofs, roads and the like is greatly increased, so that the hydrologic cycle conditions of the cities are greatly changed. Compared with a natural underlying surface before development, the runoff coefficient of the urban area is increased, the production convergence time is shortened, the peak flow and the peak time are advanced, and great pressure is brought to urban flood prevention work.
In recent years, the weather changes are intensified, and the extreme rainstorm weather is frequent. Extreme rainstorm weather often brings strong rainfall in a short time, and if no good preventive measures are taken, phenomena such as surface water accumulation, flooding of underground space and the like can be caused, and serious influence is brought to social citizens in serious cases.
In order to effectively deal with the situations, early warning mechanisms for defending natural disasters, which meet the requirements of city development, are set in cities and regions. The weather part generally divides the rainstorm early warning signals into four colors of blue, yellow, orange and red, and the early warning signals published by the marine weather bureau are taken as examples, and the identification standard of the rainstorm blue early warning is as follows: within the next 6 hours, one of the following conditions may or may have occurred and will continue: (1) the rainfall reaches more than 35mm in 1 hour; (2) the rainfall reaches more than 50mm in 6 hours. The related standards published by the meteorological department provide a basis for setting up an emergency plan of the rainstorm disaster in each city and region.
The traditional flood prevention capability evaluation is usually based on the design standard of a drainage system, and only the flood prevention capability and the waterlogging risk of the drainage system can be roughly judged. The mathematical model of the drainage system can accurately calculate the flow, water level and flow rate of the pipe canal under various rainfall and control conditions through computer simulation calculation, predict the occurrence range, depth and ponding time of surface ponding and more accurately and quantitatively describe the system capacity and risk; meanwhile, the relevant parameters of the drainage system under different working conditions can be calculated. The mathematical model technical means provides a better tool for formulating the waterlogging prevention emergency plan. In addition, the design by using the model technology has been written as a requirement in "design specification for outdoor drainage" GB 50014-2006(2016 edition). The application of the drainage pipe network model to planning, designing, researching and making emergency schemes of drainage systems is a development trend in the field of future drainage engineering.
The invention relates to a method for establishing a waterlogging prevention emergency plan of a drainage system by inquiring the disclosed invention patents and papers and combining a mathematical model of a drainage pipe network with meteorological four-color early warning, and the method for establishing the waterlogging prevention emergency plan of the drainage system by using the model to support the establishment of the waterlogging prevention plan of drainage is one of necessary technical means for improving the scientification level of the urban drainage waterlogging prevention work.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for making a waterlogging prevention emergency plan of a drainage system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention collects the establishment measures of flood prevention emergency schemes of countries and regions all over the world, classifies and arranges the measures, selects the factors and parameters from the measures to the emergency flood prevention effect, integrates and forms a set of flood prevention emergency plan establishment system of the drainage system according to the drainage system equipment and conditions of main regions where flood disasters are easy to occur in China, and completes the invention on the basis.
In one aspect, the invention provides a method for making a waterlogging prevention emergency plan of a drainage system, which comprises one or more of the following steps:
constructing a mathematical model of a drainage pipe network and selecting designed rainfall;
analyzing the discharge condition of the intercepted sewage;
analyzing the pipeline storage capacity of the drainage system;
analyzing the drainage system river release critical rain intensity;
analyzing the pre-evacuation time of the drainage system;
analyzing the sensitivity of the pump station operation scheduling factor and the flood prevention effect;
and (4) formulating emergency plans of different rainstorm early warning levels.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of analyzing the four-color early warning level of the weather rainstorm. The weather rainstorm four-color early warning grade analysis means blue, yellow, orange and red early warning signals used by a weather department for early warning of rainstorm, wherein different early warning grades correspond to different rainfall in different time lengths in the future;
according to the early warning level, rainfall in different rainstorm reappearance periods is matched to be suitable for the early warning level, and rainfall input conditions can be provided for subsequent model simulation.
The method for formulating the waterlogging prevention emergency plan of the drainage system can be adjusted according to the early warning level of the meteorological department in the target area. It can also be based on designing rainfall or matching other types of rainfall patterns.
The construction of the mathematical model of the drainage system comprises the following steps:
1) determining the range of a research area, and collecting data of a drainage pipe network, a pump station, a bedding surface composition and the like of the research area.
2) And selecting hydraulic software and constructing a drainage pipe network mathematical model, and using the constructed pipe network mathematical model for simulation of different working conditions and situations in subsequent steps after calibration and verification.
3) And selecting design rainfall.
For a selected area (namely a target area or a research area), pipeline and land property data can be obtained by utilizing a pipe network GIS and a high-definition aerial photograph, the underlying surface of the research area is divided into at least 4 types of municipal road surfaces, building roofs, greening land and other paving to carry out accurate distributed model simulation, and no river channel water system is arranged in the research range. And dividing the sub-water-collection areas according to the landform and the pipeline distribution, and collecting information including inspection wells, pipe sections, the total length of the pipeline, the number of water pumps and the like. Each pump is respectively provided with the basic attributes of upstream and downstream nodes, discharge capacity, opening and closing water level and the like, and the water level of the switch pump is set according to the production operation management scheme of a drainage company. And the model tool is used for checking the connectivity and the longitudinal section of the pipeline, so that the vertical elevation and the topological relation of the pipe network are correctly reflected.
In the research scope, if the drainage system is a confluence drainage system and is mainly located in commercial and residential areas, generally, sewage in sunny days mainly comes from domestic sewage and a small amount of underground water, and industrial wastewater is little. The drought flow sewage discharge coefficient of each drainage system can be set according to the professional planning of local sewage treatment. The upstream boundary of the model reflects all water sources of the system, including domestic sewage, groundwater infiltration and rainfall runoff. The downstream boundary of the model reflects boundary hydraulic conditions influencing the hydraulic characteristics of the system, the actual water pump and the flap valve are processed in the model in a simulated mode, and other accessory structures are arranged in the model according to actual parameters.
The drainage pipe network mathematical model can accurately simulate the tree-shaped pipe network and the annular pipe network, gravity flow and pressure flow, the section shape, the material, the roughness coefficient and the gradient of the common pipeline, the load state of the pipeline in the system, the overflow condition of accumulated water in the system, the running condition of an auxiliary structure and the common drainage waterlogging-prevention building.
The system water accumulation overflow condition comprises a backwater influence and a backflow condition in a pipe network.
The common drainage waterlogging prevention building comprises drainage auxiliary structures such as a storage pond, a pump station and/or a weir.
In the step of selecting hydraulics software and constructing drainage pipe network mathematical model, hydraulics software can simulate arborescent pipe network and cyclic annular pipe network, can simulate gravity flow and pressure flow, can simulate pipeline cross section shape commonly used, material, coarse coefficient, slope, can simulate the load condition and the system ponding overflow condition of pipeline among the system, including the refluence condition in return water influence and the pipe network, can simulate the behavior of affiliated structures, including structures commonly used such as regulation pond, pump station and weir.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the modeling software platform is an InfoWorks CS model software platform. According to the current situation survey of the pipe network, CCTV detection data and the like, a drainage pipe network hydraulic model comprising branch pipes, main pipes and pump stations is established. And developing emergency plan making research on the basis of an SCADA data calibration model for actual operation of the pump station.
Other modeling software platforms may be used for project planning. If other software platforms are adopted, the modeling software can simulate a tree-shaped pipe network and a ring-shaped pipe network, different flow states of gravity flow and pressure flow, the shape, the material, the roughness coefficient and the gradient of the section of a common pipeline can be simulated, the overload state and the accumulated water overflow of the system pipeline can be simulated, the overload state and the accumulated water overflow including the backwater influence and the reverse flow in the pipe network can be simulated, and accessory structures such as a pump station, a regulation pool, a weir, a hole, a gate and the like can be simulated. The input and output interfaces of the model software can be seamlessly associated with common software such as GIS, CAD, Excel and the like.
For example, InfoWorks CS offers a variety of models to choose from, and the present invention can employ the following hydrological hydraulic model:
(1) a labor flow model. The non-permeable surface adopts a fixed runoff coefficient model, the permeable surface adopts a Green-Ampt model, and the method can be seen in the calibration and evaluation of urban rainwater pipe network model parameters (Tantaong, Litian, Zhou Yongshi, et al. [ J ]. proceedings of Hunan university (Nature science edition), 2008,35(1): 31-35.). Other calibrated labor flow models may be employed.
(2) And (4) converging the flow model. A confluence method of a rainstorm management model SWMM of the United states environmental protection agency is selected, and a flow process line of an inflow node is calculated by using a motion wave equation and a nonlinear reservoir method. Other calibrated convergence models may be employed.
(3) The pipeline hydraulic model is completely solved according to the Saint-Vietnam equation set.
The SWMM (storm water management model) is a dynamic rainfall-runoff simulation model, is mainly used for simulating a single rainfall event or long-term water quantity and water quality simulation in a city, and can be seen in SWMM principle analysis and application prospect (Meichao, Liujiahong, Wanghao, et al. [ J ] water conservancy and hydropower technology, 2017,48(5): 33-42.).
The SWMM of EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) is a dynamic rainfall-runoff simulation model and is mainly used for simulating a single rainfall event or long-term water quantity and water quality simulation of a city. The runoff module part comprehensively treats precipitation, runoff and pollution loads generated by each sub-basin. The confluence module part carries out water quantity transmission through a pipe network, a channel, a water storage and treatment facility, a water pump, an adjusting gate and the like. The model can track and simulate the water quality and the water quantity of runoff generated by each sub-basin at any time with different time step lengths, and the conditions of the flow, the water depth, the water quality and the like of water in each pipeline and each river channel. SWMM has undergone multiple upgrades since its development in 1971. The method is widely applied to planning, analyzing and designing storm flood, combined sewer, blow-down pipeline and other drainage systems in urban areas worldwide, and also widely applied to other non-urban areas. The current latest version 5.0 is the result of brand new upgrade on the basis of the previous version, can run SWMM5 under a Windows operating system to provide a loose comprehensive environment, can edit data input in a research area, simulate hydrology, water power and water quality conditions, and can display the result in various forms, including carrying out color coding on a drainage area and a system water delivery route, and providing analysis results of a time sequence curve and a chart of the result, a slope diagram and statistical frequency. The latest version development is subsidized by a water supply and water resource research center subordinate to a national risk management research center laboratory of the national environmental protection agency, and is also assisted by a CDM consultation company.
In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the Chicago storm model is used. Chicago rain type is a non-constant rainfall scenario synthesis method based on a rainstorm intensity formula and a rain peak coefficient.
The intensity of rainstorm refers to the average amount of rainfall over a certain period of time, and is denoted by i.
Formula of rainstorm intensity:
q is the design rainstorm intensity [ L/(s.hm)2)】；
t is rainfall duration (min);
p is the design recurrence period (a);
the A1, C, n, b parameters were calculated according to statistical methods.
Preferably, the step of selecting the design rainfall comprises constructing the design rainfall in different rainfall recurrence periods by adopting a rainstorm intensity formula and a design rainfall type of the area where the drainage system is located, and using the design rainfall as a rainfall input condition in subsequent simulation; the areas with similar reference conditions are selected without corresponding rainstorm intensity formulas and designed rain types, and meanwhile, typical historical rainfall events can be adopted for simulation.
Short-duration design rainstorm is commonly used for hydraulic simulation of pipe networks and design of auxiliary drainage systems.
For example, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, Chicago is adopted to design rainstorm patterns, the rain peak is 0.406, the rainstorm intensity in each period is deduced according to different research targets and a rainstorm intensity formula in Shanghai city, and the design rain patterns in different rainstorm reappearance periods are obtained and are used as the rainfall input boundary of the model.
The method for formulating the waterlogging prevention emergency plan of the drainage system comprises the weather rainstorm four-color early warning grade analysis.
The weather rainstorm four-color early warning is a blue, yellow, orange and red early warning signal used by a weather department for early warning of rainstorm, different early warning levels correspond to different rainfall amounts in different time lengths in the future, and specific reference is made to related early warning forecast information issued by the weather department. And matching rainfall in different rainstorm reappearance periods according to the early warning level to adapt to the early warning level, and providing rainfall input conditions for subsequent model simulation.
The method for formulating the waterlogging prevention emergency plan of the drainage system comprises the steps of analyzing the operation scheduling factors of a pump station and the sensitivity of flood prevention effect, and comprises the following steps:
simulating the influence of different pre-reduced water levels and different flood prevention pump starting water levels on the flood prevention effect of the drainage system by using a drainage pipe network mathematical model;
designing the rainstorm reappearing period of rainfall to be selected to be suitable for the corresponding rainfall in the meteorological four-color early warning;
measuring the flood control effect by using the average maximum water level of the nodes of the pipe network generated by designing rainstorm simulation, wherein the average maximum water level is defined as the average value of the water level peak values of all the nodes simulated at this time;
and determining the critical starting water level of the pump when the highest water level of the pipe network is lower than the ground elevation of the system by combining the lowest ground elevation, and providing a basis for setting the starting water level of each flood prevention pump of the pump station.
Generally speaking, under the condition that a pipe network and pump station facilities are fixed, the system is pre-pumped out and the flood prevention pump open water level is reduced, so that flood prevention safety is guaranteed. The influence of different pre-reduced water levels and different flood prevention pump water levels on the flood prevention effect of the system can be simulated and calculated.
Different pre-precipitation water levels are used as temporary initial water level conditions for rainfall, the high water level corresponds to the initial state that the water level of the front pool of the pump station reaches the top of the pipe of the water inlet pipe, the pre-precipitation water level corresponds to the initial state that the water level of the front pool of the pump station reaches the technical water level, and the pre-precipitation water level is equivalent to the condition that the system is emptied. Different open pump water levels of the rainwater pump are used as starting water levels for controlling the opening of the rainwater pump in the rainfall process, the sensitivity of the open pump water levels on the influence of the flood prevention effect is researched, and the open pump water levels are gradually increased.
The initial values of parameters with higher sensitivity are selected to improve the calibration efficiency of the model, and the initial values of parameters such as production convergence and the like of different land are determined by referring to model assessment of inflow water quantity of engineering in rainy days in the first stage of confluence in Shanghai city (Tantangqiong, Litian, Zhangyanjing [ J ]. Tongji university school newspaper (Nature science edition), 2008,36(7):951-966.) to analyze the sensitivity of the model parameters. And respectively taking the total discharge amount of the pump station and the front pool water level as water amount and water level calibration indexes. Selecting historical rainfalls of a plurality of fields with different durations and intensities, and carrying out calibration and verification on the model by taking the actual rainfall process and the basic drought flow of the rainfall day as input conditions, wherein the water quantity and water level calibration result meets the application requirements of the model.
The rainfall process for sensitivity analysis is short-term design rainstorm in 1-year meeting, 2-year meeting and 5-year meeting target areas respectively, and the design rainstorm is suitable for yellow, orange and red rainstorm early warning in weather early warning. And measuring the flood control effect by using the average maximum water level value of the nodes of the pipe network generated by designing rainstorm simulation, wherein the average maximum water level is defined as the average value of the water level peak values of all the nodes simulated at this time.
The method does not exclude the use of other indexes for evaluating the waterlogging prevention effect so as to achieve the similar purpose.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pre-reduction water level can improve the flood prevention effect to a certain extent, and when the rain falls in 1 year (equivalent to a yellow early warning level of weather), the pre-reduction water level working condition can reduce the highest water level of the system by 0.2m to the maximum compared with the high water level working condition, but the flood prevention capability improvement effect of the pre-reduction water level working condition is not obvious along with the increase of the rainfall recurrence period (equivalent to the increase of the early warning level). Meanwhile, the opening water level of the rainwater pump is reduced, so that the flood prevention effect is improved, and the opening water level of the rainwater pump is positively correlated with the highest water level of the pipe network. Along with the increase of the reappearance period, the correlation coefficient gradually becomes smaller, the flood prevention effect improvement effect of the pre-reduction of the water level when the rainwater pump is started is gradually weakened, but the pre-pumping by the intercepting pump is still beneficial to reducing the initial rainwater to flow into the river, and the water environment quality is protected.
And taking the highest water level elevation of the pipe network as a safe elevation without exceeding the lowest elevation of the ground of the system. The critical water level value of the pump needed for ensuring that the highest water level of the pipe network is lower than the lowest point of the ground elevation of the system can be calculated, so that a basis is provided for the establishment of the starting water level of each flood prevention pump of the pump station.
Analyzing the discharge condition of the closure sewage refers to:
for a split-flow forced drainage system and a combined-flow forced drainage system which are provided with a mixed-connection sewage intercepting pump, a drainage pipe network mathematical model is utilized to analyze the limiting conditions of starting the sewage intercepting pump when the drainage system is in sunny days and rainy days; through analysis, the number of the sewage interception pumps can be started in dry days so as to quickly drain the drainage pipe network; and/or
And determining the maximum number of the sewage intercepting pumps which are started in rainy days so as to ensure that the drainage of other drainage systems is not influenced while the flood prevention capacity of the system is enhanced.
Pump station profile and cut-off effluent discharge condition analysis includes, but is not limited to: the system comprises a pump station, a rainwater distribution pump flow rate and a sewage distribution pump flow rate (better, calculating the converted interception capacity), a sewage discharge path and a sewage outlet path of rainwater and sewage intercepted by the pump station, and particularly focuses on a sewage main line pump station which can restrict the operation capacity of the system.
And (4) acquiring the intercepting surplus capacity of the drainage system of the target area in the dry and rainy days according to the running condition statistics and the dry-day working condition simulation analysis. The method has large capacity of intercepting surplus in dry days, and can calculate the pump-on rate of an intercepting pump which can finish the sewage quantity conveying in dry seasons in a service range. When the load of the drainage system is increased in rainy days, the rainfall intensity of the drainage system when the pipeline runs at full load can be calculated, the pipeline which possibly causes overflow and needs flow limiting and an operation scheme are calculated, and therefore the drainage line interception potential inside and outside a research area in rainy days is obtained.
Analyzing the drainage system pipe storage capacity includes:
calculating the storage volume of a drainage system pipe network under different absolute elevations by using a drainage pipe network mathematical model;
assuming that the lowest ground elevation of the municipal inspection well of the drainage system is X m, finding out the corresponding pipeline storage capacity V m when the elevation is X m by finding out the storage regulation-storage capacity curve3And combining the runoff coefficient of the drainage system and the area of the drainage system, calculating the water storage in the drainage pipe network to be V m3The corresponding rainfall is millimeter;
through analysis, the maximum rainfall capacity of the pipeline which is stored in the storage capacity regulating reservoir without surface water accumulation is mastered, and boundary conditions are provided for the water level control of the pipe network in the follow-up research.
The analysis of the river release critical rain intensity of the drainage system comprises the following steps:
for the diversion forced drainage system without the rain and sewage mixed connection intercepting pump, under the condition that the river discharge pump is not started, the maximum rainfall which can be accommodated by the system through the self pipeline storage volume is the number of the rainfall millimeters obtained through the analysis.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, due to the regulation capacity and the interception and transportation scale of the combined drainage system pipe network, when the rainfall intensity does not exceed a certain level, the system can ensure that the service range of the system does not overflow sewage to the ground without starting a river discharge pump, thereby realizing the purposes of reducing river discharge pollution of a pump station and protecting the water environment quality of a river channel. The critical rainfall intensity for ensuring that the drainage system in the research area does not release the river can be calculated by simulating the rainstorm intensity levels at all levels.
And (3) setting and controlling the rainwater pump to stop running, only starting the cut-off pump, and simulating and analyzing the system water accumulation condition under each typical rainfall intensity. In addition, research shows that the sensitivity of the number of the open pumps of the intercepting pumps to the critical rain intensity is not high, which indicates that the main factor for determining the critical rain intensity of the system is the volume of a drainage pipe network rather than the intercepting capacity of the pump station. Compared with the storage capacity of a pipe network, the rainfall intensity which can be responded by the intercepting pump is relatively small.
Preferably, the method of the present invention further comprises the step of analysing the pre-evacuation time of the drainage system:
for a complete shunt system without water storage in pipelines in dry days, the step is not needed because the inside of a pipe network is already in an emptying state.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the time for reducing the water level of the system from the top of the water inlet pipe of the pump station to the lowest technical water level by adopting 1-4 sewage interception pumps and 1-2 rainwater pumps is simulated respectively, and the basic condition analysis is carried out on the pre-reduced water level.
The time for using the sewage pump and the rainwater pump to reach the pre-reduced water level can be calculated, and a corresponding curve of the pre-reduced water level and the evacuation time is manufactured, so that a basis is provided for formulating the pre-evacuation time of the system in an emergency plan.
The emergency plans of different rainstorm early warning levels are formulated by formulating emergency plan strategies based on the analysis results, including but not limited to:
in the case of light rain, the intercepting capacity of the pipe network regulation and storage and sewage interception pump is utilized to the maximum extent, and the river discharge pump is not started, so that the overflow pollution of a pump station is reduced;
according to the advance of weather forecast, the water level is pre-reduced by preferentially adopting a cut-off pump by combining the pre-reduction time requirement and the capacity of an outward trunk line, and the rainwater pumps are started one by one in due time to control the water level of the system.
Preferably, in the step of analyzing the river release critical rain intensity of the drainage system, a shunting forced drainage system and a converging forced drainage system which are in mixed connection with the sewage intercepting pump are configured;
according to the storage space of the pipe network and the intercepting and conveying capacity of the intercepting pump, when the rainfall intensity does not exceed a certain level, the system can ensure that no water is accumulated in the service range of the system without starting the river discharging pump, and the aims of reducing river discharging pollution of a pump station and protecting the water environment of a river channel are fulfilled synchronously;
setting a river discharge pump in the model to be stopped by utilizing the mathematical model, only starting the cut-off pump, simulating rainstorm by utilizing the constructed design of different rainfall intensities, and calculating the critical rainfall intensity for ensuring that a drainage system does not discharge the river and the ground does not accumulate water;
through analysis, the critical rainfall intensity value of the system without releasing the river can be mastered.
Preferably, in the step of analyzing the pre-evacuation time of the drainage system, for the drainage system in a high water level running state in a dry day, different water pump starting numbers are set by using a drainage pipe network mathematical model, and the time required by the system to pre-reduce from the high water level to the lowest water level under different working conditions is simulated.
For the forced drainage system with complete split-flow system, the step of analyzing the discharge condition of the intercepted sewage can not be executed because no drought flow sewage or rain sewage mixed connection sewage exists in the pipe network.
The invention provides the application of the drainage system waterlogging prevention emergency plan making method, which fully applies a drainage pipe network mathematical model to make and calculate a scheme, coordinates with management departments of facilities such as a pump station and the like, further evaluates and optimizes the scheme according to dispatching combination, and makes an effective drainage system waterlogging prevention emergency plan.
With the development of a weather forecasting technology, a short-term and short-term refined forecasting product can provide more detailed rainfall time interval distribution, and in the actual work, a pre-evacuation plan can be made according to different leads by combining the weather early warning level and the forecasting time interval distribution, so that the emergency refinement level of a pump station is improved.
And integrating the research results of the system external discharge capacity, the pipe network regulation capacity, the river discharge critical rain intensity, the pre-precipitation water level and the rainwater pump starting water level, designing an emergency scheduling scheme by combining the four-color rainstorm early warning forecast of different early warning levels, and verifying, debugging and optimizing the model.
The emergency scheme strategy formulation principle is as follows: (1) in light rain, the storage and interception capacities of the pipe network are utilized to the maximum extent, and the overflow of a pump station is reduced; (2) according to the weather forecast advance, the water level is pre-reduced by preferentially adopting a cut-off pump by combining the pre-reduction time requirement and the capacity of an outward trunk line, and the rainwater pumps are started one by one in due time to control the water level of the system.
Starting a rainwater pump, and operating according to a maximum intercepting capacity mode; if the secondary trunk pump station requires current limiting, the system only starts one intercepting pump, and when the flood prevention water level is reached, the rainwater pump is started to ensure the safety of the system.
Specifically, the method for making the waterlogging prevention emergency plan of the drainage system comprises the following steps:
1) Determining the range of a research area, and collecting the data of the drainage pipe network, the pump station and the underlying surface of the research area.
2) And selecting a hydraulic software and constructing a mathematical model of the drainage pipe network. The software can simulate tree-shaped pipe networks and annular pipe networks, can simulate gravity flow and pressure flow, can simulate common pipeline section shapes, materials, rough coefficients and gradients, can simulate the load state of pipelines in a system and the overflow condition of accumulated water in the system, comprises the return water influence and the backflow condition in the pipe network, and can simulate the running condition of auxiliary structures, including common structures such as a regulating reservoir, a pump station and a weir.
The constructed pipe network mathematical model is used for simulating different working conditions and situations in subsequent steps after calibration and verification.
3) Design rainfall selection
And (3) constructing design rainfall in different rainfall recurrence periods by adopting a rainstorm intensity formula and a design rainfall type of the region where the drainage system is located, and taking the design rainfall as a rainfall input condition in subsequent simulation. The method has no corresponding storm intensity formula and designed rain type locally, and can be selected according to areas with similar conditions.
1) weather rainstorm four-color early warning grade analysis
The weather rainstorm four-color early warning means that the weather department uses blue, yellow, orange and red early warning signals when the weather department is used for early warning of rainstorm, different early warning levels correspond to different rainfall amounts in different time lengths in the future, and specific reference is made to related early warning forecast information issued by the weather department. And matching rainfall in different rainstorm reappearance periods according to the early warning level to adapt to the early warning level, and providing rainfall input conditions for subsequent model simulation.
2) Analyzing the discharge condition of the closure sewage
And analyzing the limiting conditions of the sewage intercepting pump when the drainage system is started in sunny days and rainy days by utilizing the mathematical model of the drainage pipe network. Through analysis, the method can be mastered that several sewage intercepting pumps can be started to quickly drain the drainage pipe network in dry days; and in rainy days, the maximum number of the sewage intercepting pumps is opened, so that the flood prevention capacity of the system is enhanced, and the sewage discharge of other drainage systems is not influenced.
3) Analyzing drainage system pipeline storage capacity
And calculating the storage volume (storage capacity curve) of the drainage system pipe network under different absolute heights by using a drainage pipe network mathematical model. Assuming that the lowest ground elevation of the municipal inspection well of the drainage system is X m, finding out the corresponding pipeline storage capacity V m when the elevation is X m by finding out the storage regulation-storage capacity curve3. And calculating the water storage in the drain pipe network to be V m by combining the runoff coefficient of the drain system and the area of the drain system3The corresponding amount of rainfall in millimeters. Through analysis, the maximum rainfall capacity of the pipeline which is stored in the storage capacity adjusting storage can be mastered without surface water accumulation, and boundary conditions are provided for water level control of the pipe network in follow-up research.
4) Analysis of river discharge critical rain intensity of drainage system
For the diversion forced drainage system without the rain and sewage mixed connection intercepting pump, under the condition that the river discharge pump is not started, the maximum rainfall which can be accommodated by the system through the storage volume of the pipeline is 3) of the rainfall millimeter number obtained by analysis.
For the split-flow forced drainage system and the combined-flow forced drainage system which are provided with the mixed-connection sewage intercepting pump, because the pipe network has the regulation capacity and the intercepting capacity of the intercepting pump, when the rainfall intensity does not exceed a certain level, the system can ensure that no water is accumulated in the service range of the system without starting the river discharging pump, and synchronously realize the purposes of reducing river discharging pollution of a pump station and protecting the water environment of a river channel. And (3) setting a river discharge pump in the model to be stopped by using the mathematical model constructed in the step (1), only starting the cut-off pump, simulating rainstorm by using the design with different rainfall intensities constructed in the step (1), and calculating critical rainfall intensity for ensuring that a drainage system does not discharge a river and water is not accumulated on the ground. Through analysis, the critical rainfall intensity value of the system without releasing the river can be mastered.
5) Analysis of drainage System Pre-evacuation time
For a complete shunt system without water storage in pipelines in dry days, the step is not needed because the inside of a pipe network is already in an emptying state;
and (3) for the drainage system in a high water level running state in a dry day, setting different numbers of water pumps to be started by using the mathematical model constructed in the step (1), and simulating the time required by the system to be pre-reduced from the high water level to the lowest water level under different working conditions. Through analysis, the time for pre-pumping the drainage system by starting a plurality of pumps under different conditions and different combinations of pre-pumping can be mastered, and basis is provided for the formulation of pre-pumping schemes in emergency plans.
6) Sensitivity of operation scheduling factors and flood control effect of analysis pump station
And (3) simulating the influence of different pre-reduced water levels and different flood prevention pump starting water levels on the flood prevention effect of the drainage system by using the mathematical model established in the step (1). The selection of the rainstorm reappearing period of the designed rainfall is adapted to the corresponding rainfall in the meteorological four-color early warning. And measuring the flood control effect by using the average maximum water level of the nodes of the pipe network generated by designing rainstorm simulation, wherein the average maximum water level is defined as the average value of the water level peak values of all the nodes simulated at this time. And determining the critical starting water level of the pump when the highest water level of the pipe network is lower than the ground elevation of the system by combining the lowest ground elevation, and providing a basis for setting the starting water level of each flood prevention pump of the pump station.
7) Emergency plan for formulating different rainstorm early warning levels
And (4) making an emergency scheme strategy based on the analysis result. Principles include, but are not limited to:
in the case of light rain, the intercepting capacity of the pipe network regulation and storage and sewage interception pump is utilized to the maximum extent, and the river discharge pump is not started, so that the overflow pollution of a pump station is reduced; according to the advance of weather forecast, the water level is pre-reduced by preferentially adopting a cut-off pump by combining the pre-reduction time requirement and the capacity of an outward trunk line, and the rainwater pumps are started one by one in due time to control the water level of the system.
The steps are complete steps, and the method does not exclude the situation that partial steps in the complete steps are utilized to design the waterlogging prevention emergency plan under the condition that certain conditions are not met or are incomplete. It is within the scope of the invention to provide for some steps to be used in order to preserve the idea and idea.
Preferably, after the emergency plan is formulated, the emergency plan is coordinated with management departments of facilities such as a pump station and the like, and if the management departments adopt the formulated scheme for scheduling, the scheme is further evaluated and optimized according to scheduling and combination, so that the effectiveness of the scheme is further ensured.
And a drainage pipe network mathematical model is fully applied to scheme formulation and calculation.
Specifically, the above sea city is taken as a target area, and the data required for modeling includes but is not limited to:
natural geography:
basic topographic maps with a 1:500 scale (or larger scale) of a research range are collected, and the basic topographic maps comprise relevant map layers of administrative regions, roads, railways, water systems, residential lands, buildings, vegetation landforms, elevation points and the like.
And collecting geographical position information of main buildings, subway lines and entrances and exits in the research range, and analyzing the inland inundation risk affected area.
High-definition satellite maps (up to 10cm accuracy) in the research range were collected and the underlying surface was analyzed. The underlying surface is divided into at least four types of road surface, roof surface, greening and other types as the conditions of model fine simulation.
A rainfall event:
considering the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall, the distribution density of rainfall stations in the research range is preferably not less than 1/2-3 km2。
And collecting the waterlogging condition and the rainfall process of the typical waterlogging event occurring in the research range in recent years for model calibration verification.
Drainage engineering and scheduling data:
the format and the main content of the collected construction data of municipal drainage pipelines and drainage pump stations of the drainage system and related main sewage conveying lines related to the research scope are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 drainage System data Collection
Drainage facility operation monitoring and maintenance:
SCADA operation records of drainage pump stations and accumulated water monitoring points in a research range and drainage pipeline CCTV detection data are collected, and the format and the main contents of the data are shown in the following table.
TABLE 2 information on the monitoring and maintenance of the drainage facility in the research area
Collecting drainage pipeline detection data, checking and sorting CCTV survey data, focusing on serious deposition, obstacles and dam heads, and reflecting the serious deposition, obstacles and dam heads to model parameters.
And (3) inlaying water disaster data:
the inland inundation disaster data mainly comprise regional historical road ponding records, ponding point analysis data and disaster records caused by typical rainstorm.
Data of water accumulation points in the whole market:
according to the data of 103 water accumulation points in the city combed by the drainage management department in 2013, the water accumulation points which are easy to accumulate in the research area, such as Changning, Xuhui, Huangpu (Silent), and the like, namely the situation of the water accumulation points which repeatedly occur is shown in the following table:
in addition, the distribution of the water in the research area is drawn according to the historical road water condition and is shown in the following graph.
Designing a rainstorm:
and (3) constructing design rainfall in different rainfall recurrence periods by adopting a rainstorm intensity formula and a design rainfall type of the region where the drainage system is located, and taking the design rainfall as a rainfall input condition in subsequent simulation. The method has no corresponding storm intensity formula and designed rain type locally, and can be selected according to areas with similar conditions.
Weather early warning grade:
and collecting meteorological early warning grade data.
Modeling software:
and selecting a hydraulic software and constructing a mathematical model of the drainage pipe network. The software can simulate tree-shaped pipe networks and annular pipe networks, can simulate gravity flow and pressure flow, can simulate common pipeline section shapes, materials, rough coefficients and gradients, can simulate the load state of pipelines in a system and the overflow condition of accumulated water in the system, comprises the return water influence and the backflow condition in the pipe network, and can simulate the running condition of auxiliary structures, including common structures such as a regulating reservoir, a pump station and a weir.
The steps provided by the invention are a general method, and when emergency plans are made for drainage systems in different regions and different drainage systems, actually used steps can be distinguished, and the judgment needs to be carried out by combining local actual conditions. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
The invention provides a method for making a waterlogging prevention emergency plan of a drainage system. According to the method, a drainage pump station emergency scheduling plan which responds to meteorological four-color early warning is formulated from an optimization pump station operation angle by taking a drainage system pipe network mathematical model as a tool and combining the early warning levels of 'blue, yellow, orange and red' of meteorological departments, analyzing conditions such as drainage system intercepting sewage drainage capacity, drainage system pipeline storage capacity, drainage system pre-evacuation time, flood prevention pump station opening water level and the like. The drainage system waterlogging prevention emergency plan formulated by the invention can effectively dispatch the drainage pump station aiming at rainstorm four-color early warning issued by meteorological departments, so that the waterlogging risk of the drainage system is reduced and the river drainage pollution of the drainage pump station is reduced.
The invention relates to a drainage pipe network hydraulic model technology which is an advanced technology in the field of drainage engineering, a hydraulic model verified by calibration can better simulate the actual operation conditions of a drainage system, such as flow, flow rate, head loss, water level and the like, and can better reproduce different effects of the drainage system under different working conditions in a computer, and hydraulic model software is applied to the formulation work of a drainage waterlogging prevention emergency plan, so that the scientificity of the emergency plan can be obviously improved, and the waterlogging risk of the drainage system is further reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operational relationship between a drainage pumping station and a sewage conveying main line.
Fig. 2 is a curve of elevation-reservoir capacity of a pipe network system.
Figure 3 is an analysis of the system pre-evacuation time under combined conditions.
FIG. 4 is a Zhajia system scheduling factor sensitivity analysis.
FIG. 5 is a Luban system scheduling factor sensitivity analysis.
Fig. 6 is the system node mean maximum water level under different scheduling schemes.
Fig. 7 is a blue warning sign in which a dark gray portion is blue.
Fig. 8 is a yellow warning sign in which the dark gray portion is yellow.
Fig. 9 is an orange warning sign, in which the dark gray portion is orange.
Fig. 10 is a red warning sign in which a dark gray portion is red.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a model design concept.
Detailed Description
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention can be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope thereof. Although embodiments of the present invention have been described, it is to be understood that the present invention should not be limited to those embodiments but various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention as hereinafter claimed.
Take the drainage system of Zhao Jia river and Luban, Hai city as an example.
Example 1 construction of a mathematical model of a drainage System
The Zhajia creek system and the Luban drainage system are positioned in the central area of the Xuhui district in Shanghai city and are both confluence forced drainage systems, and the service area of the Zhajia creek system is about 7.38km2The service area of the Luban system is about 3.58km2The present design rainstorm reappearance period of the system is 1 year, and the combined overflow rain sewage is lifted by a pump and then discharged into Huangpu river. And acquiring pipeline and land property data by using a pipe network geographic information system and a high-definition aerial photograph. In the example, an Infoworks software platform is selected to construct a drainage pipe network model containing Zhajia creek and Luban systems, and measured data is used for calibration verification to ensure the effectiveness of the model. In specific application, similar functional software can be selected for model construction.
Short-duration design rainstorm is commonly used for hydraulic simulation of pipe networks and design of auxiliary drainage systems. In the embodiment, Chicago is adopted to design the rainstorm model, the rain peak is 0.406, the rainstorm intensity in each time period is obtained according to different research targets and the rainstorm intensity formula in Shanghai city, and the design rain model in different rainstorm reappearance periods is obtained and is used as the rainfall input boundary of the model.
1) Weather rainstorm four-color early warning grade analysis
In this example, the corresponding meanings of the selected weather four-color early warning are shown in table 3, and the yellow, orange and red rainstorm early warning in the weather early warning is suitable for short-duration design rainstorm of 1-year-one meeting, 2-year-one meeting and 5-year-one meeting in the sea.
TABLE 3 Meteorological four-color early warning reference table
2) Analyzing the discharge condition of the closure sewage
The total scale of Zhajia creek pump station is 34.23m3S, wherein the flow rate of the rainwater distribution pump is 29.43m3/s(3.27m39/s), the sewage pump flow rate is 4.8m3/s(1.2m 34/s, 3.3mm/h of equivalent shut-off capacity). The total scale of Luban pumping station is 31m3S, wherein the flow rate of the rainwater distribution pump is 25.6m3/s(2.56m 310/s) and the flow rate of the sewage pump is 5.44m3S (big pump 1.7 m)32/s + small pump 1.02m 32/s, equivalent to a shut-off capacity of 7.8 mm/h). Zhajia river and Luban pump stations belong to the service range of a white dragon harbor sewage area, rain sewage intercepted by the Zhajia river pump stations is connected to an SA pump station through a sewage second-stage West branch line and then is transferred to a white dragon harbor sewage plant for treatment and discharge, two rain sewage outflow paths intercepted by the Luban pump stations can enter a south trunk line through a south trunk line 1# pump station, or enter the SA pump station through the sewage second-stage West branch line and then is input to the white dragon harbor plant through the second-stage trunk line for treatment and then is discharged.
The main lines which are greatly related to Zhajia river and Luban drainage pumping stations are mainly sewage second-stage and south main lines, and the sewage main line pumping stations which possibly restrict the system operation capability are mainly an SA pumping station, an SB pumping station, a Wumin 1# pumping station, an M1 pumping station, an M2 pumping station and a south main line 1# pumping station. By establishing a hydraulic model containing Zhaojia river, Luban and other confluence pump stations and related sewage conveying main lines and midway pump stations, the external discharge condition of system sewage under the working conditions of dry days and rainy days is researched, and a basis is provided for pre-pumping of a pipe network system after a four-color early warning instruction is issued and determining the number of starting sewage interception pumps in different raining conditions.
According to the statistics of the operation conditions and the simulation analysis of the working conditions in dry days, the Zhajia creek and Luban combined drainage system has high capacity of intercepting surplus in dry days, and the delivery of the dry-season sewage in the service range can be finished at the pump-on rate of 25% of the current intercepting pump. Because the design scale of the second-stage sewage trunk line takes the rain day interception multiple of the combined system into consideration, the conveying capacity of the sewage discharge trunk line is sufficient in dry days, and favorable external conditions are provided for pre-evacuation of the system before rainfall in rainy days and interception of mixed sewage in rainy days.
According to the simulation of the rain condition model, when the rain intensity exceeds 10mm/h, the secondary-stage main sewage line gradually reaches full-load operation due to the increase of rainwater intercepted by the combined system and mixed rain and sewage caused by mixed rain and sewage in the split system area. The SA pump station and the WuMin main line WuMin 1# pump station at the second-stage upstream of the sewage are parallel pump stations, and the SA pump station and the WuMin 1# pump station have a certain restriction relation in rainy season delivery. Simulation results show that when SA pump stands on 3 pumps, and wumin1 # on 3 pumps, overflow will occur causing the wumin1 # outlet well to be too high (node water pressure level 8.5 m). Because the Wumin 1# pump station mainly conveys and shunts the dry-season sewage in the region and the mixed sewage in rainy days, when the incoming water is larger, the principle of preferentially conveying the sewage is adopted to firstly ensure that the Wumin 1# pump station conveys the incoming water, and the SA pump station which is responsible for conveying the combined mixed sewage needs to be limited in flow. Through measurement and calculation, only 1 sewage intercepting pump is limited to be opened by Luban, Zhajia creek and other two-combined pumping stations, and meanwhile, the water levels of the related delivery pumping stations on the Wumin1 #, SA and SB and the main line are properly optimized and adjusted, so that the superior working conditions of 2 pumps opened by the SA pumping station and 3 pumps opened by the Wumin1 # can be basically realized, and the operation of the second-period south line and the middle line of the sewage is ensured to meet the design capability without overflowing.
According to the analysis of the transportation potential of the trunk line under the working conditions of dry days and rainy days, the following conclusions about the interception potential of the trunk line discharged outside the research area can be obtained: under the dry-weather working condition, the sewage in the second period and the south main line have certain allowance, favorable conditions are provided for pre-pumping out the sewage stored in the pipe network system, the intercepting pump can be started according to the maximum intercepting capacity, the municipal pipe network is quickly emptied, and the storage regulation capacity of the foot pipe network is ensured during rainfall; under the working condition of rainy days, according to the principle that a main sewage line preferentially conveys split-flow sewage, considering the actual service capacity of an external main line, the shut-off pumps of the Zhajia and Luban confluence pump station are respectively limited to 1.
3) Analyzing drainage system pipeline storage capacity
The corresponding storage regulation volumes (reservoir capacity curves) of the Zhajia river and Luban system municipal pipe network under different absolute elevations are shown in figure 2. The lowest ground elevation of the municipal inspection well in the system is 2.3m, and the height of the municipal inspection well is known to be 2.3m according to a pipeline storage capacity curveThe pipeline storage volume of the Jia creek system is about 11.7 ten thousand meters3The pipeline storage capacity of the Luban system is about 5.9 ten thousand meters3The reduced rainfall is about 23 mm. This provides a boundary condition for the control of the water level of the pipe network in the subsequent research.
4) Analysis of river discharge critical rain intensity of drainage system
Critical rainfall intensity which ensures that a drainage system in a research area does not release into the river is calculated by simulating rainfall at all levels of rainstorm intensity levels of 1 mm/h, 2 mm/h and 3 mm/h.
And (3) setting and controlling the rainwater pump to stop running, only starting the cut-off pump, and simulating and analyzing the system water accumulation condition under each typical rainfall intensity. The results show that the river release critical rain intensities of the Zhajia river and Luban river drainage systems are respectively about 7.0 mm/h and 8.0 mm/h. Therefore, if the capacity of the downstream sewage conveying trunk line is not limited (in dry days), the river discharge pump can not be started in the light rain with the rain intensity of 7-8mm/h, and the river water environment is prevented from being polluted by rain sewage discharged into the river while the flood prevention safety is ensured.
5) Analysis of drainage System Pre-evacuation time
According to the research result of 2), the drainage capacity of the main sewage line is sufficient in dry days, and the pre-evacuation of the pipeline system before rainy days can be realized. Due to the current water environment treatment requirement, a system is always operated at a high water level on a dry day, so that the time required for reducing the water level of the system from the top of a water inlet pipe of the pump station to the lowest technical water level (Luban: -7.1m, Zhajia river: -7.3m) by adopting 1-4 sewage intercepting pumps (Luban pump stations comprise large and small sewage intercepting pumps which are combined to be opened) and 1-2 rainwater pumps is simulated respectively, and the basic condition analysis is carried out on the pre-precipitation water level. The simulation result is summarized as shown in fig. 3, wherein W represents a sewage intercepting pump, Y represents a rainwater river draining pump, and "1W small" represents that a small sewage intercepting pump is started in the Luban system, and so on. When the drainage system requires pre-evacuation, the number of pumps and the time for which they are turned on can be read directly from fig. 3.
6) Sensitivity of operation scheduling factors and flood control effect of analysis pump station
Different pre-precipitation levels are used as temporary initial water level conditions for rainfall, the high water level corresponds to the initial state that the water level of the pump station forebay reaches the top of a water inlet pipe (Zhajia: -1.8m, Luban: -3.1m), the pre-precipitation level corresponds to the initial state that the water level of the pump station forebay reaches the lowest technical water level (Zhajia: -7.3m, Luban: -7.1m), and the pre-precipitation level corresponds to the initial state that the system is emptied. Different open pump water levels of the rainwater pump are used as starting water levels for controlling the opening of the rainwater pump in the rainfall process, the sensitivity of the open pump water levels on the flood prevention effect is researched, the open pump water levels are gradually increased from-3.0 m to 2.8m, and the amplification of each stage is 0.4 m.
The rainfall process for sensitivity analysis is short-term design rainstorm for 1-year-one meeting, 2-year-one meeting and 5-year-one meeting in Shanghai city, and is suitable for yellow, orange and red rainstorm early warning in weather early warning. And measuring the flood control effect by using the average maximum water level value of the nodes of the pipe network generated by designing rainstorm simulation, wherein the average maximum water level is defined as the average value of the water level peak values of all the nodes simulated at this time.
The results show that: the pre-reducing water level can improve the flood prevention effect to a certain extent, the working condition of the pre-reducing water level can reduce the highest water level of the system by 0.2m at the maximum compared with the working condition of the high water level when the rainfall falls (equivalent to the early warning level promotion) in 1 year, but the flood prevention capability improvement effect of the working condition of the pre-reducing water level is not obvious along with the increase of the rainfall recurrence period (equivalent to the early warning level promotion). Meanwhile, the opening water level of the rainwater pump is reduced, so that the flood prevention effect is improved, the opening water level of the rainwater pump is in positive correlation with the highest water level of a pipe network, and the fitting equation and the correlation coefficient of the opening water level of the rainwater pump and the highest water level of the pipe network are shown in figure 4 in each recurrence period. Along with the increase of the reappearance period, the correlation coefficient gradually becomes smaller, the flood prevention effect improvement effect of the pre-reduction of the water level when the rainwater pump is started is gradually weakened, but the pre-pumping by the intercepting pump is still beneficial to reducing the initial rainwater to flow into the river, and the water environment quality is protected.
TABLE 4 Zhajia creek system scheduling factor sensitivity analysis table
The result of the sensitivity analysis of the scheduling factors of the Luban system is shown in FIG. 5, the overall trend of the Luban system is similar to that of the Zhajia river system, but the sensitivity of the Luban system is higher, and the highest water level of the Luban system can be reduced by 0.39m when the pre-precipitation phase is higher than the highest water level under 1 year rainfall. In addition, if the water level of the open rainwater pump is reduced equally, the flood prevention lifting effect of the Luban pump station is more obvious than that of the Zhajia river pump station.
TABLE 5 Luban system scheduling factor sensitivity analysis Table
The lowest elevation of the system ground is 2.3m, so the highest water level elevation of the pipe network is a safe elevation which is not more than 2.3 m. The critical water level value of the pump needed for ensuring that the highest water level of the pipe network is lower than the lowest point of the ground elevation of the system can be obtained from the research results, so that a basis is provided for the establishment of the starting water level of each flood prevention pump of the pump station.
7) Emergency plan for formulating different rainstorm early warning levels
And integrating the results of the system external discharge capacity, the pipe network regulation capacity, the river discharge critical rain intensity, the pre-precipitation water level and the rainwater pump starting water level, designing an emergency scheduling scheme by combining the four-color rainstorm early warning forecast of different early warning levels, and verifying, debugging and optimizing the model.
The emergency scheme strategy formulation principle is as follows: (1) in light rain, the storage and interception capacities of the pipe network are utilized to the maximum extent, and the overflow of a pump station is reduced; (2) according to the weather forecast advance, the water level is pre-reduced by preferentially adopting a cut-off pump by combining the pre-reduction time requirement and the capacity of an outward trunk line, and the rainwater pumps are started one by one in due time to control the water level of the system.
When blue early warning (12 hours and 50mm early warning) is carried out, the rainstorm intensity is less than 7-8mm/h, and when the main line is not limited, the rainwater pump can be operated according to the maximum interception capability mode without being started; if the secondary trunk pump station requires current limiting, the system only starts one intercepting pump, and when the flood prevention water level is reached, the rainwater pump is started to ensure the safety of the system.
When yellow early warning (6-hour 50mm early warning and 1-hour 35mm early warning), entering a pre-evacuation mode after receiving the early warning, starting 2 intercepting pumps in the Zhajia creek according to weather forecast and under the condition of sufficient time advance, reducing the system to a pre-reduced water level within 5 hours, starting 1 intercepting large pump in Luban, and reducing the system to the pre-reduced water level within 4 hours; and when the forecast time advance is less, selecting the number of the cut-off pumps to start according to the reference figure 3, starting 1-2 rainwater pumps timely to accelerate the pre-evacuation, starting one cut-off pump during the rainfall period, and starting the rainwater pumps one by one when the flood prevention water level is reached.
And other color early warning references are made according to the same principle. The main conclusions of the protocol are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 flood prevention emergency dispatching plan for drainage pump station
The actual effect of the scheme is simulated and checked by adopting a drainage pipe network mathematical model, and the result of the system simulated mean maximum water level under each scene is shown in figure 6. According to the control of the scheduling scheme, under the blue early warning condition, the highest water level of the system is low, and the flood prevention safety of the region can be completely guaranteed (whether the main line is limited or not and no obvious influence is caused on the simulation result); under the yellow and orange early warning conditions, the Luban system has no water accumulation risk, and a certain water accumulation risk exists in a low-lying area (an area lower than 2.5 m) of the Zhajia creek system; under the red early warning condition, certain water accumulation risks exist in low-lying zones (lower than 2.9m) of the two systems, and measures such as rescue and danger avoidance need to be taken in advance. The scheduling scheme can be applied to operation scheduling of the drainage pump station after being fully linked with the scheduling instruction of the drainage company, and model means can be continuously applied for optimization according to the scheduling result, so that the effectiveness of the scheme is further ensured.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A method for making a waterlogging prevention emergency plan of a drainage system is characterized by comprising one or more of the following steps:
constructing a mathematical model of a drainage pipe network and selecting designed rainfall;
analyzing the discharge condition of the intercepted sewage;
analyzing the pipeline storage capacity of the drainage system;
analyzing the drainage system river release critical rain intensity;
analyzing the pre-evacuation time of the drainage system;
and analyzing the sensitivity of the pump station operation scheduling factors and the flood prevention effect.
2. A method for developing a waterlogging prevention emergency plan for a drainage system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said construction of a mathematical model of the drainage system comprises:
determining the range of the target area;
collecting a drainage pipe network, a pump station, an accessory structure and a lower cushion surface of a target area;
and selecting hydraulic software and constructing a drainage pipe network mathematical model, and carrying out calibration and/or verification on the constructed pipe network mathematical model.
3. A method for making a flood-prevention emergency plan for a drainage system according to claim 2, wherein in the step of selecting hydraulics software and constructing a mathematical model of a drainage pipe network, the drainage flood-prevention conditions simulated by the software selected by the mathematical model of the drainage pipe network include tree-shaped pipe network and ring-shaped pipe network, gravity flow and pressure flow, the cross-sectional shape, materials, roughness coefficient and gradient of common pipes, the load state of the pipes in the system and the overflow condition of the accumulated water in the system, the influence of backwater and the backflow condition in the pipe network, the operation condition of auxiliary structures and the common drainage flood-prevention buildings.
4. A method for developing a waterlogging prevention emergency plan for a drainage system according to claim 1, wherein the step of selecting a designed rainfall comprises:
adopting a rainstorm intensity formula and a design rainfall type of an area where a drainage system is located, and constructing design rainfall in different rainfall recurrence periods as rainfall input conditions in subsequent simulation;
selecting the areas with similar reference conditions when no corresponding rainstorm intensity formula and designed rain type exist locally; or
Simulations were performed using historical typical rainfall for local target areas as input conditions.
5. A method for making a waterlogging prevention emergency plan for a drainage system according to claim 1, wherein in the step of analyzing the drainage condition of the intercepted sewage, for a split-flow forced drainage system and a combined-flow forced drainage system equipped with a mixed-joint sewage intercepting pump, the mathematical model of a drainage pipe network is used to analyze the restriction condition of starting the sewage intercepting pump when the drainage system is in sunny days and rainy days;
the number of the sewage interception pumps can be started in dry days so as to quickly drain the drainage pipe network; and/or
And determining the maximum number of the sewage intercepting pumps which are started in rainy days so as to ensure that the drainage of other drainage systems is not influenced while the flood prevention capacity of the system is enhanced.
6. A method for making a waterlogging prevention emergency plan for a drainage system according to claim 1, wherein in the step of analyzing the pipeline storage capacity of the drainage system, a mathematical model of a drainage pipe network is used to calculate the storage capacity of the drainage pipe network at different absolute elevations, and the maximum rainfall capacity without surface water accumulation during storage by using the self storage capacity of the pipeline is grasped.
7. A waterlogging prevention emergency plan making method for a drainage system according to claim 6,
the lowest ground elevation of the municipal inspection well of the drainage system is X m, and the corresponding pipeline storage and regulation reservoir capacity V m is found out when the elevation is X m by searching the storage and regulation-reservoir capacity curve3Combining the runoff coefficient and drainage of the drainage systemWater system area, calculating the volume of water stored in the pipeline to be V m3The corresponding amount of rainfall in millimeters.
8. The method for making a waterlogging prevention emergency plan of a drainage system according to claim 7, wherein in the step of analyzing the drainage system drainage critical rainfall intensity, for a diversion system forced drainage system which is not provided with a rain and sewage mixed connection intercepting pump, under the condition that the drainage pump is not started, the maximum rainfall which can be accommodated by the system by virtue of the storage volume of the pipeline is the rainfall millimeter number analyzed and obtained in claim 7.
9. The method for making a waterlogging prevention emergency plan of a drainage system according to claim 5, wherein in the step of analyzing the river-releasing critical rainfall intensity of the drainage system, a shunting forced drainage system and a converging forced drainage system which are in mixed connection with a sewage intercepting pump are configured;
according to the storage space of the pipe network and the intercepting and conveying capacity of the intercepting pump, when the rainfall intensity does not exceed a certain level, the system can ensure that no water is accumulated in the service range of the system without starting the river discharging pump, and the aims of reducing river discharging pollution of a pump station and protecting the water environment of a river channel are fulfilled synchronously;
setting a river discharge pump in the model to be stopped by utilizing the mathematical model, only starting the cut-off pump, simulating rainstorm by utilizing the constructed design of different rainfall intensities, and calculating the critical rainfall intensity for ensuring that a drainage system does not discharge the river and the ground does not accumulate water;
through analysis, the critical rainfall intensity value of the system without releasing the river is mastered.
10. A waterlogging prevention emergency plan making method for a drainage system according to claim 1, wherein in said step of analyzing a pre-evacuation time of the drainage system,
for a drainage system in a high water level running state in a dry day, setting different numbers of water pumps to be started by using a drainage pipe network mathematical model, and simulating the time required by the system to pre-reduce from a high water level to a lowest water level under different working conditions;
under different rainstorm early warning conditions, the pre-evacuation time of a plurality of rows of drainage systems in which the intercepting pumps are started and different combinations of pre-evacuation time are calculated.
11. The method for formulating a flood prevention emergency plan for a drainage system according to claim 1, wherein in the step of analyzing the operational scheduling factors and the sensitivity of flood prevention effect of the pumping station,
simulating the influence of different pre-reduced water levels and different flood prevention pump starting water levels on the flood prevention effect of the drainage system by using a drainage pipe network mathematical model;
measuring waterlogging prevention effect by using average maximum water level of pipe network nodes generated by designing rainstorm simulation, wherein the average maximum water level is defined as the average value of water level peak values of all the nodes simulated at this time; or evaluating the waterlogging prevention effect by using other indexes;
and determining the critical starting water level of the pump when the highest water level of the pipe network is lower than the ground elevation of the system by combining the lowest ground elevation, and providing a basis for setting the starting water level of each flood prevention pump of the pump station.
12. The application of the drainage system waterlogging prevention emergency plan making method of claim 1, wherein the drainage system waterlogging prevention emergency plan making method is used for making a waterlogging prevention emergency plan;
and designing a rainstorm reappearing period of rainfall to select rainfall which is adaptive to the corresponding rainfall in the meteorological four-color early warning, and designing a waterlogging prevention emergency plan according to the conditions of a target area.
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