CN112051195A - Smoke intensity measuring structure, smoke intensity measuring equipment and smoke intensity measuring method - Google Patents
Smoke intensity measuring structure, smoke intensity measuring equipment and smoke intensity measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112051195A CN112051195A CN202010952787.7A CN202010952787A CN112051195A CN 112051195 A CN112051195 A CN 112051195A CN 202010952787 A CN202010952787 A CN 202010952787A CN 112051195 A CN112051195 A CN 112051195A
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012625 in-situ measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/0656—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions using electric, e.g. electrostatic methods or magnetic methods
Abstract
The invention discloses a smoke intensity measuring structure, smoke intensity measuring equipment and a smoke intensity measuring method. The utility model provides a smoke intensity measures structure, characterized by: the device comprises a flue gas channel, wherein an anode assembly is arranged on one radial side of the flue gas channel, and a cathode assembly is arranged on the other radial side of the flue gas channel; the anode assembly comprises an anode, and an anode magnetic field mechanism is arranged outside the anode; the cathode assembly comprises a cathode, a heating mechanism is arranged outside the cathode, an insulating ring is arranged outside the heating mechanism, and a cathode magnetic field mechanism is arranged outside the insulating ring. The invention is based on plasma technology, generates electron beam in the smoke channel, because the electron can be attached to the smoke particle, the particle content in the smoke is reflected according to the reduced electron quantity, thereby measuring the smoke intensity of the gas. The gas smoke intensity measuring device is simple in structure, can realize in-situ measurement, can reflect the change of the smoke intensity of gas in real time through a current numerical value, and is high in measurement precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a smoke intensity measuring structure and smoke intensity measuring equipment, in particular to equipment for measuring smoke intensity in exhaust gas discharged by an engine. The invention also relates to a smoke intensity measuring method of the smoke intensity measuring equipment.
Background
The smoke density is the degree of blackness of the filter paper through which the constant volume exhaust gas permeates. The smoke value range is 0-10, the smoke value of the blank filter paper is zero, and the smoke value of the full-black filter paper is 10. The smoke measuring device is an instrument for measuring the smoke in the exhaust gas of an engine. The method is mainly used for measuring the exhaust gas discharged by the diesel engine. The exhaust gas with a certain volume is pumped from the exhaust pipe of the diesel engine by a piston air pump according to a specified time and passes through a filter paper with a certain area, and smoke particles in the exhaust gas are intercepted on the filter paper and the filter paper is blackened. The absorbance of the filter paper, which indicates the amount of smoke in the exhaust gas, was measured with a photoelectric measuring device. The smoke intensity measuring equipment mainly comprises a piston air pump, a sampling device and a photoelectric measuring device. The measurement is generally repeated 3 times, and the arithmetic mean is obtained as the measured smoke value.
With public concern about air pollution, engine pollutant measuring equipment is widely developed, and the measuring equipment mainly comprises a filter paper type and a transmission type aiming at the measurement of particulate matters (smoke intensity measurement) in engine exhaust. The filter paper type smoke intensity measuring equipment indirectly obtains the smoke intensity by detecting the pollution degree of a measuring medium by the measured smoke intensity, belongs to an off-line measuring method, has low measuring precision, and cannot obtain a smoke intensity value under the condition of low smoke intensity. Transmission-type smoke intensity measuring equipment passes through the light path with the flue gas mainly through optical principle, and it is more to contain the cigarette in the exhaust, and the light energy decay is bigger when parallel light passes through the measuring chamber, and the signal of telecommunication through photoelectric converter conversion is just weaker to measure the smoke intensity. The transmission-type smoke meter is sensitive, and the measurement error is large when the content of smoke particles is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a smoke intensity measuring structure and smoke intensity measuring equipment which can improve the measuring precision, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the filter paper type smoke intensity measuring equipment adopts an indirect measuring mode, the measuring precision is not high, the smoke intensity value cannot be measured when the smoke intensity is low, and the measuring error of transmission type smoke intensity measuring equipment is large when the content of smoke particles is large.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a smoke intensity measures structure, characterized by: the device comprises a flue gas channel, wherein an anode assembly is arranged on one radial side of the flue gas channel, and a cathode assembly is arranged on the other radial side of the flue gas channel; the anode assembly comprises an anode penetrating through the pipe wall of the flue gas channel, and an anode magnetic field mechanism is arranged outside the anode; the cathode assembly comprises a cathode penetrating through the pipe wall of the flue gas channel, a heating mechanism is arranged outside the cathode, an insulating ring is arranged outside the heating mechanism, and a cathode magnetic field mechanism is arranged outside the insulating ring.
According to the invention, the anode assembly and the cathode assembly are used for generating electron beams in the smoke channel, when smoke to be measured is connected and guided into the smoke channel, electrons are adhered to particles under the electrostatic action after the smoke containing the particles passes through the electron group, and the particles are driven to leave the smoke channel by the particles. The anode magnetic field mechanism and the cathode magnetic field mechanism are used for forming a magnetic loop in the flue gas channel and binding charged particles under the action of a magnetic field. The heating mechanism outside the cathode is used for increasing the temperature of the cathode, and the increased temperature is beneficial to emitting electrons and is easier to ignite and maintain operation.
Further, in order to facilitate adjustment of the magnetic field strength, the anode magnetic field mechanism includes an anode magnetizer and an anode excitation coil, the anode magnetizer is disposed outside the anode, and the anode excitation coil is disposed outside the anode magnetizer; the cathode magnetic field mechanism comprises a cathode magnetizer and a cathode excitation coil, the cathode magnetizer is arranged outside the heat insulation ring, and the cathode excitation coil is arranged outside the cathode magnetizer. The magnetic field intensity can be adjusted by adjusting the anode exciting coil and the cathode exciting coil, and the capability of the magnetic field for binding charged particles can be changed by adjusting the magnetic field intensity, so that the size range of the measured particles is changed.
Further, in order to facilitate heating of the cathode, the heating mechanism includes a heat conductor and a heating coil, the heat conductor is disposed outside the cathode, and the heating coil is disposed outside the heat conductor.
Further, the cathode is disposed inside the heat conductor by interference fit in consideration of simplicity and reliability of structural design.
Further, the cathode is made of lanthanum hexaboride, the heat conductor is made of insulating heat conduction materials, and the heat insulating ring is made of glass fiber materials. Lanthanum hexaboride materials emit electrons more readily.
Further, in order to facilitate installation and disassembly, the anode assembly is fixed on the flue gas channel through an anode fixing threaded pin, and the cathode assembly is fixed on the flue gas channel through a cathode fixing threaded pin.
Further, in order to ensure that an electric current can be generated between the cathode and the anode, the anode assembly and the cathode assembly are arranged corresponding to each other.
The invention also provides smoke intensity measuring equipment using the smoke intensity measuring structure, which adopts the technical scheme that: the device comprises a direct-current heating power supply, a first direct-current excitation power supply, a second direct-current excitation power supply, an alternating-current discharge power supply and a current measuring meter, wherein the heating mechanism is connected with the direct-current heating power supply, the anode magnetic field mechanism is connected with the first direct-current excitation power supply, the cathode magnetic field mechanism is connected with the second direct-current excitation power supply, the anode and the cathode are respectively connected with the alternating-current discharge power supply through leads, and the current measuring meter is connected between the alternating-current discharge power supply and the anode in series.
In the invention, a direct current heating power supply is used for supplying power to a heating mechanism, a first direct current excitation power supply and a second direct current excitation power supply are respectively used for supplying power to an anode magnetic field mechanism and a cathode magnetic field mechanism, an alternating current discharge power supply is used for forming a loop with an anode and a cathode, and a current measuring meter is used for measuring the current in the loop.
The method for measuring the smoke intensity by adopting the smoke intensity measuring equipment comprises the following steps:
(1) starting the anode magnetic field mechanism and the cathode magnetic field mechanism to form a magnetic loop in the flue gas channel;
(2) starting a heating mechanism outside the cathode to increase the temperature of the cathode;
(3) after the temperature of the cathode is stable, a circuit between the cathode and the anode is switched on, the cathode emits electrons and penetrates through the flue gas channel to reach the anode, stable current is formed, and the current at the moment is measured;
(4) connecting and guiding the smoke to be measured into a smoke channel, and measuring the current value in a loop;
(5) and comparing the change value of the current with the corresponding relation between the calibrated smoke degree and the current to obtain the smoke degree value.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention is based on plasma technology, generates electron beam in the smoke channel, because the electron can be attached to the smoke particle, the particle content in the smoke is reflected according to the reduced electron quantity, thereby measuring the smoke intensity of the gas. The gas smoke intensity measuring device is simple in structure, can realize in-situ measurement, can reflect the change of the smoke intensity of gas in real time through a current numerical value, and is high in measurement precision. The invention can also change the size range of the measured particles through the adjustment of the magnetic field, thereby greatly improving the measurement application range and the measurement precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a smoke intensity measuring structure in accordance with an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a usage state of a smoke intensity measuring apparatus in an embodiment;
in the figure, 1, a flue gas channel, 2, an anode, 3, a cathode, 4, an adiabatic ring, 5, an anode magnetizer, 6, an anode exciting coil, 7, a cathode magnetizer, 8, a cathode exciting coil, 9, a heat conductor, 10, a heating coil, 11, an anode fixing screw pin, 12, a cathode fixing screw pin, 13, flue gas particles, 14, a direct current heating power supply, 15, a second direct current exciting power supply, 16, electrons, 17, an alternating current discharging power supply, 18, a current measuring meter, 19 and a first direct current exciting power supply.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further illustrated by way of non-limiting examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
as shown in the attached drawings, the smoke intensity measuring equipment comprises a smoke intensity measuring structure, a direct-current heating power supply 14, a first direct-current excitation power supply 19, a second direct-current excitation power supply 15, an alternating-current discharging power supply 17 and a current measuring meter 18. The smoke intensity measuring structure comprises a smoke channel 1, wherein an anode assembly is arranged on one radial side of the smoke channel 1, and a cathode assembly is arranged on the other radial side of the smoke channel. The anode assembly comprises an anode 2, the anode 2 penetrates through the pipe wall of the flue gas channel 1, and an anode magnetic field mechanism is arranged outside the anode 2. The cathode assembly comprises a cathode 3, the cathode 3 penetrates through the pipe wall of the flue gas channel 1, a heating mechanism is arranged outside the cathode 3, an insulating ring 4 is arranged outside the heating mechanism, and a cathode magnetic field mechanism is arranged outside the insulating ring 4. The heating mechanism is connected with the direct current heating power supply 14, the anode magnetic field mechanism is connected with the first direct current excitation power supply 19, the cathode magnetic field mechanism is connected with the second direct current excitation power supply 15, the anode 2 and the cathode 3 are respectively connected with the alternating current discharge power supply 17 through leads, and the current measuring meter 18 is connected between the alternating current discharge power supply 17 and the anode 2 in series.
The anode magnetic field mechanism, the cathode magnetic field mechanism and the heating mechanism in the invention can adopt the structures which can realize the related functions in the prior art. In view of simplicity and reliability of the structural design, in the present embodiment, the anode magnetic field mechanism includes an anode magnetic conductor 5 and an anode excitation coil 6, the anode magnetic conductor 5 is disposed outside the anode 2, and the anode excitation coil 6 is disposed outside the anode magnetic conductor 5. The cathode magnetic field mechanism comprises a cathode magnetizer 7 and a cathode excitation coil 8, the cathode magnetizer 7 is arranged outside the heat insulation ring 4, and the cathode excitation coil 8 is arranged outside the cathode magnetizer 7. The heating mechanism comprises a heat conductor 9 and a heating coil 10, wherein the heat conductor 9 is arranged outside the cathode 3, and the heating coil 10 is arranged outside the heat conductor 9. Preferably, the cathode 3 is arranged inside said heat conductor 9 by interference fit. The heating coil 10 is connected to a dc heating power supply 14, by means of which the heat conductor 9 and thus the cathode 3 can be heated. The anode excitation coil 6 is connected with the first direct current excitation power supply 19, the cathode excitation coil 8 is connected with the second direct current excitation power supply 15, and the anode magnetizer 5 and the cathode magnetizer 7 can jointly form a magnetic loop in the flue gas channel 1 through the anode excitation coil 6 and the cathode excitation coil 8.
For the convenience of installation, in the present invention, it is preferable that the anode assembly is fixed on the flue gas channel 1 by an anode fixing screw 11, and the cathode assembly is fixed on the flue gas channel 1 by a cathode fixing screw 12. The anode fixing screw pin 11 and the cathode fixing screw pin 12 are both provided with external threads, threaded holes are correspondingly formed in the pipe wall of the flue gas channel 1, the anode fixing screw pin 11 and the cathode fixing screw pin 12 are respectively sleeved outside the anode assembly and the cathode assembly and are connected with the pipe wall of the flue gas channel 1 through threads, and the anode assembly and the cathode assembly are fixed on the flue gas channel 1.
In order to ensure that an effective current can be generated between the cathode and the anode, the anode assembly and the cathode assembly are arranged in correspondence with each other. The corresponding arrangement here includes the anode assembly and the cathode assembly being on the same vertical line, but is not limited to this positional relationship as long as it is satisfied that an electric current can be generated between the cathode and the anode.
In the present invention, preferably, the cathode 5 is made of lanthanum hexaboride, the heat conductor 9 is made of insulating heat conducting material, and the heat insulating ring 6 is made of glass fiber material. Lanthanum hexaboride materials emit electrons more readily. The material of the heat conductor 9 may be ceramic.
The working process of the smoke intensity measuring equipment is as follows: firstly, a circuit is connected, an anode magnetic field mechanism and a cathode magnetic field mechanism are started to jointly form a magnetic loop in a flue gas channel 1, then a heating mechanism outside a cathode 3 is started, the temperature of the cathode 3 is increased, after about 5 minutes, the cathode 3, an anode 2 and an alternating current discharge power supply 17 are switched on after the temperature of the cathode 3 is stable, the cathode 3 emits electrons and penetrates through the channel to reach the anode 2 under the action of an electric field to form stable current, and the current is measured by a current measuring meter. Furthermore, the smoke to be measured is connected and guided into the smoke channel 1, when the smoke containing particles passes through the electron group, electrons are adhered to the particles due to the electrostatic action and are driven by the particles to leave the smoke channel 1, and at the moment, the current passing through the loop is reduced. The more the particulate matter, the larger the amplitude of current reduction, through the demarcation of earlier stage, can give the corresponding relation of smoke intensity and current. Thereby measuring the smoke value by the change of the current. Here, the calibration method is general and gives a gas of known smoke before use; then obtaining the current intensity, and then giving out another gas with known smoke intensity to obtain current; thus, the relation between the current and the smoke intensity is given by a plurality of gases with known smoke intensity, and the calibration process is carried out. In the practical application process, the smoke intensity of the gas to be measured can be obtained by adding a calibrated table or curve according to the measured current.
During the measurement, the magnetic field has the effect of binding the charged particles, so that the particles move towards the anode 2. Assuming that no smoke and no particles exist in the smoke channel, the discharge equipment starts to discharge, and the exciting current is loaded and forms a magnetic field. At this time, electrons are constrained by the magnetic field and pass through the loop, and the current intensity is maximum; when letting in the flue gas to the flue gas passageway in, because the existence of the inside particulate matter of flue gas, the particulate matter can take away the electron that originally can be bound by magnetic field (because the quality of particulate matter is great, the particulate matter of electron has been adhered to in the unable constraint of magnetic field), the current in return circuit will reduce like this, and the quantity of particulate matter is more, and the electron of taking away is more, and the electron is less in the return circuit, and return circuit current also can be littleer. I.e. the more particulate matter in the flue gas, the less the corresponding loop current. Thus, changes in gas smoke density can be reflected by changes in current.
The magnetic field has the effect of binding electrons originally, when the magnetic field intensity is increased, a part of particles in smoke with smaller mass can be bound (after the particles are adhered to the electrons, if the particles with larger mass can break loose the magnetic field binding and flow away from the channel outlet, and the particles adhered with electrons with smaller mass are still bound by a larger magnetic field), so that the original electrons taken away can enter the loop again by increasing the magnetic field intensity, the current of the loop is increased, the particles with smaller mass cannot take away the electrons, and the particles cannot naturally fall into the measuring range. Therefore, according to this principle, the size of the measured particulate matter can be increased by increasing the magnetic field strength so that some particulate matter of small mass is not in the measurement range. Therefore, the size range of the measuring particles can be changed by adjusting the magnetic field strength during the measurement.
Other parts in this embodiment are the prior art, and are not described herein again.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a smoke intensity measures structure, characterized by: the device comprises a flue gas channel (1), wherein an anode assembly is arranged on one radial side of the flue gas channel (1), and a cathode assembly is arranged on the other radial side of the flue gas channel; the anode assembly comprises an anode (2) penetrating through the pipe wall of the flue gas channel (1), and an anode magnetic field mechanism is arranged outside the anode (2); the cathode assembly comprises a cathode (3) penetrating through the pipe wall of the flue gas channel (1), a heating mechanism is arranged outside the cathode (3), an insulating ring (4) is arranged outside the heating mechanism, and a cathode magnetic field mechanism is arranged outside the insulating ring (4).
2. The smoke density measuring structure according to claim 1, wherein: the anode magnetic field mechanism comprises an anode magnetizer (5) and an anode magnet exciting coil (6), the anode magnetizer (5) is arranged outside the anode (2), and the anode magnet exciting coil (6) is arranged outside the anode magnetizer (5); the cathode magnetic field mechanism comprises a cathode magnetizer (7) and a cathode excitation coil (8), the cathode magnetizer (7) is arranged outside the heat insulation ring (4), and the cathode excitation coil (8) is arranged outside the cathode magnetizer (7).
3. The smoke density measuring structure according to claim 1, wherein: the heating mechanism comprises a heat conductor (9) and a heating coil (10), the heat conductor (9) is arranged outside the cathode (3), and the heating coil (10) is arranged outside the heat conductor (9).
4. The smoke density measuring structure according to claim 3, wherein: the cathode (3) is arranged inside the heat conductor (9) in an interference fit mode.
5. The smoke density measuring structure according to claim 3, wherein: the cathode (3) is made of lanthanum hexaboride, the heat conductor (9) is made of insulating heat conduction materials, and the heat insulating ring (4) is made of glass fiber materials.
6. The smoke density measuring structure according to claim 1, wherein: the anode assembly is fixed on the flue gas channel (1) through an anode fixing threaded pin (11), and the cathode assembly is fixed on the flue gas channel (1) through a cathode fixing threaded pin (12).
7. A smoke intensity measuring structure according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein: the anode assembly and the cathode assembly are arranged corresponding to each other.
8. A smoke density measuring apparatus using the smoke density measuring structure of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the device is characterized by further comprising a direct-current heating power supply, a first direct-current excitation power supply, a second direct-current excitation power supply, an alternating-current discharge power supply and a current measuring meter, wherein the heating mechanism is connected with the direct-current heating power supply, the anode magnetic field mechanism is connected with the first direct-current excitation power supply, the cathode magnetic field mechanism is connected with the second direct-current excitation power supply, the anode (2) and the cathode (3) are respectively connected with the alternating-current discharge power supply through leads, and the current measuring meter is connected between the alternating-current discharge power supply and the anode (2) in series.
9. A method of measuring smoke intensity using the smoke intensity measuring apparatus of claim 8, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) starting the anode magnetic field mechanism and the cathode magnetic field mechanism to form a magnetic loop in the flue gas channel;
(2) starting a heating mechanism outside the cathode to increase the temperature of the cathode;
(3) after the temperature of the cathode is stable, a circuit between the cathode and the anode is switched on, the cathode emits electrons and penetrates through the flue gas channel to reach the anode, stable current is formed, and the current is measured by a current measuring meter;
(4) connecting and guiding the smoke to be measured into a smoke channel, and measuring the current value in the loop through a current measuring meter;
(5) and comparing the change value of the current with the corresponding relation between the calibrated smoke degree and the current to obtain the smoke degree value.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010952787.7A CN112051195B (en) | 2020-09-11 | Smoke intensity measuring structure, smoke intensity measuring equipment and smoke intensity measuring method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010952787.7A CN112051195B (en) | 2020-09-11 | Smoke intensity measuring structure, smoke intensity measuring equipment and smoke intensity measuring method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112051195A true CN112051195A (en) | 2020-12-08 |
| CN112051195B CN112051195B (en) | 2024-05-14 |
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