CN112050699B - Polyurethane foam combined type explosion-proof device and polyurethane foam material - Google Patents

Polyurethane foam combined type explosion-proof device and polyurethane foam material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112050699B
CN112050699B CN202010868718.8A CN202010868718A CN112050699B CN 112050699 B CN112050699 B CN 112050699B CN 202010868718 A CN202010868718 A CN 202010868718A CN 112050699 B CN112050699 B CN 112050699B
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polyurethane foam
cover
explosion
mass
barrel
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CN112050699A (en
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黄广炎
周颖
邹美帅
王涛
张旭东
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D5/00—Safety arrangements
    • F42D5/04—Rendering explosive charges harmless, e.g. destroying ammunition; Rendering detonation of explosive charges harmless
    • F42D5/045—Detonation-wave absorbing or damping means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48—Polyethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48—Polyethers
    • C08G18/4804—Two or more polyethers of different physical or chemical nature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48—Polyethers
    • C08G18/4854—Polyethers containing oxyalkylene groups having four carbon atoms in the alkylene group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
    • C08G18/6666—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
    • C08G18/667—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
    • C08G18/6681—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or C08G18/3271 and/or polyamines of C08G18/38
    • C08G18/6685—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or C08G18/3271 and/or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3225 or polyamines of C08G18/38
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
    • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
    • C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
    • C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
    • C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
    • C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
    • C08G18/7671—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups containing only one alkylene bisphenyl group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
    • C08J9/0071—Nanosized fillers, i.e. having at least one dimension below 100 nanometers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/009—Use of pretreated compounding ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
    • C08J9/08—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
    • C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
    • C08J9/147—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon and halogen atoms only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/04—Carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/04—Carbon
    • C08K3/041—Carbon nanotubes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
    • C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
    • C08K9/06—Ingredients treated with organic substances with silicon-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/02—CO2-releasing, e.g. NaHCO3 and citric acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/14—Saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. butane; Unspecified hydrocarbons
    • C08J2203/142—Halogenated saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. H3C-CF3
    • C08J2203/144—Perhalogenated saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. F3C-CF3
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/18—Binary blends of expanding agents
    • C08J2203/184—Binary blends of expanding agents of chemical foaming agent and physical blowing agent, e.g. azodicarbonamide and fluorocarbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
    • C08J2375/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/002—Physical properties
    • C08K2201/003—Additives being defined by their diameter
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/002—Physical properties
    • C08K2201/004—Additives being defined by their length
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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    • C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives

Abstract

The invention relates to a polyurethane foam combined type explosion-proof device and a polyurethane foam material, and belongs to the technical field of explosion-proof structures. The device includes barrel and lid, the material of barrel is polyurethane foam, the lid includes polyurethane foam lid and liquid lid, and inside polyurethane foam lid was located barrel upper end and embedding barrel, the inside degree of depth of polyurethane foam lid embedding barrel was adjustable, and the liquid lid was located the barrel top and covered polyurethane foam lid, left air gap between liquid lid and the polyurethane foam lid. The device has good explosion-proof performance. The polyurethane foam material is characterized in that the polyurethane foam is compounded by adopting surface silanization carbon black, carbon nano tubes and polyurethane, the surface silanization carbon black and the carbon nano tubes are cooperated to improve the cohesive energy of the material, the mechanical property of the polyurethane is improved, and the effect of enhancing and toughening is achieved.

Description

Polyurethane foam combined type explosion-proof device and polyurethane foam material
Technical Field
The invention relates to a polyurethane foam combined type explosion-proof device and a polyurethane foam material, and belongs to the technical field of explosion-proof structures.
Background
The public security anti-terrorism explosion-proof personnel are used for safely disposing explosives as a research background, and an efficient explosive disposal method is urgently needed for a convenient and effective lightweight protection structure in order to deal with the domestic and foreign social common safety threat caused by extreme molecules. Aiming at explosion shock waves, the traditional rigid explosion-proof structure mainly utilizes the characteristic of high-impedance materials, realizes multiple reflections of the shock waves through a closed space, further disperses and transfers the explosion energy, and can effectively inhibit the harm caused by explosives below the protection equivalent limit.
At present, the treatment of simple explosives presents the development trend of lightening and no secondary damage. The polyurethane foam is a porous flexible material with light weight and high specific strength, has a longer platform energy absorption area under impact compression, and has better impact energy absorption characteristics. The traditional simple explosion-proof device is generally a hollow cylindrical barrel, and the explosion-proof performance of the traditional simple explosion-proof device needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a polyurethane foam combined explosion-proof device and a polyurethane foam material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a polyurethane foam combination formula explosion-proof equipment, includes barrel and lid, the material of barrel is polyurethane foam, the lid includes polyurethane foam lid and liquid lid, and wherein, inside polyurethane foam lid was located barrel upper end and embedding barrel, the inside degree of depth of polyurethane foam lid embedding barrel is adjustable, the liquid lid is located the barrel top and covers polyurethane foam lid, leaves air gap between liquid lid and the polyurethane foam lid simultaneously.
Further, the liquid in the liquid cover is water.
Further, the mass ratio of the liquid cover to the polyurethane foam cover is 1: 1-1.5; the thickness ratio of the liquid cover to the polyurethane foam cover is 1:8-10, and the air gap between the liquid cover and the polyurethane foam cover is more than or equal to one half of the thickness of the liquid cover.
Furthermore, the explosion-proof device also comprises a protective base, and the protective base is positioned at the bottom in the barrel body; the protective base is made of polyurethane foam material.
Furthermore, the polyurethane foam cover is connected with the cylinder body through an adjustable adhesive fixing band.
Furthermore, the length-diameter ratio of the closed space in the explosion-proof device is 1.5-1.8 times of the length-diameter ratio of the explosive.
Furthermore, the explosion-proof device can adopt a structure that a large-size cylinder body is sleeved with a small-size cylinder body.
A polyurethane foam material prepared by the above process:
(1) preparation of a component A: uniformly mixing 100 parts by mass of polypropylene oxide polyol, 15-21 parts by mass of foaming agent, 0.5-2 parts by mass of foam stabilizer, 0.5-1.5 parts by mass of catalyst, 2-8 parts by mass of chain extender, 1.5-3.5 parts by mass of surface silanization carbon black and 0.5-1 part by mass of multi-wall carbon nano tube to obtain a component A; wherein the polyoxypropylene polyol has a functionality of 2 and a molecular weight of 5000; the foaming agent is H2O and/or monofluorotrichloromethane; the catalyst is dibutyltin dilaurate and/or 2,4, 6-tri (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol; the chain extender is more than one of diethyl toluene diamine, ethylene glycol and 1, 4-butanediol; the length-diameter ratio of the multi-wall carbon nano tube is more than or equal to 250: 1;
(2) b, preparation of a component: adding 0.01 plus or minus 5 percent of polymerization inhibitor into 50 plus or minus 10 percent of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and 50 plus or minus 10 percent of polyamino tetrahydrofuran polyalcohol to obtain a component B; wherein the polymerization inhibitor is diethylene glycol bischloroformate;
(3) respectively preheating the component A and the component B to 50-60 ℃, mixing the component A and the component B according to the mass ratio of 1:1 +/-0.05, starting foaming in a mold preheated to 50-60 ℃, then putting the mold into a 60-70 ℃ oven to heat for 10-30min, and demoulding to obtain the polyurethane foam material.
Furthermore, the diameter of the multi-wall carbon nano tube is 20-40nm, and the length of the multi-wall carbon nano tube is 1-2 μm.
Further, the surface silanized carbon black (MCB) is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing Carbon Black (CB) with the particle size of 20-30nm, toluene and excessive silane coupling agent g-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane for reaction for 25-30h at room temperature, centrifugally separating, washing precipitates with ionized water, grinding and sieving with a 300-mesh sieve to obtain the product.
Advantageous effects
The embedded depth of the embedded cover body at the top of the device is adjustable, and the cover body can be contacted with an explosive as close as possible, so that the pressure relief development direction of the top shock wave is guided, the strong shock wave reflected and superposed in the protective structure is dispersed to the circumferential gap between the cover body and the cylinder body to finish the leakage, and the propagation speed and the pressure peak value of the top shock wave of the protective structure are reduced. The top cover body is formed by compounding foam-air-liquid multi-media, and the impact waves are subjected to multiple reflection and transmission actions on different interfaces by utilizing different impact impedances of all the media, so that the interaction time of the impact waves and the cover body media is effectively prolonged; simultaneously, the liquid layer of the outer surface has larger impact resistance, because the attenuation speed of the explosion shock wave in the liquid layer is relatively higher, and the impedance difference between the top liquid layer and the outside air is larger, the matching can improve the energy absorption efficiency of the cover body, reduce the intensity of the transmission wave, effectively delay the moment of leakage of the shock wave from the top gap, and simultaneously reduce the influence range of the explosion flame. The combined integral protection structure can form an effective closed space for explosion products and shock waves in a short time after explosion, and the early concentrated explosion impact energy is converted into the internal energy of the combined integral protection structure for efficient absorption by fully utilizing the plastic deformation of polyurethane foam compression collapse.
The purpose of temporarily isolating the rigid ground is realized through the detachable protection base, the intensity of reflected waves generated by explosion shock waves on the rigid ground is reduced, the time of leakage of the shock waves at the bottom end of the explosion-proof device is effectively delayed, and the influence range is reduced.
In order to enable all parts of the explosion-proof device to play a more balanced collapse energy absorption role and reduce the early disintegration and pressure relief of the protective structure caused by local damage, the length-diameter ratio of a closed space in the protective body is designed to be 1.5-1.8 times of the length-diameter ratio of an explosive.
When dealing with the explosive of different equivalent weights, can utilize the gum magic of little barrel circumference outside and big barrel inboard annular face to paste bonding package assembly, form the protector of different wall thicknesses or volume, reduced protector's deposit demand space under the different equivalent weights.
The polyurethane foam is compounded by adopting surface silanization carbon black, carbon nano tubes and polyurethane, the silane coupling agent is formed by introducing active amino on the surface of the carbon black and can be used as a chain extender to participate in the chain extension reaction of the polyurethane, and the amino on the surface of the modified carbon black reacts with isocyanic acid radical to generate urea bonds, so that the cross-linking structure among polyurethane pores is enhanced, and more interaction sites are obtained; the multi-walled carbon nano-tube with the fiber form with large length-diameter ratio and the modified carbon black form a three-dimensional net-shaped three-dimensional structure, the multi-walled carbon nano-tube and the modified carbon black cooperatively improve the cohesive energy (the bonding acting force between aggregation-state substances) of the material, improve the mechanical property of polyurethane and achieve the effect of enhancing and toughening. At the same density (200 kg/m)3) The compressive strength of the polyurethane foam material is improved by more than 18% compared with that of the common polyurethane foam material in CN 110283299A.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a small-sized cylinder assembled with a large-sized cylinder;
FIG. 4 is a cloud of shock wave pressure versus time at various times after detonation for the explosion-proof unit described in example 2 and comparative example 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a simulation layout of an explosion proof performance test of an explosion proof device;
FIG. 6 is a time course curve of the shock wave overpressure of the explosion-proof device in example 2, comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 at a test point A;
FIG. 7 is a time course curve of the shock wave overpressure of the explosion proof device in example 2, comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 at test point B;
FIG. 8 is a time course curve of the shock wave overpressure of the explosion proof device described in example 2, comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 at test point C;
FIG. 9 is a time course curve of the shock wave overpressure of the explosion proof device in example 2, comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 at test point D;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the disposal method with the explosion-removing mechanism on site;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the disposal method without the explosive handling machine on site;
FIG. 12 is an explosion test phenomenon of the explosion-proof apparatus described in comparative example 1;
FIG. 13 is an explosion test phenomenon of the explosion-proof apparatus described in comparative example 2;
wherein, 1-liquid cover, 2-air space, 3-polyurethane foam cover, 4-cylinder, 5-protective base, 6-cover body adjusting belt, 7-explosive, 8-protective device, 9-air area, and 10-rigid ground.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1-2, a polyurethane foam combined type explosion-proof device comprises a barrel 4 and a cover body, wherein the barrel 4 is made of polyurethane foam, the cover body comprises a polyurethane foam cover 3 and a liquid cover 1, the polyurethane foam cover 3 is positioned at the upper end of the barrel 4 and is embedded into the barrel 4, the depth of the polyurethane foam cover 3 embedded into the barrel is adjustable, the liquid cover 1 is positioned above the barrel 4 and covers the polyurethane foam cover 3, and an air gap 2 is reserved between the liquid cover 1 and the polyurethane foam cover 3.
The liquid in the liquid cover 1 is water.
The explosion-proof device also comprises a protective base 5, and the protective base 5 is positioned at the bottom in the barrel body 2; the protective base 5 is made of polyurethane foam material.
The polyurethane foam cover 3 is connected with the cylinder 4 through an adjustable adhesive fixing band 6.
The bottom of the liquid cover 1 is connected with the top surface of the cylinder body 4 through a back adhesive magic tape.
The length-diameter ratio of the internal closed space of the explosion-proof device is 1.5-1.8 times of the length-diameter ratio of the explosive.
The mass ratio of the liquid cover 1 to the polyurethane foam cover 3 is 1: 1-1.5.
The thickness ratio of the liquid cover 1 to the polyurethane foam cover 3 is 1:8-10, and the air gap 2 between the liquid cover 1 and the polyurethane foam cover 3 is more than or equal to one half of the thickness of the liquid cover.
The explosion-proof device can adopt a structure that a large-size cylinder body is sleeved with a small-size cylinder body, as shown in figure 3.
Example 1
A polyurethane foam material prepared by the above process:
(1) preparation of a component A: uniformly mixing 100 parts by mass of polypropylene oxide polyol, 15 parts by mass of a foaming agent, 1.5 parts by mass of a foam stabilizer, 1.2 parts by mass of a catalyst, 2 parts by mass of a chain extender, 3 parts by mass of surface silanization carbon black and 1 part by mass of a multi-walled carbon nanotube to obtain a component A; wherein the foaming agent is H with the mass ratio of 3:12O and monofluorotrichloromethane; the catalyst is dibutyltin dilaurate; the chain extender comprises diethyl toluenediamine, ethylene glycol and 1, 4-butanediol in a mass ratio of 5:2: 2; the diameter of the multi-wall carbon nano tube is 20-40nm, and the length of the multi-wall carbon nano tube is 1-2 mu m;
(2) b, preparation of a component: adding 0.01 part by mass of polymerization inhibitor into 50 parts by mass of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and 50 parts by mass of polyaminotetrahydrofuran polyol to obtain a component B; wherein the polymerization inhibitor is diethylene glycol bischloroformate;
(3) respectively preheating the component A and the component B to 50 ℃, mixing the components according to the mass ratio of 1:1, then starting foaming in a mold preheated to 60 ℃, then putting the mold into a 60 ℃ oven to heat for 20min, and demoulding to obtain the polyurethane foam material.
The polyoxypropylene polyol has a functionality of 2 and a molecular weight of 5000.
The surface silanized carbon black (MCB) is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing Carbon Black (CB) with the particle size of 20-30nm, toluene and an excessive silane coupling agent at room temperature for reaction for 30 hours, then carrying out centrifugal separation, washing precipitates with ionized water, and grinding the precipitates through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain the product;
the silane coupling agent is g-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane.
The polyurethane foam in this example had a density of 200kg/m3The compressive strength is 1.47 MPa. The test standard of the density is GB 10802-1989, and the test standard of the compressive strength is GB/T8812-1988.
Example 2
The utility model provides a polyurethane foam combination formula explosion-proof equipment, includes barrel 4 and lid, the material of barrel 4 is polyurethane foam, the lid includes polyurethane foam lid 3 and liquid lid 1, wherein, polyurethane foam lid 3 is located barrel 4 upper end and imbeds inside the barrel 4, the inside degree of depth of polyurethane foam lid 3 embedding barrel is adjustable, liquid lid 1 is located barrel 4 top and covers polyurethane foam lid 3, leaves air gap 2 between liquid lid 1 and the polyurethane foam lid 3 simultaneously.
The liquid in the liquid cover 1 is water. The polyurethane foam material of example 1 is adopted for the cylinder 4 and the polyurethane foam cover 3.
The explosion-proof device also comprises a protective base 5, and the protective base 5 is positioned at the bottom in the barrel 4; the material of the protective base 5 is the polyurethane foam material in embodiment 1.
The polyurethane foam cover 3 is connected with the cylinder 4 through an adjustable adhesive fixing band 6. The adjustable pasting fixing band 6 adopts a back adhesive magic tape.
In this embodiment, the size of the protection base 5 is: radius 90mm x height 100 mm;
the size of the cylinder 4 is as follows: the inner diameter is 180mm, the outer diameter is 330mm, and the height is 310 mm;
the liquid cap 1 has the following dimensions: radius 100mm x height 25 mm; the depth of the bottom hole is 90mm in radius and 10mm in height;
the polyurethane foam cap 3 has the following dimensions: radius 90mm x height 200 mm.
Comparative example 1
The polyurethane foam explosion-proof device is a hollow annular cylinder body, the inner diameter of the device is 180mm, the outer diameter of the device is 380mm, and the top of the device is open. The material of the cylinder body is the polyurethane foam material in the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2
A liquid explosion-proof device is a hollow annular cylinder, the inner diameter of the device is 180mm, the outer diameter of the device is 380mm, and the top of the device is open; the liquid (water) is injected into a prefabricated annular sealing bag (containing a liquid inlet valve and a gas outlet valve) by using a pressure water gun, and the sealing bag is made of TPU (thermoplastic polyurethanes) thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber.
Comparative example 3
A polyurethane foam explosion-proof device comprises a hollow annular cylinder body and a cylindrical cover body, wherein the inner diameter of the hollow annular cylinder body is 180mm, the outer diameter of the hollow annular cylinder body is 340mm, and the height of the hollow annular cylinder body is 310 mm; the diameter of the cylindrical cover body is 340mm, the height is 80mm, and the cover body can completely cover the upper end face of the barrel body. The material of the explosion-proof device is the polyurethane foam material described in example 1.
Example 3
In this example, the explosive is 125g of TNT with a radius of 25mm by a height of 40 mm.
The device of the embodiment 2 and the device of the comparative example 3 are respectively adopted to carry out numerical simulation test of explosion impact on the explosive, the pressure of the shock wave at different moments after the explosive explodes is compared with a cloud chart as shown in fig. 4, compared with the device of the comparative example 3, the pressure relief development direction of the shock wave at the top of the device of the embodiment 2 is guided, the strong shock wave reflected and superposed inside the protective structure is dispersed to the circumferential gap between the polyurethane foam cover and the cylinder body to finish the leakage, and meanwhile, the liquid layer positioned on the outer side has larger wave impedance, so that the rapid secondary absorption of the circumferential leakage shock wave of the polyurethane layer of the cover body can be carried out; the shock wave in comparative example 3 takes place to reveal from the contact interface of device and ground, lid and barrel respectively, and both all expand along the horizontal direction, and can take place the interact at the horizontal position that the device middle part corresponds and improve the effect intensity of pressure release to the barrier propterty of device has been weakened. Example 2 the foam-air-liquid multi-medium composite structure is used to improve the reflection and transmission times of the shock wave in the cover body and the absorption efficiency of the energy of the explosion shock wave, and reduce the propagation speed, overpressure peak value and the influence range of the explosion flame of the shock wave on the top of the protective structure.
Example 4
In this embodiment, a schematic diagram of a simulation layout of an explosion-proof performance test is shown in fig. 5, each structure of the simulation model is an axisymmetric structure, and the symmetry axes of each structure are on the same straight line, so that a two-dimensional plane axisymmetric model can be used for simulation calculation, and the explosion-proof effects of different material structures are compared and evaluated by using the shock wave overpressure value of the observation point A, B, C, D. Wherein, the radius of the air area is 9 mm, and the radius is 1100mm multiplied by 1600 mm; the rigid floor 10 has a radius of 1100mm x a height of 50 mm. The horizontal distance between the test point A, B and the explosion central shaft is 1000mm, and the vertical distance between the test point A, B and the rigid ground 8 is 900mm and 1500mm respectively; the vertical distance between the test point C, D and the ground is 1500mm, and the horizontal distance between the test point C, D and the explosion central shaft is 0mm and 600mm respectively. The explosive was 125g TNT with a radius of 25mm by a height of 40 mm.
The test results are shown in FIGS. 6-9, and the shock wave overpressure of the explosion-proof device in example 2 at A, B, C, D observation points is 36kPa, 22kPa, 24kPa and 26kPa respectively; the overpressure of the blast wave of the explosion-proof device in comparative example 1 at A, B, C, D at four observation points was 74kPa, 89kPa, 187kPa, 133kPa, respectively; the blast overpressure of the explosion-proof device in comparative example 2 at A, B, C, D at four observation points was 116kPa, 133kPa, 298kPa, 208kPa, respectively; the overpressure of the blast of the explosion-proof device in comparative example 3 at the four observation points of A, B, C, D was 65kPa, 34kPa, 59kPa, 43kPa, respectively. Compared with the device of comparative example 2, the device of comparative example 1 can reduce the overpressure peak value of the shock wave at the observation point to a certain extent, but the effect is not obvious; the device of embodiment 2 can effectively reduce overpressure peak value, and simultaneously prolong the time when the shock wave reaches the observation point and the action time of the shock wave, namely, the transient sudden shock wave is weakened into compression wave with lower intensity and longer duration. Compared with the device of the comparative example 2 with the same volume, the device of the example 2 greatly improves the material utilization efficiency (can improve by over 75%), and compared with the device of the comparative example 1, the device of the example 2 changes the concentrated damage form of the shock wave more effectively, and greatly reduces the impact damage. Compared with the comparative example 3 (common capping structure), the quality of the example 2 is the same, but the example 2 can more effectively prolong the protection time of the explosion-proof device and reduce the overpressure peak value by changing the combination form of the cover body and the cylinder body and the matching of the medium.
Example 5
The explosion response process of different situations was photographed by a high-speed camera, and compared with the test picture at 3ms after the explosion, the flame effect range of the device of comparative example 1 (as shown in fig. 12) was significantly smaller than that of the device of comparative example 2 (as shown in fig. 13). At the same time, the device of comparative example 1 reduces by 25% the overpressure peak at a vertical distance of 1.5m from the ground, at the central axis of the barrier, compared to the device of comparative example 2. Similarly, the overpressure peak at a vertical distance of 0.3m from the ground is reduced by 28% compared to a distance of 1m from the central axis of the barrier. It is noted that the mass of the device described in comparative example 1 is 30% of the mass of the device described in comparative example 2 at the same volume.
When the device is used, when movable mechanical equipment (explosive discharge rod/explosive discharge robot) is arranged on an explosive disposal site, the mechanical transfer equipment is used for transferring the explosive to the base, meanwhile, the relative contact depth of the embedded cover body and the cylinder body is adjusted by the adjusting belt according to the actual size of the suspected explosive, then the embedded cover body and the cylinder body are covered around the explosive, finally, the top of the cylinder body is adhered to a liquid layer of the cover body, and the top of the cylinder body and the protective base are combined to form a site protection disposal structure, as shown in fig. 10. When no mechanical equipment is available for movement at the explosive disposal site, the cover and the barrel can be directly combined and then rapidly moved to shield the suspicious explosives, as shown in fig. 11.
Example 6:
a polyurethane foam material prepared by the above process:
(1) preparation of a component A: uniformly mixing 100 parts of polypropylene oxide polyol, 20 parts of foaming agent, 0.8 part of foam stabilizer, 1.5 parts of catalyst, 6 parts of chain extender, 3.5 parts of surface silanization carbon black and 0.5 part of multi-wall carbon nano tube to obtain a component A;
wherein the foaming agent is 5 parts of H2O and 15 parts of monofluorotrichloromethane;
the catalyst is 0.5 part of dibutyltin dilaurate and 1 part of 2,4, 6-tri (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol;
the chain extender is 3 parts of diethyl toluene diamine, 1 part of ethylene glycol and 2 parts of 1, 4-butanediol;
the diameter of the multi-wall carbon nano tube is 20-40nm, and the length of the multi-wall carbon nano tube is 1-2 mu m;
(2) b, preparation of a component: adding 0.01 part of polymerization inhibitor into 50 parts of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and 50 parts of polyamino tetrahydrofuran polyol to obtain a component B;
(3) respectively preheating the component A and the component B to 50 ℃, mixing the components according to the mass ratio of 1:1, then starting foaming in a mold preheated to 60 ℃, then putting the mold into a 60 ℃ oven to heat for 25min, and demoulding to obtain the polyurethane foam material.
The polyoxypropylene polyol has a functionality of 2 and a molecular weight of 5000.
The surface silanized carbon black (MCB) is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing Carbon Black (CB) with the particle size of 20-30nm, toluene and an excessive silane coupling agent at room temperature for reaction for 30 hours, then carrying out centrifugal separation, washing precipitates with ionized water, and grinding the precipitates through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain the product;
the silane coupling agent is g-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane.
The polyurethane foam in this example had a density of 189kg/m3The compressive strength was 1.31 MPa. The test standard of the density is GB 10802-1989, and the test standard of the compressive strength is GB/T8812-1988.
In summary, the invention includes but is not limited to the above embodiments, and any equivalent replacement or local modification made under the spirit and principle of the invention should be considered as being within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A polyurethane foam combined explosion-proof device is characterized in that: the novel multifunctional barrel comprises a barrel body and a cover body, wherein the barrel body is made of polyurethane foam materials, the cover body comprises a polyurethane foam cover and a liquid cover, the polyurethane foam cover is positioned at the upper end of the barrel body and is embedded into the barrel body, the depth of the polyurethane foam cover embedded into the barrel body is adjustable, the liquid cover is positioned above the barrel body and covers the polyurethane foam cover, and meanwhile, an air gap is reserved between the liquid cover and the polyurethane foam cover;
wherein the mass ratio of the liquid cover to the polyurethane foam cover is 1: 1-1.5; the thickness ratio of the liquid cover to the polyurethane foam cover is 1:8-10, and the air gap between the liquid cover and the polyurethane foam cover is more than or equal to one half of the thickness of the liquid cover.
2. A polyurethane foam unitized blast resistant unit as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the liquid in the liquid cover is water.
3. A polyurethane foam unitized blast resistant unit as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the explosion-proof device also comprises a protective base, and the protective base is positioned at the bottom in the barrel; the protective base is made of polyurethane foam material.
4. A polyurethane foam unitized blast resistant unit as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the polyurethane foam cover is connected with the cylinder body through an adjustable pasting fixing band.
5. A polyurethane foam unitized blast resistant unit as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the length-diameter ratio of the internal closed space of the explosion-proof device is 1.5-1.8 times of the length-diameter ratio of the explosive.
6. A polyurethane foam unitized blast resistant unit as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the explosion-proof device adopts a structure that a large-size barrel body is sleeved with a small-size barrel body.
7. A polyurethane foam characterized by: the material is prepared by the following method:
(1) preparation of a component A: 100 parts by mass of polypropylene oxide polyalcohol, 15-21 parts by mass of foaming agent, 0.5-2 parts by mass of foam stabilizer, 0.5-1.5 parts by mass of catalyst and 2 parts by mass of8 parts by mass of a chain extender, 1.5-3.5 parts by mass of surface silanization carbon black and 0.5-1 part by mass of multi-walled carbon nano tube, and uniformly mixing to obtain a component A; wherein the polyoxypropylene polyol has a functionality of 2 and a molecular weight of 5000; the foaming agent is H2O and/or monofluorotrichloromethane; the catalyst is dibutyltin dilaurate and/or 2,4, 6-tri (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol; the chain extender is more than one of diethyl toluene diamine, ethylene glycol and 1, 4-butanediol; the length-diameter ratio of the multi-wall carbon nano tube is more than or equal to 250: 1;
(2) b, preparation of a component: adding 0.01 plus or minus 5 percent of polymerization inhibitor into 50 plus or minus 10 percent of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 50 plus or minus 10 percent of polyamino tetrahydrofuran polyalcohol to obtain a component B; wherein the polymerization inhibitor is diethylene glycol bischloroformate;
(3) respectively preheating the component A and the component B to 50-60 ℃, mixing the component A and the component B according to the mass ratio of 1:1 +/-0.05, starting foaming in a mold preheated to 50-60 ℃, then putting the mold into a 60-70 ℃ oven to heat for 10-30min, and demoulding to obtain the polyurethane foam material.
8. A polyurethane foam according to claim 7, wherein: the diameter of the multi-wall carbon nano tube is 20-40nm, and the length of the multi-wall carbon nano tube is 1-2 mu m.
9. A polyurethane foam according to claim 7, wherein: the surface silanized carbon black is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing carbon black with the particle size of 20-30nm, toluene and excessive silane coupling agent g-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane for reaction for 25-30h at room temperature, centrifugally separating, washing precipitates with ionized water, and grinding and sieving with a 300-mesh sieve to obtain the product.
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