CN112050479A - Automatic high-efficiency solar heat collector - Google Patents
Automatic high-efficiency solar heat collector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112050479A CN112050479A CN202010966706.9A CN202010966706A CN112050479A CN 112050479 A CN112050479 A CN 112050479A CN 202010966706 A CN202010966706 A CN 202010966706A CN 112050479 A CN112050479 A CN 112050479A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- sleeve
- water
- heat collecting
- heat exchange
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
- F24S10/45—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors the enclosure being cylindrical
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/30—Arrangements for connecting the fluid circuits of solar collectors with each other or with other components, e.g. pipe connections; Fluid distributing means, e.g. headers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic high-efficiency solar heat collector, wherein an outer glass tube is of a cylindrical structure, an inner heat collecting sleeve is coaxially sleeved in the outer glass tube, an inner heat conducting water sleeve is arranged in the center of the inner heat collecting sleeve, a plurality of heat exchange cavities are arrayed on the inner side of the inner heat collecting sleeve, a heat exchange component is arranged in each heat exchange cavity, the heat exchange components and the inner heat collecting sleeve are integrally arranged, a communication hole groove is formed in the position, corresponding to the heat exchange components, of the inner heat conducting water sleeve, the heat exchange cavities are communicated with a center hole of the inner heat conducting water sleeve through the communication hole groove so as to form a heat collecting water flow passage, therefore, the heat exchange efficiency of the inner heat exchange with a water medium can be effectively improved, the heat collecting efficiency is improved, the heat collecting efficiency of the solar heat collector is ensured, meanwhile, the heat exchange components are honeycomb hole mechanisms, the axial direction of honeycomb holes is perpendicular to the axial direction of, the heat exchange capacity is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to an automatic high-efficiency solar heat collector, and relates to the field of solar energy correlation.
Background
Along with the attention of people to clean energy, solar energy is more and more applied, especially, solar cells and solar heat collectors are the most main modes for effectively utilizing solar energy at present, wherein the solar heat collectors generally utilize evacuated collector tubes to collect the solar energy, vacuum tubes of the solar heat collectors generally comprise inner tubes and outer tubes, heat absorption coatings are coated on the inner tubes, and vacuumizing is performed between the inner tubes and the outer tubes.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages, the present invention provides an automatic high-efficiency solar heat collector.
The invention is realized in such a way, an automatic high-efficiency solar heat collector is constructed, which comprises a support, a heat collecting water tank, a heat collecting pipe assembly and a communicating pipe assembly, wherein the heat collecting water tank is arranged at the upper end of the support, the heat collecting pipe assembly is supported and connected on the support by adopting an auxiliary supporting rod, and the upper end of the heat collecting pipe assembly is communicated with the heat collecting water tank, the automatic high-efficiency solar heat collector is characterized in that the lower ends of two adjacent heat collecting pipes of the heat collecting pipe assembly are communicated together by adopting the communicating pipe assembly, and the heat collecting pipes comprise an outer glass pipe, an inner heat collecting sleeve and an inner heat conducting water sleeve, wherein the outer glass pipe is of a cylindrical structure, the inner heat collecting sleeve is coaxially sleeved in the outer glass pipe, the inner heat conducting water sleeve is arranged at the center of the inner heat collecting sleeve, a plurality of heat exchange cavities are arranged in an inner side array of, the heat exchange assembly and the inner heat collection sleeve are integrally arranged, the position, corresponding to the heat exchange assembly, of the inner heat conduction water sleeve is provided with a communication hole groove, the communication hole groove is used for communicating the heat exchange cavity with a center hole of the inner heat conduction water sleeve so as to form a hot water collection flow channel, and a heat absorption coating is coated on the outer wall of the inner heat collection sleeve.
Preferably, a heat insulation cavity is formed between the outer wall of the inner heat collection sleeve and the inner wall of the outer glass tube, and the heat insulation cavity is in a vacuum pumping state.
Preferably, the inner heat collecting sleeve is provided with a plurality of grooves on the outer wall coated with the heat absorbing coating, the walls of the grooves are also coated with the heat absorbing coating, and the grooves are configured to enable heat vortex absorbed by the heat absorbing coating on the walls of the grooves to circulate in the grooves.
Further, as preferred, the recess is the arc and extends the recess, and this arc extends the cross section of recess and be concave style of calligraphy structure, just structural and with the tip position that the thermal-insulated chamber communicates of concave style of calligraphy is provided with the extension and keeps off the shoulder.
Further, as preferred, heat exchange component is honeycomb holes mechanism, and the axial direction of honeycomb holes and the axial direction mutually perpendicular's of interior heat conduction water jacket setting.
Further, preferably, the inner heat collecting sleeve, the inner heat conducting water sleeve and the heat exchange assembly are made of heat conducting metal.
Further, preferably, each end point of the outer end of the inner heat collecting sleeve is internally connected with the inner wall of the outer glass tube.
Further, as the preferred, the communicating pipe subassembly is the communicating pipe of U type structure.
Further, as preferred, the one end of thermal-arrest water tank is connected with the inlet tube, the other end of thermal-arrest water tank is provided with the outlet pipe, still be provided with on the thermal-arrest water tank and carry out the temperature sensing and the display that measure to its inside temperature.
Further, as the preferred, still include controller and circulating water pump, circulating water pump connects on inlet tube or outlet pipe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an automatic high-efficiency solar heat collector, wherein an outer glass tube is of a cylindrical structure, an inner heat collecting sleeve is coaxially sleeved in the outer glass tube, an inner heat conducting water sleeve is arranged in the center of the inner heat collecting sleeve, a plurality of heat exchange cavities are arrayed on the inner side of the inner heat collecting sleeve, a heat exchange component is arranged in each heat exchange cavity, the heat exchange components and the inner heat collecting sleeve are integrally arranged, a communication hole groove is formed in the position, corresponding to the heat exchange components, of the inner heat conducting water sleeve, the heat exchange cavities are communicated with the center hole of the inner heat conducting water sleeve through the communication hole groove so as to form a heat collecting water flow passage, therefore, the heat exchange efficiency of the inner heat exchange with a water medium can be effectively improved, the heat collecting efficiency is improved, the heat collecting efficiency of the solar heat collector is ensured, meanwhile, the heat exchange components are honeycomb hole mechanisms, the axial direction of honeycomb holes is perpendicular to the axial direction of, in addition, the outer wall of the inner heat collecting sleeve coated with the heat absorbing coating is provided with a plurality of grooves, and the grooves are designed to enable heat vortex absorbed by the heat absorbing coating on the wall of each groove to circulate in the grooves, so that the heat absorption capacity is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heat collecting tube assembly according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the heat exchange assembly of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides an automatic high-efficiency solar heat collector, which comprises a support 1, a heat collecting water tank 2, a heat collecting pipe assembly 6 and a communicating pipe assembly 8, wherein the heat collecting water tank is arranged at the upper end of the support, the heat collecting pipe assembly 6 is supported and connected on the support by adopting an auxiliary support rod 7, and the upper end of the heat collecting pipe assembly 6 is communicated with the heat collecting water tank 2, and the automatic high-efficiency solar heat collector is characterized in that the lower ends of two adjacent heat collecting pipes of the heat collecting pipe assembly 6 are communicated together by adopting the communicating pipe assembly 8, and the heat collecting pipes comprise an outer glass pipe 9, an inner heat collecting sleeve 10 and an inner heat conducting water sleeve 14, wherein the outer glass pipe is of a cylindrical structure, the inner heat collecting sleeve 10 is coaxially sleeved in the outer glass pipe, the inner heat conducting water sleeve is arranged at the center of the inner heat collecting sleeve 10, a plurality of heat exchange cavities are, and every be provided with heat exchange assembly 11 in the heat transfer chamber, heat exchange assembly with interior thermal-arrest cover is integrative to be set up, just interior heat conduction water jacket corresponds heat exchange assembly's position is provided with the through hole groove, the through hole groove will the heat transfer chamber with the centre bore 15 of interior heat conduction water jacket communicates to constitute and establish to collect the hot water runner, the coating has heat absorption coating 13 on the outer wall of interior thermal-arrest cover.
A heat insulation cavity 17 is formed between the outer wall of the inner heat collection sleeve 10 and the inner wall of the outer glass tube, and the heat insulation cavity is in a vacuum pumping state.
In order to ensure the heat collecting efficiency, a plurality of grooves 12 are formed on the outer wall of the inner heat collecting jacket 10 coated with the heat absorbing coating, and the walls of the grooves are also coated with the heat absorbing coating, and the grooves are configured such that heat vortices absorbed by the heat absorbing coating on the walls of the grooves circulate in the grooves.
The groove is an arc-shaped extending groove, the cross section of the arc-shaped extending groove is of a concave structure, and an extending retaining shoulder is arranged on the concave structure and at the end position communicated with the heat insulation cavity.
In order to improve the heat exchange efficiency, the heat exchange assembly is a honeycomb hole mechanism, and the axial direction of the honeycomb holes is perpendicular to the axial direction of the inner heat conduction water jacket.
The inner heat collecting sleeve 10, the inner heat conducting water sleeve 14 and the heat exchange assembly 11 are all made of heat conducting metal.
The inner heat collecting sleeve 10 is internally connected with the inner wall of the outer glass tube 9 at each end point of the outer end.
The communicating pipe assembly 8 is a communicating pipe with a U-shaped structure.
One end of the heat collection water tank 2 is connected with a water inlet pipe 4, the other end of the heat collection water tank is provided with a water outlet pipe 5, and the heat collection water tank is further provided with a water temperature sensing and displaying device 3 for measuring the water temperature inside the heat collection water tank.
In this embodiment, the water circulation system further comprises a controller and a water circulation pump, wherein the water circulation pump is connected to the water inlet pipe 4 or the water outlet pipe.
The invention provides an automatic high-efficiency solar heat collector, wherein an outer glass tube is of a cylindrical structure, an inner heat collecting sleeve is coaxially sleeved in the outer glass tube, an inner heat conducting water sleeve is arranged in the center of the inner heat collecting sleeve, a plurality of heat exchange cavities are arrayed on the inner side of the inner heat collecting sleeve, a heat exchange component is arranged in each heat exchange cavity, the heat exchange components and the inner heat collecting sleeve are integrally arranged, a communication hole groove is formed in the position, corresponding to the heat exchange components, of the inner heat conducting water sleeve, the heat exchange cavities are communicated with the center hole of the inner heat conducting water sleeve through the communication hole groove so as to form a heat collecting water flow passage, therefore, the heat exchange efficiency of the inner heat exchange with a water medium can be effectively improved, the heat collecting efficiency is improved, the heat collecting efficiency of the solar heat collector is ensured, meanwhile, the heat exchange components are honeycomb hole mechanisms, the axial direction of honeycomb holes is perpendicular to the axial direction of, in addition, the outer wall of the inner heat collecting sleeve coated with the heat absorbing coating is provided with a plurality of grooves, and the grooves are designed to enable heat vortex absorbed by the heat absorbing coating on the wall of each groove to circulate in the grooves, so that the heat absorption capacity is improved.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. An automatic high-efficiency solar heat collector comprises a support (1), a heat collecting water tank (2), a heat collecting pipe assembly (6) and a communicating pipe assembly (8), wherein the heat collecting water tank is arranged at the upper end of the support, the heat collecting pipe assembly (6) is supported and connected to the support through an auxiliary support rod (7), the upper end of the heat collecting pipe assembly (6) is communicated with the heat collecting water tank (2), the automatic high-efficiency solar heat collector is characterized in that the communicating pipe assembly (8) is communicated with the lower ends of two adjacent heat collecting pipes of the heat collecting pipe assembly (6), the heat collecting pipes comprise an outer glass pipe (9), an inner heat collecting sleeve (10) and an inner heat conducting water sleeve (14), the outer glass pipe is of a cylindrical structure, the inner heat collecting sleeve (10) is coaxially sleeved in the outer glass pipe, the inner heat conducting water sleeve is arranged at the center of the inner heat collecting sleeve (10), the inboard array of interior heat collection cover (10) is provided with a plurality of heat transfer chambeies, and every be provided with heat exchange assembly (11) in the heat transfer intracavity, heat exchange assembly with interior heat collection cover is integrative to be set up, just interior heat conduction water jacket corresponds heat exchange assembly's position is provided with the through hole groove, the through hole groove will the heat transfer chamber with the centre bore (15) of interior heat conduction water jacket communicate to constitute and establish to collect hot water runner, it has heat absorption coating (13) to coat on the outer wall of interior heat collection cover.
2. An automated high efficiency solar collector according to claim 1, wherein: and a heat insulation cavity (17) is formed between the outer wall of the inner heat collection sleeve (10) and the inner wall of the outer glass tube, and the heat insulation cavity is in a vacuum pumping state.
3. An automated high efficiency solar collector according to claim 1, wherein: the heat collecting sleeve is characterized in that a plurality of grooves (12) are formed in the outer wall, coated with the heat absorbing coating, of the inner heat collecting sleeve (10), the wall of each groove is also coated with the heat absorbing coating, and the grooves are designed to enable heat eddy currents absorbed by the heat absorbing coatings on the wall of each groove to circulate in the grooves.
4. An automated high efficiency solar collector according to claim 1, wherein: the groove is an arc-shaped extending groove, the cross section of the arc-shaped extending groove is of a concave structure, and an extending blocking shoulder is arranged at the end part of the concave structure communicated with the heat insulation cavity.
5. An automated high efficiency solar collector according to claim 1, wherein: the heat exchange assembly is a honeycomb hole mechanism, and the axial direction of the honeycomb holes is perpendicular to the axial direction of the inner heat conduction water jacket.
6. An automated high efficiency solar collector according to claim 1, wherein: the inner heat collection sleeve (10), the inner heat conduction water sleeve (14) and the heat exchange assembly (11) are all made of heat conduction metals.
7. An automated high efficiency solar collector according to claim 1, wherein: each end point of the outer end of the inner heat collecting sleeve (10) is internally connected with the inner wall of the outer glass tube (9).
8. An automated high efficiency solar collector according to claim 1, wherein: the communicating pipe assembly (8) is a communicating pipe with a U-shaped structure.
9. An automated high efficiency solar collector according to claim 1, wherein: one end of the heat collection water tank (2) is connected with a water inlet pipe (4), the other end of the heat collection water tank is provided with a water outlet pipe (5), and the heat collection water tank is further provided with a water temperature sensing and displaying device (3) for measuring the water temperature inside the heat collection water tank.
10. An automated high efficiency solar collector according to claim 1, wherein: the water circulation device also comprises a controller and a water circulation pump, wherein the water circulation pump is connected to the water inlet pipe (4) or the water outlet pipe.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010966706.9A CN112050479B (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2020-09-15 | Automatic high-efficiency solar heat collector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010966706.9A CN112050479B (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2020-09-15 | Automatic high-efficiency solar heat collector |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112050479A true CN112050479A (en) | 2020-12-08 |
| CN112050479B CN112050479B (en) | 2021-11-19 |
Family
ID=73602820
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010966706.9A Active CN112050479B (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2020-09-15 | Automatic high-efficiency solar heat collector |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112050479B (en) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0004060A1 (en) * | 1978-03-07 | 1979-09-19 | Hans Rodler | Solar collector |
| CN2733257Y (en) * | 2004-09-06 | 2005-10-12 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Vacuum tube solar heat collection device |
| CN101149193A (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2008-03-26 | 河南省科学院能源研究所有限公司 | Solar heat-collector |
| US20110220099A1 (en) * | 2009-11-19 | 2011-09-15 | Michael Flaherty | Insulated structure including cavities holding aerogel connected to a vacuum sustaining unit |
| US20150136361A1 (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-05-21 | Bruce Gregory | Heat Transfer Using Flexible Fluid Conduit |
| CN105910310A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-08-31 | 广州致远合金制品有限公司 | Intermediate-temperature solar heat collecting pipe |
| RU2601321C1 (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2016-11-10 | Андрей Леонидович Шпади | Solar collector tubular panel |
| CN208042540U (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-11-02 | 杨学勇 | Vacuous solar energy heat accumulating pipe and water heater |
-
2020
- 2020-09-15 CN CN202010966706.9A patent/CN112050479B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0004060A1 (en) * | 1978-03-07 | 1979-09-19 | Hans Rodler | Solar collector |
| CN2733257Y (en) * | 2004-09-06 | 2005-10-12 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Vacuum tube solar heat collection device |
| CN101149193A (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2008-03-26 | 河南省科学院能源研究所有限公司 | Solar heat-collector |
| US20110220099A1 (en) * | 2009-11-19 | 2011-09-15 | Michael Flaherty | Insulated structure including cavities holding aerogel connected to a vacuum sustaining unit |
| US20150136361A1 (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-05-21 | Bruce Gregory | Heat Transfer Using Flexible Fluid Conduit |
| RU2601321C1 (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2016-11-10 | Андрей Леонидович Шпади | Solar collector tubular panel |
| CN105910310A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-08-31 | 广州致远合金制品有限公司 | Intermediate-temperature solar heat collecting pipe |
| CN208042540U (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-11-02 | 杨学勇 | Vacuous solar energy heat accumulating pipe and water heater |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112050479B (en) | 2021-11-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN112050479B (en) | Automatic high-efficiency solar heat collector | |
| CN102159903B (en) | Mini-channel tube solar collector | |
| CN105805961A (en) | Compact type solar water heater | |
| CN214701296U (en) | Solar hot water heating string core integrated machine | |
| CN210320238U (en) | Energy storage type superconducting heating equipment | |
| CN200989675Y (en) | Pressure-bearing natural circulating wall hanging solar water heater | |
| CN101344329A (en) | Wall hanging type bearing integral solar water heater | |
| CN111780420A (en) | Main heat exchanger of wall-mounted boiler | |
| CN218155697U (en) | Circulating heat exchange structure of coating machine | |
| CN202013029U (en) | Heat transfer device for heat pipe type solar heat collector | |
| CN218672664U (en) | Micro-channel split type flat plate solar water heater | |
| CN109827341A (en) | A kind of ultra-thin speed heat solar thermal collector | |
| CN201050897Y (en) | Solar heat-collecting tube | |
| CN216281296U (en) | Steam circulation system of solid heat storage boiler | |
| CN215765806U (en) | Light-gathering type micro-channel solar heat collector | |
| CN216557712U (en) | Novel solar heat collector with gravity heat pipe for heat collection | |
| CN218722343U (en) | Flat-plate solar collector based on micro-channel | |
| CN216954661U (en) | Heating and heat-preserving mass flow meter | |
| CN216619776U (en) | Novel groove type solar heat collecting steam device | |
| CN212431362U (en) | Straight-through vacuum glass solar heat collecting tube | |
| CN220338725U (en) | Matrix type solar water heater | |
| WO2010134819A1 (en) | Heat exchanger in particular for solar applications | |
| CN220506757U (en) | Boiler economizer and boiler | |
| CN206113371U (en) | Built -in coaxial metal heat transfer sheathed tube full -glass vacuum solar heat -collecting tube | |
| CN217179381U (en) | High finned tube of bending |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |