CN112049109A - Cast-in-place pile construction method - Google Patents

Cast-in-place pile construction method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112049109A
CN112049109A CN202010840020.5A CN202010840020A CN112049109A CN 112049109 A CN112049109 A CN 112049109A CN 202010840020 A CN202010840020 A CN 202010840020A CN 112049109 A CN112049109 A CN 112049109A
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pile
fluid
hole
auger stem
drilling
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尹维超
吴会芳
徐金鹏
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Zhejiang Yili Construction Engineering Co ltd
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Zhejiang Yili Construction Engineering Co ltd
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22Piles
    • E02D5/34Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D13/00Accessories for placing or removing piles or bulkheads, e.g. noise attenuating chambers
    • E02D13/08Removing obstacles
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D15/00Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
    • E02D15/02Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
    • E02D15/04Placing concrete in mould-pipes, pile tubes, bore-holes or narrow shafts
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/22Rods or pipes with helical structure

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a cast-in-place pile construction method, which comprises the following steps: drilling: drilling a hole in the construction site by using an auger stem until the drilling depth of the auger stem reaches the pile length, wherein the auger stem provides centrifugal force for the drillings so that the drillings are screwed out of the pile hole along the helical blades of the auger stem; pile fixing: lifting the auger stem out of the pile hole after drilling is finished, wherein in the drilling lifting process, fluid is conveyed into the pile hole from a hollow pipeline of the auger stem, the drilling lifting speed is in direct proportion to the conveying speed of the fluid, and the conveying pressure of the fluid is kept at 1-2 MPa in the drilling lifting process; 3) hole cleaning: and after the auger stem is lifted out of the pile hole, putting a reinforcement cage into the pile hole, and emptying the fluid in the pile hole by utilizing vacuum suction to clean the hole. Has the advantages that: the pile-forming precision is high, and the verticality and the bearing capacity of the pile foundation are good.

Description

Cast-in-place pile construction method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to a cast-in-place pile construction method.
Background
In recent years, with the progress of building grouping, heavy construction, high-rise construction, and super high-rise construction, higher demands have been made on the single-pile bearing capacity of cast-in-place piles. The bearing capacity of a single pile of the cast-in-place pile mainly depends on the resistance of foundation soil to the pile on the premise of sufficient concrete strength of a pile body, and different piles adopting a hole forming method also have certain changes in the same soil layer; the limit value of the bearing force of the pile end soil mainly depends on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil of the bearing stratum and the depth of the pile body embedded into the bearing stratum. However, the construction quality is good in that whether the hole bottom sediment or the deficient soil can be effectively controlled, and the exertion of end bearing force has a determining influence.
The cast-in-place piles in the current market are basically three common construction processes, namely a positive-circulation cast-in-place pile, a rotary digging cast-in-place pile and a rarely adopted long spiral vibrating cast-in-place pile.
The positive circulation bored pile adopts a rotary millstone to drill, slurry is conveyed into a pile hole by a vertical impeller pump through a drill rod, the slurry containing gravel and soil is taken as a carrying body to flow back to a slurry tank, the separated high-quality slurry is repeatedly used by slurry purification equipment or natural sedimentation, a large amount (300%) of slurry is generated, the slurry cannot be transported, the environmental pollution is caused, the hole is cleaned by the vertical impeller pump after the pile is drilled to the required length, a reinforcement cage is arranged after the hole is cleaned, a guide pipe is arranged for grouting, and the pile is formed and maintained to the required age.
Digging the hole filling pile by adopting a rotary drilling rig to dig in the soil, utilizing a telescopic drill rod to embed a cylinder type drill bit to take the soil, repeating the reciprocating action until the pile is long, wherein the pile wall is loosened due to the fact that the pile is moved up and down for N times, the efficiency is lower when the pile is long, a loose soil layer exists at the bottom of the pile, digging the pile to the required length, then placing a reinforcement cage, placing a guide pipe for grouting, and maintaining the pile to the required age.
The vibration filling pile adopts a long spiral drilling machine to drill, utilizes spiral blades on a drill rod to screw out soil gravel, when the pile is drilled to the requirement of the pile length, the drill rod is lifted out, a guide pipe is put in for filling, a reinforcement cage is placed after the filling, a vibration hammer is installed to vibrate the reinforcement cage into the filled pile hole, and the pile is formed and maintained to the required age.
The pile-forming quality inspection mainly comprises three procedures of pore forming, pore cleaning, reinforcement cage manufacturing and placing, concrete pouring and the like, and the special key procedures comprise pore forming, concrete pouring and reinforcement cage placing. For the hole digging cast-in-place pile, collapse and diameter expansion are easy to occur on a soft bottom layer, and an interlayer is easy to occur in the grouting process. In practical engineering application, the defects and shortcomings are usually overcome by increasing the pile diameter and the pile length, so that the construction cost is increased, the construction is not economical, and the vibration-grouting pile is characterized in that the reinforcement cage is placed after the reinforcement cage is placed, so that the problems of improper placement of the reinforcement cage, inclined placement and cracking of the reinforcement cage and the like are particularly easy to occur when the reinforcement cage is placed through vibration, the construction difficulty is increased, and the quality is difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method of a cast-in-place pile, which can reinforce the pile wall and can not generate an interlayer in the grouting process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a cast-in-place pile construction method comprises the steps of drilling, pile fixing and hole cleaning:
the drilling step, drilling on the construction site by using an auger stem until the drilling depth of the auger stem reaches the pile length, wherein the auger stem provides centrifugal force for the drillings so that the drillings are screwed out of the pile hole along the helical blades of the auger stem;
the pile fixing step, namely lifting the auger stem out of the pile hole after drilling is finished, conveying fluid into the pile hole from a hollow pipeline of the auger stem in the drilling lifting process, wherein the drilling lifting speed is in direct proportion to the conveying speed of the fluid, and the conveying pressure of the fluid is kept at 1-2 MPa in the drilling lifting process;
the hole cleaning step comprises a throwing sub-step and a clearing sub-step;
in the step of putting, after the auger stem is lifted out of the pile hole, a reinforcement cage is put into the pile hole;
and in the emptying sub-step, after the reinforcement cage is placed in the pile hole, the fluid in the pile hole is emptied by using vacuum suction.
Preferably, the cast-in-place pile construction method further comprises a fluid circulation step,
and taking the fluid sucked out of the pile hole by using vacuum suction in the emptying sub-step as a first fluid, and conveying the first fluid back to the hollow pipeline of the auger stem by using a fluid pump in the fluid circulating step.
Preferably, a sand removing step is further provided between the emptying substep and the fluid circulation step, the emptying substep removes sand from the first fluid obtained in the emptying substep to obtain a new first fluid, and the new first fluid is used as the first fluid input in the fluid circulation step.
Preferably, a buffer cavity is arranged at one end, away from the drill bit, of the auger stem, the buffer cavity is communicated with the hollow pipeline of the auger stem, the fluid pump is communicated with the buffer cavity through a fluid pipe, and in the fluid circulation step, a first fluid is conveyed to the buffer cavity by the fluid pump and then flows to the hollow pipeline of the auger stem.
Preferably, the fluid is water.
Preferably, the fluid is a slurry.
Preferably, in the emptying sub-step, the fluid in the pile hole is emptied by using a vacuum reverse circulation pump and a conduit, a vacuum suction port of the conduit is firstly arranged at a position 0.5-3 m away from the pile bottom of the pile hole, and when the height difference of the fluid in the pile hole higher than the vacuum suction port of the conduit is less than 0.1-2 m, the conduit moves towards the pile bottom of the pile hole so as to empty the fluid in the pile hole.
Preferably, in the pile fixing step, the drilling speed is recorded as v1, the conveying speed of the fluid is v2, the diameter of the hollow pipeline of the auger stem is d1, the diameter of the pile hole is d2,
Figure BDA0002639874700000031
preferably, in the sub-step of putting, the reinforcement cage is put into the pile hole by a crane.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the centrifugal force is generated when the spiral drill rod drills, and the drilling objects such as soil, gravel and the like do not generate slurry along the spiral blade of the spiral drill rod in the drilling process, so that compared with a positive circulation drilling cast-in-place pile, the construction method greatly reduces the slurry treatment cost and has high drilling speed;
2. after fluid is conveyed to a pile hole from a hollow pipeline of the spiral drill rod by high pressure, the fluid in the pile hole generates turbulent flow, gravel or stones generated by drilling and adhered to the pile wall are flushed away from the pile wall by the turbulent flow and stay in the fluid, so that the pile wall is cleaned, and the pile forming precision is high after pile filling;
3. the fluid pressed in from the drill bit of the screw drill rod at high speed generates large impact force to the pile bottom, and the pile bottom is further tamped. The pile bottom generates reaction force to the fluid, the fluid in the pile hole generates turbulence, the turbulence breaks away broken stones or loose soil deposited at the pile bottom to prevent the broken stones or the loose soil from being condensed into a virtual pile, the turbulence provides upward thrust for gravel or stone in the pile hole to prevent the gravel or the stone from being deposited and accumulated downwards, and the perpendicularity and the bearing capacity of the pile foundation are improved;
4. the fluid penetrates into soil body along the gaps of the pile wall to fill gaps, and the soil body on the sides of the pile is compacted to promote the soil body to be agglomerated, so that the soil body strength of a pile hole bearing layer is improved, and the bearing capacity of the cast-in-place pile is improved;
5. after the fluid is injected, the drilling work of the next pile hole can be immediately carried out, the waiting for the injection of the concrete is not needed, and the high construction speed can be still kept under the condition that the supply of the concrete is not timely.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the construction method of the present invention.
The reference numerals are explained below: 1. a vacuum reverse circulation pump; 2. a desander; 3. a fluid tank; 4. pulping; 5. a fluid pump; 6. a auger stem.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. In which like parts are designated by like reference numerals. It should be noted that as used in the following description, the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "upper," and "lower" refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "bottom" and "top," "inner," and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, a cast-in-place pile construction method includes a drilling step, a pile fixing step and a hole cleaning step:
and a drilling step of drilling on the site by using the auger stem 6 until the drilling depth of the auger stem 6 reaches the pile length, wherein the auger stem 6 provides centrifugal force for the drillings so that the drillings are screwed out of the pile hole along the helical blades of the auger stem 6. Slurry is not generated in the drilling process, and compared with a positive circulation cast-in-situ bored pile, the construction method greatly reduces the slurry treatment cost and has high drilling speed;
and a pile fixing step, namely lifting the auger stem 6 out of the pile hole after drilling is finished, wherein in the drilling lifting process, fluid is conveyed into the pile hole from a hollow pipeline of the auger stem 6, the drilling lifting speed is in direct proportion to the conveying speed of the fluid, and the conveying pressure of the fluid is kept at 1-2 MPa in the drilling lifting process. After the fluid is conveyed from the hollow pipeline of the auger stem 6 to the pile hole under high pressure, the fluid in the pile hole generates turbulent flow, gravel or stones generated by drilling and adhered to the pile wall are washed away from the pile wall by the turbulent flow and stay in the fluid, and therefore the cleaning of the pile wall is realized. The fluid pressed downwards from the drill bit of the auger stem 6 at high speed generates large impact force on the pile bottom, and the pile bottom is further tamped. The pile bottom generates reaction force to the fluid, the fluid in the pile hole generates turbulence, and the turbulence breaks away broken stones or loose soil deposited at the pile bottom to prevent the broken stones or the loose soil from being condensed into 'loose piles', so that the perpendicularity and the bearing capacity of the pile foundation are improved. And the turbulence provides upward thrust for the gravel or rock in the pile bore, preventing its downward deposition and accumulation. The fluid penetrates into soil body along the gaps of the pile wall to fill gaps and compact pile side soil, so that the soil body is caused to be agglomerated, the soil body strength of a pile hole bearing layer is improved, and the bearing capacity of the cast-in-place pile is improved;
the hole cleaning step comprises a throwing sub-step and a clearing sub-step;
and a throwing sub-step, namely after the spiral drill rod 6 is lifted out of the pile hole, putting the reinforcement cage into the pile hole. After the auger stem 6 is lifted out of the pile hole, the pile hole is filled with fluid, and gravel or stones and other particles are suspended in the fluid, so that no virtual soil is generated in the process of placing the reinforcement cage into the pile hole, and the placing of the reinforcement cage does not cause negative influence on the accuracy of the pile;
and a emptying sub-step, namely emptying the fluid in the pile hole by using a vacuum reverse circulation pump 1 after the reinforcement cage is placed in the pile hole. In the process of cleaning the pile hole by using the vacuum reverse circulation pump 1, the reinforcement cage provides supporting force for the pile wall, and the pile wall is prevented from collapsing under the action of vacuum suction. After hole cleaning is finished, the surface of the pile wall is made of viscous slurry, so that no interlayer is generated in the pile grouting process, and the bearing capacity of the formed pile is good. After the fluid is injected, the drilling work of the next pile hole can be immediately carried out, the concrete does not need to be injected, and the construction speed can be kept high under the condition that the concrete is not supplied timely;
a desanding step, namely taking the fluid obtained in the emptying substep as a first fluid, and desanding the first fluid to obtain a new first fluid;
and a fluid circulation step of conveying the first fluid after sand removal to the fluid tank 3 through the fluid pipe, then conveying the first fluid in the fluid tank 3 to the buffer cavity by the fluid pump 5, and then conveying the first fluid to the hollow pipeline of the auger stem 6 from the buffer cavity. The pulper 4 prepares the first fluid for transfer to the fluid tank 3 and makes a timely replenishment of the lost first fluid.
The difference from example 1 is that: the fluid is water.
Example 3:
the difference from example 1 is that: the slurry is mud.
A cast-in-place pile construction method comprises the steps of drilling, pile fixing and hole cleaning:
the drilling step, drilling on the construction site by using the auger stem 6 until the drilling depth of the auger stem 6 reaches the pile length, wherein the auger stem 6 provides centrifugal force for the drillings so that the drillings are screwed out of the pile hole along the helical blades of the auger stem 6;
and in the pile fixing step, after drilling is finished, the auger stem 6 is lifted out of the pile hole, in the process of lifting the drill, mud is conveyed into the pile hole from the hollow pipeline of the auger stem 6, the lifting speed is recorded as v1, the conveying speed of the mud is v2, the diameter of the hollow pipeline of the auger stem 6 is d1, the diameter of the pile hole is d2, and v2 is ((v1 × d2)/d1, (1.2v1 × d2)/d 1). And the conveying pressure of the slurry is kept at 1-2 MPa in the drill lifting process. In the process of lifting the drill, a drill bit (an outlet of the hollow pipeline) of the spiral drill rod 6 is always in slurry, the turbulent flow can provide upward thrust for gravel or stones in a pile hole, but the turbulent flow cannot impact the local part of the pile wall, and the uniformity of the diameter of the pile hole and the stability of the pile wall are not influenced while particles such as the gravel or the stones are dispersed;
the hole cleaning step comprises a throwing sub-step and a clearing sub-step;
in the step of putting, after the auger stem 6 is lifted out of the pile hole, a reinforcement cage is put into the pile hole by using a crane;
and in the emptying sub-step, after the reinforcement cage is placed in the pile hole, the fluid in the pile hole is emptied by using vacuum suction. The pile hole is cleaned through the guide pipe, the vacuum suction port of the guide pipe is arranged at a position 0.5-3 m away from the pile bottom of the pile hole, and when the height difference of the mud in the pile hole, which is higher than the vacuum suction port of the guide pipe, is smaller than 0.1-2 m, the guide pipe moves towards the pile bottom of the pile hole so that the mud in the pile hole is emptied. When the vacuum suction port of the guide pipe is arranged at a position 0.5-3 m away from the pile bottom of the pile hole, slurry positioned below the vacuum suction port is sucked by the guide pipe, the slurry forms an upstream flow stream flowing upwards along the guide pipe, fluid positioned in the circumferential direction of the guide pipe flows downwards to form a downstream flow stream, downward impact force is provided for the pile bottom, a small amount of particles such as gravel or stones staying on the pile wall flow downwards along with the downstream flow stream, the downstream flow stream scours the pile wall in the flowing process, the surface of the pile wall through which the downstream flow stream flows is smooth, and the pile forming precision after pile filling is high. A small amount of gravel or stone and other particles virtually floating on the surface of the pile bottom and slurry pressed into the slurry in the drill lifting process flow upwards on the gravel or stone and other particles pressed into the pile bottom, so that the accumulation of particle substances at the pile bottom can be thoroughly avoided, and the bearing capacity of the cast-in-place pile is effectively improved;
and a fluid circulation step of conveying the first fluid after sand removal to the fluid tank 3 through the fluid pipe, then conveying the first fluid in the fluid tank 3 to the buffer cavity by the fluid pump 5, and then conveying the first fluid to the hollow pipeline of the auger stem 6 from the buffer cavity. The pulper 4 prepares the first fluid for transfer to the fluid tank 3 and makes a timely replenishment of the lost first fluid.
While one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A cast-in-place pile construction method is characterized by comprising the steps of drilling, pile fixing and hole cleaning:
the drilling step, drilling on the construction site by using an auger stem (6) until the drilling depth of the auger stem (6) reaches the pile length, wherein the auger stem (6) provides centrifugal force for the drillings so that the drillings are screwed out of the pile hole along the helical blades of the auger stem (6);
the pile fixing step, namely lifting the auger stem (6) out of the pile hole after drilling is finished, wherein in the drilling lifting process, fluid is conveyed into the pile hole from a hollow pipeline of the auger stem (6), the drilling lifting speed is in direct proportion to the conveying speed of the fluid, and the conveying pressure of the fluid is kept at 1-2 MPa in the drilling lifting process;
the hole cleaning step comprises a throwing sub-step and a clearing sub-step;
in the releasing substep, after the auger stem (6) is lifted out of the pile hole, a reinforcement cage is put into the pile hole;
and in the emptying sub-step, after the reinforcement cage is placed in the pile hole, the fluid in the pile hole is emptied by using vacuum suction.
2. The cast-in-place pile construction method according to claim 1, further comprising a fluid circulation step,
and taking the fluid sucked out of the pile hole by using vacuum suction in the emptying sub-step as a first fluid, and conveying the first fluid back to the hollow pipeline of the auger stem (6) through a fluid pump (5) in the fluid circulating step.
3. A cast-in-place pile construction method according to claim 2, wherein a desanding step is further provided between the emptying substep and the fluid circulation step, the emptying substep desands the first fluid obtained in the emptying substep to obtain a new first fluid, and the new first fluid is used as the first fluid input in the fluid circulation step.
4. A cast-in-place pile construction method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that a buffer chamber is arranged at the end of the auger stem (6) facing away from the drill bit, the buffer chamber is communicated with the hollow pipeline of the auger stem (6), the fluid pump (5) is communicated with the buffer chamber through a fluid pipe, and in the fluid circulation step, the first fluid is conveyed to the buffer chamber by the fluid pump (5) and then flows to the hollow pipeline of the auger stem (6).
5. A cast-in-place pile construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fluid is water.
6. A method of constructing a bored pile according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fluid is a slurry.
7. A cast-in-place pile construction method according to claim 1, wherein in the emptying sub-step, the fluid in the pile hole is emptied by using a vacuum reverse circulation pump (1) and a conduit, a vacuum suction port of the conduit is first located 0.5-3 m away from the pile bottom of the pile hole, and when the height of the fluid in the pile hole is higher than the height difference of the vacuum suction port of the conduit by less than 0.1-2 m, the conduit moves towards the pile bottom of the pile hole to empty the fluid in the pile hole.
8. A cast-in-place pile construction method as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the pile-fixing step, the drilling speed is recorded as v1, the delivery rate of the fluid is v2, the diameter of the hollow pipeline of the auger stem (6) is d1, and the diameter of the pile hole is d2, v2 ═(v1 × d2)/d1, (1.2v1 × d2)/d 1).
9. A cast-in-place pile construction method according to claim 1, wherein the sub-step of dropping comprises using a crane to drop the reinforcement cage into the pile hole.
CN202010840020.5A 2020-08-19 2020-08-19 Cast-in-place pile construction method Pending CN112049109A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000297430A (en) * 1999-04-15 2000-10-24 Seijiro Nishioka Cast-in-place concrete pile by pulling out steel pipe form
CN101328709A (en) * 2007-06-20 2008-12-24 上海塔奇实业有限公司 Borehole cleaning method and apparatus for fast reverse circulation by using high pressure air
CN103850249A (en) * 2014-03-25 2014-06-11 陕西桩鑫建设工程有限公司 Construction technology for long-spiral cast-in-place pile extruded into rock

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000297430A (en) * 1999-04-15 2000-10-24 Seijiro Nishioka Cast-in-place concrete pile by pulling out steel pipe form
CN101328709A (en) * 2007-06-20 2008-12-24 上海塔奇实业有限公司 Borehole cleaning method and apparatus for fast reverse circulation by using high pressure air
CN103850249A (en) * 2014-03-25 2014-06-11 陕西桩鑫建设工程有限公司 Construction technology for long-spiral cast-in-place pile extruded into rock

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Title
中国建筑工程总公司: "《地基与基础工程施工工艺标准 ZJQ00-SG-008-2003》", 30 November 2003, 中国建筑工业出版社 *
叶群等: "冲(钻)孔灌注桩泥浆净化装置清孔工艺", 《科技创新与应用》 *
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Application publication date: 20201208