CN112048984A - Steel truss girder segment and installation method thereof - Google Patents

Steel truss girder segment and installation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112048984A
CN112048984A CN202010839038.3A CN202010839038A CN112048984A CN 112048984 A CN112048984 A CN 112048984A CN 202010839038 A CN202010839038 A CN 202010839038A CN 112048984 A CN112048984 A CN 112048984A
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China
Prior art keywords
steel truss
chord
cantilever
erected
truss girder
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Pending
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CN202010839038.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
秦顺全
周子明
苑仁安
徐伟
高宗余
郑清刚
傅战工
张金涛
李少骏
付岚岚
张皓清
张锐
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China Railway Major Bridge Reconnaissance and Design Institute Co Ltd
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China Railway Major Bridge Reconnaissance and Design Institute Co Ltd
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Application filed by China Railway Major Bridge Reconnaissance and Design Institute Co Ltd filed Critical China Railway Major Bridge Reconnaissance and Design Institute Co Ltd
Priority to CN202010839038.3A priority Critical patent/CN112048984A/en
Publication of CN112048984A publication Critical patent/CN112048984A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D6/00Truss-type bridges
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D12/00Bridges characterised by a combination of structures not covered as a whole by a single one of groups E01D2/00 - E01D11/00
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D21/00Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/30Metal

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge construction, in particular to a steel truss girder segment and an installation method thereof. This steel longeron section includes: the two groups of upper chord groups and lower chord groups are arranged, the upper chord groups comprise two upper chords, and the lower chord groups comprise two lower chords; the vertical web member is arranged between the upper chord and the lower chord on each side, the two ends of the vertical web member are respectively connected with the upper chord and the lower chord, the vertical web member divides the upper chord and the lower chord into a first cantilever and a second cantilever, and the length of the first cantilever is larger than that of the second cantilever. When the steel truss girder erection crane is erected, the girder erection crane runs to the vertical web member at the outermost side of the erected steel truss girder section, so that the length of the second cantilever is shortened, the extending distance of the girder erection crane is lengthened, the length of the cantilever of the girder erection crane can be reduced, the girder erection crane is lighter and lighter, and the weight of the girder erection crane is reduced. The steel truss girder segment erection device can solve the problem that when the existing steel truss girder segment is erected, a huge girder erection crane is needed, and therefore a heavier and stronger steel truss girder segment is needed, so that vicious circle is caused.

Description

Steel truss girder segment and installation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bridge construction, in particular to a steel truss girder segment and an installation method thereof.
Background
The steel truss girder cable-stayed bridge needs to form a main girder by splicing a plurality of sections of steel truss girder segments. The existing super-kilometer steel truss girder cable-stayed bridge adopts a mode of hoisting two integral sections through a girder erection crane in the process of erecting a main girder.
The existing steel truss girder sections are divided in a mode that the lengths of cantilevers at two ends are equal, and the girder erection crane cannot walk to the cantilever part of the steel truss girder without a web member, namely cannot walk to the end part of an erected bridge.
However, with the continuous increase of the span of the large-span steel truss girder cable-stayed bridge in China, in order to ensure the construction safety, a larger girder erection crane needs to be designed to meet the hoisting requirements of heavier and heavier main girder segments. The larger girder erection crane increases the size of the main girder rod piece, and finally causes vicious circle.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a steel truss girder segment and an installation method thereof, which solve the problem of vicious circle caused by the fact that a huge girder erection crane is needed when the existing steel truss girder segment is erected, and a heavier girder erection crane needs a heavier and stronger steel truss girder segment.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, the present invention provides a steel truss section comprising:
the upper chord group comprises two upper chords which are arranged at intervals, and the lower chord group comprises two lower chords which are arranged at intervals;
every side be equipped with one at least between last chord member and the lower chord and erect the web member, its both ends are connected respectively and are corresponded the setting go up chord member and lower chord member, erect the web member will go up chord member and lower chord member and divide out first cantilever and second cantilever, just the length of first cantilever is greater than the length of second cantilever.
On the basis of the technical scheme, two vertical web members are arranged on each side at intervals between the upper chord member and the lower chord member, a first oblique web member is arranged between the two vertical web members, and two ends of the first oblique web member are respectively connected with the upper chord member and the lower chord member and are connected with the two vertical web members.
On the basis of the technical scheme, each side still be equipped with oblique web member of second and oblique web member of third between last chord member and the lower chord member, the one end of oblique web member of second with first cantilever is to nearest one erect the web member with the lower chord member junction is connected, and the other end extends to one side and flushes with first cantilever, the one end of third oblique web member with second cantilever is to nearest one erect the web member with the last chord member junction is connected, and the other end extends to one side and flushes with the second cantilever.
On the basis of the technical scheme, an upper bridge deck system is arranged between the two upper chords, and the upper chords on one side of the first cantilever are connected with the upper bridge deck system through bolts.
On the basis of the technical scheme, a cross beam is arranged between the vertical web members on the two sides and is used for supporting the upper bridge deck system.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the cross beam is a truss type cross beam.
On the basis of the technical scheme, a lower bridge deck system is arranged between the two lower chords, and the lower chords on one side of the first cantilever are connected with the lower bridge deck system through bolts.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a method for installing a steel truss girder segment, comprising the steps of:
moving the girder erection crane to a first cantilever to hoist the steel truss girder segment to be erected, and enabling the first cantilever to be positioned on one side of the erected steel truss girder segment;
adjusting the positions of an upper chord and a lower chord of the steel truss girder segment to be erected, and connecting the steel truss girder segment to be erected to the erected steel truss girder segment;
and hoisting the next steel truss girder segment to be erected until the whole main girder is erected.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the method for adjusting the positions of the upper chord member and the lower chord member of the steel truss girder segment to be erected and connecting the steel truss girder segment to be erected to the erected steel truss girder segment specifically comprises the following steps:
dismounting bolts connecting the upper chord and the upper bridge deck system and the lower chord and the lower bridge deck system on one side of the first cantilever, and adjusting the positions of the upper chord and the lower chord to meet the splicing precision;
splicing and welding an upper chord and a lower chord of a steel truss girder segment to be erected and already erected;
and welding the upper chord and the upper bridge deck system and welding the lower chord and the lower bridge deck system.
On the basis of the technical scheme, when the steel truss girder segment to be erected is hung to the installation position through the girder erection crane, the girder erection crane runs to the vertical web member at the outermost side of the erected steel truss girder segment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: adopt this steel truss girder segment section to equal the length of the second cantilever and the first cantilever of steel truss girder segment section in the past, change the cantilever length of first cantilever into being greater than the division mode that shortens the cantilever length of second cantilever, can make the frame beam loop wheel machine travel to the perpendicular web member department in the steel truss girder segment section that has erect outside, make the length of second cantilever shorten, can make the reach of frame beam loop wheel machine lengthen, consequently, can reduce frame beam loop wheel machine cantilever length, make the frame beam loop wheel machine lighter, reduce self weight, in addition, can make the frame beam loop wheel machine fore-stock counter-force reduce, reduce the member size.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic transverse structural view of a steel truss section in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal structural view of a steel truss section according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the installation of a steel girder segment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an upper chord; 2. a lower chord; 3. a vertical web member; 41. a first diagonal web member; 42. a second diagonal web member; 43. a third diagonal web member; 5. an upper bridge deck system; 6. a cross beam; 7. a lower bridge deck system; 8. a beam erecting crane.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic transverse structural view of a steel truss section in an embodiment of the invention; as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a steel truss section comprising: the device comprises two groups of upper chord groups and two groups of lower chord groups which are arranged at intervals, wherein each upper chord group comprises two upper chords 1 which are arranged at intervals, and each lower chord group comprises two lower chords 2 which are arranged at intervals; at least one vertical web member 3 is arranged between the upper chord member 1 and the lower chord member 2 on each side, the two ends of the vertical web member are respectively connected with the upper chord member 1 and the lower chord member 2 which are correspondingly arranged, the vertical web member 3 divides the upper chord member 1 and the lower chord member 2 into a first cantilever and a second cantilever, and the length of the first cantilever is greater than that of the second cantilever.
When a bridge is erected, the steel truss girder sections are erected, the steel truss girder sections to be erected are hung to the installation position through a girder erection crane 8, the girder erection crane 8 runs to the vertical web member 3 on the outermost side of the erected steel truss girder sections, and a first cantilever of the steel truss girder sections to be erected is located on one side of the erected steel truss girder sections; adjusting the positions of an upper chord 1 and a lower chord 2 of the steel truss girder segment to be erected, and connecting the steel truss girder segment to be erected to the erected steel truss girder segment; and repeating the steps until all the steel truss girder sections are erected. This steel truss girder segment will be in the past the second cantilever of steel truss girder segment and the length of first cantilever equals, change the cantilever length of first cantilever into being greater than the division mode that shortens the cantilever length of second cantilever, can make the frame beam loop wheel machine travel to the perpendicular web member 3 department in the steel truss girder segment that has erect outside, make the length of second cantilever shorten, consequently, frame beam loop wheel machine cantilever length reduces, make the frame beam loop wheel machine lighter, reduce self weight, in addition, can make frame beam loop wheel machine front pivot counter-force reduce, reduce the member size.
For example, in some embodiments, the length of the whole steel truss girder segment is 14m, and the cantilever length is set to 9.8m and 4.2m for segment division at the first cantilever and the second cantilever respectively. By the design, the self weight of the frame beam crane can be reduced by 20%, the counter force of the frame beam crane to the front fulcrum of the main beam can be reduced by 15%, and the size of the rod piece can be reduced by 10%. Has important significance for saving material consumption and improving construction efficiency.
In some alternative embodiments, two vertical web members 3 are arranged between the upper chord 1 and the lower chord 2 on each side at intervals, a first diagonal web member 41 is arranged between the two vertical web members 3, and two ends of the first diagonal web member 4 are respectively connected with the upper chord 1 and the lower chord 2 and connected with the two vertical web members 3.
In this embodiment, the length of the steel truss section can be properly increased by arranging the two vertical web members 3, so that the construction efficiency is improved, and the size of the member bar is not increased. The first diagonal web member 41 is arranged between the two vertical web members 3, so that the strength of the steel truss girder segment can be increased.
In some optional embodiments, a second diagonal web member 42 and a third diagonal web member 43 are further arranged between the upper chord member 1 and the lower chord member 2 on each side, one end of the second diagonal web member 42 is connected with the joint of the first cantilever to the nearest vertical web member 3 and the lower chord member 2, the other end extends obliquely upwards and is flush with the first cantilever, one end of the third diagonal web member 43 is connected with the joint of the second cantilever to the nearest vertical web member 3 and the upper chord member 1, and the other end extends obliquely downwards and is flush with the second cantilever.
In this embodiment, a second diagonal web member 42 and a third diagonal web member 43 are further disposed between the upper chord 1 and the lower chord 2 on each side for connecting the steel truss section to be spliced and the spliced steel truss section, so that the connection is firmer and the strength is higher.
FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal structural view of a steel truss section according to an embodiment of the present invention; in some alternative embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, an upper deck system 5 is provided between two upper chords 1, and the upper chords 1 and the upper deck system 5 are connected by bolts.
In this embodiment, the upper chord member 1 is connected with the upper bridge deck system 5 through the bolt, when the steel truss girder segments to be spliced are spliced, the bolt for connecting the upper chord member 1 with the upper bridge deck system 5 by the first cantilever is dismounted, the position of the upper chord member 1 is adjusted to meet the splicing precision, and then the upper chord members 1 of the steel truss girder segments to be erected and erected are spliced and welded, so that the position of the upper chord member 1 in the steel truss girder segments to be erected can be conveniently adjusted through the design.
In some alternative embodiments, a cross beam 6 is provided between the vertical web members 3, and the cross beam 6 is used for supporting the upper deck system 5.
In some alternative embodiments, the cross beam 6 is a truss-like cross beam.
In this embodiment, the cross beams 6 are disposed between the vertical web members 3 on both sides, and can be used to support the upper deck system 5, so as to improve the stress strength of the upper deck system 5. The truss type cross beam can be adopted to ensure that the connection between the vertical web members 3 at the two sides is more stable.
In some alternative embodiments, a lower deck system 7 is arranged between the two lower chords 2, and the lower chords 2 and the lower deck system 7 are connected through bolts.
In this embodiment, the lower chord 2 and the lower deck system 7 are connected by bolts, when the steel truss girder segments to be spliced are spliced, the bolts for connecting the lower chord 2 and the lower deck system 7 by the first cantilever are dismounted, the position of the lower chord 2 is adjusted to meet the splicing precision, and then the lower chord 2 of the steel truss girder segments to be erected and erected is spliced and welded, so that the position of the upper chord 1 in the steel truss girder segments to be erected can be conveniently adjusted.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view illustrating installation of a steel truss girder segment according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, the present invention further provides an installation method of a steel truss girder segment, including the following steps:
s1: moving the girder erection crane to a first cantilever to hoist the steel truss girder segment to be erected, and enabling the first cantilever to be positioned on one side of the erected steel truss girder segment;
s2: adjusting the positions of an upper chord and a lower chord of the steel truss girder segment to be erected, and connecting the steel truss girder segment to be erected to the erected steel truss girder segment;
s3: and hoisting the next steel truss girder segment to be erected until the whole main girder is erected.
When a steel truss girder segment is erected, the girder erection crane is moved to a first cantilever to hoist the steel truss girder segment to be erected, the first cantilever is positioned at one side of the erected steel truss girder segment, the girder erection crane 8 is driven to a vertical web member 3 at the outermost side of the erected steel truss girder segment, and the first cantilever of the steel truss girder segment to be erected is positioned at one side of the erected steel truss girder segment; adjusting the positions of an upper chord 1 and a lower chord 2 of the steel truss girder segment to be erected, and connecting the steel truss girder segment to be erected to the erected steel truss girder segment; and repeating the steps until all the steel truss girder sections are erected. This steel truss girder segment will be in the past the second cantilever of steel truss girder segment and the length of first cantilever equals, change the cantilever length of first cantilever into being greater than the division mode that shortens the cantilever length of second cantilever, can make the frame beam loop wheel machine travel to the perpendicular web member 3 department in the steel truss girder segment that has erect outside, make the length of second cantilever shorten, consequently, frame beam loop wheel machine cantilever length reduces, make the frame beam loop wheel machine lighter, reduce self weight, in addition, can make frame beam loop wheel machine front pivot counter-force reduce, reduce the member size.
In some optional embodiments, the upper chord 1 is connected with the upper bridge deck 5 through a bolt, the lower chord 2 is connected with the lower bridge deck 7 through a bolt, the positions of the upper chord 1 and the lower chord 2 of the steel truss girder segment to be erected are adjusted, and the steel truss girder segment to be erected is connected to the erected steel truss girder segment, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s21: dismounting bolts connecting the upper chord 1 and the upper bridge deck system and connecting the lower chord 2 and the lower bridge deck system 7 at one side of the first cantilever, and adjusting the positions of the upper chord 1 and the lower chord 2 to meet the splicing precision;
s22: splicing and welding an upper chord 1 and a lower chord 2 of a steel truss girder segment to be erected and erected;
s23: and welding the upper chord 1 with the upper bridge deck system 5 and welding the lower chord 2 with the lower bridge deck system 7.
In this embodiment, during the splicing, the bolts between the upper chord and the lower chord at the end of the first cantilever and the bridge deck are detached, the angle of the chord is adjusted to meet the splicing precision, and after the chords are spliced and welded, the chords and the bridge deck are welded to form a whole. Adopt the postweld between chord member and the bridge floor system, can be convenient for when two sections are assembled, the adjustable space grow of chord member does benefit to and assembles the welding, improves girder erection efficiency greatly.
In some alternative embodiments, the girder crane 8 is driven to the outermost vertical web member 3 of the erected steel girder segment when the steel girder segment to be erected is hoisted to the installation position by the girder crane 8. In this embodiment, the girder erection crane 8 travels to the vertical web member 3 at the outermost side of the erected steel girder segment, so that the extension length of the girder erection crane 8 can be made longer, and thus a smaller girder erection crane 8 can be selected to reduce the weight of the girder erection crane 8, thereby reducing the sectional area and weight of the steel girder segment again.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
It is noted that, in the present application, relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is merely exemplary of the present application and is presented to enable those skilled in the art to understand and practice the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. A steel truss section, comprising:
the device comprises two groups of upper chord groups and two groups of lower chord groups which are arranged at intervals, wherein each upper chord group comprises two upper chords (1) which are arranged at intervals, and each lower chord group comprises two lower chords (2) which are arranged at intervals;
every side it erects web member (3) to be equipped with one at least between chord member (1) and lower chord member (2), its both ends are connected respectively and are corresponded the setting go up chord member (1) and lower chord member (2), it will to erect web member (3) first cantilever and second cantilever are marked off to chord member (1) and lower chord member (2), just the length of first cantilever is greater than the length of second cantilever.
2. A steel truss section as defined in claim 1 wherein: every side be equipped with between last chord member (1) and the lower chord member (2) two intervals set up erect web member (3), two erect and be equipped with first oblique web member (41) between web member (3), the both ends of first oblique web member (41) respectively with last chord member (1) and lower chord member (2) are connected, and with two erect web member (3) and connect.
3. A steel truss section as defined in claim 2 wherein: every side still be equipped with oblique web member of second (42) and oblique web member of third (43) between last chord member (1) and lower chord member (2), the one end of oblique web member of second (42) with first cantilever is to nearest erect web member (3) with lower chord member (2) junction is connected, and the other end extends to one side and flushes with first cantilever, the one end of oblique web member of third (43) with the second cantilever is to nearest erect web member (3) with last chord member (1) junction is connected, and the other end extends to one side down and flushes with the second cantilever.
4. A steel truss section as defined in claim 1 wherein: an upper bridge deck system (5) is arranged between the two upper chords (1), and the upper chords (1) on one side of the first cantilever are connected with the upper bridge deck system (5) through bolts.
5. A steel truss section as defined in claim 4 wherein: and a cross beam (6) is arranged between the vertical web members (3) at two sides, and the cross beam (6) is used for supporting the upper bridge deck system (5).
6. A steel truss section as defined in claim 5 wherein: the cross beam (6) is a truss type cross beam.
7. A steel truss section as defined in claim 1 wherein: and a lower bridge deck system (7) is arranged between the two lower chords (2), and the lower chords (2) on one side of the first cantilever are connected with the lower bridge deck system (7) through bolts.
8. A method of installing a steel truss beam section as defined in claim 1 including the steps of:
moving the girder erection crane (8) to a first cantilever to hoist the steel truss girder segment to be erected, and enabling the first cantilever to be positioned on one side of the erected steel truss girder segment;
adjusting the positions of an upper chord (1) and a lower chord (2) of the steel truss girder segment to be erected, and connecting the steel truss girder segment to be erected to the erected steel truss girder segment;
and hoisting the next steel truss girder segment to be erected until the whole main girder is erected.
9. A method of installing a steel truss section as defined in claim 8 wherein: the method is characterized in that the positions of an upper chord (1) and a lower chord (2) of the steel truss girder segment to be erected are adjusted, and the steel truss girder segment to be erected is connected to the erected steel truss girder segment, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
dismounting bolts connecting the upper chord (1) and the upper bridge deck system and the lower chord (2) and the lower bridge deck system (7) at one side of the first cantilever, and adjusting the positions of the upper chord (1) and the lower chord (2) to meet the splicing precision;
splicing and welding an upper chord (1) and a lower chord (2) of a steel truss girder segment to be erected and already erected;
and welding the upper chord (1) with the upper bridge deck system (5) and welding the lower chord (2) with the lower bridge deck system (7).
10. A method of installing a steel truss section as defined in claim 8 wherein: when the steel truss girder segment to be erected is hoisted to the installation position through the girder erection crane (8), the girder erection crane (8) is driven to the vertical web member (3) at the outermost side of the erected steel truss girder segment.
CN202010839038.3A 2020-08-19 2020-08-19 Steel truss girder segment and installation method thereof Pending CN112048984A (en)

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Cited By (1)

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CN113774780A (en) * 2021-09-06 2021-12-10 四川省公路规划勘察设计研究院有限公司 Segment unit of super-large span concrete-filled steel tube arch bridge and arch bridge

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Application publication date: 20201208