CN112045194A - Internal heating type treatment method, multipurpose rotary vacuum furnace and treatment furnace - Google Patents
Internal heating type treatment method, multipurpose rotary vacuum furnace and treatment furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN112045194A CN112045194A CN202010971636.6A CN202010971636A CN112045194A CN 112045194 A CN112045194 A CN 112045194A CN 202010971636 A CN202010971636 A CN 202010971636A CN 112045194 A CN112045194 A CN 112045194A
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 208
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 188
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 37
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 37
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AWWAHRLLQMQIOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Sm] Chemical compound [Fe].[Sm] AWWAHRLLQMQIOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/023—Hydrogen absorption
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of reaction and heat treatment of powder or granular materials, and particularly relates to an internal heat type treatment method, a multipurpose rotary vacuum furnace and a treatment furnace.A heating liner is arranged in a vacuum container or both the heating liner and a cooling liner are arranged in the vacuum container, and the internal space of the vacuum container is divided from the outside; powder or granular materials outside the vacuum container enter the heating container through the spiral or vibration feeder to be heated; the feeder and the feeding barrel are also in a sealed state and isolated from the atmosphere; the material is discharged from the cooling container after being cooled, and the material receiving barrel is also in a sealed state and isolated from the atmosphere. The heating liner is ingeniously arranged in the vacuum container, the heating device is arranged in the vacuum container, and the heating device is transmitted into the cooling liner through the helical blades. The heating device of the heating liner is positioned in the vacuum container, and can play a certain heat insulation role through the vacuum container, so that the heat radiation born by the staff is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of reaction and heat treatment of powder or granular materials, and particularly relates to an internal heating type treatment method, a multipurpose rotary vacuum furnace and a treatment furnace.
Background
The common rotary vacuum heat treatment furnace is externally heated and discontinuous, heating reaction and cooling are completed in the same container, and for the hydrogen crushing furnace, the national safety regulations are not met because the external heating furnace is open fire. In the case of hydrogen, the potential safety hazard exists. The dehydrogenation is carried out in the same furnace pipe, and because the dehydrogenation temperature is higher and the electric furnace is adopted for heating, the potential safety hazard of hydrogen explosion exists. Although the two are respectively arranged in different furnace pipes and different workshops (spaces) for working, the risk of hydrogen explosion can be effectively reduced, but the procedures of transportation or delivery are increased; and the defects of large occupied space, complex sealing structure at the communication position of the two parts, long conveying line and the like exist in the aspect of integral arrangement.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides an internal heating type processing method, a multi-purpose rotary vacuum furnace and a processing furnace, which can simplify the overall structure and reduce the occupied space while reducing the potential safety hazard.
An internal heating type processing method, a heating liner is arranged in a vacuum container or both the heating liner and a cooling liner are arranged in the vacuum container, and the internal space of the vacuum container is divided from the outside; powder or granular materials outside the vacuum container enter the heating container through the spiral or vibration feeder to be heated; the feeder and the feeding barrel are also in a sealed state and isolated from the atmosphere; the material is discharged from the cooling container after being cooled, and the material receiving barrel is also in a sealed state and isolated from the atmosphere.
An internal heating type multipurpose rotary vacuum furnace comprises a vacuum container and a rotatable heating liner, wherein a pipeline is communicated with the vacuum container; the heating container is arranged in the vacuum container, is rotatably connected with the vacuum container, is connected with the driving device and is driven to rotate by the driving device; a heating device is arranged outside the heating liner, and the heating liner is heated by the heating device; a material inlet pipe is arranged at one end of the heating container, a material outlet pipe is arranged at the other end of the heating container, materials outside the vacuum container enter the heating container from the material inlet pipe, and the materials in the heating container are discharged through the material outlet pipe; helical blades are arranged in the heating liner and the discharging pipe.
The cooling device is used for cooling the cooling liner; a feeding pipe is arranged at one end of the cooling liner, a discharging pipe is arranged at the other end of the cooling liner, and helical blades are arranged in the cooling liner and the discharging pipe; the cooling liner is positioned outside the vacuum container, the discharge pipe extends out of the vacuum container and is communicated with the feed pipe, and a rotary sealing element is arranged at the joint between the discharge pipe and the feed pipe or the feed pipe extends into the vacuum container and is communicated with the discharge pipe, and a rotary sealing element is arranged at the joint between the discharge pipe and the feed pipe.
The cooling device is a water cooling jacket arranged on the cooling liner or a water cooling tank arranged below the cooling liner; the heating device is connected with the inner wall of the vacuum container; and a cooling structure is arranged outside the vacuum container.
The heating device is a heating belt, a heat insulation layer is arranged between the heating device and the inner wall of the vacuum container, and the heating belt is connected with power supply equipment through an electrode.
And a supporting roller or a rotating bearing used for being connected with the heating liner is arranged in the vacuum container.
The discharging pipe is rotatably connected with a discharging pipe, a rotary sealing piece is arranged at the rotating joint, and a valve is arranged at the discharging opening of the discharging pipe.
The feeding pipe extends out of the vacuum container and is communicated with a feeding pipe of the feeding device, a rotary sealing piece is arranged at the joint of the feeding pipe and the feeding pipe, or the feeding pipe of the feeding device penetrates through the vacuum container and extends into the feeding pipe, and sealing treatment is carried out at the joint of the feeding pipe and the vacuum container.
An internal heating type multipurpose rotary vacuum treatment furnace comprises a vacuum container, a rotatable heating liner and a cooling liner, wherein a pipeline is communicated with the vacuum container; the heating liner and the cooling liner are both arranged in the vacuum container, are rotatably connected with the vacuum container, and are connected with driving devices, and the heating liner and the cooling liner are driven to rotate by the driving devices; a heating device is arranged outside the heating liner, and the heating liner is heated by the heating device; the cooling liner is connected with a cooling device, and the cooling liner is cooled by the cooling device; one end of the heating liner is provided with a feeding pipe, the other end of the heating liner is provided with a discharging pipe and is communicated with one end of the cooling liner through the discharging pipe, and the other end of the cooling liner is provided with a discharging pipe; the material outside the vacuum container enters the heating container from the feeding pipe, the material in the heating container is discharged into the cooling container through the discharging pipe, and the material in the cooling container is discharged out of the vacuum container through the discharging pipe; helical blades are arranged in the heating liner, the cooling liner, the discharging pipe and the discharging pipe.
The feeding pipe extends out of the vacuum container and is communicated with a feeding pipe of the feeding device, and a rotary sealing piece is arranged at the joint of the feeding pipe and the feeding pipe of the feeding device, and the feeding pipe of the feeding device penetrates through the vacuum container and extends into the feeding pipe.
The discharge pipe extends out of the vacuum container, a sealing pipe is arranged at the joint of the discharge pipe and the vacuum container, a sealing pipe cover is arranged at the tail end of the discharge pipe and is fixedly connected with the vacuum container, a discharge port is arranged on the sealing pipe, and a valve is arranged at the discharge port; the material in the cooling liner is discharged from a discharge port on the sealing pipe through a discharge pipe.
The cooling liner is connected with a first driving device, the cooling liner is driven to rotate by the first driving device, and an output shaft of the first driving device penetrates through the vacuum container or the sealing pipe to be connected with the cooling liner; the output shaft is coaxially arranged with the cooling liner, and the output shaft is inserted with the cooling liner or the discharge pipe.
The driving device adopts a gear driving device and a chain wheel driving device.
And a supporting roller or a rotating bearing used for being connected with the heating liner and the cooling liner is arranged in the vacuum container.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the heating liner is ingeniously arranged in the vacuum container, the heating device is arranged in the vacuum container, and the heating device is transmitted into the cooling liner through the helical blades. Through different combinations, the furnace can be changed into a single-chamber furnace, and hydrogen absorption, dehydrogenation and cooling are carried out in the same chamber; hydrogen is absorbed and dehydrogenated in one chamber, and cooled in the other chamber. Independently absorbing hydrogen, dehydrogenating and cooling in another chamber. Or independently absorbing hydrogen, dehydrogenating and cooling at the same position, but the gas is the same. The latter three can realize continuous operation, improve production efficiency and reduce energy consumption.
The heating liner is cut apart from the outside by the vacuum container, so that the hydrogen absorption reaction kettle and the outside (other reaction kettles) are positioned in different spaces, namely, the direct contact of hydrogen and the heating liner is avoided, the potential safety hazard is effectively reduced, and the whole operation is safer. By adopting the scheme, occupied space can be effectively reduced, and the problems of complicated pipeline arrangement and space arrangement existing in two workshops due to the fact that the workshops are respectively arranged are solved; the whole structure is simpler, and the workshop does not need to be correspondingly modified.
Simultaneously, through carrying out the evacuation to vacuum vessel, both can make dehydrogenation stove courage and cooling courage be in operation under the vacuum state, and need not carry out the evacuation respectively, just so simplified the structure setting of dehydrogenation stove courage, cooling courage and both UNICOM departments, reduced many places seal structure to the risk of revealing that has reduced to exist.
The heating device of the heating liner is positioned in the vacuum container, and can play a certain heat insulation role through the vacuum container, thereby reducing the heat radiation born by the staff and further improving the working environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at A;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at B;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a side view of a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a top view of a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a vacuum vessel of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a top view of a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a side view of a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 10 at A;
fig. 14 is a partial enlarged view at B in fig. 10;
FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 14 at C;
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 14;
FIG. 17 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 14;
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of the structure of the tube seal of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a schematic view of the construction of the heating apparatus of the present invention;
wherein: the device comprises a vacuum container 1, a pipeline 100, a heating liner 2, a feeding pipe 200, a discharging pipe 201, a cooling liner 3, a feeding pipe 300, a discharging pipe 301, a water cooling jacket 4, a water cooling tank 5, a heat insulation layer 6, a cooling structure 7, a heating device 8, a heating belt 800, an electrode 801, a power supply device 802, a discharging pipe 9, a discharging port 900, a feeding device 10, a feeding pipe 1000, a sealing pipe 11, a discharging port 1100, a first driving device 12, a helical blade 14, a rotary sealing element 15, a valve 16, a supporting roller 17, a reaction kettle 18, a sealing barrel 19, a butterfly valve 20, a vacuum sensor and instrument 21, a receiving barrel 22, a barrel valve 2200, a pneumatic clamping barrel 23, a vacuum chuck set 24, a rotary joint 25, an insert block 26 and an insert block 27.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
An internal heating type processing method, a heating liner is arranged in a vacuum container or both the heating liner and a cooling liner are arranged in the vacuum container, and the internal space of the vacuum container is divided from the outside; and the materials outside the vacuum container enter the heating container to be heated, are discharged into the cooling container to be cooled after being heated, and are discharged from the cooling container after being cooled. Through different combinations, the furnace can be changed into a single-chamber furnace, and hydrogen absorption, dehydrogenation and cooling are carried out in the same chamber; hydrogen is absorbed and dehydrogenated in one chamber, and cooled in the other chamber. Independently absorbing hydrogen, dehydrogenating and cooling in another chamber. Or independently absorbing hydrogen, dehydrogenating and cooling at the same position, but the gas is the same. The latter three can be operated continuously.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 9, an internal heating type multipurpose rotary vacuum furnace comprises a vacuum container 1 and a rotatable heating bladder 2, wherein a pipeline 100 is communicated with the vacuum container 1; the heating container 2 is arranged in the vacuum container 1, the heating container 2 is rotationally connected with the vacuum container 1, and the heating container 2 is connected with a driving device and drives the heating container 2 to rotate through the driving device; a heating device 8 is arranged outside the heating liner 2, and the heating liner 2 is heated by the heating device 8; one end of the heating liner 2 is provided with a feeding pipe 200, and the other end is provided with a discharging pipe 201; helical blades 14 are arranged in the heating container 2 and the discharge pipe 201. The corresponding vacuum aggregate can be connected via a pipe 100.
During operation, materials outside the vacuum container 1 enter the heating container 2 from the feeding pipe 200, and the driving device drives the heating container 2 to rotate; the heating device 8 is used for heating the heating liner 2, so that the materials in the heating liner 2 are subjected to heat treatment; after the heat treatment is finished, the driving device drives the heating liner 2 to rotate reversely, and materials in the heating liner 2 are discharged through the discharge pipe 201 under the action of the heating liner 2 and the spiral blades 14 in the discharge pipe 201.
Further, the cooling device and the rotatable cooling liner 3 are further included, and the cooling liner 3 is cooled by the cooling device; a feeding pipe 300 is arranged at one end of the cooling liner 3, a discharging pipe 301 is arranged at the other end of the cooling liner 3, and helical blades 14 are arranged in the cooling liner 3 and the discharging pipe 301; the cooling liner 3 is positioned outside the vacuum container 1, the cooling liner 3 is communicated with the heating liner 2, and materials in the heating liner 2 can be discharged into the cooling liner 3 for cooling treatment. The communication between the cooling liner 3 and the heating liner 2 can be realized by adopting the following two structures: one is that the discharging pipe 201 extends out of the vacuum container 1, and the other is that the feeding pipe 300 extends into the vacuum container 1, which is detailed as follows:
the structure I is as follows: the discharging pipe 201 extends out of the vacuum container 1 and is communicated with the feeding pipe 300, and the material in the discharging pipe 201 enters the cooling liner 3 through the feeding pipe 300 under the action of the helical blades 14; since the heating bladder 2 and the cooling bladder 3 both need to rotate, corresponding rotary seals 15 are needed between the discharge pipe 201, the vacuum vessel 1 and the feed pipe 300; meanwhile, the number of the rotary sealing elements 15 can be set according to the actual situation, and one rotary sealing element 15 is arranged, namely the three rotary sealing elements are connected through one rotary sealing element 15; or two may be provided: one is arranged between the discharge pipe 201 and the vacuum container 1, and one is arranged between the discharge pipe 201 and the feed pipe 300.
The structure II is as follows: the feeding pipe 300 extends into the vacuum container 1 and is communicated with the discharging pipe 201, and materials in the discharging pipe 201 enter the cooling liner 3 through the feeding pipe 300 under the action of the helical blades 14 of the materials; similarly, since both the heating bladder 2 and the cooling bladder 3 need to be rotated, the corresponding rotary seal 15 needs to be provided, but since the discharge pipe 201 is located in the vacuum vessel 1, the rotary seal 15 between the discharge pipe 201 and the feed pipe 300 can be omitted, and the rotary seal 15 can be provided only at the connection between the feed pipe 300 and the vacuum vessel 1.
Of course, for the rotary seal 15 described above: specifically, a hollow sealing coupler, a sealing bearing, a magnetic fluid seal and the like can be adopted; meanwhile, the specific setting positions and the number of the components can be adjusted by those skilled in the art according to actual needs.
Further, the cooling device is mainly for cooling the cooling bladder 3, and thus it may be implemented by using a water jacket 4 provided on the cooling bladder 3 or a water cooling tank 5 provided below the cooling bladder 3.
Further, a heating device 8 is connected to the inner wall of the vacuum vessel 1.
Further, a cooling structure 7 is arranged outside the vacuum container 1, and the vacuum container 1 is cooled through the cooling structure 7, which can also be realized by adopting a water cooling jacket 4.
Further, the heating device 8 is a heating belt 800, an insulating layer 6 is arranged between the heating device 8 and the inner wall of the vacuum container 1, and the heating belt 800 is connected with a power supply device 802 through an electrode 801. The electrode 801 (water-cooled electrode) is connected to the heating belt 800 through the vacuum container 1, and the heating belt 800 heats the heating container 2 after being energized. The heat preservation 6 and the inner wall of the vacuum container 1 are fixedly connected, and the heating device 8 and the heat preservation 6 are fixedly connected.
Further, the heating belt 800 may be configured to be a cylindrical structure, and is sleeved outside the heating bladder 2, and a gap exists between the heating belt and the heating bladder 2, so that the rotation of the heating bladder 2 is not affected.
Further, for how to realize the rotational connection between the heating liner 2 and the vacuum container 1, a supporting roller 17 or a rotating bearing can be specifically adopted, and a roller of the supporting roller 17 is in contact with the outer surface of the heating liner 2; of course, other configurations for achieving the rotational connection may be used by those skilled in the art.
Further, the discharging pipe 301 is rotatably connected with a discharging pipe 9, a rotary sealing member 15 is arranged at the rotary connection position, and a valve 16 is arranged at a discharging port 900 of the discharging pipe 9. By the rotation of the cooling container 3, the material in the cooling container 3 is discharged from the discharge pipe 301 through the valve 16 at the discharge port 900 of the discharge pipe 9 under the action of the helical blade 14. The valve 16 can be connected to a corresponding material transfer device to transfer the material to the next process for production, specifically: a receiving barrel 22 provided with a barrel valve 2200 can be adopted, and the receiving barrel 22 is detachably connected with the discharge hole 900; when receiving materials, the valve 16 and the charging bucket valve 2200 at the discharging port 900 are opened, so that the materials enter the charging bucket 22, after the receiving is finished, the valve 16 and the charging bucket valve 2200 at the discharging port 900 are closed, and the charging bucket 22 is separated from the discharging port 900.
Further, the device comprises a feeding device 10, materials outside the vacuum container 1 can be fed into the vacuum container 1 through the feeding device 10, and the feeding device 10 can adopt a spiral feeder; similarly, the feeding pipe 1000 of the feeding device 10 can be connected with the feeding pipe 200 in two ways: one is that the feeding pipe 200 extends out of the vacuum container 1, and the other is that the feeding pipe 1000 of the feeding device 10 extends into the vacuum container 1, which is described in detail as follows:
the structure I is as follows: the feeding pipe 200 extends out of the vacuum container 1 and is communicated with the feeding pipe 1000, and external materials enter the heating container 2 from the feeding pipe 200 through the feeding pipe 1000; similarly, as the heating liner 2 needs to rotate, corresponding rotary sealing elements 15 need to be arranged, the number of the rotary sealing elements 15 can be set according to the situation, and one rotary sealing element 15 can be arranged, namely, the charging pipe 1000, the feeding pipe 200 and the vacuum container 1 are connected through one rotary sealing element 15; two can also be provided: one feed pipe is provided between the feed pipe 200 and the vacuum vessel 1, and one feed pipe is provided between the feed pipe 1000 and the feed pipe 200.
The structure II is as follows: the feed tube 1000 of the feeding device 10 penetrates through the vacuum container 1 and extends into the feed tube 200 to realize communication, when the structure is adopted, the rotary sealing element 15 can be omitted, the feed tube 1000 and the vacuum container 1 are sealed by welding or other modes, namely, the sealing between the feed tube 1000 and the vacuum container 1 is only required to be ensured.
The driving device is mainly used for driving the heating liner 2 to rotate, so that the heating liner can be realized by adopting various structures, and no matter which structure is adopted, the driving device only needs to realize the rotation of the heating liner 2, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1. a gear drive device: a gear ring is arranged on the heating liner 2, and a gear meshed with the output shaft of the motor is arranged on the output shaft of the motor;
2. sprocket drive means: the heating container 2 is provided with a chain wheel, the output shaft of the motor is also provided with a chain wheel, and the two chain wheels are driven by a chain.
The driving device can be integrally arranged outside the vacuum container 1 or partially arranged in the vacuum container 1; partially located within the vacuum vessel 1 means: the motor part can be positioned outside the vacuum container 1, the output shaft of the motor part can penetrate through the vacuum container 1 and extend into the vacuum container 1 to be connected with the heating container 2, and the output shaft needs to rotate, so that a corresponding rotary sealing member 15 needs to be arranged at the connection position of the output shaft and the vacuum container 1.
Meanwhile, the cooling liner 3 can also be driven by the driving device.
The feeding device 10 is connected with the sealing material barrel, the materials are stored in the sealing material barrel, and the materials in the sealing material barrel are transferred into the heating container 2 through the feeding device 10. As shown in fig. 6 to 8, the feeding device 10 may be further connected to the reaction vessel 18, and the material in the reaction vessel 18 is transferred into the heating container 2 through the feeding device 10. The reactor 18 (e.g., a hydrogen absorption furnace) may be constructed as is conventional in the art, and is well known to those skilled in the art, and will be briefly described herein: the reaction kettle 18 is connected with a corresponding feeding device and a corresponding charging hopper, materials can enter the reaction kettle 18 through the feeding device for reaction, and are discharged into a feeding port of the feeding device 10 through a four-way joint after the reaction; meanwhile, the reaction kettle 18 is connected with corresponding pumping and inflating pipelines and driving devices through a four-way joint, so that the pumping, inflating and rotating are realized.
The main differences between an internally heated multipurpose rotary vacuum furnace and an internally heated multipurpose rotary vacuum treatment furnace are as follows: the heating liner 2 and the cooling liner 3 of the processing furnace are both arranged in the vacuum container 1; thus, the partial structural arrangements in both furnaces can be correspondingly referenced or the same arrangement can be adopted:
as shown in fig. 10 to 19, an internal heating type multipurpose rotary vacuum processing furnace comprises a vacuum container 1, a rotatable heating container 2 and a cooling container 3, wherein a pipeline 100 is communicated with the vacuum container 1; heating courage 2 and cooling courage 3 all set up in vacuum container 1, and heating courage 2 and cooling courage 3 all rotate with vacuum container 1 to be connected, and heating courage 2 and cooling courage 3 are connected with drive arrangement, and it is rotatory to heat courage 2 and cooling courage 3 through drive arrangement drive. A heating device 8 is arranged outside the heating liner 2, and the heating liner 2 is heated by the heating device 8; the cooling liner 3 is connected to a cooling device, and the cooling liner 3 is cooled by the cooling device. The corresponding vacuum aggregate can be connected via a pipe 100.
The above-mentioned heating means 8 and driving means can be constructed in the above-mentioned internal heating type multipurpose rotary vacuum furnace, and thus will not be described in detail. The heating liner 2 and the cooling liner 3 can be driven by a driving device respectively, so that the rotation of the heating liner 2 and the rotation of the cooling liner 3 can be controlled respectively; of course, the heating bladder 2 and the cooling bladder 3 may be driven by the same driving device.
A feeding pipe 200 is arranged at one end of the heating liner 2, a discharging pipe 201 is arranged at the other end of the heating liner and is communicated with one end of the cooling liner 3 through the discharging pipe 201, and a discharging pipe 301 is arranged at the other end of the cooling liner 3; helical blades 14 are arranged in the heating liner 2, the cooling liner 3, the discharge pipe 201 and the discharge pipe 301.
When in operation, the driving device drives the heating liner 2 to rotate; the heating device 8 is used for heating the heating liner 2, so that the materials in the heating liner 2 are subjected to heat treatment; after the heat treatment is finished, the driving device drives the heating liner 2 to rotate reversely, under the action of the spiral blades 14 in the heating liner 2 and the discharge pipe 201, the materials in the heating liner 2 are discharged into the cooling liner 3 through the discharge pipe 201, and because the cooling liner 3 and the heating liner 2 are both positioned in the vacuum container 1, a gap is formed between the discharge pipe 201 and the cooling liner 3, and the corresponding rotary sealing piece 15 is not needed to be arranged; the driving device drives the cooling liner 3 to rotate, and the cooling device cools the material in the cooling liner 3; after the cooling treatment is finished, the cooling liner 3 rotates reversely, and the cooling liner 3 is discharged out of the vacuum container 1 under the action of the cooling liner 3 and the helical blades 14 in the discharge pipe 301.
For the cooling device arranged outside the cooling liner 3, the cooling device can be realized by adopting various structures in the prior art, such as a common water cooling jacket 4; as the cooling liner 3 needs to rotate, a corresponding rotary joint 25 needs to be arranged on the cooling liner 3, and the water supply pipe and the water return pipe are communicated with the water cooling jacket 4 through a rotating structure. The water supply pipe and the water return pipe also need to penetrate through the vacuum tank body, so that corresponding sealing treatment or welding sealing and the like are also needed at the connecting positions of the water supply pipe, the water return pipe and the vacuum tank body.
Further, the device comprises a feeding device 10, materials outside the vacuum container 1 can be fed into the vacuum container 1 through the feeding device 10, and the feeding device 10 can adopt a spiral feeder; similarly, the connection between the feeding device 10 and the feeding tube 1000 can be realized in two ways: one is that the feeding pipe 200 extends out of the vacuum container 1, and the other is that the feeding pipe 1000 of the feeding device 10 extends into the vacuum container 1, which is described in detail as follows:
the structure I is as follows: the feeding pipe 200 extends out of the vacuum container 1 and is communicated with the feeding pipe 1000, and external materials enter the heating container 2 from the feeding pipe 200 through the feeding pipe 1000; similarly, as the heating liner 2 needs to rotate, corresponding rotary sealing elements 15 need to be arranged, the number of the rotary sealing elements 15 can be set according to the situation, and one rotary sealing element 15 can be arranged, namely, the charging pipe 1000, the feeding pipe 200 and the vacuum container 1 are connected through one rotary sealing element 15; two can also be provided: one feed pipe is provided between the feed pipe 200 and the vacuum vessel 1, and one feed pipe is provided between the feed pipe 1000 and the feed pipe 200.
The structure II is as follows: the feed tube 1000 of the feeding device 10 penetrates through the vacuum container 1 and extends into the feed tube 200 to realize communication, when the structure is adopted, the rotary sealing element 15 can be omitted, the feed tube 1000 and the vacuum container 1 are sealed by welding or other modes, namely, the sealing between the feed tube 1000 and the vacuum container 1 is only required to be ensured.
Further, the discharge pipe 301 extends out of the vacuum container 1, a sealing pipe 11 is arranged at the joint of the discharge pipe 301 and the vacuum container 1, a cover of the sealing pipe 11 is arranged at the tail end of the discharge pipe 301 and is fixedly connected with the vacuum container 1, a discharge opening 1100 is arranged on the sealing pipe 11, and a valve 16 is arranged at the discharge opening 1100; the material in the cooling container 3 is discharged from the discharge port 1100 of the sealing tube 11 through the discharge tube 301.
Likewise, the valve 16 can be connected to a corresponding material transfer device to transfer the material to the next process for production, specifically: a material receiving barrel 22 provided with a material barrel valve 2200 can be adopted, and the material receiving barrel 22 is detachably connected with the material outlet 1100; during material receiving, the valve 16 and the charging bucket valve 2200 at the discharge opening 1100 are opened, so that the material enters the charging bucket 22, after the material receiving is finished, the valve 16 and the charging bucket valve 2200 at the discharge opening 1100 are closed, and the charging bucket 22 is separated from the discharge opening 1100.
Further, since the cooling bladder 3 is disposed in the vacuum container 1, the driving means thereof preferably adopts the following structure, which will be referred to as the first driving means 12 for convenience of description, as follows:
the cooling liner 3 is connected with a first driving device 12, the cooling liner 3 is driven to rotate by the first driving device 12, and an output shaft of the first driving device 12 penetrates through the vacuum container 1 or the sealing pipe 11 to be connected with the cooling liner 3; the output shaft of the cooling device is coaxial with the cooling container 3, and the output shaft is inserted into the cooling container 3 or the discharge pipe 201.
For plugging: an axially protruding insert 26 may be provided on the cooling bladder 3 or the discharge pipe 301, and a corresponding chuck 27 may be provided at the end of the output shaft, the chuck 27 having a slot for connection with the insert 26. It should be noted that: if the insert 26 is disposed on the discharge tube 301, the insert 26 should extend a certain distance beyond the discharge tube 301 to ensure that the chuck 27 does not block the port of the discharge tube 301, thereby preventing the discharge from being affected; of course, the side wall of the discharge pipe 301 may be provided with a through hole to realize discharge.
Similarly, for how to realize the rotary connection between the heating liner 2 and the vacuum container 1, a supporting roller 17 or a rotary bearing can be specifically adopted; of course, other configurations for achieving the rotational connection may be used by those skilled in the art.
The above-described internally heated multipurpose rotary vacuum furnace and an internally heated multipurpose rotary vacuum treatment furnace can be applied to various aspects, as exemplified below:
Nitriding of samarium iron alloy.
The particle material of samarium ferroalloy is packed into sealed storage bucket, opens the butterfly valve, starts the vacuum pump, makes the interior vacuum degree of storage bucket reach 5Pa, observes through vacuum sensor and instrument. The vacuum pumping is stopped for 5 minutes, and if the pressure rising rate is within 10P, the process is to prevent the joints or valves from aging in the mass production, which causes the product quality to be reduced.
Then, nitrogen gas was introduced into the furnace at a pressure close to that of the nitrogen gas in the furnace (0.09 MPa). And opening the pneumatic pinch valve, starting the spiral feeder, and rotating the heating liner anticlockwise at a low speed. Until the samarium iron powder is completely added into the heating liner.
In the continuous production state, the heating belt is always electrified and is kept at the process temperature (450 ℃). And reaching the nitriding time specified by the process. The cooling bladder rotates anticlockwise at low speed, and the heating bladder rotates clockwise at high speed (15-30 revolutions per minute). Until all the nitrided materials are transferred into the cooling liner.
The cooling liner keeps low-speed anticlockwise rotation, and the cooling water tank also keeps circulating water smooth.
The next charge can now be made.
After cooling for 2-3 hours, butt-jointing the charging barrel, detecting the sealing property of the charging barrel in the same way of charging, if the pressure rise is qualified, charging nitrogen, opening a valve, and rapidly rotating the cooling liner clockwise. Until the discharging is finished.
And closing the valve and moving out the charging basket.
The cooling speed is faster than the nitriding speed, and the cooling liner after discharging has an idle period with prolonged time.
Use example II
Hydrogen absorption of titanium metal
And (3) loading the small metal blocks into a sealed charging basket, opening a butterfly valve, starting a vacuum pump to enable the vacuum degree in the charging basket to reach 5Pa, and observing through a vacuum sensor and an instrument. The vacuum pumping is stopped for 5 minutes, and if the pressure rising rate is within 10P, the process is to prevent the joints or valves from aging in the mass production, which causes the product quality to be reduced.
Then, hydrogen gas was charged to the same pressure as in the furnace. And opening the pneumatic pinch valve, starting the spiral feeder, and rotating the heating liner anticlockwise at a low speed. Until all the titanium metal small blocks are added into the reaction kettle.
Because the barrel is filled with hydrogen, the vacuum pump is started to pump out the hydrogen before the barrel is replaced for safety. Air or inert gas is filled.
In the continuous production state, the heating belt is always electrified and is kept at the process temperature (600 ℃). Filling hydrogen gas and keeping a certain pressure until the hydrogen absorption is finished. The cooling bladder rotates anticlockwise at low speed, and the heating bladder rotates clockwise at high speed (15-30 revolutions per minute). Until all the hydrogen absorbed materials are transferred into the cooling liner.
The cooling liner rotates anticlockwise at a low speed, and the cooling water tank keeps circulating water smooth.
The next charge can now be made.
After cooling for 2-3 hours, butt-jointing the charging basket, detecting the sealing property of the charging basket in the same way as charging, if the pressure rise is qualified, charging hydrogen, opening a valve, and rapidly rotating the cooling liner clockwise. Until the discharging is finished.
And (3) closing the valve, wherein the charging bucket is filled with hydrogen, so that the charging bucket is firstly vacuumized for safety, then is filled with nitrogen or argon to reach micro positive pressure, and then the charging bucket valve is closed and is moved out of the charging bucket.
Use example three
Dehydrogenation of titanium metal powder
And butting the charging barrel filled with the titanium alloy fine powder with a feeder flange.
And opening a butterfly valve, starting a vacuum pump to enable the vacuum degree in the charging basket to reach 5Pa, and observing through a vacuum sensor and an instrument. The vacuum pumping is stopped for 5 minutes, and if the pressure rise rate is within 10P, the process is to prevent the joint or valve from failing in the mass production, so that the product quality is reduced.
And opening the pneumatic pinch valve, starting the spiral feeder, and rotating the heating liner anticlockwise at a low speed. Until all the titanium powder is added into the reaction kettle. (in this case, the inside of the furnace is vacuum)
In the continuous production state, the heating belt is always electrified and is kept at the process temperature (800 ℃). And reaching the dehydrogenation time specified by the process. The cooling bladder rotates anticlockwise at low speed, and the heating bladder rotates clockwise at high speed (15-30 revolutions per minute). Until the titanium powder material after dehydrogenation is completely transferred into the cooling liner.
The cooling liner keeps low-speed anticlockwise rotation, and the cooling water tank also keeps circulating water smooth.
The next charge can now be made.
After cooling for 2-3 hours, the sealing performance of the charging bucket is detected in the same charging mode of the charging bucket, if the pressure rise rate is qualified, a valve is opened, and the cooling liner is rotated clockwise rapidly. Until the discharging is finished.
And closing the valve, filling nitrogen or argon to the micro positive pressure, and moving out of the charging bucket.
Use example No. four
The method is used for continuous hydrogen crushing of the neodymium iron boron on a large scale.
Charging bucket filled with neodymium iron boron alloy
The mixture is added into a reaction kettle (a hydrogen absorption container) through a feeder, and the hydrogen absorption container rapidly rotates clockwise (10-30 revolutions per minute). Until all the materials are completely filled.
Starting a vacuum unit connected with the reaction kettle, filling hydrogen under 0.09MPa after the pressure reaches within 10Pa, and keeping a certain pressure. While keeping the hydrogen absorption bladder cool.
After the hydrogen absorption is finished, cooling is continued for 1 hour. And then starting a vacuum unit, and pumping out the hydrogen in the hydrogen absorption container.
Opening the valve, rotating the heating liner counterclockwise at a low speed, and rotating the hydrogen absorption liner counterclockwise at a high speed; until the powder after hydrogen absorption is completely transferred into the dehydrogenation container.
The heating speed of the liner is reduced (3-10 rpm).
After the dehydrogenation time is reached, the furnace pipe is adjusted to rotate clockwise at a high speed, and the cooling pipe is adjusted to rotate anticlockwise at a low speed.
The heating, the operation of the vacuum pump and the smoothness of the cooling water are kept.
The charge to the next furnace can now be started. The starting operation is repeated.
Cooling is carried out for 3-4 hours and cooling is completed. And (3) butting a discharge tank, opening a valve, starting vacuum, reaching 10Pa through a vacuum sensor and a meter, and determining that the 5-minute pressure rise rate is less than 20 Pa.
And opening the air charging valve, enabling the cooling liner to rotate clockwise rapidly, and starting discharging to enter the charging bucket. And closing the gas adding valve, and filling inert gas to the micro positive pressure. The bucket butterfly valve is closed. And (5) replacing the charging basket.
Because the dehydrogenation furnace pipe is always in a heating state and the cooling furnace pipe is also always in a cooling state, the mode saves energy, time and argon. High-temperature radiation and diffused water vapor are avoided, and the working environment is improved. Has no open fire, high efficiency and safety.
Use example five
For HDDR reactions
Carrying out HDDR treatment on the neodymium iron boron alloy and the magnesium alloy to prepare anisotropic bonded magnetic powder or anisotropic high-strength magnesium alloy powder.
And butting the charging barrel filled with the neodymium iron boron alloy particles with the flange.
Starting the vacuum pump to make the vacuum degree in the charging basket reach 5Pa, and observing through the vacuum sensor and the instrument. The vacuum pumping is stopped for 5 minutes, and if the pressure rise rate is within 10P, the process is to prevent the joint or valve from failing in the mass production, so that the product quality is reduced.
The heating container rotates anticlockwise at a low speed, and neodymium iron boron particles are completely added into the reaction kettle. (in this case, the inside of the furnace is vacuum)
Filling hydrogen according to the HDDR process, and performing hydrogen absorption in the first stage.
Starting heating, electrifying the heating belt, and keeping the temperature at the disproportionation temperature. The hydrogen pressure was adjusted. The disproportionation reaction is completed.
Further adjusting the temperature and hydrogen pressure, and carrying out the recombination process. Then the hydrogen pressure is reduced, the temperature is increased, and the dehydrogenation process is implemented.
And reaching the time specified by the process. The cooling liner rotates anticlockwise at a low speed, and the reaction kettle rotates clockwise at a high speed (15-30 revolutions per minute). Until the dehydrogenated powder is completely transferred into the cooling container.
The cooling liner keeps low-speed anticlockwise rotation, and the cooling water tank also keeps circulating water smooth. Cool under vacuum.
After cooling for 2-3 hours, butting the charging basket, and discharging by using the method of 4.
The next cycle can now begin.
Although only the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art, and all changes are encompassed in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An internal heat treatment method is characterized in that: arranging the heating liner in a vacuum container or arranging the heating liner and the cooling liner in the vacuum container, and dividing the inner space of the vacuum container from the outside; powder or granular materials outside the vacuum container enter the heating container through the spiral or vibration feeder to be heated; the feeder and the feeding barrel are also in a sealed state and isolated from the atmosphere; the material is discharged from the cooling container after being cooled, and the material receiving barrel is also in a sealed state and isolated from the atmosphere.
2. An internal heating type multipurpose rotary vacuum furnace is characterized in that: the heating device comprises a vacuum container (1) and a rotatable heating liner (2), wherein a pipeline (100) is communicated with the vacuum container (1); the heating liner (2) is arranged in the vacuum container (1), the heating liner (2) is rotatably connected with the vacuum container (1), and the heating liner (2) is connected with a driving device and drives the heating liner (2) to rotate through the driving device; a heating device (8) is arranged outside the heating liner (2), and the heating liner (2) is heated through the heating device (8); a feeding pipe (200) is arranged at one end of the heating container (2), a discharging pipe (201) is arranged at the other end of the heating container, materials outside the vacuum container (1) enter the heating container (2) from the feeding pipe (200), and the materials in the heating container (2) are discharged through the discharging pipe (201); helical blades (14) are arranged in the heating liner (2) and the discharge pipe (201).
3. The internally heated multipurpose rotary vacuum furnace according to claim 2, wherein: the cooling device is used for cooling the cooling liner (3); a feeding pipe (300) is arranged at one end of the cooling liner (3), a discharging pipe (301) is arranged at the other end of the cooling liner, and helical blades (14) are arranged in the cooling liner (3) and the discharging pipe (301); the cooling liner (3) is positioned outside the vacuum container (1), the discharge pipe (201) extends out of the vacuum container (1) and is communicated with the feed pipe (300), and a rotary sealing element (15) is arranged at the joint between the discharge pipe and the feed pipe or the feed pipe (300) extends into the vacuum container (1) and is communicated with the discharge pipe (201), and a rotary sealing element (15) is arranged at the joint between the discharge pipe and the feed pipe.
4. The internally heated multipurpose rotary vacuum furnace according to claim 3, wherein: the cooling device is a water cooling jacket (4) arranged on the cooling liner (3) or a water cooling tank (5) arranged below the cooling liner (3); the heating device (8) is connected with the inner wall of the vacuum container (1); and a cooling structure (7) is arranged outside the vacuum container (1).
5. The internally heated multipurpose rotary vacuum furnace according to claim 3, wherein: the discharging pipe (301) is rotatably connected with a discharging pipe (9), a rotary sealing piece (15) is arranged at the rotating connection position, and a valve (16) is arranged at a discharging hole (900) of the discharging pipe (9).
6. The internally heated multipurpose rotary vacuum furnace according to claim 3, wherein: the feeding device (10) is further included, the feeding pipe (200) extends out of the vacuum container (1) and is communicated with a feeding pipe (1000) of the feeding device (10), a rotary sealing piece (15) is arranged at the joint of the feeding pipe (200) and the feeding pipe (1000) of the feeding device (10), or the feeding pipe (1000) of the feeding device (10) penetrates through the vacuum container (1) and extends into the feeding pipe (200), and sealing treatment is carried out at the joint of the feeding pipe (1000) and the vacuum container (1).
7. An internal heating type multipurpose rotary vacuum treatment furnace is characterized in that: the device comprises a vacuum container (1), a rotatable heating liner (2) and a cooling liner (3), wherein a pipeline (100) is communicated with the vacuum container (1); the heating liner (2) and the cooling liner (3) are both arranged in the vacuum container (1), the heating liner (2) and the cooling liner (3) are both rotationally connected with the vacuum container (1), the heating liner (2) and the cooling liner (3) are connected with a driving device, and the heating liner (2) and the cooling liner (3) are driven to rotate by the driving device; a heating device (8) is arranged outside the heating liner (2), and the heating liner (2) is heated through the heating device (8); the cooling liner (3) is connected with a cooling device, and the cooling liner (3) is cooled by the cooling device; a feeding pipe (200) is arranged at one end of the heating liner (2), a discharging pipe (201) is arranged at the other end of the heating liner and is communicated with one end of the cooling liner (3) through the discharging pipe (201), and a discharging pipe (301) is arranged at the other end of the cooling liner (3); materials outside the vacuum container (1) enter the heating container (2) from the feeding pipe (200), the materials in the heating container (2) are discharged into the cooling container (3) through the discharging pipe (201), and the materials in the cooling container (3) are discharged outside the vacuum container (1) through the discharging pipe (301); helical blades (14) are arranged in the heating liner (2), the cooling liner (3), the discharge pipe (201) and the discharge pipe (301).
8. The internally heated multipurpose rotary vacuum processing furnace according to claim 7, wherein: the vacuum feeding device further comprises a feeding device (10), wherein the feeding pipe (200) extends out of the vacuum container (1) and is communicated with a feeding pipe (1000) of the feeding device (10), and a rotary sealing piece (15) or the feeding pipe (1000) of the feeding device (10) penetrates through the vacuum container (1) and extends into the feeding pipe (200) at the connecting position between the feeding pipe and the feeding pipe.
9. The internally heated multipurpose rotary vacuum processing furnace according to claim 7, wherein: the discharge pipe (301) extends out of the vacuum container (1), a sealing pipe (11) is arranged at the joint of the discharge pipe (301) and the vacuum container (1), a cover of the sealing pipe (11) is arranged at the tail end of the discharge pipe (301) and is fixedly connected with the vacuum container (1), a discharge opening (1100) is arranged on the sealing pipe (11), and a valve (16) is arranged at the discharge opening (1100); the material in the cooling liner (3) is discharged from a discharge opening (1100) on the sealing pipe (11) through a discharge pipe (301).
10. The internally heated multipurpose rotary vacuum processing furnace according to claim 9, wherein: the cooling liner (3) is connected with a first driving device (12), the cooling liner (3) is driven to rotate by the first driving device (12), and an output shaft of the first driving device (12) penetrates through the vacuum container (1) or the sealing pipe (11) to be connected with the cooling liner (3); the output shaft of the cooling device is coaxially arranged with the cooling container (3), and the output shaft is inserted with the cooling container (3) or the discharge pipe (201).
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