CN112044950A - 3D-SPD (three-dimensional-Surge protective device) forming method for large-size superfine pearlite medium-carbon steel bar - Google Patents
3D-SPD (three-dimensional-Surge protective device) forming method for large-size superfine pearlite medium-carbon steel bar Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/16—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
Abstract
The invention discloses a 3D-SPD (three-dimensional-Surge-protective) forming method of a large-size superfine pearlite medium carbon steel bar, which relates to the technical field of superfine crystal preparation, in particular to a 3D-SPD forming method of a large-size superfine pearlite medium carbon steel bar, and comprises the following steps: tool design and deformation parameter determination: firstly, establishing a finite element model of a 3D-SPD (three-dimensional-Surge protective device) of a medium carbon steel bar by using a finite element simulation technology, and setting convergence conditions as follows: the torsion angle of any mass point in the deformation zone is not less than 200 degrees, and the shapes of the deformation tools of the roller and the guide plate, the taper angle alpha of the roller surface, the feed angle beta, the rolling angle gamma, the pass ovality coefficient and the roller spacing adjusting parameters are determined; the method can expand the interlayer spacing of the refined pearlite plates, greatly improve the mechanical property of the material, and reduce energy consumption through relatively low rolling temperature; the adoption of the pressure-torsion composite 3D-SPD process avoids the prior need of adding expensive alloy elements to achieve the expected performance of the material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of superfine crystal preparation, in particular to a 3D-SPD (three-dimensional-Surge protective device) forming method of a large-size superfine pearlite medium carbon steel bar.
Background
In recent years, ultra-fine grain/nano-grain materials have received attention from experts in the material field of various countries around the world due to their excellent properties. The grain size is continuously reduced to increase the toughness of polycrystalline materials, and particularly, the research results of the Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) technology have been highlighted. Currently, the mainstream SPD process includes five methods of High Pressure Torsion (HPT), equal channel angular Extrusion (ECAP), cumulative pack rolling (ARB), Multidirectional Forging (MF), and Torsional Extrusion (TE). However, these SPD methods also have significant limitations, mainly manifested by:
(1) the severe deformation zone has poor permeability which is only generated near the surface layer of the workpiece-die or workpiece-workpiece and does not penetrate into the core part of the workpiece, i.e. the deformation zone has small penetration depth or poor penetration capability, thus being far incapable of meeting the requirements of preparing industrial large-size full-body ultrafine grained materials.
(2) In the deformation process of the existing SPD technology, enough hydrostatic pressure plays an important role in inhibiting deformation defects such as cracks and the like and restraining the free deformation of materials to strengthen the deformation accumulation effect, so that the forming load (average unit pressure reaches GPa level) of the existing various SPD methods is far higher than that of the conventional plastic deformation method (generally MPa level), and the engineering application of the SPD technology in the field of large-size block material preparation is severely restricted.
Reports on the superfine crystal process of the superfine pearlite medium carbon steel are rarely reported at home and abroad. However, the superfine pearlite has the advantages of high strength, high toughness and the like, so that the superfine pearlite has broad application prospects in the processing field.
The preparation method of the superfine pearlite high-strength rail steel disclosed in the Chinese patent with the publication number CN1884606A adopts a hot temperature deformation process, and elements such as Nb, V, Cr, rare earth and the like are added into the rail steel disclosed in the Chinese patents with the publication numbers CN1155013C, CN1044723C, CN1107735C and CN1754973A, and the rolling or the heat treatment after the rolling is controlled. The pearlite lamellar spacing formed by the process disclosed in the above patent is too large, the heat treatment process is complicated, and the energy consumption and production cost are increased, so that the current performance requirements for high-strength and high-toughness steel cannot be met.
Patent CN 107587076A mentions a method for producing a large-diameter ferrite + pearlite non-quenched and tempered steel bar for a crankshaft, which is characterized in that the grain size of the prepared structure is in the grade of 6-7 and the deformation is not uniform though the forming specification is larger by controlling the heating system of a continuous casting billet and conventional means such as multi-pass rolling.
The patent of CN 103572023B by Nanjing Steel products GmbH, 29135, Wangdao et al proposes a method for preparing ultra-fine crystals on the surface layer of a thick plate/extra-thick plate of low alloy steel. The method also rolls in an austenite region to refine austenite grains on the surface layer, and then rapidly cools to obtain a thick steel plate with a fine grain structure on the surface layer, although a plate with the thickness of 80mm is prepared, the refining effect difference between the surface layer structure and the core structure is obvious, deformation does not permeate into the core, and the plate is fine grain only in the surface layer (1-10 mm).
Equidistant spiral and reverse conical spiral roller superfine crystal rolling methods of large-size 45 steel superfine crystal bars are mentioned in patents (CN 108580548A) and (CN 108480397A) by Liudong research teams of northwest industrial university and Western-An building science and technology university, and 45 steel large-size superfine crystal bars with the diameter of 1-5 mu m are prepared.
However, the prior art has the following limitations to be improved: the grain refinement degree needs to be further improved to meet the requirement of higher service performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a novel 3D-SPD forming method for a large-size superfine pearlite medium carbon steel bar, which accumulates overlarge torsional deformation.
The invention relates to a 3D-SPD forming method of a large-size superfine pearlite medium carbon steel bar, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, tool design and deformation parameter determination: firstly, establishing a finite element model of a 3D-SPD (three-dimensional-Surge protective device) of a medium carbon steel bar by using a finite element simulation technology, and setting convergence conditions as follows: the torsion angle of any mass point in the deformation zone is not less than 200 degrees, and the shapes of the deformation tools of the roller and the guide plate, the taper angle alpha of the roller surface, the feed angle beta, the rolling angle gamma, the pass ovality coefficient and the roller spacing adjusting parameters are determined;
if the blank meets the convergence condition under the action of the determined deformation tool, roll surface taper angle alpha, feed angle beta, rolling angle gamma, hole pattern ovality coefficient and roll spacing adjustment parameters, the next step is carried out, and if the convergence condition is not met, the first step is repeated until the convergence condition is met;
and step two, machining, preparing and installing a deformation tool: according to the parameters input when the convergence conditions are met, the deformation tools of the roller and the guide plate are designed, and the parameters are the optimal process parameters;
designing a rolling angle adjusting cushion block, designing a feed angle adjusting tool, then finishing the preparation, processing, installation and debugging work of a roller, a guide plate, the rolling angle adjusting cushion block and the feed angle adjusting tool,
thirdly, deformation parameter adjustment: after the installation and debugging are finished, adjusting the roll surface taper angle alpha, the feed angle beta, the rolling angle gamma, the pass ovality coefficient and the roll spacing parameter of the rolling mill according to the optimal process parameters;
step four, heating the blank: placing the blank with the diameter of 40-90mm and the length of 300-1000mm in a heating furnace, heating to 600-727 ℃, and calculating the heating time t = Dx (0.6-0.8) min, wherein D is the diameter of the blank and the unit is mm;
and fifthly, 3D-SPD test: transferring the blank heated to the temperature into a guide chute of a rolling mill from a heating furnace for 8s, feeding the blank through the guide chute, conveying the blank into a deformation zone between rollers, spirally moving the blank in the deformation zone until the deformation is finished, completely separating from the deformation zone, and carrying out isothermal quenching on the rolled blank;
the austempering temperature is the pearlite transformation temperature.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the feeding angle beta is greater than 21 degrees, the rolling angle gamma is greater than 15 degrees, the roller rotating speed n is less than 30r/min, the ovality coefficient is less than 1.02 degrees, and the roller surface taper angle alpha of the deformation zone is greater than 4 degrees.
Preferably, in the fifth step, when the billet is rolled in the deformation zone, the surface reduction rate is greater than 75%, and the surface reduction rate is as follows: the ratio of the difference between the original area and the rolled area to the original area is coarsened until the roughness is more than 6.4.
Preferably, the rolled blank is subjected to isothermal quenching, the temperature of the isothermal quenching is 550-700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20 min.
The method can expand the interlayer spacing of the refined pearlite plates, greatly improve the mechanical property of the material, and reduce energy consumption through relatively low rolling temperature; the adoption of the pressure-torsion composite 3D-SPD process avoids the prior need of adding expensive alloy elements to achieve the expected performance of the material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a finite element model of a 3D-SPD of a medium carbon steel bar.
Fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the deformation zone in the rolling process of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the twist angle of the deformation region.
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the original structure of the 45-bar steel in example 1.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the rolled structure of the 45-bar steel in example 1.
Reference numerals: 1-blank, 2-roller and 3-guide plate.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a 3D-SPD forming method of a large-size superfine pearlite medium carbon steel bar, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, tool design and deformation parameter determination: firstly, establishing a finite element model of a 3D-SPD (three-dimensional-Surge protective device) of a medium carbon steel bar by using a finite element simulation technology, and setting convergence conditions as follows: the torsion angle of any mass point in the deformation zone is not less than 200 degrees, and the shape of the deformation tools of the roller 2 and the guide plate 3, the taper angle alpha of the roller surface, the feed angle beta, the rolling angle gamma, the pass ovality coefficient and the roller spacing adjusting parameters are determined;
if the blank 1 meets the convergence condition under the action of the determined deformation tool and roll surface taper angle alpha, feed angle beta, rolling angle gamma, hole pattern ovality coefficient and roll spacing adjustment parameters, carrying out the next step, and if the convergence condition is not met, repeating the first step until the convergence condition is met;
and step two, machining, preparing and installing a deformation tool: according to the parameters input when the convergence conditions are met, the deformation tools of the roller 2 and the guide plate 3 are designed, and the parameters are the optimal process parameters;
designing a rolling angle adjusting cushion block, designing a feeding angle adjusting tool, then finishing the preparation, processing, installation and debugging work of the roller 2, the guide plate 3, the rolling angle adjusting cushion block and the feeding angle adjusting tool,
thirdly, deformation parameter adjustment: after the installation and debugging are finished, adjusting the roll surface taper angle alpha, the feed angle beta, the rolling angle gamma, the pass ovality coefficient and the roll spacing parameter of the rolling mill according to the optimal process parameters;
step four, heating the blank: placing the blank 1 with the diameter of 40-90mm and the length of 300-1000mm in a heating furnace, heating to 600-727 ℃, and calculating the heating time t = Dx (0.6-0.8) min, wherein D is the diameter of the blank 1 and is in mm;
and fifthly, 3D-SPD test: transferring the blank 1 heated to the temperature from the heating furnace to a material guide groove of a rolling mill for 8s, feeding the blank 1 through the material guide groove, feeding the blank 1 into a deformation area between rollers 2, spirally moving the blank 1 in the deformation area until the deformation is finished, completely separating from the deformation area,
the temperature of austempering is the pearlite transformation temperature.
In the fifth step, the feeding angle beta is larger than 21 degrees, the rolling angle gamma is larger than 15 degrees, the rotating speed n of the roller 2 is smaller than 30r/min, the ovality coefficient is smaller than 1.02, and the roller surface taper angle alpha of the deformation area is larger than 4 degrees.
In the fifth step, when the blank 1 is rolled in a deformation zone, the surface shrinkage is more than 75 percent, and the surface shrinkage is as follows: the ratio of the difference between the original area and the rolled area to the original area is coarsened until the roughness is more than 6.4.
And (3) carrying out isothermal quenching on the rolled blank, wherein the temperature of the isothermal quenching is 550-700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20 min.
In the forming process, the deformation body generates severe torsion and compression composite plastic deformation in a three-dimensional space, the method is named as a three-dimensional severe plastic deformation method, and is named as a three-dimensional super large plastic deformation method, namely a 3D-SPD forming method, English: 3 Dimensional Server Plastic Deformations, 3D-SPD for short.
Example 1
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below by specific examples. The following example illustrates a 45 steel bar of blank 1 having a gauge of 80 x 600, however, the invention is not limited thereto and bars of other gauges may be produced by the method of the invention.
The production process of this example is as follows:
the purchased 45 steel bar is obtained by a manufacturer through smelting, forging and machining in a vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace, and the quality of the 45 steel bar meets the rolling requirement. The structures of all parts of the cylindrical blank 1 are uniformly distributed, and defects such as inclusions, pores and the like are not found.
Firstly, tool design and deformation parameter determination: firstly, establishing a finite element model of a 45 steel bar 3D-SPD by using a finite element simulation technology, and setting convergence conditions as follows: the torsion angle of any mass point in the deformation zone is not less than 200 degrees, and when the roll surface taper angle alpha =5 degrees, the feeding angle beta =23 degrees, the rolling angle gamma =17 degrees, the hole pattern ovality coefficient =1.01 degrees and the roll distance =25mm, the torsion angle =240 degrees is calculated through finite elements.
And step two, machining, preparing and installing a deformation tool: according to the determined optimal process parameters: designing a model of the roller 2 and the guide plate 3, wherein the roller face taper angle alpha =5 °, the feeding angle beta =23 °, the rolling angle gamma =17 °, the pass ovality coefficient =1.01, and the roller spacing =25 mm; and designing an adjusting cushion block, and then finishing the preparation, processing, installation and debugging work of the roller 2, the guide plate 3 and the adjusting cushion block.
Thirdly, deformation parameter adjustment: after the installation and debugging are finished, adjusting a feeding angle beta =23 degrees, a rolling angle gamma =17 degrees, a hole pattern ovality coefficient =1.01 and a roll spacing =25mm of a rolling mill according to the optimal process parameters;
step four, heating the blank 1: placing a 45 steel blank 1 with the diameter of 50mm and the length of 600mm in a heating furnace, heating to 650 ℃, and calculating the heating time t =35min, wherein D is the diameter of the blank 1 and the unit is mm;
and fifthly, 3D-SPD test: transferring the blank 1 heated to the temperature from the heating furnace to a guide chute of a rolling mill for 8s, feeding the blank 1 through the guide chute, conveying the blank 1 to a deformation area between rollers 2, rotating the rollers 2 at a speed of 25r/min, spirally moving the blank 1 in the deformation area until the deformation is finished, completely separating from the deformation area, wherein the surface shrinkage is 75%, carrying out isothermal quenching on the blank 1 after the rolling is finished, keeping the isothermal quenching temperature at 560 ℃, and carrying out air cooling to the room temperature after heat preservation for 20 min.
When the blank 1 is rolled and deformed, the temperature of the blank 1 is in the temperature range of austenite and ferrite, the temperature is 650 ℃, the isothermal quenching temperature is the pearlite transformation temperature, and the temperature is 560 ℃.
The original structure is shown in FIG. 6, and the average size of the crystal grains is 55 μm; by adopting the method, the rolled pearlite structure is shown in figure 7, and the measurement shows that after the 3D-SPD process, the structure lamella spacing is about 60nm, the high strength and toughness performance can be obtained, and the application prospect is very wide.
Claims (4)
1. The 3D-SPD forming method of the large-size superfine pearlite medium carbon steel bar is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, tool design and deformation parameter determination: firstly, establishing a finite element model of a 3D-SPD (three-dimensional-Surge protective device) of a medium carbon steel bar by using a finite element simulation technology, and setting convergence conditions as follows: the torsion angle of any mass point in the deformation zone is not less than 200 degrees, and the shapes of the deformation tools of the roller and the guide plate, the taper angle alpha of the roller surface, the feed angle beta, the rolling angle gamma, the pass ovality coefficient and the roller spacing adjusting parameters are determined;
if the blank meets the convergence condition under the action of the determined deformation tool, roll surface taper angle alpha, feed angle beta, rolling angle gamma, hole pattern ovality coefficient and roll spacing adjustment parameters, the next step is carried out, and if the convergence condition is not met, the first step is repeated until the convergence condition is met;
and step two, machining, preparing and installing a deformation tool: according to the parameters input when the convergence conditions are met, the deformation tools of the roller and the guide plate are designed, and the parameters are the optimal process parameters;
designing a rolling angle adjusting cushion block, designing a feed angle adjusting tool, then finishing the preparation, processing, installation and debugging work of a roller, a guide plate, the rolling angle adjusting cushion block and the feed angle adjusting tool,
thirdly, deformation parameter adjustment: after the installation and debugging are finished, adjusting the roll surface taper angle alpha, the feed angle beta, the rolling angle gamma, the pass ovality coefficient and the roll spacing parameter of the rolling mill according to the optimal process parameters;
step four, heating the blank: placing the blank with the diameter of 40-90mm and the length of 300-1000mm in a heating furnace, heating to 600-727 ℃, and calculating the heating time t = Dx (0.6-0.8) min, wherein D is the diameter of the blank and the unit is mm;
fifthly, 3D-SPD forming: transferring the blank heated to the temperature from the heating furnace into a material guide groove of a rolling mill for 8s, feeding the blank through the material guide groove, conveying the blank into a deformation zone between rollers, spirally moving the blank in the deformation zone until the deformation is finished, completely separating from the deformation zone, and carrying out isothermal quenching on the rolled blank.
2. The 3D-SPD forming method of large-size ultrafine pearlite medium carbon steel bar according to claim 1, characterized in that in the fifth step, the feeding angle β is greater than 21 °, the rolling angle γ is greater than 15 °, the roller rotation speed n is less than 30r/min, the ovality coefficient is less than 1.02, and the roller face cone angle α of the deformation zone is greater than 4 °.
3. The 3D-SPD forming method of large size ultrafine pearlite medium carbon steel bar according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, when the billet is rolled in the deformation zone, the ratio of the difference of the surface shrinkage rate is greater than 75% to the original area, and the roll surface is coarsened to a roughness greater than 6.4.
4. The 3D-SPD forming method of the large-size ultrafine pearlite medium carbon steel bar according to claim 1, characterized in that in the fifth step, the rolled blank is subjected to isothermal quenching, the isothermal quenching temperature is 550-700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20 min.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113430359A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-24 | 西北工业大学 | High-strength and high-toughness rolling method for large-size gun steel bar |
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Effective date of registration: 20220324 Address after: 234200 No. 8, phase 4, bearing industrial park, North Development Zone, Lingbi County, Suzhou City, Anhui Province Patentee after: Anhui Hanzheng Bearing Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: Beilin District Shaanxi province Xi'an City friendship road 710072 No. 127 Patentee before: Northwestern Polytechnical University |