CN112044587B - Fluidized bed dry separation equipment and method - Google Patents
Fluidized bed dry separation equipment and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112044587B CN112044587B CN202010863863.7A CN202010863863A CN112044587B CN 112044587 B CN112044587 B CN 112044587B CN 202010863863 A CN202010863863 A CN 202010863863A CN 112044587 B CN112044587 B CN 112044587B
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000005686 electrostatic field Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002801 charged material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B7/00—Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B4/00—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs
- B03B4/06—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs using fixed and inclined tables ; using stationary pneumatic tables, e.g. fluidised beds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
- B03C7/02—Separators
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- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
- Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses fluidized bed dry separation equipment and a fluidized bed dry separation method, which are suitable for fluidized dry separation of fine coal. Including fluidized bed and air chamber, be equipped with the grid plate between fluidized bed and the air chamber, one side of grid plate is equipped with electrode wiring end I, fluidized bed top metal plate electrode, be equipped with electrode wiring end I on the metal plate electrode, fluidized bed lateral wall top is equipped with induced air dust collecting equipment, fluidized bed lateral wall top is equipped with the feed inlet, lateral wall below both sides are equipped with two discharge gates respectively, the level of two discharge gates is different, near being equipped with a plurality of reverse guide plates of evenly distributed along the horizontal direction in discharge gate, the air chamber lateral wall is equipped with the pipeline, pipeline and air feed system intercommunication, the grid plate passes through electrode wiring end I and is connected with the positive power supply of high-voltage static source, metal plate electrode passes through electrode wiring end II and is connected with the negative power supply of high-voltage static source. The sorting machine has the advantages of simple structure, low operation cost, convenient use, high sorting efficiency and wide practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a separation device and a separation method, in particular to a fluidized bed dry separation device and a fluidized bed dry separation method suitable for fluidized dry separation of fine coal, and belongs to the technical field of mineral processing.
Background
With the progress of coal mining technology, the degree of mechanization is improved, the content of fine-grained coal in the mined raw coal is continuously increased, and the full utilization of coal resources is influenced. With the change of coal occurrence conditions in China, the effective separation of fine coal becomes increasingly important.
The development and utilization of mineral resources in China are mainly concentrated in the eastern region, the fine coal is mostly sorted by adopting a wet sorting process, and the development of efficient sorting equipment and a matching process in the western region due to drought and water shortage have important significance for the utilization of abundant mineral resources in the western region.
At present, both dry separation and frictional electrostatic separation of a fine coal gas-solid fluidized bed are very important at home and abroad, but the research on fluidized separation at home and abroad is less, the fluidized separation efficiency is lower, and most of various frictional electric separators designed by scholars at home and abroad cannot meet the industrial application. At present, efficient fine particle dry separation technology is urgently needed in the aspects of fine coal, fly ash, mineral separation and the like. The fluidized bed dry separation equipment provided by the invention enhances the fluidized bed dry separation by an additional downstream power plant, combines the advantages of two fine particle dry separation methods, and is beneficial to enhancing the separation efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides fluidized bed dry separation equipment and a fluidized bed dry separation method.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to realize the aim, the fluidized bed dry separation equipment comprises a gas-solid fluidized bed body, a high-voltage electrostatic source and an air supply system; the gas-solid fluidized bed body comprises a fluidized bed and an air chamber which are of a rectangular structure, the fluidized bed and the air chamber are arranged up and down and are connected through flanges, an air distribution plate is arranged between the flanges of the fluidized bed and the air chamber, one side of the air distribution plate is provided with an electrode wiring terminal I, the top of the fluidized bed is provided with a metal electrode plate which covers the top of the fluidized bed, the electrode wiring terminal II is arranged on the metal electrode plate, the top of the side wall of the fluidized bed is provided with an induced air dust removal device, a feeding port is arranged above the side wall of the fluidized bed, two discharging ports are respectively arranged on two sides below the side wall, the horizontal heights of the two discharging ports are different, so that light and heavy materials are separately discharged, the mutual interference of products is reduced, the separation effect is ensured, a plurality of reverse guide plates which are uniformly distributed are arranged along the horizontal direction near the discharging ports, the side wall of the air chamber is provided with a pipeline which is communicated with an air supply system, and the air distribution plate is connected with a positive power supply of a high-voltage electrostatic source through the electrode wiring terminal I, the metal electrode plate is connected with a negative power supply of a high-voltage electrostatic power supply through an electrode wiring terminal II, a downstream electric field is formed between the electrode wiring terminal I and the electrode wiring terminal II, coal particles after friction are positively charged, move to the upper layer towards the negative plate, mineral particles are negatively charged, and move to the lower layer towards the positive plate, so that a high-voltage electrostatic field is formed inside the fluidized bed.
The air distribution plate is a metal sintering net, the gap structure is irregular, the air distribution plate has no requirement on the shape of the gap, the gap is uniformly distributed, the diameter range of the gap is 1-100 micrometers, and the metal electrode plate is an aluminum plate or a copper plate;
the guide plate is insulating material and constitutes, and its structure is that the rectangle structure can be dismantled, and the length, interval, the angle of guide plate all can be adjusted, and concrete parameter can be adjusted according to the nature difference of material, and wherein length sets up to 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm or 5cm, and the interval sets up to 3cm, 5cm, 8cm or 10cm, and the angle sets up to be 30 °, 45 or 60 with horizontal contained angle, fully guarantees to select separately the scope and select separately the effect.
The air supply system comprises a fan and an air quantity adjusting system; the specific fan is a high-pressure fan, and the air pressure is 30 kPa-500 kPa.
The induced air dust removal equipment comprises a cyclone collector and a bag-type dust remover.
The reverse guide plate can realize reverse discharge of light and heavy products, realize countercurrent separation of materials to be selected in the fluidized bed, and effectively prevent product pollution.
The high-voltage electrostatic field formed in the fluidized bed is a downstream electric field, the field intensity of the electrostatic field is adjustable, different field intensities are set according to different material properties during use, the material is easy to be charged and is low in field intensity, the material is not easy to be charged and is high in field intensity, the field intensity is 0.5 kV/cm-30 kV/cm, and the distance between the polar plates is 10 cm-100 cm.
A fluidized bed dry separation method comprises the following steps:
feeding the crushed raw coal particle feeder into a fluidized bed from a feeding port until the height reaches one half to two thirds of the height of the internal space of the fluidized bed, starting an air supply system, supplying air from a pipeline to an air chamber by using a fan, uniformly distributing the air in the air chamber, then penetrating an air distribution plate to enter the fluidized bed, and fluidizing fine-grained coal by the air supply pressure;
the fluidized raw coal particles realize the reverse movement of light and heavy products based on the fluidized fluid-like property under the action of a reverse guide plate horizontally arranged in the fluidized bed, so that the light and heavy products in the raw coal particles are respectively discharged from two discharge ports of the fluidized bed, the heavy products are discharged from a discharge port with a low horizontal position, and the light products are discharged from a discharge port with a high horizontal position;
raw coal particles left in a fluidized bed are in batch when the raw coal particles are changed into a stable fluid-like state, an electrode terminal I and an electrode terminal II of a metal sintering net and a metal electrode plate are conducted with an external high-voltage electrostatic source, so that the metal sintering net and the metal electrode plate are electrified, a high-voltage electrostatic field is formed in the fluidized bed, the raw coal particles are fluidized and collided with each other under the action of wind power to be charged, the charged raw coal particles are separated under the action of the high-voltage electrostatic field due to the dielectric property difference of different components in the raw coal particles, clean coal is positively charged and moves towards the upper part of the fluidized bed, tail coal is negatively charged and moves towards the bottom of the fluidized bed, uncharged materials are not changed, the clean coal and the tail coal respectively move towards upper and lower electrode plates under the action of a forward flow electric field, and the reverse discharge of the coal and the tail coal is realized under the action of a reverse flow guide plate, the tail coal is discharged from the discharge hole with the low horizontal position, the clean coal is discharged from the discharge hole with the high horizontal position, the reverse separation of clean coal particles and tail coal particles is realized, the coal and mineral particles are respectively discharged from the upper discharge hole and the lower discharge hole on the two sides of the fluidized bed while being layered up and down, and the product pollution interference caused by the traditional simultaneous discharge is avoided.
Has the advantages that: the invention combines the advantages of two dry methods for separating fine particles, and achieves the purpose of efficient dry separation of fine coal in a fluidized bed. Meanwhile, in order to further enhance the separation effect, a novel method for realizing reverse discharge of the light and heavy products by arranging a reverse guide plate is provided, so that the light and heavy products are separated in a fluidized bed in a counter-current manner, the light and heavy products are respectively enriched and discharged to two ends while being layered up and down, and the product pollution interference caused by the same-end discharge in the traditional method is avoided. The air distribution plate of the fluidized bed adopts a metal sintering net, the metal sintering net is used as an electrode plate, the metal electrode plate is arranged above the fluidized bed, the two electrode plates are connected with an external high-voltage power supply to form a high-voltage electrostatic field, the direction of the electrostatic field is consistent with the sorting direction of the fluidized bed, particles are further separated and layered, and the sorting effect is enhanced. The invention has the advantages of stability, reliability, simple operation, high separation efficiency and wide practicability, and is particularly suitable for fluidized dry separation of fine coal.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a fluidized bed dry separation apparatus according to the present invention
FIG. 2 is a right side view of the fluidized bed dry separation apparatus of the present invention
In the figure: a feeding port-1, a fluidized bed-2, a discharge port-3, an air chamber-4, a pipeline-5, an air distribution plate-6, a reverse guide plate-7, a metal electrode plate-8, an electrode terminal I-9, an induced air dust removal device-10 and an electrode terminal II-11.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in attached drawings 1 and 2, the fluidized bed dry separation equipment comprises a gas-solid fluidized bed body, a high-voltage electrostatic source and an air supply system; the air supply system comprises a fan and an air quantity adjusting system; the specific fan is a high-pressure fan, the air pressure is 30-500 kPa, the gas-solid fluidized bed body comprises a fluidized bed 2 and an air chamber 4 which are of rectangular structures, the fluidized bed 2 and the air chamber 4 are arranged up and down and are connected through flanges, an air distribution plate 6 is arranged between the flanges of the fluidized bed 2 and the air chamber 4, the air distribution plate 6 is a metal sintering net, the gap structure is irregular, the air distribution plate has no requirement on the shape of the gap, the gap is uniformly distributed, the diameter range of the gap is 1-100 micrometers, and a metal electrode plate 8 is an aluminum plate or a copper plate; one side of the air distribution plate 6 is provided with an electrode wiring terminal I9, the top of the fluidized bed 2 is provided with a metal electrode plate 8 covering the top of the fluidized bed, the metal electrode plate 8 is provided with an electrode wiring terminal II 11, the top of the side wall of the fluidized bed 2 is provided with an induced draft dust removal device 10, the induced draft dust removal device 10 comprises a cyclone collector and a bag-type dust remover, a feeding port 1 is arranged above the side wall of the fluidized bed 2, two discharging ports 3 are respectively arranged at two sides below the side wall, the horizontal heights of the two discharging ports 3 are different, so that light and heavy materials are separated and discharged, the mutual interference of the products is reduced, the separation effect is ensured, a plurality of reverse guide plates 7 which are uniformly distributed are arranged near the discharging ports 3 along the horizontal direction, the reverse guide plates 7 can realize the reverse discharge of the light and heavy products, the reverse separation of the materials to be separated in the fluidized bed is realized, the product pollution is effectively prevented, the side wall of the air chamber 4 is provided with a pipeline 5, and the pipeline 5 is communicated with an air supply system, the air distribution plate 6 is connected with a positive power supply of a high-voltage electrostatic power supply through an electrode terminal I9, the metal electrode plate 8 is connected with a negative power supply of the high-voltage electrostatic power supply through an electrode terminal II 11, and a downstream electric field is formed between the electrode terminal I9 and the electrode terminal II 11, so that coal particles after friction are positively charged, move to the upper layer of the negative electrode plate, mineral particles are negatively charged, move to the lower layer of the positive electrode plate, and accordingly a high-voltage electrostatic field is formed inside the fluidized bed 2.
The guide plate 7 is made of insulating materials, the structure of the guide plate is rectangular, the guide plate 7 can be detached, the length, the distance and the angle can be adjusted, specific parameters can be adjusted according to property differences of materials, the length is set to be 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm or 5cm, the distance is set to be 3cm, 5cm, 8cm or 10cm, the angle is set to be 30 degrees, 45 degrees or 60 degrees with the horizontal included angle, and the separation range and the separation effect are fully guaranteed.
The high-voltage electrostatic field formed in the fluidized bed 2 is a downstream electric field, the field intensity of the electrostatic field is adjustable, different field intensities are set according to different material properties during use, the material is easy to be charged and is low in field intensity, the material is not easy to be charged and is high in field intensity, the field intensity is 0.5 kV/cm-30 kV/cm, and the distance between the polar plates is 10 cm-100 cm.
A fluidized bed dry separation method comprises the following steps:
feeding the crushed raw coal particle feeder into the fluidized bed 2 from the feeding port 1 until the height reaches one half to two thirds of the height of the internal space of the fluidized bed 2, starting an air supply system, supplying air from a pipeline 5 to an air chamber 4 by using a fan, uniformly distributing the air in the air chamber 4, then penetrating through an air distribution plate 6 to enter the fluidized bed 2, and fluidizing fine coal particles by the air supply pressure;
the fluidized raw coal particles realize the reverse movement of light and heavy products based on the fluidized fluid-like property under the action of a reverse guide plate 7 horizontally arranged in the fluidized bed 2, so that the light and heavy products in the raw coal particles are respectively discharged from two discharge ports 3 of the fluidized bed 2, the heavy products are discharged from the discharge port 3 with a low horizontal position, and the light products are discharged from the discharge port 3 with a high horizontal position;
raw coal particles left in the fluidized bed 2 are turned into a stable fluid-like state, the metal sintering net and an electrode terminal I9 and an electrode terminal II 11 of a metal electrode plate 8 are conducted with an external high-voltage electrostatic source, so that the metal sintering net and the metal electrode plate 8 are electrified, a high-voltage electrostatic field is formed in the fluidized bed 2, the raw coal particles are fluidized and mutually collided and rubbed under the action of wind power to be charged, the charged raw coal particles are separated under the action of the high-voltage electrostatic field due to the dielectric property difference of different components in the raw coal particles, clean coal is positively charged and moves towards the upper part of the fluidized bed, tail coal is negatively charged and moves towards the bottom of the fluidized bed, uncharged materials are not changed, the clean coal and the tail coal respectively move towards the upper and lower electrode plates under the action of a downstream electric field, and the reverse discharge of the coal and the tail coal is realized under the action of a reverse flow guide plate 7, the tail coal is discharged from the discharge port 3 with a low horizontal position, the clean coal is discharged from the discharge port 3 with a high horizontal position, the reverse separation of clean coal particles and tail coal particles is realized, the coal and mineral particles are respectively discharged from the upper discharge port 3 and the lower discharge port 3 on the two sides of the fluidized bed 2 while being layered up and down, and the product pollution interference caused by the traditional simultaneous discharge of the materials is avoided.
The first embodiment is as follows:
fine-grain raw coal with the grain diameter of-3 mm is fed into the gas-solid fluidized bed through a feeding port 1 in the middle of the fluidized bed 2 by a feeding machine, an air supply system is opened, air is supplied to the fluidized bed 2 by a fan, the air of the air supply system enters an air chamber 4 through a pipeline 5 and then enters the fluidized bed through an air distribution plate 5, and the material is fluidized by wind power, wherein the air distribution plate adopts a metal sintering net, has conductivity and is used as an electrode plate.
The upper part of the fluidized bed 2 is provided with a metal electrode plate 8 which can be made of an aluminum plate, a copper plate or other metal plates; the reverse guide plates 7 which are horizontally arranged are arranged in the fluidized bed, the length, the interval, the angle and the like of the reverse guide plates 7 can be adjusted, and the reverse movement of light and heavy products is realized based on the fluidized fluid-like property, so that the light and heavy products are discharged at two ends of the fluidized bed 2 respectively.
After the material fluidization is stable, the electrode terminals 9 and 11 of the metal sintering net 5 and the metal electrode plate 8 are connected with an external high-voltage electrostatic source, the electrode power source is started, so that the metal sintering net 5 and the metal electrode plate 8 are charged, a high-voltage electrostatic field is formed in the fluidized bed 2, material particles collide with each other and rub to form charge, the charged material is separated under the action of the high-voltage electrostatic field due to the difference of dielectric properties of different components, the motion trail of the uncharged material is not changed, for coal and minerals, the coal particles are positively charged, the mineral particles are negatively charged, the coal particles respectively move to the upper and lower electrode plates under the action of a downstream electric field, the reverse discharge of the coal and the minerals is realized under the action of a reverse guide plate 7, the reverse separation of the coal and the mineral particles in the fluidized bed is realized, the coal and the mineral particles are respectively enriched to two ends of the fluidized bed 2 while being layered up and down, the product is discharged through the discharge ports 3 at the two ends of the fluidized bed 2, so that the product pollution interference caused by the same-end discharge in the traditional method is avoided.
Claims (6)
1. A fluidized bed dry separation equipment is characterized in that: it comprises a gas-solid fluidized bed body, a high-voltage electrostatic source and an air supply system; the gas-solid fluidized bed body comprises a fluidized bed (2) and an air chamber (4) which are of a rectangular structure, the fluidized bed (2) and the air chamber (4) are arranged up and down and are connected through flanges, an air distribution plate (6) is arranged between the flanges of the fluidized bed (2) and the air chamber (4), one side of the air distribution plate (6) is provided with an electrode wiring end I (9), the top of the fluidized bed (2) is provided with a metal electrode plate (8) covering the top of the fluidized bed (2), the metal electrode plate (8) is provided with an electrode wiring end II (11), the top of the side wall of the fluidized bed (2) is provided with an induced air dust removal device (10), a feeding port (1) is arranged above the side wall of the fluidized bed (2), two discharging ports (3) are respectively arranged on two sides below the side wall, the two discharging ports (3) are different in horizontal height and are used for realizing separate discharging of light and heavy materials, mutual interference of products is reduced, the separation effect is ensured, a plurality of reverse guide plates (7) which are uniformly distributed along the horizontal direction near the discharging ports (3), the side wall of the air chamber (4) is provided with a pipeline (5), the pipeline (5) is communicated with an air supply system, an air distribution plate (6) is connected with a positive power supply of a high-voltage electrostatic power supply through an electrode terminal I (9), a metal electrode plate (8) is connected with a negative power supply of the high-voltage electrostatic power supply through an electrode terminal II (11), a downstream electric field is formed between the electrode terminal I (9) and the electrode terminal II (11), so that the rubbed coal particles are positively charged, move to the upper layer towards the negative electrode plate, are negatively charged towards the positive electrode plate and move to the lower layer towards the positive electrode plate, and further form a high-voltage electrostatic field inside the fluidized bed (2);
the guide plate (7) is made of insulating materials, the structure of the guide plate is rectangular, the guide plate can be disassembled, the length, the interval and the angle of the guide plate (7) can be adjusted, specific parameters can be adjusted according to the property difference of materials, wherein the length is set to be 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm or 5cm, the interval is set to be 3cm, 5cm, 8cm or 10cm, the angle is set to be 30 degrees, 45 degrees or 60 degrees from the horizontal, and the separation range and the separation effect are fully ensured; the reverse guide plate (7) can realize reverse discharge of light and heavy products, realize the countercurrent separation of the materials to be selected in the fluidized bed, and effectively prevent product pollution.
2. The fluidized bed dry sorting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the air distribution plate (6) is irregular in metal sintering net gap structure, does not have requirements on the shape of the gap when being used as the air distribution plate, the gap is uniformly distributed, the diameter range of the gap is 1-100 micrometers, and the metal electrode plate (8) is an aluminum plate or a copper plate.
3. The fluidized bed dry sorting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the air supply system comprises a fan and an air quantity adjusting system; the specific fan is a high-pressure fan, and the air pressure is 30 kPa-500 kPa.
4. The fluidized bed dry sorting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the induced air dust removal equipment (10) comprises a cyclone collector and a bag-type dust remover.
5. The fluidized bed dry sorting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the high-voltage electrostatic field formed in the fluidized bed (2) is a downstream electric field, the field intensity of the electrostatic field is adjustable, different field intensities are set according to different material properties during use, the material is easy to be charged and is low in field intensity, the material is not easy to be charged and is high in field intensity, the field intensity is 0.5 kV/cm-30 kV/cm, and the distance between the polar plates is 10 cm-100 cm.
6. A sorting method using the fluidized bed dry sorting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
feeding the crushed raw coal particle feeder into a fluidized bed (2) from a feeding port (1) until the height reaches one half to two thirds of the height of the inner space of the fluidized bed (2), starting an air supply system, supplying air from a pipeline (5) to an air chamber (4) by using a fan, uniformly distributing the air in the air chamber (4), then passing through an air distribution plate (6) to enter the fluidized bed (2), and fluidizing fine-grained coal by the air supply pressure;
the fluidized raw coal particles realize reverse movement of light and heavy products based on fluidized fluid-like properties under the action of a reverse guide plate (7) horizontally arranged in the fluidized bed (2), so that the light and heavy products in the raw coal particles are respectively discharged from two discharge ports (3) of the fluidized bed (2), the heavy products are discharged from the discharge port (3) with a low horizontal position, and the light products are discharged from the discharge port (3) with a high horizontal position;
raw coal particles left in the fluidized bed (2) are turned into a stable fluid-like state and are in batch connection, an electrode terminal I (9) and an electrode terminal II (11) of a metal sintering net and a metal electrode plate (8) are conducted with an external high-voltage electrostatic source, so that the metal sintering net and the metal electrode plate (8) are electrified, a high-voltage electrostatic field is formed in the fluidized bed (2), the raw coal particles are fluidized and collided with each other under the action of wind power to be charged, the charged raw coal particles are separated under the action of the high-voltage electrostatic field due to the dielectric property difference of different components in the raw coal particles, clean coal is positively charged and moves to the upper part of the fluidized bed, tail coal is negatively charged and moves to the bottom of the fluidized bed, uncharged materials are not changed, the clean coal and the tail coal respectively move to the upper and lower electrode plates under the action of a forward flow electric field, and reverse discharge of the coal and the tail coal is realized under the action of a reverse flow guide plate (7), the tail coal is discharged from the discharge port (3) with the low horizontal position, the clean coal is discharged from the discharge port (3) with the high horizontal position, the reverse flow separation of clean coal particles and tail coal particles is realized, the coal and mineral particles are respectively discharged from the upper discharge port and the lower discharge port (3) on the two sides of the fluidized bed (2) while being layered up and down, and the product pollution interference caused by the traditional simultaneous discharge is avoided.
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