CN112043436A

CN112043436A - Preparation method of oral function jaw pad

Info

Publication number: CN112043436A
Application number: CN202010920821.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭维华; 陈杰; 廖利君; 韩雪; 肖静宜
Original assignee: Sichuan University
Current assignee: Sichuan University
Priority date: 2020-04-24
Filing date: 2020-09-04
Publication date: 2020-12-08

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of oral cavity, and discloses a preparation method of a personalized oral cavity function jaw pad, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of scanning and acquiring the dentition three-dimensional data of the oral cavity of a patient by using a three-dimensional scanner, simultaneously acquiring the height of a jaw pad and the three-dimensional data of the jaw pad, forming a dentition-jaw pad integrated model, 3D printing, checking, correcting, pressing and the like. The invention is rapid and direct molding, only relates to a one-time 3D printing method, is called a one-step method for short, and is used for the design requirements of different fields of oral clinic.

Description

Preparation method of oral function jaw pad

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of oral cavity, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an oral cavity functional jaw pad, which is rapid and direct in forming and is suitable for clinical orthodontics, restoration, joints, oral cavity jaw faces and the like.

Background

The jaw pad technology is always an important part for oral clinical use, and the jaw pad is mainly applied to aspects of jaw diagnosis restoration, occlusion interference elimination, jaw treatment and the like in oral clinical application and is one of the most conventional treatment modes of oral joint departments, orthodontic departments, restoration departments and oral maxillofacial surgeries.

The conventional preparation method of the jaw pad in clinic at present utilizes a high polymer resin material, and the preparation method is carried out by high-temperature pressurization, pressing and one-step forming, the thickness is only about 2mm generally, the strength of the jaw pad is ensured, and the jaw pad has the advantages of certain elasticity and convenient taking and wearing.

Although the jaw pad is widely applied in oral clinic, different treatment purposes determine different hardness requirements of the jaw pad. In the department of oral joint, a slightly harder jaw pad is often needed, such as a nighttime molar jaw pad, a loose jaw pad, a joint jaw position reconstruction jaw pad and the like, to correct pathological occlusion, thereby providing support and guarantee for repairing bone-cartilage-ligament diseases and the like in bilateral temporomandibular joints. Secondly, for the department of restoration, a jaw pad with high hardness is needed to be used so as to satisfy complete denture restoration or restoration of lost chewing function by means of heavily worn dentition. In the field of orthodontics, the situations such as the anti-jaw of anterior teeth, the locked jaw of posterior teeth need to use the soft jaw pad to assist and open the occlusion and then carry out tooth movement correction, and the uncomfortable feelings such as mucosa oppression often can be increased to the too hard jaw pad and the discomfort of picking and wearing is also easily caused simultaneously. In particular, in the invisible orthodontic technology, it is required to provide a proper orthodontic force for tooth movement through a soft jaw pad without affecting the wearing and taking of an appliance. And fourthly, in the early correcting process of the children, the jaw position can be reconstructed after the occlusion is opened through the soft jaw pad, and meanwhile, the adaptation of the children patients is facilitated. In the invisible early correction of children, the hardness of different functional areas of the corrector needs to be different, compared with a softer correction area, a jaw position fixing area needs a jaw pad material with higher hardness, in oral and maxillofacial surgery, particularly in the field of orthognathic surgery, a harder jaw pad needs to perform the preparation positioning of the jaw, maintain the corrected back face shape and the like. Therefore, the jaw pad has wide and high applicability and specificity in various fields of the oral cavity, but different functions determine different hardness requirements of the jaw pad.

The hard tooth jaw pad, especially the hard tooth jaw pad adopted by the joint department, has stricter requirements on accurate and precise occlusion relation. The preparation of the conventional functional soft/hard jaw pad mainly adopts the traditional jaw frame type preparation technology, the preparation process is complex, firstly, after the occlusal relation is obtained in the oral cavity of a patient through paraffin or silicon rubber, the upper jaw and the lower jaw are transferred through a facebow and the like to be related to a fully adjustable jaw frame, then, a resin base for dentistry is filled on a retention device such as a snap ring and the like, the corrected jaw face is confirmed on the jaw frame to form the jaw pad, and finally, grinding and polishing are carried out. This kind of mode not only requires that the clinician has higher jaw position relation to shift, operation techniques such as jaw frame parameter setting, also needs the whole adjustable jaw frame of expensive and complicated to revise simultaneously, the operation degree of difficulty is big, the treatment cycle is long, preparation jaw pad hardness is great and elasticity is poor, to the extremely meticulous functional jaw pad of interlock reconstruction requirement, this kind of multistep subjective technique is extremely troublesome and laboursome and the flow is complicated and extremely makes mistakes, the later stage still needs clinical readjustment more, therefore need perfect the preparation flow and improve the accuracy thereby satisfy clinical actual's requirement fast.

The 3D printing technology is widely used in bioengineering, construction engineering and the like due to the characteristics of high efficiency, accuracy and the like, but due to the limitation of material performance, the hardness of the printed material is not suitable.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a preparation method for quickly and directly forming an oral functional jaw pad, which overcomes the defects of complicated preparation process, high difficulty, high cost and the like of the traditional functional jaw pad; the method has the advantages of preparing the jaw pad with low hardness, relatively soft property and high elasticity, along with convenient taking and wearing and rapid forming, thereby meeting the clinical requirements, realizing rapid and direct forming, reducing the operation flow and avoiding multi-step errors. Meanwhile, the jaw pad with higher hardness and proper transparency can be manufactured by slightly adjusting the type of the material, and the manufacturing method meets the requirements of preparing various jaw pads with different hardness and simplifies the manufacturing process.

The method comprises the steps of firstly carrying out dentition-jaw pad data 3D scanning design, and then manufacturing the jaw pad with the jaw pad invisible oral cavity function through a 3D printing technology. The functional composite pad prepared by the one-step method can be used for preparing a soft and hard jaw pad according to printing material selection and is used for manufacturing orthodontic or joint diagnostic jaw pads.

The preparation method of the oral functional jaw pad for solving the technical problems is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) scanning by using a three-dimensional scanner to obtain the three-dimensional data of the dentition of the oral cavity of the patient;

and directly scanning by adopting an intraoral scanner or indirectly scanning after the silicon rubber impression to obtain the three-dimensional data of the dentition of the oral cavity of the patient.

(2) Simultaneously acquiring the height of a jaw pad required when the occlusion is opened and jaw pad three-dimensional data of a form matched with the anatomical height of jaw teeth;

(3) importing the dentition and jaw pad three-dimensional data in the steps (1) and (2) into 3D image processing software to form a dentition-jaw pad integrated model, and converting the data into a required format;

(4)3D printing: directly printing out a dentition-jaw pad integrated model; and (4) guiding the obtained product into a 3D photocuring molding printer for printing.

In the invention, the model with the precision of 0.3-0.1mm is printed by using the improved thermoplastic polymer and the photosensitive resin.

(5) Checking the model to ensure that the upper dentition-pad section is clearly visible, and correcting possible burrs, rough edges and the like;

(6) and then correcting, polishing, disinfecting and the like. After the functional pad is taken down, redundant materials are trimmed and cut off along the gum edge, tap water is added into fine quartz sand, the edge flash is polished by a polisher, polishing wax is stained by a cloth wheel, polishing slurry is polished by a polishing wheel, and the polishing slurry is disinfected by alcohol.

The specific steps in the step (3) are as follows:

first, 3D printing editing software (hereinafter, Freeform is taken as an example) such as cure, EasyPrint 3D, craft ware, Freeform, etc. is opened, and upper dentition, stl, and jaw pad, stl models are introduced, respectively.

And after the stl model is in the X, Y, Z triaxial direction, aligning the jaw pad model and the upper dentition model according to the reference points in the step (2) and then gradually overlapping (three-dimensional coordinates can be changed by a right key edge) until the upper dentition and the jaw pad are completely overlapped on the occlusal surface.

And thirdly, selecting two models simultaneously, selecting right key for fusion, and fusing the upper dentition, stl and the combined cushion, stl into a dentition-jaw cushion model. Note that all labial-lingual surfaces (7-7) are included. The lower 7 generally only contains 1/2-2/3 to prevent interference with the post-molar pad.

Activating right mandible key, selecting Boolean operation, and fitting the dentition-jaw cushion model. And (5) performing a hollowing operation, and hollowing the original maxillofacial surface of the upper dentition and the maxillofacial surface corresponding to the combined cushion.

Arrow Next step below, thickness 5-2mm, precision 0.3-0.1mm, namely choosing "create in new piece", then "create inside".

Sixthly, the construction is finished and the product is stored in stl format.

When the target jaw position is obtained in the step (2) in a silicon rubber or wax biting mode, correcting a silicon rubber or paraffin block for occlusion, preparing mark points on the combined cushion, respectively marking three points of an upper dentition midpoint, a first molar or second molar approximate midpoint on the right side and a first molar or second molar approximate midpoint on the left side on the silicon rubber or paraffin, and then taking down the occlusal jaw cushion for correction, wherein the cheek and tongue sides of the jaw cushion do not exceed the corresponding cheek and tongue surfaces of the dentition, so that the edge of the occlusal jaw cushion is smooth.

In the preparation process of the invention and on the jaw pad structure, an accurate and precise occlusion relation is established. And (3) realizing accurate occlusion relation by multipoint alignment in the step (2).

In an optimized scheme, the first molar or the second molar can be replaced by an anterior molar or a reserved molar when the first molar or the second molar is absent, namely, adjacent teeth can be replaced when the posterior teeth are absent.

In the step (4), polymer materials such as SLA and the like are put into a photocuring forming machine to be used as raw materials, and 3D printing is carried out by adopting DLP or SLA technology; wherein DLP/SLA/LCD ultraviolet light is an ultraviolet LED light source with the wavelength of 360-450 nm.

No matter DLP (digital light processing) or SLA laser rapid prototyping or FDM3D prints, can adopt a plurality of feed cylinders to superpose layering subregion alone and print, thereby can change the material of different physicochemical properties according to different regional performance requirements, utilize resin such as unsaturated polyester, polyurethane acrylate can be used for preparing hard jaw pad, and use silica gel, silicone etc. can prepare soft jaw pad again to satisfy clinical different jaw pad preparation demands.

The high polymer material is improved thermoplastic high polymer such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polycarbonate and epoxy acrylate, unsaturated polyester, polyurethane acrylate and the like, or photosensitive high polymer material such as silica gel, silicone and the like.

In the step (3), the data is converted into STL, STP, OBJ, IGS, BREP, MAX, 3DM, 3DS, X _ T, SKP, SLDPRT, PRT, ASM, F3D, FBX, RVT, WIRE and other formats (the invention is illustrated by STL format hereinafter, and other formats are equivalent to STL format).

The dentition-jaw pad model is 5-2mm in thickness and 0.3-0.1mm in precision.

The invention improves the preparation efficiency of the jaw pad, and can prepare soft/hard jaw pads by adopting a one-step method so as to meet the requirements of jaw pads for orthodontics, joints and the like. Through directly printing the jaw pad after directly acquireing data in mouthful, numerous and diverse process has been reduced in the manufacture process, has saved human cost and raw and other materials cost, avoids any mistake in the multistep simultaneously to lead to the result deviation possibility.

The method comprises the steps of firstly obtaining original data of a jaw pad and a dentition, then carrying out numerical 3D printing on an integrated dentition-jaw pad model and the jaw pad, then printing a tooth socket with a closed pad, and carrying out post polishing, disinfection and the like.

According to the invention, the rapid molding technology of 3D data design and 3D printing is adopted, and according to the alternative selection of different printing materials, the oral functional jaw pad with low hardness, relative softness and high elasticity can be manufactured, and the jaw pad with high hardness and good elasticity can also be manufactured, so that various requirements are met. The method has the advantages of short manufacturing period, high precision, low cost, small difficulty and the like.

The method only relates to a one-time 3D printing method, which is called a method for short and aims at the targeted use of different requirements of soft and hard jaw cushions in different oral clinical fields. The rapid direct forming is suitable for clinical orthodontics, repairs, joints, oral and maxillofacial surfaces and the like.

Compared with the traditional jaw pad preparation method, the invention does not need to transfer the upper jaw and the lower jaw to the fully adjustable jaw frame through a facial arch and the like, does not relate to the use of a fixing device such as a metal snap ring and the like and a resin base, and does not need to modify the jaw face base conventionally.

The method adopts a 3D printing technology, is simple, quick and easy to operate, and avoids the traditional preparation of a mandible frame, a traditional snap ring, a base and the like. Meanwhile, the defect that the jaw pad shape cannot be accurately recovered by a single-heat pressing film technology is overcome. The improved thermoplastic polymer or photosensitive polymer material such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polycarbonate, epoxy acrylate, unsaturated polyester, polyurethane acrylate and the like is adopted, and the improved thermoplastic polymer or photosensitive polymer material is used as printing ink after improved printing, so that the improved thermoplastic polymer or photosensitive polymer material is good in forming and improved in elasticity, and the improved thermoplastic polymer or photosensitive polymer material is suitable for the application range of the oral cavity pad.

Drawings

The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and detailed description:

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention

FIG. 2 is a 3D design drawing of a functional jaw pad in a one-step process

FIG. 3 is the final model actual picture of the one-step process

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below in connection with specific embodiments in which silicone rubber impressions or impressions, and wax bites, are made as conventional techniques:

example 1

The invention relates to a 3D printing built intraoral pad closing type appliance, which comprises the following specific steps:

step 1: directly scanning by using a 3shape intraoral scanner and then indirectly scanning to obtain three-dimensional data of the dentition of the oral cavity of the patient; the intraoral scanner is an intelligent integrated type, and the machine is opened to scan immediately, and parameters are adjusted in disorder.

Step 2: after a target jaw position is obtained through a silicon rubber or wax biting mode, a silicon rubber or paraffin block for occlusion is corrected, marking points are prepared on a combined pad, an upper dentition middle point, a first molar approximate middle point on the right side and a first molar approximate middle point on the left side (if the first molar is lost, a front molar or a reserved molar can be used for replacing) are marked on the silicon rubber or the paraffin respectively, then the occluded jaw pad is taken down for correction, and the buccal side and the lingual side of the jaw pad do not exceed the buccal side and the lingual side of the corresponding dentition, so that the edge of the jaw pad is smooth.

And step 3: importing the dentition and jaw pad three-dimensional data in the steps (1) and (2) into 3D image processing software to form a dentition-jaw pad integrated model, converting the data into an ST format, and importing the data into a 3D photocuring molding printer for printing;

the method comprises the following specific steps:

And thirdly, selecting two models simultaneously, selecting right key for fusion, and fusing the upper dentition, stl and the combined cushion, stl into a dentition-jaw cushion model. The model contains all labial-lingual surfaces (7-7). The lower 7 generally only contains 1/2-2/3 to prevent interference with the post-molar pad.

Arrow Next step below, thickness 3mm, precision 0.2mm, namely choosing "create in new piece", then "create inside".

Sixthly, the construction is finished and the product is stored in stl format.

And 4, step 4: leading in a 3D photocuring forming printer for printing: filling the improved polymer materials such as polyacrylic resin materials and the like into a photocuring forming machine to be used as raw materials, and performing 3D printing by adopting a DLP technology; wherein DLP ultraviolet light is an ultraviolet LED light source with the wavelength of 400 nm; directly printing out the dentition-jaw pad integrated model.

The high polymer material is improved thermoplastic high polymer such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polycarbonate and epoxy acrylate, unsaturated polyester, urethane acrylate, etc., or photosensitive high polymer material such as silica gel, silicone, etc.

And 5: and correcting the printing model, polishing and disinfecting the surface of the finished product, and pressing the finished product.

Step 6: and then correcting, polishing, disinfecting and the like. After the functional pad is taken down, redundant materials are trimmed and cut off along the gum edge, tap water is added into fine quartz sand, the edge flash is polished by a polisher, polishing wax is stained by a cloth wheel, polishing slurry is polished by a polishing wheel, and the polishing slurry is disinfected by alcohol.

Example 2

A preparation method of an oral cavity functional jaw pad comprises the following steps:

and indirectly scanning after the silicon rubber impression to obtain the three-dimensional data of the dentition of the oral cavity of the patient.

when the target jaw position is obtained through a silicon rubber mode, a silicon rubber or paraffin block for occlusion is corrected, marking points are prepared on a combined pad, three points of an upper dentition midpoint, an upper front molar or a reserved molar midpoint on the right side and an upper front molar or a reserved molar mesial point on the left side are respectively marked on the silicon rubber or the paraffin, then the occlusal jaw pad is taken down for correction, and the buccal side and the lingual side of the jaw pad do not exceed the corresponding buccal side and lingual side of the dentition, so that the edge of the jaw pad is smooth.

(3) Importing the dentition and jaw pad three-dimensional data in the steps (1) and (2) into 3D image processing software to form a dentition-jaw pad integrated model, and converting the data into an STP format;

the method comprises the following specific steps:

Arrow Next step below, thickness 5 or 2mm, precision 0.3 or 0.1mm, namely selecting "create in new piece", and then "create inside".

Sixthly, the construction is finished and the product is stored in stl format.

(4)3D printing: directly printing out a dentition-jaw pad integrated model; and (4) guiding the obtained product into a 3D photocuring molding printer for printing. In the invention, the improved thermoplastic polymer and photosensitive resin are used for printing a model with the thickness of 5 or 2mm and the precision of 0.3 or 0.1 mm.

Filling polymer materials such as SLA and the like into a photocuring forming machine to be used as raw materials, and performing 3D printing by adopting an SLA technology; wherein SLA/LCD ultraviolet light is an ultraviolet LED light source with a wavelength of 390 or 410 nm.

The high polymer material is improved thermoplastic high polymer or photosensitive high polymer material such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polycarbonate, epoxy acrylate, unsaturated polyester, polyurethane acrylate and the like.

The invention combines 3D printing to prepare the oral functional jaw pad with different elasticity, hardness, transparency and the like, thereby meeting the clinical requirements. By directly printing the jaw pad after data are directly acquired in the mouth, the complex procedures in the manufacturing process are reduced, the labor cost and the raw material cost are saved, and the possibility of result deviation caused by any error in multiple steps is avoided; higher accuracy is printed in combination with 3D, and not only can the accuracy of functional jaw pad be promoted, but also the different clinical soft and hard demands can be satisfied.

The invention adopts a one-step method, simplifies the manufacture and converts dentition-jaw pad direct scanning data into 3D printing. The printing cost is reduced, and the manufacturing precision of the jaw pad is improved. The functional composite pad prepared by the one-step method can be relatively soft and has good elasticity, and is used for manufacturing orthodontic or diagnostic jaw pads; also has higher hardness and proper elasticity, and meets various clinical specific requirements.

Preparing the oral functional jaw pad mouth based on the 3D printing technology has the advantages of fast forming, low material consumption, low difficulty and the like, and can be applied to a plurality of fields such as oral malocclusion correction. In the subsequent oral treatment needing the jaw pad, numerical dentition and jaw pad models are obtained according to the oral condition of a patient, then 3D model correction is carried out on the basis, and finally the jaw pad is directly printed and put into the mouth of the patient.

Compared with the traditional acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer and other resin materials, the volume shrinkage of the cured modified resin product is reduced by 10-25%, the improved tensile strength is 32.4-46.98MPa, the bending strength is 115.67-142.45MPa, the tensile strength is increased by 23.65-32.34% compared with the traditional pure photosensitive resin, and the bending strength is increased by 28.76-29.65%.

While the foregoing shows and describes the fundamental principles and principal features of the invention, together with the advantages thereof, the foregoing embodiments and description are illustrative only of the principles of the invention, and various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which will fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A preparation method of an oral cavity function jaw pad is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(4)3D printing: printing a dentition-jaw pad integrated model;

(5) checking and correcting the model;

(6) and performing secondary correction, surface polishing, grinding and disinfection treatment.

2. The method of claim 1 for preparing an oral functional jaw pad, wherein: in the step (2), the target jaw position is obtained through a silicon rubber or wax biting mode, a silicon rubber or paraffin block for occlusion is corrected, mark points are prepared on a combined pad, the middle point of an upper dentition, the near middle point of a first molar or a second molar on the right side and the near middle point of the first molar or the second molar on the left side are marked on the silicon rubber or the paraffin respectively, then the jaw pad is taken down for correction, the buccal side and the lingual side of the jaw pad do not exceed the buccal side and the lingual side of the corresponding dentition, and the edge of the jaw pad is smooth.

3. The method of claim 2 for preparing an oral functional jaw pad, wherein: the posterior teeth may be replaced with adjacent teeth in the absence of posterior teeth.

4. The method of claim 1 for preparing an oral functional jaw pad, wherein: and (4) filling the high polymer material into a photocuring forming machine as a raw material, and performing 3D printing on the dentition-jaw cushion integrated model by adopting a DLP (digital light processing) or SLA (SLA) technology.

5. The method for preparing an oral functional jaw pad according to claim 4, wherein: the ultraviolet light in the DLP or SLA technology is an ultraviolet LED light source, and the wavelength is 360-450 nm.

6. The method for preparing an oral functional jaw pad according to claim 4, wherein: the high polymer material is improved thermoplastic high polymer such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polycarbonate and epoxy acrylate, unsaturated polyester, polyurethane acrylate and the like, or photosensitive high polymer material such as silica gel, silicone and the like.

7. The method of claim 1 for preparing an oral functional jaw pad, wherein: and (3) converting the data in the step (3) into STL, STP, OBJ, IGS, BREP, MAX, 3DM, 3DS, X _ T, SKP, SLDPRT, PRT, ASM, F3D, FBX, RVT or WIRE formats and the like.

8. The method of claim 1 for preparing an oral functional jaw pad, wherein: the dentition-jaw pad model is 2-5mm in thickness and 0.3-0.1mm in precision.