CN112039926A - Method for realizing double-layer chain type architecture of block chain - Google Patents
Method for realizing double-layer chain type architecture of block chain Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/12—Applying verification of the received information
- H04L63/123—Applying verification of the received information received data contents, e.g. message integrity
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- G—PHYSICS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/1095—Replication or mirroring of data, e.g. scheduling or transport for data synchronisation between network nodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
- H04L9/3236—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/50—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using hash chains, e.g. blockchains or hash trees
Abstract
The application provides a method for realizing a double-layer chain type structure of a block chain, wherein on a first layer value common identification layer block chain, except for created blocks, block heads of other blocks sequentially point to corresponding father block hashes, and simultaneously, the block heads of other blocks sequentially point to father block hashes on a second layer chain with the same height value as the corresponding father blocks, so that the two chains are linked according to the method. On the block chain of the second layer excitation consensus layer, except for creating blocks, the block heads of other blocks point to corresponding father blocks in sequence for hashing, two chains both follow complete single-chain structure attributes and can simultaneously accommodate and operate two different consensus algorithms, and for different service levels, the consensus algorithms with different service requirements can be changed and used on each chain according to different service requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of block chain technologies, and in particular, to a method for implementing a double-layer chain architecture of a block chain.
Background
In a conventional blockchain system, the blockchain structure is basically a single-chain structure mode, all transaction information is packed by blocks and then extended to one chain, and the structure of the chain commonly identified by all nodes in the whole network from beginning to end is the single-chain structure.
In the block chain System with a single chain structure, only one type Of consensus algorithm can be accommodated, and currently, mainstream single chain structure items such as Bitcoin, ETH, EOS (Enterprise Operation System, a block chain operating System designed by commercial distributed application) and the like are all in a single chain block chain mode, for example, in a typical block chain mode, Bitcoin uses POW (Proof Of Work, workload Proof consensus algorithm), ETH uses POW at an early stage, POS (Proof Of Work, right Proof consensus algorithm) at a later stage, and EOS uses DPOS (freed Proof Of stock).
Since the typical blockchain mode uses a single-chain blockchain structure, different consensus algorithms cannot be used according to different service scenarios, so that the service scenarios that the single-chain structure can apply are limited, the application range is narrow, and the application flexibility is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above technical problem, the present application provides a method for implementing a double-layer chain architecture of a block chain, and a problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a consensus algorithm having a double-layer chain architecture and capable of accommodating two different consensus algorithms at the same time, and to operate the consensus algorithm with different service requirements on each chain in the double-layer chain for different service levels, so as to solve the problems of limited service scenarios, narrow application range, and poor application flexibility of a single-chain block chain architecture.
A method for implementing a double-layer chain architecture of a block chain comprises the following steps:
on the first layer chain, except for the created blocks, sequentially pointing the block heads of the other blocks to the corresponding parent blocks HASH;
on the second layer chain, except for the created blocks, sequentially pointing the block heads of the other blocks to the corresponding parent blocks HASH;
acquiring the height value of each block in the first layer chain and the second layer chain;
on the first layer chain, except for the created blocks, the block heads of other blocks sequentially point to the parent block HASH on the second layer chain with the same height value as the corresponding parent block, so as to be used as a legal basis for linking between the two chains.
According to the technical scheme, the method for realizing the double-layer chain type architecture of the block chain is characterized in that on the first-layer value consensus layer block chain, except for the created block, block heads of other blocks sequentially point to the corresponding parent block HASH; on the second layer excitation common-identification layer block chain, except for the created blocks, sequentially pointing the block heads of the other blocks to the corresponding parent blocks HASH; and acquiring the height values of all blocks in the first layer chain and the second layer chain, and sequentially pointing the block heads of other blocks to the parent block HASH on the second layer chain with the same height value as the corresponding parent block on the first layer chain except the created block, thereby taking the block heads as the legal basis of the linkage between the two chains. The two chains both follow the complete single-chain structure attribute, the link is established through the nPrevMBhash, two different consensus algorithms can be simultaneously accommodated, the consensus algorithms with different service requirements are operated on each chain in the double-layer chain aiming at different service levels, the novel data structure method can be simultaneously compatible with the two different consensus algorithms and simultaneously operated, can be applied to different service level requirements, and has a double-layer chain structure.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a double-layer chain structure of a block chain according to the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a block head pointing diagram of a dual-layer chain architecture of a block chain according to the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the following specific embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The application provides a method for realizing a double-layer chain type structure of a block chain, which is different from the block chain of the existing single-chain structure module, and the double-chain structure of the double-layer consensus algorithm can be divided into two layers of consensus layers from the perspective of double-chain type consensus, namely a first layer value consensus layer block chain and a second layer excitation consensus layer block chain. The double-layer chain type framework block chain can simultaneously contain two different consensus algorithms, and the consensus algorithms which are required by different services run on each chain in the double-layer chain aiming at different service levels are compatible with two different consensus algorithms to run simultaneously, can be applied to different service level requirements, and have a double-layer chain type structure.
A method for realizing a double-layer chain architecture of a block chain specifically comprises the following implementation processes:
and S1, sequentially pointing the block heads of the rest blocks except the created block to the corresponding parent block HASH on the first layer chain.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a double-layer Chain structure of a Block Chain disclosed in the present application, where a first layer Chain is a value consensus layer Block Chain, RB Chain for short, and the value consensus layer Block Chain is responsible for packing conventional transactions with value attributes, and a plurality of legal conventional blocks are allowed to exist in the first layer value consensus layer, and each Block represents a certain contribution of a miner to the entire system. The value common layer block chain constructs a plurality of legal conventional blocks, namely contribution blocks according to the packaged conventional transactions.
Optionally, the value consensus layer block chain adopts an efficient consensus algorithm BBA independent of computing power, that is, the value consensus layer block chain can be, but not limited to, an efficient consensus algorithm BBA independent of computing power as a consensus algorithm of the value consensus layer. The BBA is a new consensus algorithm designed by map-based prize scientists, the scientists are teaching of MIT mechanical engineering and computer science systems and drawing prize winning owner Silgio Micalii, the high efficiency of the algorithm is supported by theory and experiments, the algorithm can enable transaction information with value attributes in RB chain to be fast packaged and blocked, and the overall efficiency of blocks is improved.
And S2, sequentially pointing the block heads of the rest blocks except the created block to the corresponding parent block HASH on the second layer chain.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the second layer Chain is an excitation consensus layer Block Chain, abbreviated as MB Chain, which is responsible for counting the contribution values in the contribution blocks and assigning rewards according to the contribution values. That is, the second tier incentive consensus is responsible for counting the contributions made by miners in the first tier value consensus, identifying the contributions of miners in the value consensus and assigning rewards.
Alternatively, the excitation consensus layer block chain employs a modified algorithm of the workload proven consensus algorithm, i.e., the excitation consensus layer block chain may be, but is not limited to, employing a modified algorithm of the workload proven consensus algorithm as the consensus algorithm of the excitation consensus layer. In the first layer value consensus layer block chain, the transaction packaged by the blocks is a transaction with value attribute, the transfer between transactions is a real value transfer, and therefore the blocks generated by packaging the transactions are also called value blocks. The second layer excitation common identification layer block chain utilizes an improved POW algorithm, only the information of the value blocks which are verified by the first layer needs to be identified in common, the information is concise, too much bandwidth is not occupied, and efficiency and safety are compatible.
The first layer value common layer block chain and the second layer excitation common layer block chain both follow the complete single-chain structure attribute, and the blocks in each chain comprise block heads and block bodies. In the block chain, after each block is created, a series of validity checks are performed, which mainly includes validity checks of a block head and a block body, and the detection standard and specific detection items can be customized according to actual requirements, for example, workload certification, a timestamp, a version number, a parent block hash direction and the like in the block head can be detected, integrity of each transaction in the block body can be detected, and the integrity of the transaction can include repeated input citation, a signature script, a locking script, an amount of money and the like. Judging whether a block is legal, judging whether the block head and the block body are legal according to the above standard, if the block head and the block body are both legal, the block is legal, otherwise, the block is illegal.
The reason why "allowing many legal regular blocks to exist in the first-level co-recognition layer" is mentioned in S1 is to emphasize the validity of blocks because blocks that can be extended to the blockchain must all be legal, illegal blocks will have negative effects on the system, credit penalties need to be applied to creators and broadcasters of illegal blocks, illegal blocks are discarded and not included in the network system, and illegal blocks are corrupted for the system, so there is no contribution, i.e., illegal blocks do not contribute a reward.
The excitation consensus layer block chain of the second layer also functions as a distributed timer, wherein the timer does not set a timer for ending a fixed time, but a preset condition, if a certain preset condition is reached in the excitation consensus layer block chain, for example, when the consensus of a node on a certain block reaches the preset condition, the end of the previous round of mining and the start of the next round of mining can be declared, the preset condition can be preset according to actual conditions and requirements, and the preset condition can be one or more.
In summary, it is not easy to conclude that the transaction information with the value attribute is stored in the first layer chain value common identification layer block chain, and the transaction information for statistics is stored in the second layer chain excitation common identification layer block chain.
And S3, acquiring height values of the blocks in the first layer chain and the second layer chain.
For further understanding of the height values of the blocks, this is exemplified here. Taking a block in a single chain or a block in any of the two chains in this embodiment as an example, for example, the hash of a created block is 0x0001xxx, the hash of a newly created block by a node is 0x0002xxx, the parent block of the newly created block points to 0x0001xxx, and then the latest block 0x0003xxx is created, then its parent block points to 0x0002xxx, and so on, a complete chain, i.e., a chain of blocks, can be formed, in which each block points to its parent block (the last block). And sorting the created blocks in sequence from the created blocks, giving the height values to the created blocks in sequence, wherein if the height value of the created blocks is 0, the height values of the blocks below the created blocks are respectively 1, 2, 3 and …, and sorting the created blocks in an ascending manner according to the ordered sequence pointed by the parent blocks, so that the height values of the blocks are formed.
S4, in the first layer chain, except the created blocks, the block heads of the other blocks point to the parent block HASH on the second layer chain with the same height value as the corresponding parent block, so as to be used as the legal basis for the linkage between the two chains.
With continued reference to fig. 1, in step S1, in the first layer of the value consensus sequence block chain, block 1 already points to its parent block, i.e. block 0, and block 1 points to block 0 in the second layer of the excitation consensus sequence block chain with the same height value as its parent block, i.e. in the value consensus sequence block chain, in addition to the created block, other blocks point to the parent block of the excitation consensus sequence block chain with the same height, e.g. taking block 10 in the value consensus sequence block chain as an example, in addition to pointing to parent block 9 in the value consensus sequence block chain, also point to block 9 in the excitation consensus sequence block chain with the same height value as its parent block, and the height values of the two parent blocks are the same.
Specifically, the first layer chain and the second layer chain establish a link through a preset attribute, and the preset attribute stores a parent block HASH of the second layer chain, that is, the RB chain and the MB chain establish a link through the preset attribute, and the preset attribute stores the parent block HASH of the MB chain. Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a block header pointing diagram of a dual-layer chain architecture of a block chain disclosed in the present application, and it can be seen from the diagram that block headers of both chains contain nprvmbhash fields, where the nprvmbhash fields store parent blocks HASH corresponding to respective blocks in an MB chain, and so-called parent block pointing can be implemented through association of the fields, and the nprvmbhash fields are the aforementioned preset attribute fields.
For convenience of understanding, the fields appearing in fig. 2 are further described, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the block header pointing in the dual-layer chain architecture of the block chain in the embodiment of the present application, which is only for illustrating how the dual-layer chain points to and does not represent an actual block header structure, and the fields listed in each box in the table are only examples of some fields in the block header, for example, in fig. 2, the fields represent the following meanings: nTime, which represents the timestamp of the current block when it was created; nPrevMBhash, representing the parent block counter block hash of the current block; nVersion, which represents the version number of the current tile; merkle root, representing the root of the mercker tree of the transaction set for the current tile; nPevRBhash, representing the parent conventional block hash of the current block.
Further analyzing fig. 2, in the MB chain, each block on the chain realizes a sequential linking relationship through nPrevMBhash, and except for the created block, the other blocks all point to the previous block, i.e., point to the parent block of itself, thereby forming a chain in sequence. In the RB chain, except for the created block, other blocks in the chain are sequentially linked to their own parent block nprevirbhash, and also sequentially linked to the parent block nprevimbhash in the MB chain of the same height, and the link between the chain is realized by the key attribute nprevimbhash in the block header, and from the structural viewpoint, a block chain of a double-layer chain architecture is formed. Wherein, the blocks in each chain are obtained by the consensus of the self consensus algorithm, and the two chains are mutually independent in algorithm and intertwined in relation to form the unique double-chain block chain data structure similar to the double helix structure of the DNA.
In the process of extending or recombining the first layer value consensus layer blockchain RB chain and the second layer excitation consensus layer blockchain MB chain, the block heights of the two chains are always kept consistent. In a block chain, each block corresponds to a height value on the chain, the length of the chain substantially refers to the height value corresponding to the latest block, and the heights of the blocks of the two chains are always consistent, so that the heights of the two chains are required to be synchronous, and the two chains cannot be longer and shorter. As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is only a schematic illustration of one of the two strands, and it can be seen that the height of the two strands is currently 3, and if the blocks in both strands satisfy the extension, the two strands are extended together. It should be noted that the conditions for extending the two chains together are that the blocks on the two chains are both legal blocks, and the block heights of the two chains are consistent, for example, if a block is newly added, the two chains both need to be newly added at the same time, i.e., the two chains are extended at the same time, the newly added block will point to the last block in each chain as a parent block, taking the current fig. 2 as an example, the height value of the newly added block is 4, and the height value of the newly added block points to the parent block is 3, at this time, after the two chains are extended, the block heights of the two chains are both 4 and are consistent, that is, the extending manner of the two chains is to use the last block on the two chains as the parent block, the newly added block points to the corresponding parent block.
If blocks from either strand need to be recombined, the other strand is also recombined at the same time. For example, taking the current fig. 2 as an example to illustrate the recombination situation, taking the two chains as an example, assuming that RB chain needs to recombine the end block with height value of 3, in this case, MB chain also recombines the end block with height value of 3 on the chains to ensure that the heights of the two chains are always consistent.
According to the technical scheme, the method for realizing the double-layer chain type architecture of the block chain is characterized in that on the first-layer value consensus layer block chain, except for the created block, block heads of other blocks sequentially point to the corresponding parent block HASH; on the second layer excitation common-identification layer block chain, except for the created blocks, sequentially pointing the block heads of the other blocks to the corresponding parent blocks HASH; and acquiring the height values of all blocks in the first layer chain and the second layer chain, and sequentially pointing the block heads of other blocks to the parent block HASH on the second layer chain with the same height value as the corresponding parent block on the first layer chain except the created block, thereby taking the block heads as the legal basis of the linkage between the two chains. The two chains both follow the complete single-chain structure attribute, the link is established through the nPrevMBhash, two different consensus algorithms can be simultaneously contained and operated, the consensus algorithms with different service requirements can be operated on each chain in the double-layer chain aiming at different service levels, the novel data structure method can be simultaneously compatible with the two different consensus algorithms and simultaneously operated, can be applied to different service level requirements, and has a double-layer chain structure.
Claims (10)
1. A method for implementing a double-layer chain architecture of a block chain is characterized by comprising the following steps:
on the first layer chain, except for the created blocks, sequentially pointing the block heads of the other blocks to the corresponding parent blocks HASH;
on the second layer chain, except for the created blocks, sequentially pointing the block heads of the other blocks to the corresponding parent blocks HASH;
acquiring the height value of each block in the first layer chain and the second layer chain;
on the first layer chain, except for the created blocks, the block heads of other blocks sequentially point to the parent block HASH on the second layer chain with the same height value as the corresponding parent block, so as to be used as a legal basis for linking between the two chains.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the block heights of the first layer chain and the second layer chain are consistent during the elongation or recombination process;
if the blocks in both chains satisfy the extension, both chains are extended together;
if blocks from either strand need to be recombined, the other strand is also recombined at the same time.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the two chains extend together if the blocks on both chains are legal blocks and the block heights of both chains are consistent;
the extension mode is that the tail end blocks on the two chains are used as father blocks, the newly added blocks point to the corresponding father blocks, and meanwhile, the height value is increased by 1.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first layer chain is a value consensus layer block chain, the value consensus layer block chain is responsible for packaging regular transactions with value attributes, and the value consensus layer block chain constructs a plurality of contributing blocks according to the packaged regular transactions.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the block chain of the value consensus layer employs a computationally independent efficient consensus algorithm BBA as the consensus algorithm of the value consensus layer.
6. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the second layer chain is an excitation common layer block chain, and the excitation common layer block chain is responsible for counting the contribution values in the contributing blocks, and distributing the reward according to the contribution values.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the excitation consensus layer blockchain adopts a modified algorithm of a workload proven consensus algorithm as the consensus algorithm of the excitation consensus layer.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein if a predetermined condition is met in the excitation consensus layer block chain, a previous round of mining is declared to be ended and a next round of mining is declared to be started, wherein the predetermined condition is predetermined.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first layer chain and the second layer chain both follow a complete single chain structure property, and the blocks in each chain include a block header and a block body.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first layer chain and the second layer chain are linked by a predetermined attribute, and the predetermined attribute stores a parent block HASH of the second layer chain.
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