CN112039378A - Four-wire self-excitation single-function voltage regulator for automobile generator - Google Patents

Abstract

The auto generator four-wire self-excited single-function voltage regulator works by changing the excitation current flowing through the rotor to adjust the size of the rotor magnetic field. When the voltage produced by the generator is lower than the regulated voltage, the regulator does not work. When the generator output voltage exceeds the preset value of the regulation voltage, the excitation current is disconnected by the regulator. At this time, the generator voltage drops. When it drops to the lower limit voltage rating, the regulator reconnects the excitation current, the voltage gradually increases again, and the regulator starts a new round of regulation cycle. Auto generator four-wire self-excited single-function voltage regulator, the main adjustment voltage range is 14±0.25V for 12V system, and 28±0.3V for 24V system.

Description

Auto generator four-wire self-excited single-function voltage regulator

technical field

The invention relates to an automobile voltage regulator, in particular to a novel self-excitation single-function automobile voltage regulator.

Background technique

The electrical system on the car is mainly powered by the car generator, and the regulator is the core component that controls whether the generator generates power or not, and is an indispensable and important part of the car power generation system.

At present, the existing single-function series regulators all need to rely on the indicator light connected to the battery to provide a large excitation current through the rotor coil of the motor to generate a magnetic field, and the stator rotates to cut the magnetic field to generate current, so that the generator can generate electricity. The functional terminals of the single-function series regulators are generally B+, D+, F, E four terminals or D+, F, E three terminals, such regulators are mainly composed of some low-power switching tubes and a high-power switching tube. These switches are used to adjust the working voltage of the generator and the function of charging the battery. According to the principle that the single-function series regulator needs to pass the excitation current to adjust the generator power generation, in order to make the single-function series regulator work, it is necessary to have a large excitation current to excite the motor. The large excitation current is provided by the indicator light connected to the battery.

With the development of the automobile industry and the LED light-emitting tube industry and the development requirements of the country on the issue of automobile energy saving and emission reduction, the application of single-function series automobile regulators in automobiles faces the following problems:

1) No power generation at idle speed. Because the LED light-emitting tube on the instrument can only provide a small excitation current for the motor, and the small magnetic field generated by the small excitation current cannot make the generator generate electricity quickly at a low speed, and it cannot meet the needs of the car in the Idle speed can also make the generator power generation requirements that cannot meet the current national requirements for energy conservation and emission reduction in the automotive industry.

2) Poor adaptability. When the same single-function regulator is used with indicator lights on different car dashboards, there will be great differences in the power generation speed of the motor, which cannot be universally applied to various car factories, thus increasing the design cost of newly developed regulators.

3) Self-excitation to generate electricity. With the development of new engineering vehicles, engineering vehicles require that the generator can work without connecting the indicator light or the ignition switch, but the low-cost single-function regulators commonly used at present do not have this function, and an external indicator light or The ignition switch provides the generator with excitation current before it can generate electricity.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

1. The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a new type of single-function self-excited automobile generator voltage regulator. It keeps the four terminals unchanged on the existing single-function regulator, adds the generator rotation detection and control power supply circuit, and collects the D+ ripple corresponding to the generator at different speeds. To control the regulator to excite the generator at a certain speed, so that the single-function self-excited automobile generator voltage regulator has low cost, stable product performance, high reliability and wide adaptability.

2, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

2.1) A four-wire self-excited single-function automotive voltage regulator, comprising four functional terminals, namely B+, D+, F, and E, consisting of a voltage regulation circuit, a power-supply control drive circuit, and a rotation detection circuit; its features are: Yes: The voltage regulation circuit includes transistors T3, T4, switching power tube T5, capacitors C3, C5, resistors R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10 and R11; the base of T3 is connected to D+ through R5, and through R6 and C3 Connect to E, where R6 and C3 are connected in parallel; the collector of T3 is connected to D+ through R7, and the emitter of T3 is connected to the negative electrode of the Zener tube DW1; the base of T4 is connected to the positive electrode of DW1 and is connected to E through R8, T4 The base of T4 is connected to F through R10 and C4, the base and collector of T4 are connected through C5, the collector of T4 is connected to D+ through R9 and D3, the collector of T4 and the gate of T5 are connected through R11, the emitter of T4 The pole is connected to E; the gate of T5 is connected to E through the Zener tube DW2, the drain of T5 is connected to F, the source of T5 is connected to E; a diode D2 is connected between D+ and F.

2.2) The B+ terminal is the output terminal of the generator, the E terminal is the ground terminal, and the D+ terminal is used to collect different phase signals of the generator at different speeds and the generator excitation output after the normal starting point. The received signal is used to control the regulator to excite the generator at a certain speed.

The power supply control drive circuit is composed of switch tubes T1 and T2, resistors R3, R4, R12, capacitor C2 and diodes D1 and D4. The base of T2 is connected to the generator rotation signal acquisition circuit through R12 and D4, and D4 directly charges C2. , the collector of T2 is connected to the base of T1 through R3, the emitter of T2 is connected to E; the emitter of T1 is connected to B+, the collector of T1 is connected to D+ through R4 and D1; B+ is a rotation detection circuit through R1 powered by.

2.3) The signal acquisition is completed by the signal acquisition circuit. This module filters the AC component signal of D+ through the high and low pass filter network, collects the appropriate waveform, and then drives the switch tube T2 to work through amplification and frequency calculation. The collected appropriate signal drives the switch tube, so that the battery provides excitation current to the generator through the D+ terminal, so that the generator can generate electricity at low speed without external excitation.

The voltage regulation circuit uses the signal acquisition circuit to collect the strength of the corresponding phase signals of the generator at different speeds to drive the switch tube. After the switch tube is turned on, the battery will provide an instantaneous large excitation current to the generator, so that the motor can generate electricity quickly. .

The present invention has the following advantages:

1) The above problems faced by the single-function series automotive regulators are solved, so that the single-function series automotive regulators can better adapt to the development requirements of the new situation and have wider adaptability.

2) Compared with the single-function regulator in the prior art, the calorific value of the self-excited single-function series of automobile voltage regulators of the present invention is reduced by about 80%, thereby greatly reducing the calorific value of the regulator element. The failure rate of the device makes this type of regulator more reliable.

3) It solves the problem that the current LED light-emitting tube and no indicator light are used in automobiles, and promotes the wide application of the LED light-emitting tube in the automobile industry. The self-excited single-function series automobile voltage regulator of the invention has low cost, stable product performance and high reliability, which further promotes the further development and application of the self-excited single-function regulator in the automobile industry, and has a better prospect.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of the self-excited single-function regulator of the present invention.

Detailed ways

1, as shown in Figure 1: The four-wire self-excited single-function voltage regulator of the automobile generator includes four functional terminals, namely B+, D+, F, and E, which are mainly composed of voltage regulation lines, power-supply control drive circuits, and rotation detection. Test circuit composition; its characteristics are:

The voltage regulation circuit includes transistors T3, T4, switching power transistor T5, capacitors C3, C5, resistors R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10 and R11; the base of T3 is connected to D+ through R5, and is connected to D+ through R6 and C3 E, where R6 and C3 are connected in parallel; the collector of T3 is connected to D+ through R7, the emitter of T3 is connected to the negative electrode of the Zener tube DW1; the base of T4 is connected to the positive electrode of DW1 and is connected to E through R8, and the base of T4 The pole is connected to F through R10 and C4, the base and collector of T4 are connected through C5, the collector of T4 is connected to D+ through R9 and D3, the collector of T4 and the gate of T5 are connected through R11, and the emitter of T4 is connected To E; the gate of T5 is connected to E through the Zener tube DW2, the drain of T5 is connected to F, and the source of T5 is connected to E; a diode D2 is connected between D+ and F. When the generator does not generate electricity, the transistors T3 and Q4 are turned off, the switch tube T5 has no driving voltage, and T5 is turned off to reduce the leakage current and increase the battery life. AC rotation signal, this signal is processed by the rotation detection circuit to drive the post-stage power supply control circuit to work, T2 and T3 are turned on, B+ provides excitation current to the generator through D1 and R4, and the generator generates electricity. D+ and B+ have the same voltage. When the D+ voltage of the generator reaches the specified value, T3 and T4 work, T5 is turned off and the excitation current is turned off, and the generator stops generating electricity. When the voltage is lower than the specified value, T5 is turned on, and the generator starts to generate electricity again. The voltage has been maintained at the specified voltage value.

2. The switch control circuit consists of switch tubes T1 and T2, resistors R3, R12, diode D4, and capacitor C2. The base of T2 is connected to the signal acquisition circuit through R12, the collector of T2 is connected to the base of T1 through R3, and T2 The emitter of T1 is connected to E; the emitter of T1 is connected to B+, the collector of T1 is connected to D+ through R4, and D1; B+ supplies power to the signal acquisition circuit through R1.

3. When the base of T2 has current, T2 works, so that the base potential of T1 is low, and T1 works, then the battery voltage will excite the motor through the resistor R4; signal acquisition is done through the signal acquisition module. Yes, this module filters the D+ ripple signal through a high and low pass filter network, collects appropriate waveforms, and then drives the switch tube T2 to work by amplifying or comparing. The collected appropriate signal drives the switch tube, so that the battery provides excitation current to the generator through the D+ terminal, so that the generator can generate electricity at low speed without external excitation.

Claims (6)

1. A four-wire self-excitation single-function voltage regulator for automobile generator is composed of four functional terminals (B +, D + and F, E) consisting of voltage regulator, drive and rotation detecting circuits.

2. The automobile generator four-wire self-excitation single-function voltage regulator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage regulation circuit comprises a triode T3, a T4, a switching power tube T5, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C5, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a resistor R9, a resistor R10 and a resistor R11; the base of T3 is connected to D + through R5 and to E through R6 and C3, wherein R6 and C3 are connected in parallel; the collector of T3 is connected to D + through R7, and the emitter of T3 is connected to the negative pole of stabilivolt DW 1; the base of T4 is connected to the anode of DW1 and E through R8, the base of T4 is connected to F through R10 and C4, the base and collector of T4 are connected through C5, the collector of T4 is connected to D through R9 and D3, the collector of T4 and the gate of T5 are connected through R11, and the emitter of T4 is connected to E; the gate of T5 is connected to E through a voltage regulator tube DW2, the drain of T5 is connected to F, and the source of T5 is connected to E; a diode D2 is connected between D + and F.

3. The automobile generator four-wire self-excitation single-function voltage regulator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the B + terminal is an output terminal of the generator, the E terminal is a ground terminal, the supplementary electric control driving circuit is composed of switching tubes T1 and T2, resistors R3, R4, R12, a capacitor C2 and diodes D1 and D4, and a base of the T2 is connected to a generator rotation signal acquisition circuit through R12 and D4.

4. The automobile generator four-wire self-excited single-function voltage regulator as claimed in claim 1, wherein D4 charges C2 directly, the collector of T2 is connected to the base of T1 through R3, and the emitter of T2 is connected to E; the emitter of T1 is connected to B +, and the collector of T1 is connected to D + through R4 and D1; b + supplies power to the rotation detection circuit through R1.

5. The four-wire self-excited single-function voltage regulator of the automobile generator as claimed in claim 1, which is operated by changing the on-off of the exciting current flowing through the rotor, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the magnetic field of the rotor. When the voltage produced by the generator is below the regulated voltage, the regulator is disabled. When the output voltage of the generator exceeds the regulated voltage preset value, the excitation current is disconnected by the regulator. At this point the generator voltage drops, and when it drops to the lower voltage rating, the regulator reconnects the field current, the voltage again gradually rises, and the regulator begins a new regulation cycle.

6. The four-wire self-excited single-function voltage regulator of the automobile generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main regulating voltage range is 14 + 0.25V in 12V system and 28 + 0.3V in 24V system.

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