CN112039086A - Reactive compensation control system and method for air source heat pump - Google Patents

Reactive compensation control system and method for air source heat pump Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112039086A
CN112039086A CN202010959216.6A CN202010959216A CN112039086A CN 112039086 A CN112039086 A CN 112039086A CN 202010959216 A CN202010959216 A CN 202010959216A CN 112039086 A CN112039086 A CN 112039086A
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compressor
capacitance
heat pump
compensation
power factor
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CN112039086B (en
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单其超
熊兴华
郑家远
赵芝蓉
丁海斌
叶蜀鹏
龚平
骆伟
曲柏柳
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Shandong Chuangjia New Energy Technology Co ltd
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Shandong Chuangjia New Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
    • H02J3/1835—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control
    • H02J3/1864—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein the stepless control of reactive power is obtained by at least one reactive element connected in series with a semiconductor switch
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an air source heat pump reactive compensation control system and a method, wherein an electrical parameter instrument collects three-phase apparent power and power factors of an air source heat pump, a PLC respectively calculates real-time capacitance compensation quantity after a fan runs and a compressor runs in the heat pump running process and real-time capacitance compensation quantity after the compressor stops step by step in the heat pump stopping process according to the three-phase apparent power and the power factors, and a capacitance switching device is controlled according to the real-time capacitance compensation quantity to compensate corresponding capacitance compensation quantity in a three-phase power capacitor into a main circuit of the heat pump, so that real-time reactive compensation of the heat pump is realized, the reactive loss of the heat pump is reduced, and the energy-saving performance of the heat pump is further improved.

Description

Reactive compensation control system and method for air source heat pump
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of reactive compensation control, in particular to a reactive compensation control system and method for an air source heat pump.
Background
The heat pump process has the advantages that in the actual operation, the range of the operation working condition of the compressor is too large due to the fact that the temperature of outlet water rises from low temperature to high temperature in four seasons, so that the power factor of the compressor is extremely low under a certain working condition, the reactive loss is more than or equal to 40% at the initial operation stage of the heat pump, and the reactive loss is also 20% even if the heat pump operates to the required working condition.
The air source heat pump is an energy-saving technical product and is widely popularized and applied at present. However, in the test process, the power factor of the main engine of the air source heat pump is found to be between 0.6 and 0.8, so that the power consumption of customers is high, and 20 to 40 percent of electricity charge is required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an air source heat pump reactive compensation control system and method, which are used for carrying out reactive compensation on a heat pump in real time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
an air source heat pump reactive compensation control system, the control system comprising: the system comprises an electric parameter instrument, a PLC, a capacitance switching device and a three-phase power capacitor;
the detection interface of the electrical parameter instrument is connected with a main circuit of the heat pump, the signal output end of the electrical parameter instrument is connected with the PLC, and the electrical parameter instrument is used for collecting three-phase apparent power and power factor of the heat pump and transmitting the three-phase apparent power and the power factor to the PLC;
the PLC is connected with the control end of the capacitor switching device and used for determining a capacitance compensation amount according to the three-phase apparent power and the power factor, determining opening control data of the capacitor switching device according to the capacitance compensation amount and controlling the main line opening of the capacitor switching device according to the opening control data;
the input end of the capacitance switching device is connected with the three-phase power capacitor, the output end of the capacitance switching device is connected with the main circuit of the heat pump, and the capacitance switching device is used for compensating the capacitance compensation quantity of the three-phase power capacitor corresponding to the opening degree of the main circuit into the main circuit of the heat pump under the control of the PLC.
Optionally, the control system further includes: a control device;
the input end of the control device is connected with the signal output end of the electrical parameter instrument, the output end of the control device is connected with the PLC, and the control device is used for acquiring the three-phase apparent power and the power factor of the electrical parameter instrument and transmitting the three-phase apparent power and the power factor to the PLC.
An air source heat pump reactive compensation control method, comprising:
the electric parameter instrument collects the power factor of the heat pump in real time;
when a fan starting signal is detected, calculating the capacitance compensation amount after the fan is started according to the real-time power factor when the fan starting signal is detected, and controlling a capacitance switching device to perform capacitance compensation on a main circuit of the heat pump according to the capacitance compensation amount after the fan is started, so that the power factor of the heat pump reaches a first target power factor;
when a starting signal of a first compressor is detected, calculating the capacitance compensation amount when the first compressor is started according to the power factor when the starting signal of the first compressor is detected, and controlling a capacitance switching device to perform capacitance compensation on a main circuit of a heat pump according to the capacitance compensation amount when the first compressor is started;
adjusting the capacitance compensation quantity after the compressor is started according to the real-time power factor after the first compressor starting signal is detected to be used as the real-time capacitance compensation quantity after the compressor is started, and controlling the capacitance switching device to perform real-time capacitance compensation on the main circuit of the heat pump according to the real-time capacitance compensation quantity after the compressor is started to enable the power factor of the heat pump to reach a second target power factor;
when the ith compressor stop signal is detected, adjusting the capacitance compensation amount when the ith compressor stop signal is detected according to the average capacitance required by each compressor before the ith compressor is detected to obtain the capacitance compensation amount after the ith compressor is stopped, and controlling the capacitance switching device to perform real-time capacitance compensation on the main circuit of the heat pump according to the capacitance compensation amount after the ith compressor is stopped;
adjusting the capacitance compensation quantity after the ith compressor stops according to the real-time power factor after the stopping signal of the ith compressor is detected and before the stopping signal of the (i + 1) th compressor, taking the capacitance compensation quantity as the real-time capacitance compensation quantity after the ith compressor stops, and controlling a capacitance switching device to perform real-time capacitance compensation on a main circuit of the heat pump according to the real-time capacitance compensation quantity after the ith compressor stops, so that the power factor of the heat pump reaches a second target power factor;
and when a fan stop signal is detected, controlling the capacitance switching device to stop performing capacitance compensation on the main line of the heat pump.
Optionally, when the fan start signal is detected, the capacitance compensation amount after the fan is started is calculated according to the real-time power factor when the fan start signal is detected, and the method specifically includes:
when a fan starting signal is detected, obtaining a power factor at the current moment;
judging whether the power factor at the current moment is less than 0.85 and not less than 0 to obtain a first judgment result;
if the first judgment result shows yes, a formula Q is used according to the power factor of the current momentFan compensation capacity＝S*(0.85-COSΦ1) Determining the capacitance compensation amount of the fan at the current moment after the fan is started;
wherein Q isFan compensation capacityThe capacity compensation quantity at the current moment after the fan is started, S is the three-phase apparent power of the heat pump, and COS phi1Is the power factor at the present moment.
Optionally, the controlling, according to the capacitance compensation amount after the fan is started, the capacitance compensation of the capacitance switching device on the main line of the heat pump specifically includes:
according to the capacitance compensation amount of the fan at the current moment after the fan is started, a formula G is utilizedMinimum opening degree＝QFan compensation capacity/QMaximum capacity of three-phase power capacitor*GMaximum opening degreeDetermining the minimum opening control data of the capacitance switching device;
according to the minimum opening degree control data, utilizing a formula G'Minimum main line opening＝k*GMinimum opening degreeDetermining the minimum main line opening of the capacitor switching device;
compensating the capacitance compensation quantity of the three-phase power capacitor corresponding to the minimum main line opening degree into the main line of the heat pump by using a capacitance switching device;
wherein G isMinimum opening degreeFor minimum opening control data, QFan compensation capacityFor the capacity compensation quantity, Q, at the current moment after the fan is startedMaximum capacity of three-phase power capacitorIs the maximum capacitance of the three-phase power capacitor, GMaximum opening degreeIs maximum opening degree control data, G'Minimum main line openingAnd k is a proportionality coefficient, wherein k is the minimum main line opening of the capacitor switching device.
Optionally, when the start signal of the first compressor is detected, the capacitance compensation amount when the first compressor is started is calculated according to the power factor when the start signal of the first compressor is detected, and the method specifically includes:
when a first compressor starting signal is detected, obtaining a power factor of the first compressor when the first compressor starting signal is detected;
judging whether the power factor of the first compressor starting signal is less than 0.95 and not less than 0 to obtain a second judgment result;
if the second judgment result shows yes, a formula Q is used according to the power factor of the first compressor during the starting signalCapacity compensation of compressor＝S*(0.95-COSΦ2) Determining the capacitance compensation amount of the first compressor at start-up；
Wherein Q isCapacity compensation of compressorIs the capacitance compensation amount when the first compressor is started, S is the three-phase apparent power of the heat pump, COS phi2The power factor of the first compressor on signal.
Optionally, the controlling, according to the capacitance compensation amount when the first compressor is started, the capacitance switching device to perform capacitance compensation on the main line of the heat pump specifically includes:
according to the capacitance compensation amount and the minimum opening control data when the first compressor is started, a formula G is usedOpening degree of operation＝QCapacity compensation of compressor/QMaximum capacity of three-phase power capacitor*(GMaximum opening degree-GMinimum opening degree) Determining operation opening degree control data of the capacitor switching device when the first compressor is started;
according to the operation opening degree control data, utilizing a formula G'Opening degree of main line＝k*GOpening degree of operationDetermining the opening degree of a main line of the capacitor switching device;
compensating the capacitance compensation quantity of the three-phase power capacitor corresponding to the opening degree of the main line into the main line of the heat pump by using a capacitance switching device;
wherein G isOpening degree of operationFor the control data of the operating opening of the capacity switching device, Q, at the start of the first compressorCapacity compensation of compressorFor the capacity compensation, Q, at the start of the first compressorMaximum capacity of three-phase power capacitorIs the maximum capacitance of the three-phase power capacitor, GMaximum opening degreeFor maximum opening control data, GMinimum opening degreeIs minimum opening degree control data, G'Opening degree of main lineK is a proportionality coefficient.
Optionally, the method for adjusting the capacitance compensation amount after the compressor is started according to the real-time power factor after the first compressor start signal is detected, and as the real-time capacitance compensation amount after the compressor is started, the method specifically includes:
judging whether the power factor at the current moment after the starting signal of the first compressor is greater than 0.95 and less than 1 or not to obtain a third judgment result;
if the third judgment result shows that the current time is the power factor of the first compressor at the current moment, utilizing a formula QReduction of required capacitanceDetermining the required capacity Q for reducing the compressor (COS' phi-0.95)Reduction of required capacitance；
According to the capacitance compensation amount of the previous moment after the starting signal of the first compressor and the capacitance Q required by the compressor to reduceReduction of required capacitanceFrom formula Q'Real-time capacity compensation of compressor＝QCapacitance compensation amount at previous time-QReduction of required capacitanceDetermining the capacitance compensation quantity Q 'at the current moment after the compressor is started'Real-time capacity compensation of compressor；
If the third judgment result shows no, judging whether the power factor at the current moment after the starting signal of the first compressor is less than 0.95 and not less than 0 to obtain a fourth judgment result;
if the fourth judgment result shows that the current time is the same as the current time, a formula Q is used according to the power factor of the current time after the first compressor starting signalIncrease the required capacitanceDetermining the capacitance Q required by the compressor to increase S (0.95-COS' phi)Increase the required capacitance；
According to the capacitance compensation amount of the previous moment after the starting signal of the first compressor and the capacitance Q required by the compressor to increaseIncrease the required capacitanceFrom formula Q'Real-time capacity compensation of compressor＝QCapacitance compensation amount at previous time+QIncrease the required capacitanceDetermining the capacitance compensation quantity Q 'at the current moment after the compressor is started'Real-time capacity compensation of compressor；
If the fourth judgment result shows no, utilizing a formula Q 'according to the power factor of the current moment after the first compressor starting signal'Reduction of required capacitance(1+ COS ' Φ +0.05), the compressor reduction demand capacity Q ' is determined 'Reduction of required capacitance；
According to the previous moment after the start signal of the first compressorCapacitance compensation amount and reduced demand capacity Q 'of the compressor'Reduction of required capacitanceFrom formula Q'Real-time capacity compensation of compressor＝QCapacitance compensation amount at previous time-Q'Reduction of required capacitanceDetermining the capacitance compensation quantity Q 'at the current moment after the compressor is started'Real-time capacity compensation of compressor；
Wherein S is the three-phase apparent power of the heat pump, COS' phi is the power factor of the first compressor at the current moment after the start signal, and QCapacitance compensation amount at previous timeThe capacitance compensation quantity of the previous moment after the starting signal of the first compressor.
Optionally, when the i-th compressor stop signal is detected, the capacitance compensation amount when the i-th compressor stop signal is detected is adjusted according to the average capacitance required by each compressor before the i-th compressor is detected to stop, so as to obtain the capacitance compensation amount after the i-th compressor stops, and specifically includes:
according to the real-time capacitance compensation amount of the compressor before the i compressor stops and the total number of the compressors running before the i compressor stops, a formula Q is usedCapacitance per average requirement＝Q'Capacity compensation of compressor/CTotal number of running stationsDetermining the average capacitance required by each compressor;
taking the difference value between the capacitance compensation amount when the ith compressor stops and the average capacitance as the capacitance compensation amount after the ith compressor stops;
wherein, Q'Capacity compensation of compressorFor the real-time capacity compensation of the compressor before the i-th compressor stops, QCapacitance per average requirementAverage capacity required for each compressor, CTotal number of running stationsI is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to C for the total number of the running compressorsTotal number of running stations。
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides an air source heat pump reactive compensation control system and method, wherein an electrical parameter instrument collects three-phase apparent power and power factor of an air source heat pump, a PLC respectively calculates real-time capacitance compensation quantity after a fan runs and a compressor runs in the heat pump running process and real-time capacitance compensation quantity after the compressor stops step by step in the heat pump stopping process according to the three-phase apparent power and the power factor, and a capacitance switching device is controlled according to the real-time capacitance compensation quantity to compensate corresponding capacitance compensation quantity in a three-phase power capacitor to a main circuit of the heat pump, so that real-time reactive compensation of the heat pump is realized, the reactive loss of the heat pump is reduced, and the energy-saving performance of the heat pump is further improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of an air source heat pump reactive compensation control system provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a connection structure diagram of the capacitor switching device provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a reactive compensation control method for an air source heat pump according to the present invention;
description of the symbols: 1-electric parameter instrument, 2-PLC, 3-capacitance switching device, 4-three-phase power capacitor and 5-control device.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide an air source heat pump reactive compensation control system and method, which are used for carrying out reactive compensation on a heat pump in real time.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The electric load is divided into a pure resistive load, an inductive load and a capacitive load. The pure resistive load can fully utilize the electric energy (COS phi is 1). The inductive load can only utilize a part of the electric energy, and the rest part of the electric energy is not utilized and is lost, and the lost part of the electric energy is called reactive loss (0< COS phi < 1). The capacitive load is an energy storage element, stores electric energy and releases the electric energy to a power supply system (COS phi < 0).
The invention provides an air source heat pump reactive compensation control system, as shown in fig. 1, the control system comprises: the electric power meter comprises an electric parameter meter 1, a PLC2, a capacitance switching device 3 and a three-phase power capacitor 4.
The detection interface of the electric parameter instrument 1 is connected with a main circuit of the heat pump, the signal output end of the electric parameter instrument 1 is connected with the PLC2, and the electric parameter instrument 1 is used for collecting three-phase apparent power and power factor of the heat pump and transmitting the three-phase apparent power and power factor to the PLC 2. Preferably, the detection interface (three-phase voltage and three-phase current signal channel) of the electric parameter instrument is connected to the outlet end of the heat pump main power switch through a lead, the three-phase voltage detection interface is connected in the main line, and the three-phase current detection interface is connected to a current transformer in the main line.
The PLC2 is connected with the control end of the capacitor switching device 3, and the PLC2 is used for determining a capacitance compensation amount according to the three-phase apparent power and the power factor, determining opening control data of the capacitor switching device 3 according to the capacitance compensation amount, and controlling the main line opening of the capacitor switching device 3 according to the opening control data.
As shown in fig. 2, the input end of the capacitance switching device 3 is connected to the three-phase power capacitor 4, the output end of the capacitance switching device 3 is connected to the main circuit of the heat pump, and the capacitance switching device 3 is used for compensating the corresponding capacitance compensation amount in the three-phase power capacitor 4 to the main circuit of the heat pump under the control of the PLC 2. In fig. 2, the heat pump includes a circulation pump, a fan, a first compressor, a second compressor, a third compressor and a fourth compressor, and the outlet end of the heat pump main switch is connected with the circulation pump, the fan, the first compressor, the second compressor, the third compressor and the fourth compressor in sequence through a three-phase power main line and a power line.
The opening control data calculated by a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is transmitted to a control line of the capacitance switching device 3 through a standard electric signal or 485 communication, the variation range of the opening control data is from 0 to the maximum value, the opening control data and the opening of the main line of the capacitance switching device 3 are in a direct proportional linear relationship, the opening of the main line of the capacitance switching device 3 is "0" (closed) when the opening control data is "0", and the opening of the main line of the capacitance switching device 3 is "maximum" (fully open) when the opening control data is "maximum".
The three-phase power capacitor 4 compensates the required capacitance through the opening of the main line of the capacitor switching device 3, when the opening of the main line of the capacitor switching device 3 is 0, the three-phase power capacitor 4 has no capacitance to compensate the heat pump power supply main line, and when the opening of the main line of the capacitor switching device 3 is maximum, the three-phase power capacitor 4 compensates the heat pump power supply main line for the maximum capacitance.
The control system further comprises: and a control device 5. The input end of the control device 5 is connected with the signal output end of the electric parameter instrument 1, the output end of the control device 5 is connected with the PLC2, and the control device 5 is used for acquiring the three-phase apparent power and the power factor of the electric parameter instrument 1 and transmitting the three-phase apparent power and the power factor to the PLC 2. Preferably, the control device is a device with a touch screen.
As shown in fig. 1, the electrical parameter meter 1 and the control device 5 communicate with each other according to a ModbusRTU communication protocol, the PLC2 and the control device 5 communicate with each other according to a PPI communication protocol, and the electrical parameter meter 1, the PLC2 and the control device 5 are connected by a 485 bus. The capacitor switching device 3 is connected with the three-phase power capacitor 4 through a power line.
Preferably, the electric parameter instrument 1 can also collect three-phase current, three-phase voltage and three-phase active power of the heat pump, the control device 5 can also transmit the three-phase current, the three-phase voltage and the three-phase active power of the heat pump collected by the electric parameter instrument 1 to the PLC2, the PLC2 can also determine capacitance compensation quantity according to the three-phase active power and the power factor, further determine opening degree control data of the capacitance switching device 3 according to the capacitance compensation quantity, and control the main line opening degree of the capacitance switching device 3 according to the opening degree control data.
At present, inductive loads are mainly used in civil and industrial industries, and in order to improve power factors, the inductive loads are connected in parallel with capacitance compensation in a power distribution system to reduce reactive loss of the inductive loads, but the capacitance compensation has overlarge capacity, so that the electric energy stored in the capacitance is released into the power distribution system, and abnormal operation of lower-end electric equipment or equipment damage is caused. The invention realizes the stepless regulation of reactive compensation, can reach the capacitance compensation amount of any requirement and greatly shortens the failure rate by adopting contactless switching.
The operation sequence of the heat pump is as follows: the circulating pump, the delayed starting fan and the delayed starting compressor after the fan is started are started firstly (when a plurality of compressors exist, the first compressor is started firstly during running, the second compressor is started in a delayed mode, the third compressor is started in a delayed mode, the fourth compressor is started in a delayed mode, and …). Shutdown sequence of heat pump: firstly stopping the compressors (when a plurality of compressors exist, stopping the first compressor firstly, stopping the second compressor in a delayed mode, stopping the third compressor in a delayed mode, stopping the fourth compressor in a delayed mode, …), stopping the fan in a delayed mode, and stopping the circulating pump in a delayed mode after stopping the fan. The heat pump is configured with different compressors according to different environmental temperatures, water outlet temperatures and heating quantities (actually, the heating quantity of one compressor is fixed), and the compressors are started or stopped step by step in starting or stopping.
As shown in fig. 3, the present invention further provides an air source heat pump reactive compensation control method, including the following steps:
and S101, acquiring the power factor of the heat pump in real time by the electric parameter instrument.
S102, when a fan starting signal is detected, calculating a capacitance compensation quantity after the fan is started according to the real-time power factor when the fan starting signal is detected, and controlling a capacitance switching device to perform capacitance compensation on a main circuit of the heat pump according to the capacitance compensation quantity after the fan is started, so that the power factor of the heat pump reaches a first target power factor. The first target power factor is 0.85.
S103, when a starting signal of the first compressor is detected, calculating the capacitance compensation amount when the first compressor is started according to the power factor when the starting signal of the first compressor is detected, and controlling the capacitance switching device to perform capacitance compensation on a main line of the heat pump according to the capacitance compensation amount when the first compressor is started.
And S104, adjusting the capacitance compensation quantity after the compressor is started according to the real-time power factor after the first compressor starting signal is detected to be used as the real-time capacitance compensation quantity after the compressor is started, and controlling the capacitance switching device to perform real-time capacitance compensation on the main circuit of the heat pump according to the real-time capacitance compensation quantity after the compressor is started, so that the power factor of the heat pump reaches a second target power factor. The second target power factor is 0.95. This step is performed every 2 s.
S105, when the stopping signal of the ith compressor is detected, adjusting the capacitance compensation amount when the stopping signal of the ith compressor is detected according to the average capacitance required by each compressor before the stopping of the ith compressor is detected to obtain the capacitance compensation amount after the stopping of the ith compressor, and controlling the capacitance switching device to perform real-time capacitance compensation on the main circuit of the heat pump according to the capacitance compensation amount after the stopping of the ith compressor;
s106, adjusting the capacitance compensation quantity after the ith compressor is stopped according to the real-time power factor after the stopping signal of the ith compressor is detected and before the stopping signal of the (i + 1) th compressor, taking the capacitance compensation quantity as the real-time capacitance compensation quantity after the ith compressor is stopped, and controlling a capacitance switching device to perform real-time capacitance compensation on the main circuit of the heat pump according to the real-time capacitance compensation quantity after the ith compressor is stopped, so that the power factor of the heat pump reaches a second target power factor;
and S107, when a fan stop signal is detected, controlling the capacitance switching device to stop performing capacitance compensation on the main line of the heat pump.
Before step S101, initializing the system, where the initialization specifically includes: after the system is powered on, the electric parameter instrument detects the three-phase apparent power and the power factor in real time, the PLC controls a given capacitor switching device to have fixed 0-degree data (the value is a fixed value, and the opening degree of a main circuit of the capacitor switching device is guaranteed to be closed), and data Q is calculatedFan compensation capacity＝0、QCapacity required by compressor＝0、QIncrease or decrease of required capacitance＝0、CCounter with a memory0. And the opening degree of a main line of the capacitance switching device is closed just before power transmission and heat pump operation, and all data used for calculating the capacitance compensation amount is cleared.
Step S102, specifically including:
and when a fan starting signal is detected, obtaining the power factor at the current moment.
And judging whether the power factor at the current moment is less than 0.85 and not less than 0 to obtain a first judgment result.
If the first judgment result shows yes, a formula Q is used according to the power factor of the current momentFan compensation capacity＝S*(0.85-COSΦ1) And determining the capacitance compensation amount of the fan at the current moment after the fan is started.
Wherein Q isFan compensation capacityThe capacity compensation quantity at the current moment after the fan is started, S is the three-phase apparent power of the heat pump, and COS phi1Is the power factor at the present moment.
In the step S102, controlling the capacitance switching device to perform capacitance compensation on the main line of the heat pump according to the capacitance compensation amount after the fan is started, specifically including:
according to the capacitance compensation amount of the fan at the current moment after the fan is started, a formula G is utilizedMinimum opening degree＝QFan compensation capacity/QMaximum capacity of three-phase power capacitor*GMaximum opening degreeAnd determining the minimum opening control data of the capacitance switching device.
According to the minimum opening degree control data, a formula G'Minimum main line opening＝k*GMinimum opening degreeAnd determining the minimum main line opening of the capacitance switching device.
And compensating the capacitance compensation quantity of the three-phase power capacitor corresponding to the minimum main line opening degree into the main line of the heat pump by using the capacitance switching device.
Wherein G isMinimum opening degreeFor minimum opening control data, QFan compensation capacityFor the capacity compensation quantity, Q, at the current moment after the fan is startedMaximum capacity of three-phase power capacitorIs the maximum capacitance of the three-phase power capacitor, GMaximum opening degreeIs maximum opening degree control data, G'Minimum main line openingAnd k is a proportionality coefficient, wherein k is the minimum main line opening of the capacitor switching device. QMaximum capacity of three-phase power capacitorAnd GMaximum opening degreeAre all known fixed values.
And pre-charging compensation before the capacitor is put into operation formally is realized according to the minimum opening control data, and when the capacitor compensation capacity required by the operation of the compressor is calculated subsequently, the capacitance required by the fan does not need to be calculated additionally.
In the step S103, when the first compressor start signal is detected, calculating a capacitance compensation amount when the first compressor is started according to the power factor when the first compressor start signal is detected, specifically including:
and when the first compressor starting signal is detected, obtaining the power factor of the first compressor starting signal.
And judging whether the power factor of the first compressor during the starting signal is less than 0.95 and not less than 0 to obtain a second judgment result.
If the second judgment result shows yes, the formula Q is used according to the power factor of the first compressor when the starting signal is sentCapacity compensation of compressor＝S*(0.95-COSΦ2) And determining the capacitance compensation amount when the first compressor is started.
Wherein Q isCapacity compensation of compressorIs the capacitance compensation amount when the first compressor is started, S is the three-phase apparent power of the heat pump, COS phi2The power factor of the first compressor on signal.
In the step S103, controlling the capacitance switching device to perform capacitance compensation on the main line of the heat pump according to the capacitance compensation amount when the first compressor is started, specifically including:
according to the capacitance compensation amount and the minimum opening control data when the first compressor is started, the formula G is usedOpening degree of operation＝QCapacity compensation of compressor/QMaximum capacity of three-phase power capacitor*(GMaximum opening degree-GMinimum opening degree) And determining the operation opening control data of the capacitor switching device when the first compressor is started.
According to the operation opening degree control data, a formula G 'is utilized'Opening degree of main line＝k*GOpening degree of operationAnd determining the opening degree of the main line of the capacitor switching device.
And compensating the capacitance compensation quantity of the three-phase power capacitor corresponding to the opening degree of the main line into the main line of the heat pump by using the capacitance switching device.
Wherein G isOpening degree of operationFor the control data of the operating opening of the capacity switching device, Q, at the start of the first compressorCapacity compensation of compressorFor the capacity compensation, Q, at the start of the first compressorMaximum capacity of three-phase power capacitorIs the maximum capacitance of the three-phase power capacitor, GMaximum opening degreeFor maximum opening control data, GMinimum opening degreeIs minimum opening degree control data, G'Opening degree of main lineK is a proportionality coefficient.
In the step S104, the capacitance compensation amount after the compressor is started is adjusted according to the real-time power factor after the first compressor start signal is detected, and the capacitance compensation amount after the compressor is started is used as the real-time capacitance compensation amount after the compressor is started, which specifically includes:
and judging whether the power factor at the current moment after the starting signal of the first compressor is greater than 0.95 and less than 1 or not, and obtaining a third judgment result.
If the third judgment result shows that the current time is the power factor after the first compressor starting signal, a formula Q is usedReduction of required capacitanceDetermining the required capacity Q for reducing the compressor (COS' phi-0.95)Reduction of required capacitance。
According to the capacitance compensation amount of the previous moment after the starting signal of the first compressor and the compressorReduced required capacitance QReduction of required capacitanceFrom formula Q'Real-time capacity compensation of compressor＝QCapacitance compensation amount at previous time-QReduction of required capacitanceDetermining the capacitance compensation quantity Q 'at the current moment after the compressor is started'Real-time capacity compensation of compressor。
And if the third judgment result shows no, judging whether the power factor at the current moment after the starting signal of the first compressor is less than 0.95 and not less than 0 to obtain a fourth judgment result.
If the fourth judgment result shows that the current time is the power factor after the first compressor starting signal, a formula Q is usedIncrease the required capacitanceDetermining the capacitance Q required by the compressor to increase S (0.95-COS' phi)Increase the required capacitance。
According to the capacitance compensation amount of the previous moment after the starting signal of the first compressor and the capacitance Q required by the increase of the compressorIncrease the required capacitanceFrom formula Q'Real-time capacity compensation of compressor＝QCapacitance compensation amount at previous time+QIncrease the required capacitanceDetermining the capacitance compensation quantity Q 'at the current moment after the compressor is started'Real-time capacity compensation of compressor。
If the fourth judgment result shows no, utilizing a formula Q 'according to the power factor of the current moment after the first compressor starting signal'Reduction of required capacitance(1+ COS ' Φ +0.05), the compressor reduction demand capacity Q ' is determined 'Reduction of required capacitance。
According to the capacitance compensation amount at the previous moment after the starting signal of the first compressor and the reduction demand capacitance Q 'of the compressor'Reduction of required capacitanceFrom formula Q'Real-time capacity compensation of compressor＝QCapacitance compensation amount at previous time-Q'Reduction of required capacitanceDetermining the capacitance compensation quantity Q 'at the current moment after the compressor is started'Real-time capacity compensation of compressor。
Wherein S is the three-phase apparent power of the heat pump, COS' phi is the power factor of the first compressor at the current moment after the start signal, and QCapacitance compensation amount at previous timeThe capacitance compensation quantity of the previous moment after the starting signal of the first compressor.
In the process from the step S104 to the step S105, the compressors are started in a delayed mode step by step, and after the first compressor is put into operation, CCounter with a memoryFor data 1, one compressor was subsequently put into operation, CCounter with a memoryPlus 1. When the compressors are put into operation step by step, the real-time power factor is reduced, so that the real-time power factor can be close to 0.95 no matter how many compressors are put into operation by executing the step S104.
And in the step S104, controlling the capacitance switching device to perform real-time capacitance compensation on the main line of the heat pump according to the real-time capacitance compensation quantity after the compressor is started so that the power factor of the heat pump reaches a second target power factor, wherein the same implementation manner as that in the step S103 is used for controlling the capacitance switching device to perform capacitance compensation on the main line of the heat pump according to the capacitance compensation quantity when the first compressor is started.
In step S105, when the i-th compressor stop signal is detected, the capacitance compensation amount when the i-th compressor stop signal is detected is adjusted according to the average capacitance required by each compressor before the i-th compressor is detected to obtain the capacitance compensation amount after the i-th compressor is stopped, which specifically includes:
according to the real-time capacitance compensation amount of the compressor before the i compressor stops and the total number of the compressors running before the i compressor stops, a formula Q is usedCapacitance per average requirement＝Q'Capacity compensation of compressor/CTotal number of running stationsDetermining the average capacitance required by each compressor;
taking the difference value between the capacitance compensation amount when the ith compressor stops and the average capacitance as the capacitance compensation amount after the ith compressor stops;
wherein, Q'Capacity compensation of compressorFor the real-time capacity compensation of the compressor before the i-th compressor stops, QCapacitance per average requirementAverage capacity required for each compressor, CTotal number of running stationsThe total number of the compressors is less than or equal to 1i≤CTotal number of running stations。
When the heat pump stops, one compressor is stopped every time delay to subtract the average capacitance required by each compressor, and the required capacitance is ensured to be overlarge when the compressors are stopped step by step. When the heat pump stops, the compressors stop step by step, and one compressor is stopped to execute once every time delay CCounter with a memoryMinus 1.
After all the compressors are stopped, all capacitance input after the first compressor is operated is eliminated, only the capacitance required by the fan is reserved, and at the moment, Q is equal to the capacitance required by the fanCapacity required by compressor＝QFan compensation capacity。
In the step S105, the capacitance compensation amount control capacitance switching device controls the capacitance switching device to perform the capacitance compensation on the main line of the heat pump in real time according to the capacitance compensation amount after each compressor is stopped, which is the same as the implementation manner of controlling the capacitance switching device to perform the capacitance compensation on the main line of the heat pump according to the capacitance compensation amount when the first compressor is started in the step S103.
The implementation of the step S106 is the same as that of the step S104.
S107, after the fan stops, the PLC controls the opening degree of a main line of the capacitor switching device to be 0 (closed), capacitor compensation is not needed, and meanwhile, data calculated by capacitance are all cleared, Q is obtainedFan compensation capacity＝0、QCapacity required by compressor＝0、QIncrease or decrease of required capacitance＝0、CCounter with a memory＝0。
If the PLC determines the capacitance compensation quantity according to the three-phase active power and the power factor, the capacitance compensation quantity can be calculated by using the following formula:
equation 1: s ═ P + Q
Equation 2: COS phi is P/S
Equation 3: q ═ S (1-COS Φ)
In the formulas 1-3, S-three-phase apparent power, P-three-phase active power, Q-three-phase reactive power and COS phi-three-phase power factor.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the air source heat pump is energy-saving and environment-friendly equipment, and the invention improves the operation of the heat pump, further saves energy and reduces 20-40% of reactive loss.
2. The stepless regulation of reactive compensation is realized, the capacitance compensation amount of any requirement can be achieved, and the fault rate is greatly shortened by adopting contactless switching.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the system disclosed by the embodiment, the description is relatively simple because the system corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (9)

1. An air source heat pump reactive compensation control system, characterized in that, the control system includes: the system comprises an electric parameter instrument, a PLC, a capacitance switching device and a three-phase power capacitor;
the detection interface of the electrical parameter instrument is connected with a main circuit of the heat pump, the signal output end of the electrical parameter instrument is connected with the PLC, and the electrical parameter instrument is used for collecting three-phase apparent power and power factor of the heat pump and transmitting the three-phase apparent power and the power factor to the PLC;
the PLC is connected with the control end of the capacitor switching device and used for determining a capacitance compensation amount according to the three-phase apparent power and the power factor, determining opening control data of the capacitor switching device according to the capacitance compensation amount and controlling the main line opening of the capacitor switching device according to the opening control data;
the input end of the capacitance switching device is connected with the three-phase power capacitor, the output end of the capacitance switching device is connected with the main circuit of the heat pump, and the capacitance switching device is used for compensating the capacitance compensation quantity of the three-phase power capacitor corresponding to the opening degree of the main circuit into the main circuit of the heat pump under the control of the PLC.
2. The air-source heat pump reactive compensation control system of claim 1, wherein the control system further comprises: a control device;
the input end of the control device is connected with the signal output end of the electrical parameter instrument, the output end of the control device is connected with the PLC, and the control device is used for acquiring the three-phase apparent power and the power factor of the electrical parameter instrument and transmitting the three-phase apparent power and the power factor to the PLC.
3. An air source heat pump reactive compensation control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the electric parameter instrument collects the power factor of the heat pump in real time;
when a fan starting signal is detected, calculating the capacitance compensation amount after the fan is started according to the real-time power factor when the fan starting signal is detected, and controlling a capacitance switching device to perform capacitance compensation on a main circuit of the heat pump according to the capacitance compensation amount after the fan is started, so that the power factor of the heat pump reaches a first target power factor;
when a starting signal of a first compressor is detected, calculating the capacitance compensation amount when the first compressor is started according to the power factor when the starting signal of the first compressor is detected, and controlling a capacitance switching device to perform capacitance compensation on a main circuit of a heat pump according to the capacitance compensation amount when the first compressor is started;
adjusting the capacitance compensation quantity after the compressor is started according to the real-time power factor after the first compressor starting signal is detected to be used as the real-time capacitance compensation quantity after the compressor is started, and controlling the capacitance switching device to perform real-time capacitance compensation on the main circuit of the heat pump according to the real-time capacitance compensation quantity after the compressor is started to enable the power factor of the heat pump to reach a second target power factor;
when the ith compressor stop signal is detected, adjusting the capacitance compensation amount when the ith compressor stop signal is detected according to the average capacitance required by each compressor before the ith compressor is detected to obtain the capacitance compensation amount after the ith compressor is stopped, and controlling the capacitance switching device to perform real-time capacitance compensation on the main circuit of the heat pump according to the capacitance compensation amount after the ith compressor is stopped;
adjusting the capacitance compensation quantity after the ith compressor stops according to the real-time power factor after the stopping signal of the ith compressor is detected and before the stopping signal of the (i + 1) th compressor, taking the capacitance compensation quantity as the real-time capacitance compensation quantity after the ith compressor stops, and controlling a capacitance switching device to perform real-time capacitance compensation on a main circuit of the heat pump according to the real-time capacitance compensation quantity after the ith compressor stops, so that the power factor of the heat pump reaches a second target power factor;
and when a fan stop signal is detected, controlling the capacitance switching device to stop performing capacitance compensation on the main line of the heat pump.
4. The reactive compensation control method for the air source heat pump according to claim 3, wherein when the fan starting signal is detected, the capacitance compensation amount after the fan is started is calculated according to the real-time power factor when the fan starting signal is detected, and specifically comprises the following steps:
when a fan starting signal is detected, obtaining a power factor at the current moment;
judging whether the power factor at the current moment is less than 0.85 and not less than 0 to obtain a first judgment result;
if the first judgment result shows yes, a formula Q is used according to the power factor of the current momentFan compensation capacity＝S*(0.85-COSΦ1) Determining the capacitance compensation amount of the fan at the current moment after the fan is started;
wherein Q isFan compensation capacityThe capacity compensation quantity at the current moment after the fan is started, S is the three-phase apparent power of the heat pump, and COS phi1For the power of the current timeA factor of.
5. The air source heat pump reactive compensation control method according to claim 3, wherein the controlling of the capacitance switching device according to the capacitance compensation amount after the fan is started to perform capacitance compensation on the main line of the heat pump specifically comprises:
according to the capacitance compensation amount of the fan at the current moment after the fan is started, a formula G is utilizedMinimum opening degree＝QFan compensation capacity/QMaximum capacity of three-phase power capacitor*GMaximum opening degreeDetermining the minimum opening control data of the capacitance switching device;
according to the minimum opening degree control data, utilizing a formula G'Minimum main line opening＝k*GMinimum opening degreeDetermining the minimum main line opening of the capacitor switching device;
compensating the capacitance compensation quantity of the three-phase power capacitor corresponding to the minimum main line opening degree into the main line of the heat pump by using a capacitance switching device;
wherein G isMinimum opening degreeFor minimum opening control data, QFan compensation capacityFor the capacity compensation quantity, Q, at the current moment after the fan is startedMaximum capacity of three-phase power capacitorIs the maximum capacitance of the three-phase power capacitor, GMaximum opening degreeIs maximum opening degree control data, G'Minimum main line openingAnd k is a proportionality coefficient, wherein k is the minimum main line opening of the capacitor switching device.
6. The reactive compensation control method for the air-source heat pump according to claim 5, wherein when the first compressor start signal is detected, the method calculates the capacitance compensation amount at the start of the first compressor according to the power factor at the time of detecting the first compressor start signal, and specifically comprises:
when a first compressor starting signal is detected, obtaining a power factor of the first compressor when the first compressor starting signal is detected;
judging whether the power factor of the first compressor starting signal is less than 0.95 and not less than 0 to obtain a second judgment result;
if the second judgment result shows yes, a formula Q is used according to the power factor of the first compressor during the starting signalCapacity compensation of compressor＝S*(0.95-COSΦ2) Determining the capacitance compensation amount when the first compressor is started;
wherein Q isCapacity compensation of compressorIs the capacitance compensation amount when the first compressor is started, S is the three-phase apparent power of the heat pump, COS phi2The power factor of the first compressor on signal.
7. The reactive compensation control method for the air source heat pump according to claim 6, wherein the controlling of the capacitance switching device according to the capacitance compensation amount when the first compressor is started to perform capacitance compensation on the main line of the heat pump specifically comprises:
according to the capacitance compensation amount and the minimum opening control data when the first compressor is started, a formula G is usedOpening degree of operation＝QCapacity compensation of compressor/QMaximum capacity of three-phase power capacitor*(GMaximum opening degree-GMinimum opening degree) Determining operation opening degree control data of the capacitor switching device when the first compressor is started;
according to the operation opening degree control data, utilizing a formula G'Opening degree of main line＝k*GOpening degree of operationDetermining the opening degree of a main line of the capacitor switching device;
compensating the capacitance compensation quantity of the three-phase power capacitor corresponding to the opening degree of the main line into the main line of the heat pump by using a capacitance switching device;
wherein G isOpening degree of operationFor the control data of the operating opening of the capacity switching device, Q, at the start of the first compressorCapacity compensation of compressorFor the capacity compensation, Q, at the start of the first compressorMaximum capacity of three-phase power capacitorIs the maximum capacitance of the three-phase power capacitor, GMaximum opening degreeFor maximum opening control data, GMinimum opening degreeIs minimum opening degree control data, G'Opening degree of main lineIs the main line opening of the capacitor switching device, and k is a proportionality coefficient。
8. The reactive compensation control method for the air source heat pump according to claim 3, wherein the step of adjusting the capacitance compensation amount after the compressor is started according to the real-time power factor after the first compressor start signal is detected, as the real-time capacitance compensation amount after the compressor is started, specifically comprises:
judging whether the power factor at the current moment after the starting signal of the first compressor is greater than 0.95 and less than 1 or not to obtain a third judgment result;
if the third judgment result shows that the current time is the power factor of the first compressor at the current moment, utilizing a formula QReduction of required capacitanceDetermining the required capacity Q for reducing the compressor (COS' phi-0.95)Reduction of required capacitance；
According to the capacitance compensation amount of the previous moment after the starting signal of the first compressor and the capacitance Q required by the compressor to reduceReduction of required capacitanceFrom formula Q'Real-time capacity compensation of compressor＝QCapacitance compensation amount at previous time-QReduction of required capacitanceDetermining the capacitance compensation quantity Q 'at the current moment after the compressor is started'Real-time capacity compensation of compressor；
If the third judgment result shows no, judging whether the power factor at the current moment after the starting signal of the first compressor is less than 0.95 and not less than 0 to obtain a fourth judgment result;
if the fourth judgment result shows that the current time is the same as the current time, a formula Q is used according to the power factor of the current time after the first compressor starting signalIncrease the required capacitanceDetermining the capacitance Q required by the compressor to increase S (0.95-COS' phi)Increase the required capacitance；
According to the capacitance compensation amount of the previous moment after the starting signal of the first compressor and the capacitance Q required by the compressor to increaseIncrease the required capacitanceFrom formula Q'Real-time capacity compensation of compressor＝QCapacitance compensation amount at previous time+QIncrease the required capacitanceEnsure thatDetermining capacitance compensation quantity Q 'at current moment after compressor is started'Real-time capacity compensation of compressor；
If the fourth judgment result shows no, utilizing a formula Q 'according to the power factor of the current moment after the first compressor starting signal'Reduction of required capacitance(1+ COS ' Φ +0.05), the compressor reduction demand capacity Q ' is determined 'Reduction of required capacitance；
According to the capacitance compensation amount at the previous moment after the starting signal of the first compressor and the reduction demand capacitance Q 'of the compressor'Reduction of required capacitanceFrom formula Q'Real-time capacity compensation of compressor＝QCapacitance compensation amount at previous time-Q'Reduction of required capacitanceDetermining the capacitance compensation quantity Q 'at the current moment after the compressor is started'Real-time capacity compensation of compressor；
Wherein S is the three-phase apparent power of the heat pump, COS' phi is the power factor of the first compressor at the current moment after the start signal, and QCapacitance compensation amount at previous timeThe capacitance compensation quantity of the previous moment after the starting signal of the first compressor.
9. The reactive compensation control method for the air source heat pump according to claim 3, wherein when the i-th compressor stop signal is detected, the capacitance compensation amount when the i-th compressor stop signal is detected is adjusted according to the average capacitance required by each compressor before the i-th compressor is detected, so as to obtain the capacitance compensation amount after the i-th compressor is stopped, specifically comprising:
according to the real-time capacitance compensation amount of the compressor before the i compressor stops and the total number of the compressors running before the i compressor stops, a formula Q is usedCapacitance per average requirement＝Q'Capacity compensation of compressor/CTotal number of running stationsDetermining the average capacitance required by each compressor;
taking the difference value between the capacitance compensation amount when the ith compressor stops and the average capacitance as the capacitance compensation amount after the ith compressor stops;
wherein, Q'Capacity compensation of compressorFor the real-time capacity compensation of the compressor before the i-th compressor stops, QCapacitance per average requirementAverage capacity required for each compressor, CTotal number of running stationsI is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to C for the total number of the running compressorsTotal number of running stations。
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