CN112036101B - Electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation device, simulation system and method for simulating and measuring temperature of melt in molten pool by using simulation system - Google Patents
Electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation device, simulation system and method for simulating and measuring temperature of melt in molten pool by using simulation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation device, a simulation system and a method for simulating and measuring the temperature of a melt in a molten pool by using the simulation system. The electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool heat mixing simulation device comprises a simulation molten pool, a top-blown gas nozzle, a side-blown gas nozzle, a bottom-blown gas nozzle and a temperature measuring element. The electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool heat blending simulation system comprises a simulation device and fluid contained in an accommodating space. A method of analog measurement of melt temperature in a melt pool, comprising: adding the fluid into a simulated molten pool, standing and layering, inputting water vapor into the aqueous solution through a top-blown gas nozzle and a side-blown gas nozzle, and inputting gas into the aqueous solution through a bottom-blown gas nozzle; and recording the temperature value measured by the temperature measuring element to obtain the relation of the temperature changing along with the time. The simulation device and the simulation system provided by the application can effectively simulate and measure the condition of the melt temperature of the steelmaking molten pool of the electric arc furnace, and provide theoretical basis and guidance for production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metallurgy, in particular to an electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation device, a simulation system and a method for simulating and measuring the temperature of a melt in a molten pool by using the same.
Background
The electric arc furnace steelmaking is one of important steelmaking methods, scrap steel is used as a main raw material, and the method has the advantages of short flow, low energy consumption, energy conservation, environmental protection and the like, but the key common technical problems restricting the further development of the electric arc furnace steelmaking are that the smelting period is long, the energy utilization rate is low, the production cost is high and the like, and the main reasons are that the stirring of the electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool is weak, the dynamic conditions are poor, the requirements of energy and material transmission in the furnace are difficult to meet, and the proceeding of the steelmaking reaction in the furnace is. The aforementioned problems can be solved to a certain extent by using the combined converting technology.
Under the limitation of furnace type conditions and smelting process system, the temperature distribution and heat transmission of the melt in the molten pool still have great difference after the electric arc furnace adopts the composite blowing technology. Researchers at home and abroad mainly adopt a numerical simulation technology to research the temperature distribution of the melt in the melting pool of the electric arc furnace, and the numerical simulation conditions are based on the assumption of a model, so that the simulation result has a larger difference from the actual steelmaking process of the electric arc furnace. Because the temperature of the electric arc furnace in the steelmaking process is high and the conditions are complex, the temperature conditions of the melt at different positions in the molten pool are difficult to effectively obtain by the existing technical means.
In view of this, the present application is specifically made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation device, a simulation system and a method for simulating and measuring the temperature of a melt in a molten pool by using the electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation device, so as to solve the problems.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the device comprises a simulated molten pool with a containing space, a top-blown gas nozzle for inputting steam to the top of the simulated molten pool, a side-blown gas nozzle for inputting steam to the side of the simulated molten pool, a bottom-blown gas nozzle for inputting gas to the bottom of the simulated molten pool and a temperature measuring element for measuring the temperature of fluid contained in the containing space.
Preferably, the top-blowing gas nozzle, the side-blowing gas nozzle and the bottom-blowing gas nozzle are provided in plurality;
preferably, the cross section of the lower part of the simulated molten pool is circular, a connecting line of circle centers of a plurality of the cross sections forms a central line, and a plurality of top-blown gas nozzles are uniformly distributed around the central line.
The top-blowing gas nozzles, the side-blowing gas nozzles and the bottom-blowing gas nozzles can better simulate the top-blowing, side-blowing and bottom-blowing conditions in the actual production process.
Preferably, two top-blowing gas nozzles, two side-blowing gas nozzles and two bottom-blowing gas nozzles are arranged;
preferably, two of the top-blown gas nozzles are arranged symmetrically around the center line in a diametrical direction of the cross section;
preferably, the connecting line of the two side-blowing gas nozzles is vertical to the connecting line of the two top-blowing gas nozzles;
preferably, the ratio of the distance of the bottom-blowing gas nozzle from the center line to the radius of the cross-section is (0.3-0.5): 1;
preferably, the included angle between the projections of the perpendicular lines of the two bottom-blowing gas nozzles to the center line on the same cross section is 110 ° to 130 °.
The position of the gas nozzle is limited, so that the actual production state can be better simulated, the consistency of data obtained by simulation and data obtained by actual production can be improved, and the simulation result can better guide production.
Optionally, the ratio of the distance of the bottom-blowing gas nozzle from the centerline to the radius of the cross-section may be 0.3: 1. 0.4: 1. 0.5: 1 and (0.3-0.5): 1, preferably 0.4: 1; the angle between the projections of two bottom-blowing gas nozzles onto the same cross section perpendicular to the center line can be any value between 110 °, 120 °, 130 ° and 110 ° -130 °, preferably 120 °.
Preferably, the temperature measuring element is connected with a recorder;
preferably, the temperature measuring element comprises a thermocouple;
preferably, the temperature measuring elements are arranged in a plurality, and the temperature measuring elements are uniformly distributed along the depth direction of the accommodating space.
The temperature of different positions of the fluid in the accommodating space is measured by the temperature measuring elements, so that more comprehensive data can be obtained.
Preferably, the top-blowing gas nozzle and the side-blowing gas nozzle are both communicated with a water vapor generator, and the bottom-blowing gas nozzle is communicated with a gas storage device.
Preferably, the material of the simulated molten pool comprises organic glass.
The electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation system comprises the simulation device and fluid contained in the containing space, wherein the fluid comprises grease and water solution which is not soluble with the grease.
Preferably, the aqueous solution comprises an aqueous calcium chloride solution;
preferably, the mass fraction of the calcium chloride aqueous solution is 14.7% -20.9%;
preferably, the oil or fat comprises edible oil;
preferably, at least one of the temperature sensing elements is disposed at the interface of the aqueous calcium chloride solution and the grease.
Calcium chloride aqueous solution is used for simulating molten steel melt, and grease is used for simulating steel slag.
Alternatively, the mass fraction of the calcium chloride aqueous solution may be any value between 14.7%, 15.0%, 15.5%, 16.0%, 16.5%, 17.0%, 17.5%, 18.0%, 18.5%, 19.0%, 19.5%, 20.0%, 20.5%, 20.9%, and 14.7% -20.9%.
The method for simulating and measuring the temperature of the melt in the molten pool by using the electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation system comprises the following steps:
adding the fluid into the simulated molten pool, standing and layering, inputting water vapor into the aqueous solution through the top blowing gas nozzle and the side blowing gas nozzle, and inputting gas into the aqueous solution through the bottom blowing gas nozzle;
and recording the temperature value measured by the temperature measuring element to obtain the relation of the temperature changing along with the time.
Preferably, the temperature of the water vapor is 150-158 ℃, and the flow rate is 5-15 kg/h;
preferably, the gas comprises nitrogen and/or argon;
preferably, the flow rate of the gas is less than or equal to 212L/h.
Alternatively, the temperature of the water vapor may be any value between 150 ℃, 151 ℃, 152 ℃, 153 ℃, 154 ℃, 155 ℃, 156 ℃, 157 ℃, 158 ℃ and 150-; the flow rate of the gas can be any positive value of 1L/h, 10L/h, 50L/h, 100L/h, 150L/h, 200L/h, 212L/h and less than or equal to 212L/h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation device simulates an electric arc furnace and accessory facilities thereof used in actual production through the arrangement of a simulation molten pool, a top blowing gas nozzle, a side blowing gas nozzle and a bottom blowing gas nozzle, and the temperature of fluid in an accommodating space of the simulation molten pool is measured through a temperature measuring element, so that temperature values of the simulation molten pool at various positions and in different states under a simulation state are obtained;
the electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation system provided by the application adopts the water solution which is not dissolved with grease to simulate the molten steel and the grease to simulate the slag layer; blowing steam into the top and the side wall of the molten pool by using a top-blowing gas nozzle and a side-blowing gas nozzle so as to simulate the reaction heat generated by oxygen supply of an electric arc furnace door and oxygen supply of the furnace wall; the physical model has higher similarity with the actual steelmaking process of the electric arc furnace;
according to the method for simulating and measuring the temperature of the melt in the molten pool by using the electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation system, the temperature distribution condition of liquid in the molten pool can be reflected visually by measuring the temperature of the aqueous solution at different positions in the simulated molten pool, so that the heat transfer rule of the melt in the electric arc furnace molten pool is obtained; the simulation result is helpful for optimizing the composite blowing smelting process of the electric arc furnace steelmaking and has important guiding significance for the electric arc furnace steelmaking production.
Drawings
To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electric arc furnace steelmaking melt pool simulation apparatus and simulation system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of an electric arc furnace steelmaking bath simulator provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the temperature change with time obtained in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the temperature change with time obtained in example 2 of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the temperature change with time obtained in example 3 of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the temperature change with time obtained in comparative example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the temperature change with time obtained in comparative example 2 of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the temperature change with time obtained in comparative example 3 of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between temperature and time obtained by bottom blowing for 3min under different steam flow rates and different bottom blowing gas flow rates;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the temperature change with time obtained in comparative example 4 of the present application;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the temperature change with time obtained in comparative example 5 of the present application;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the temperature change with time obtained in comparative example 6 of the present application;
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the temperature change with time obtained in comparative example 7 of the present application.
Reference numerals:
1-simulating a molten pool; 2-top-blown gas nozzles; 3-side blowing gas nozzle; 4-bottom blowing gas nozzle; 5-a temperature measuring element; 6-a water vapor generator; 7-a gas storage device; 8-paperless recorder; 9-a flow meter; 10-calcium chloride aqueous solution; 11-grease.
Detailed Description
The terms as used herein:
"prepared from … …" is synonymous with "comprising". The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," "contains," "containing," or any other variation thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.
The conjunction "consisting of … …" excludes any unspecified elements, steps or components. If used in a claim, the phrase is intended to claim as closed, meaning that it does not contain materials other than those described, except for the conventional impurities associated therewith. When the phrase "consisting of … …" appears in a clause of the subject matter of the claims rather than immediately after the subject matter, it defines only the elements described in the clause; other elements are not excluded from the claims as a whole.
When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or as a range of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. For example, when the range "1 ~ 5" is disclosed, the ranges described should be construed to include the ranges "1 ~ 4", "1 ~ 3", "1 ~ 2 and 4 ~ 5", "1 ~ 3 and 5", and the like. When a range of values is described herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof and all integers and fractions within the range.
In these examples, the parts and percentages are by mass unless otherwise indicated.
"part by mass" means a basic unit of measure indicating a mass ratio of a plurality of components, and 1 part may represent any unit mass, for example, 1g or 2.689 g. If we say that the part by mass of the component A is a part by mass and the part by mass of the component B is B part by mass, the ratio of the part by mass of the component A to the part by mass of the component B is a: b. alternatively, the mass of the A component is aK and the mass of the B component is bK (K is an arbitrary number, and represents a multiple factor). It is unmistakable that, unlike the parts by mass, the sum of the parts by mass of all the components is not limited to 100 parts.
"and/or" is used to indicate that one or both of the illustrated conditions may occur, e.g., a and/or B includes (a and B) and (a or B).
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present application provides an electric arc furnace steelmaking melt pool simulation apparatus, which includes a simulated melt pool 1 having a receiving space, a top-blowing gas nozzle 2 for supplying steam to the top of the simulated melt pool 1, a side-blowing gas nozzle 3 for supplying steam to the side of the simulated melt pool 1, a bottom-blowing gas nozzle 4 for supplying gas to the bottom of the simulated melt pool 1, and a temperature measuring element 5 for measuring the temperature of a fluid received in the receiving space. The simulation molten pool 1 is made of organic glass; the top-blowing gas nozzle 2 and the side-blowing gas nozzle 3 are both communicated with a water vapor generator 6, the bottom-blowing gas nozzle 4 is communicated with a gas storage device 7, and nitrogen is stored in the gas storage device 7. The temperature measuring element 5 comprises 4 thermocouples, and the 4 thermocouples are all connected with the paperless recorder 8.
The number of the top-blowing gas nozzles 2, the side-blowing gas nozzles 3, the bottom-blowing gas nozzles 4 and the temperature measuring elements 5 can be selected according to the needs, for example, 2, 3, 4, etc.; their positions can also be configured according to the needs and number of actual simulations. The top-blown gas nozzle 2 is arranged above the simulated molten pool 1, the side-blown gas nozzle 3 is arranged at the side of the simulated molten pool 1, and the bottom-blown gas nozzle 4 is arranged at the bottom of the simulated molten pool 1.
It should be further noted that a flow meter 9 is disposed on a pipeline connecting the bottom blowing gas nozzle 4 and the gas storage device 7. The flow rate of the water vapor can be measured by a measuring device of the water vapor generator 6, or a flow meter can be arranged on a corresponding pipeline for measuring.
The simulation prototype of the electric arc furnace steelmaking molten bath simulation device provided by the embodiment is a 65t eccentric bottom tapping electric arc furnace, and can be manufactured after being reduced according to the proportion as required, for example, according to the prototype: the simulated molten pool size ratio is 4: 1, preparation.
The embodiment also provides an electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation system, which comprises the electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation device, and the calcium chloride aqueous solution 10 and the grease 11 which are contained in the simulation molten pool 1. The calcium chloride aqueous solution 10 accounts for 14.7 percent by mass, and the oil 11 is edible oil. The edible oil may be one or a mixture of more of peanut oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower seed oil and blend oil, and can be mixed with a calcium chloride aqueous solution and then layered after standing.
The calcium chloride aqueous solution is used for simulating molten steel in the electric arc furnace, the edible oil is used for simulating a steel slag layer in the electric arc furnace, the top-blowing and side-blowing water vapor is used for simulating reaction heat generated by oxygen supply of a furnace door of the electric arc furnace and oxygen supply of a furnace wall to a molten pool, and the bottom-blowing nitrogen is used for simulating bottom-blowing argon of the electric arc furnace.
The embodiment also provides a method for simulating and measuring the temperature of the melt in the molten pool by using the electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation system, which comprises the following steps:
adding 80L of calcium chloride aqueous solution and 10L of edible oil into a simulated molten pool 1, standing and layering the calcium chloride aqueous solution and the edible oil, and respectively placing thermocouples at positions 0mm, 80mm, 160mm and 240mm away from an oil-water interface, wherein the thermocouples are connected with a paperless recorder 8;
after the reading of the paperless recorder 8 is stable, starting the steam generator 6, opening a high-temperature steam valve, blowing high-temperature steam into the simulated molten pool 1 through the top-blowing gas nozzle 2 and the side-blowing gas nozzle 3, wherein the temperature of the high-temperature steam is 150 ℃, and the flow rate is 5 kg/h; meanwhile, a valve of the gas storage device 7 is opened, nitrogen is blown into the bottom of the simulated molten pool 1 through the bottom blowing gas nozzle 4, and the flow rate of the nitrogen is 169L/h; recording the blowing time of high-temperature water vapor and nitrogen;
the data of the paperless recorder 8 were derived to obtain the temperature change relationship of each thermocouple with time, and the result is shown in fig. 3.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present application provides an electric arc furnace steelmaking bath simulation apparatus including a simulated bath 1 having a receiving space, a top-blowing gas nozzle 2 for supplying steam to a top of the simulated bath 1, a side-blowing gas nozzle 3 for supplying steam to a side of the simulated bath 1, a bottom-blowing gas nozzle 4 for supplying gas to a bottom of the simulated bath 1, and a temperature measuring element 5 for measuring a temperature of a fluid received in the receiving space. The simulation molten pool 1 is made of organic glass; the top-blown gas nozzle 2 and the side-blown gas nozzle 3 are both communicated with a water vapor generator 6, the bottom-blown gas nozzle 4 is communicated with a gas storage device 7, and argon gas is stored in the gas storage device 7. The temperature measuring element 5 comprises 4 thermocouples, and the 4 thermocouples are all connected with the paperless recorder 8.
2 top-blown gas nozzles 2, 2 side-blown gas nozzles 3 and 2 bottom-blown gas nozzles 4 are arranged; the cross section of the lower part of the simulated molten pool 1 (the part which is less than half of the depth of the simulated molten pool 1) is circular, the connecting lines of the centers of a plurality of cross sections form a central line a, and the top-blown gas nozzles 2 are uniformly distributed around the central line a.
The two top-blown gas nozzles 2 are symmetrically arranged around the central line a along the diameter direction of the cross section (namely the connecting line b of the two top-blown gas nozzles 2 is superposed with the diameter of the cross section), and the connecting line of the two side-blown gas nozzles 3 is vertical to the connecting line of the two top-blown gas nozzles 2; the ratio of the distance from the bottom-blowing gas nozzle 4 to the center line a to the radius of the cross section was 0.4: 1.
the angle between the projections of the two bottom-blowing gas nozzles 4 onto the perpendicular to the center line a onto the same cross section is 120.
The electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation device that this embodiment provided, the simulation prototype is 65t eccentric stove bottom tapping electric arc furnace, according to the prototype: the simulated molten pool size ratio is 4: 1, preparation.
The embodiment also provides an electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation system, which comprises the electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation device, and the calcium chloride aqueous solution 10 and the grease 11 which are contained in the simulation molten pool 1. The calcium chloride aqueous solution 10 accounts for 20.9 percent by mass, and the oil 11 is edible oil.
The embodiment also provides a method for simulating and measuring the temperature of the melt in the molten pool by using the electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation system, which comprises the following steps:
adding 100L of calcium chloride aqueous solution and 15L of edible oil into a simulated molten pool 1, standing and layering the calcium chloride aqueous solution and the edible oil, and respectively placing thermocouples at positions 0mm, 80mm, 160mm and 240mm away from an oil-water interface, wherein the thermocouples are connected with a paperless recorder 8;
after the reading of the paperless recorder 8 is stable, starting the steam generator 6, opening a high-temperature steam valve, blowing high-temperature steam into the simulated molten pool 1 through the top-blowing gas nozzle 2 and the side-blowing gas nozzle 3, wherein the temperature of the high-temperature steam is 158 ℃, and the flow rate is 10 kg/h; meanwhile, a valve of the gas storage device 7 is opened, argon is blown into the bottom of the simulated molten pool 1 through the bottom blowing gas nozzle 4, and the flow rate of the argon is 169L/h; recording the blowing time of high-temperature water vapor and nitrogen;
the data of the paperless recorder 8 were derived to obtain the temperature change relationship of each thermocouple with time, and the result is shown in fig. 4.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present application provides an electric arc furnace steelmaking bath simulation apparatus including a simulated bath 1 having a receiving space, a top-blowing gas nozzle 2 for supplying steam to a top of the simulated bath 1, a side-blowing gas nozzle 3 for supplying steam to a side of the simulated bath 1, a bottom-blowing gas nozzle 4 for supplying gas to a bottom of the simulated bath 1, and a temperature measuring element 5 for measuring a temperature of a fluid received in the receiving space. The simulation molten pool 1 is made of organic glass; the top-blown gas nozzle 2 and the side-blown gas nozzle 3 are both communicated with a water vapor generator 6, the bottom-blown gas nozzle 4 is communicated with a gas storage device 7, and argon gas is stored in the gas storage device 7. The temperature measuring element 5 comprises 4 thermocouples, and the 4 thermocouples are all connected with the paperless recorder 8.
2 top-blown gas nozzles 2, 2 side-blown gas nozzles 3 and 2 bottom-blown gas nozzles 4 are arranged; the cross section of the lower part of the simulated molten pool 1 is circular, the connecting line of the circle centers of a plurality of cross sections forms a central line a, the two top-blown gas nozzles 2 are symmetrically arranged around the central line a along the diameter direction of the cross section (namely the connecting line b of the two top-blown gas nozzles 2 is superposed with the diameter of the cross section), and the connecting line of the two side-blown gas nozzles 3 is vertical to the connecting line of the two top-blown gas nozzles 2; the ratio of the distance from the bottom-blowing gas nozzle 4 to the center line a to the radius of the cross section where the bottom-blowing gas nozzle 4 is located is 0.4: 1, the angle between the projections of the two bottom-blowing gas nozzles 4 onto the perpendicular to the center line a on the same cross section is 120 °. The electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation device that this embodiment provided, the simulation prototype is 65t eccentric stove bottom tapping electric arc furnace, according to the prototype: the simulated molten pool size ratio is 4: 1, preparation.
The embodiment also provides an electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation system, which comprises the electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation device, and the calcium chloride aqueous solution and the grease which are contained in the simulation molten pool 1. The mass fraction of the calcium chloride aqueous solution is 18.5%, and the oil is edible oil.
The embodiment also provides a method for simulating and measuring the temperature of the melt in the molten pool by using the electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation system, which comprises the following steps:
adding 90L of calcium chloride aqueous solution and 12L of edible oil into a simulated molten pool 1, standing and layering the calcium chloride aqueous solution and the edible oil, and respectively placing thermocouples at positions 0mm, 80mm, 160mm and 240mm away from an oil-water interface, wherein the thermocouples are connected with a paperless recorder 8;
after the reading of the paperless recorder 8 is stable, starting the steam generator 6, opening a high-temperature steam valve, blowing high-temperature steam into the simulated molten pool 1 through the top-blowing gas nozzle 2 and the side-blowing gas nozzle 3, wherein the temperature of the high-temperature steam is 155 ℃, and the flow rate is 15 kg/h; meanwhile, a valve of the gas storage device 7 is opened, argon is blown into the bottom of the simulated molten pool 1 through the bottom blowing gas nozzle 4, and the flow rate of the argon is 169L/h; recording the blowing time of high-temperature water vapor and nitrogen;
the data of the paperless recorder 8 were derived to obtain the temperature change relationship of each thermocouple with time, and the result is shown in fig. 5.
Comparative example 1
Unlike example 1, no bottom blowing of nitrogen gas was performed. The temperature of each thermocouple was obtained as a function of time, and the results are shown in FIG. 6.
Comparative example 2
Unlike example 2, no bottom blowing of nitrogen gas was performed. The temperature of each thermocouple was obtained as a function of time, and the results are shown in FIG. 7.
Comparative example 3
Unlike example 3, no bottom blowing of nitrogen gas was performed. The temperature of each thermocouple was obtained as a function of time, and the results are shown in FIG. 8.
As can be seen from FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, when the simulated molten bath 1 is not bottom-blown, i.e., the bottom-blown gas flow rate is 0L/h, the simulated molten bath 1 has a large difference in temperature among the parts of the simulated molten bath 1, particularly, the temperature of the oil layer is significantly higher than that of CaCl, for simulated molten baths 1 having high-temperature steam flow rates of 5, 10 and 15kg/h, respectively2The temperature of the aqueous solution; and the greater the distance from the reservoir interface, the more CaCl2The lower the temperature of the aqueous solution; the temperature distribution of the molten pool varies greatly throughout the process. As shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, when the bottom-blowing gas flow rate of the simulated molten bath 1 is 169L/h, the temperature difference among the portions of the simulated molten bath 1 is remarkably reduced and the temperature difference among the portions of the simulated molten bath 1 becomes smaller as the blowing time is longer, for the simulated molten bath 1 having the high-temperature steam flow rates of 5, 10 and 15kg/h, respectively. The electric arc furnace bottom blowing gas is beneficial to enhancing the movement of the melt in the molten pool and improving the heat transfer rate of the melt, thereby being beneficial to the uniform mixing of the melt temperature in the molten pool. On the other hand, as can be seen from fig. 3, 4 and 5, increasing the flow rate of the high-temperature steam helps to reduce the temperature difference of the melt at each part of the simulated molten pool 1 and enhance the heat mixing of the melt in the molten pool. Description of the inventionIn the process of steelmaking by an electric arc furnace, the input of energy such as furnace door oxygen supply and furnace wall oxygen supply is enhanced, which is beneficial to increasing the heat transfer rate of the melt in the molten pool, thereby being beneficial to the uniform mixing of the melt temperature.
To further verify the above results, the temperature distribution of the thermocouple after 3min of blowing was carried out at relatively high water vapor flow rates of 5, 10 and 15kg/h, respectively, and at bottom-blown nitrogen flow rates of 0 and 169L/h, respectively, and the results are shown in FIG. 9. As can be seen from FIG. 9, in the case of the simulated molten bath 1 without bottom blowing, the temperature of the melt in the simulated molten bath 1 greatly differs; after 3min of nitrogen blowing, the temperature difference of the melt at each part of the simulated molten pool 1 is very small, and the temperature of the melt is almost uniformly mixed. Fig. 9 further confirms the above conclusion.
Comparative example 4
Unlike example 2, the aqueous calcium chloride solution was replaced with water without bottom-blowing nitrogen. The temperature of each thermocouple was obtained as a function of time, and the results are shown in FIG. 10.
Comparative example 5
In contrast to example 2, the aqueous calcium chloride solution was replaced by water (bottom-blowing flow rate was also 169L/h). The temperature of each thermocouple was obtained as a function of time, and the results are shown in FIG. 11.
As can be seen from comparison of fig. 4, 10 and 11, when water is used to simulate molten steel, the temperature values measured by the thermocouples at 300s have a large difference, and the water simulation effect is inferior to that of calcium chloride aqueous solution simulating molten steel.
Comparative example 6
Unlike example 2, the calcium chloride aqueous solution was replaced with a sodium chloride aqueous solution, and bottom-blowing of nitrogen gas was not performed. The temperature of each thermocouple was obtained as a function of time, and the results are shown in FIG. 12.
Comparative example 7
In contrast to example 2, the aqueous calcium chloride solution was replaced by aqueous sodium chloride solution (the bottom-blowing flow rate was also 169L/h). The temperature of each thermocouple was obtained as a function of time, and the results are shown in FIG. 13.
As can be seen from comparison of fig. 4, 12 and 13, the sodium chloride aqueous solution was used to simulate the molten steel, and the difference in temperature values measured by the thermocouples was large at 300s, and the sodium chloride aqueous solution had a lower simulation effect than the calcium chloride aqueous solution.
As can be seen from the analysis of comparative examples 4 and 6, when the NaCl aqueous solution or water simulates molten steel, CaCl is contained in the density ratio of the NaCl aqueous solution to the water2The density of the aqueous solution is small and is close to that of the edible oil, so that the NaCl aqueous solution or the mixture of the water and the edible oil is easily caused in the simulation process, the experimental result is not ideal, and the experimental effect is worst particularly when the molten steel is simulated by adopting the water. At the same concentration, CaCl2The density of the water solution is maximum, the NaCl water solution is next to that of the water solution, and the density of the water is minimum; thus using CaCl2The aqueous solution and the oil can play a better role in standing and layering. At the same concentration, CaCl2The boiling point of the water solution is highest, the boiling point of the NaCl water solution is next lowest, and the boiling point of the water is lowest; therefore, CaCl is adopted in the process of simulating high-temperature steam input2The aqueous solution is not easily vaporized.
The application is based on CaCl2The aqueous solution has the characteristics of high density and good standing and layering effect with grease, and CaCl is adopted2Simulating molten steel by using an aqueous solution, and simulating a slag layer by using grease; blowing high-temperature steam into the top and the side wall of the molten pool by using an electric heating high-temperature water steam generator so as to simulate reaction heat generated by oxygen supply of an electric arc furnace door and oxygen supply of a furnace wall; bottom-blown nitrogen simulated argon. Thermocouples are arranged at different positions away from the interface of an oil layer, the temperature of the thermocouples is recorded in real time by a paperless recorder, and the distribution condition of the heat of the molten pool is mastered by processing and analyzing temperature data. The simulation device, the simulation system and the method can obtain the heat transfer law of the melt in the actual electric arc furnace molten pool, are beneficial to optimizing the electric arc furnace steelmaking composite blowing smelting process, and have important guiding significance for electric arc furnace steelmaking production.
The simulation device provided by the application is simple and convenient to operate, is convenient for adjust various experimental parameters, and is safe in experimental process and low in cost. The method can effectively solve the problems that the temperature of the molten steel in the steelmaking molten pool of the electric arc furnace is high, the conditions are complex, and the temperature conditions of the molten steel at different positions of the molten pool are difficult to effectively obtain by the existing means.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments herein include some features included in other embodiments, rather than other features, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims above, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination. The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Claims (20)
1. The electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation system is characterized by comprising an electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation device and fluid, wherein the fluid comprises grease and an aqueous solution which is immiscible with the grease, and the aqueous solution comprises a calcium chloride aqueous solution; the electric arc furnace steelmaking molten pool simulation device comprises a simulated molten pool with an accommodating space, a top-blown gas nozzle for inputting water vapor to the top of the simulated molten pool, a side-blown gas nozzle for inputting water vapor to the side of the simulated molten pool, a bottom-blown gas nozzle for inputting gas to the bottom of the simulated molten pool and a temperature measuring element for measuring the temperature of fluid accommodated in the accommodating space;
the fluid is contained in the containing space.
2. The electric arc furnace steelmaking bath simulation system of claim 1, wherein a plurality of the top-blown gas nozzles, the side-blown gas nozzles and the bottom-blown gas nozzles are provided.
3. The electric arc furnace steelmaking bath simulation system of claim 2, wherein a cross-section of a lower portion of the simulated bath is circular, a line connecting centers of a plurality of the cross-sections forms a centerline, and a plurality of the top-blown gas nozzles are evenly distributed around the centerline.
4. The electric arc furnace steelmaking bath simulation system of claim 3, wherein there are two top-blowing gas nozzles, two side-blowing gas nozzles and two bottom-blowing gas nozzles.
5. The electric arc furnace steelmaking bath simulation system of claim 4, two of the top-blown gas nozzles being symmetrically disposed about the centerline in a diametrical direction of the cross-section.
6. The electric arc furnace steelmaking bath simulation system of claim 4, wherein the line connecting the two side-blowing gas nozzles is perpendicular to the line connecting the two top-blowing gas nozzles.
7. The electric arc furnace steelmaking bath simulation system of claim 4, a ratio of a distance of the bottom-blowing gas nozzle from the centerline to a radius of the cross-section being (0.3-0.5): 1.
8. the electric arc furnace steelmaking bath simulation system of claim 4, wherein the angle between the projections of the perpendicular lines to the centerline of the two bottom-blowing gas nozzles at the same cross-section is between 110 ° and 130 °.
9. The electric arc furnace steelmaking bath simulation system of claim 1, wherein the temperature sensing element is connected to a recorder.
10. The electric arc furnace steelmaking bath simulation system of claim 1, the temperature sensing element comprising a thermocouple.
11. The electric arc furnace steelmaking bath simulation system of claim 1, wherein a plurality of temperature measuring elements are provided, and the plurality of temperature measuring elements are uniformly distributed along the depth direction of the accommodating space.
12. The electric arc furnace steelmaking bath simulation system of claim 1, wherein the top-blown gas nozzle and the side-blown gas nozzle are both in communication with a water vapor generator, and the bottom-blown gas nozzle is in communication with a gas storage device.
13. The electric arc furnace steelmaking bath simulation system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the material of the simulated bath comprises plexiglass.
14. The simulation system of claim 1, wherein the aqueous calcium chloride solution has a mass fraction of 14.7% to 20.9%.
15. The electric arc furnace steelmaking bath simulation system of claim 1, the grease comprising edible oil.
16. The electric arc furnace steelmaking bath simulation system of claim 1, at least one of said temperature sensing elements being disposed at an interface of said aqueous calcium chloride solution and said grease.
17. A method for simulating measurement of melt temperature in a molten bath using the electric arc furnace steelmaking molten bath simulation system of claim 1, comprising:
adding the fluid into the simulated molten pool, standing and layering, inputting water vapor into the aqueous solution through the top blowing gas nozzle and the side blowing gas nozzle, and inputting gas into the aqueous solution through the bottom blowing gas nozzle;
and recording the temperature value measured by the temperature measuring element to obtain the relation of the temperature changing along with the time.
18. The method as claimed in claim 17, wherein the water vapor has a temperature of 150 ℃ and 158 ℃ and a flow rate of 5-15 kg/h.
19. The method of claim 17, the gas comprising nitrogen and/or argon.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the flow rate of the gas is less than or equal to 212L/h.
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