CN112034611B - Method for quickly focusing by using secondary mirror deformable mirror - Google Patents

Method for quickly focusing by using secondary mirror deformable mirror Download PDF

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CN112034611B
CN112034611B CN202011005517.1A CN202011005517A CN112034611B CN 112034611 B CN112034611 B CN 112034611B CN 202011005517 A CN202011005517 A CN 202011005517A CN 112034611 B CN112034611 B CN 112034611B
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mirror
secondary mirror
deformable
driver
deformed
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CN112034611A (en
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武春风
王勋
董理治
吴丰阳
戴勋义
马社
邓键
陈善球
朱彦
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CASIC Microelectronic System Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
    • G02B23/02—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices involving prisms or mirrors
    • G02B23/06—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices involving prisms or mirrors having a focussing action, e.g. parabolic mirror
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
    • G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
    • G02B7/185—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors with means for adjusting the shape of the mirror surface

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for quickly focusing by using a secondary mirror deformable mirror, which comprises the following steps of 1, measuring an influence function of the deformable secondary mirror; step 2, acquiring the distance between the target and the laser transmitting telescope system; step 3, solving the focal length and the curvature radius of the deformed secondary mirror; step 4, resolving the voltage of each driver of the deformed secondary mirror; step 5, sending voltage to each driver to enable the equivalent focal length of the deformed secondary mirror to reach a design value, and finally realizing rapid focusing and the like; the invention can realize the focusing purpose by simply changing the secondary mirror surface type, does not need to move optical components, and can effectively improve the structural stability, the focusing rapidity and the like of the transmitting telescope.

Description

Method for quickly focusing by using secondary mirror deformable mirror
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser, in particular to a method for quickly focusing by using a secondary mirror deformable mirror.
Background
In a laser transmitting telescope system, the equivalent focal length is usually equal to the distance L between the target and the system. When the target distance L changes, the equivalent focal length of the transmitting telescope also needs to be adjusted accordingly. In a conventional laser transmitting telescope system, the purpose of adjusting the equivalent focal length of the system is generally achieved by changing the distance d between the primary mirror and the secondary mirror. The adjusting mode has slow response speed and higher requirement on the motion control precision.
In the prior art, chinese patent application with publication number CN110579874A discloses a compact adaptive laser defense system, and although a deformable mirror is also applied to a laser transmitting telescope system, the system still realizes focusing by adjusting the interval between a primary mirror and a secondary mirror, and still has the problems of slow response speed, high requirement on motion control precision, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a method for quickly focusing by using a secondary mirror deformable mirror, realizes the quick focusing of a laser transmitting telescope system on a moving target, and improves the focusing real-time property, the focusing reliability and the like.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following scheme:
a method for performing fast focusing by using a secondary mirror deformable mirror comprises the following steps:
step 1, measuring an influence function of a deformed secondary mirror;
step 2, acquiring the distance between the target and the laser transmitting telescope system;
step 3, solving the focal length and the curvature radius of the deformed secondary mirror;
step 4, resolving the voltage of each driver of the deformed secondary mirror;
and 5, sending voltage to each driver to enable the equivalent focal length of the deformed secondary mirror to reach a design value, and finally realizing rapid focusing.
Further, in step 1, standard parallel light is incident from the primary mirror and exits from the secondary deformable mirror, and then enters the wavefront sensor, a unit control voltage V is applied to one driver of the secondary deformable mirror every time, and the measured surface variation is the influence function V of the driver on the secondary deformable mirror.
Further, in step 3, the curvature radius R of the deformed secondary mirror is calculated according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002695708680000021
corresponding surface type
Figure BDA0002695708680000022
Figure BDA0002695708680000023
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002695708680000024
l is the distance between the target and the laser transmitting telescope system, f'2Is the focal length of the primary mirror, d is the primary-secondary mirror spacing, and x, y are the point coordinates on the corresponding secondary mirror profile.
Further, when the driving voltage v of the jth driver is higher than the voltage v of the jth driverjSurface pattern generated by transmitting to deformed secondary mirror
Figure BDA0002695708680000025
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002695708680000026
by the above equation, the drive voltage of each driver can be solved:
Figure BDA0002695708680000031
wherein n is the number of drivers of the deformed secondary mirror, Vj(x, y) represents the profile influence function of the jth driver,
Figure BDA0002695708680000032
representing a secondary mirror pattern, V+Representing the generalized inverse of the distorting specular influence function, vThe form bit controls the voltage.
Further, in step 2, a laser range finder is used to obtain the distance L between the target and the laser transmitting telescope system.
Further, in step 2, a distance L between the target and the laser transmitting telescope system is acquired by using a radar or an ultrasonic device.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention realizes the rapid focusing of the laser transmitting telescope system on the moving target, and improves the focusing real-time property, reliability and the like; the position of the secondary deformable mirror is fixed, and the curvature radius and the focal length of the secondary deformable mirror are changed by changing the surface type of the secondary deformable mirror, so that the aim of quickly focusing a laser transmitting telescope system on targets with different distances is fulfilled; the invention realizes the real-time adjustment of the equivalent focal length of the transmitting telescope system by taking the deformed secondary mirror as the secondary mirror of the reflective laser transmitting telescope system and changing the curvature radius through the deformation of the secondary mirror, can avoid using a moving optical component, can effectively improve the response speed, effectively improve the stability of the structure and the rapidity of focusing, and provides a possibility for further realizing the compactness and the light weight of laser equipment.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a fast focusing apparatus of a laser emission telescopic system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of imaging of a group of thin lens combinations;
fig. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional coordinate diagram.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in the specification for all of the embodiments (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or all of the steps of a method or process so disclosed, may be combined and/or expanded, or substituted, in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a method for performing fast focusing by using a secondary mirror deformable mirror includes:
step 1, measuring an influence function of a deformed secondary mirror;
step 2, acquiring the distance between the target and the laser transmitting telescope system;
step 3, solving the focal length and the curvature radius of the deformed secondary mirror;
step 4, resolving the voltage of each driver of the deformed secondary mirror;
and 5, sending voltage to each driver to enable the equivalent focal length of the deformed secondary mirror to reach a design value, and finally realizing rapid focusing.
Further, in step 1, standard parallel light is incident from the primary mirror and exits from the secondary deformable mirror, and then enters the wavefront sensor, a unit control voltage V is applied to one driver of the secondary deformable mirror every time, and the measured surface variation is the influence function V of the driver on the secondary deformable mirror.
Further, in step 3, the curvature radius R of the deformed secondary mirror is calculated according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002695708680000041
corresponding surface type
Figure BDA0002695708680000042
Figure BDA0002695708680000043
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002695708680000051
l is the distance between the target and the laser transmitting telescope system, f'2Is the focal length of the primary mirror, d is the primary-secondary mirror spacing, and x, y are the point coordinates on the corresponding secondary mirror profile. .
Further, when the driving voltage v of the jth driver is higher than the voltage v of the jth driverjSurface pattern generated by transmitting to deformed secondary mirror
Figure BDA0002695708680000052
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002695708680000053
by the above equation, the drive voltage of each driver can be solved:
Figure BDA0002695708680000054
wherein n is the number of drivers of the deformed secondary mirror, Vj(x, y) represents the profile influence function of the jth driver,
Figure BDA0002695708680000055
representing a secondary mirror pattern, V+Represents the generalized inverse of the anamorphic mirror type influence function, and v represents the unit control voltage.
Further, in step 2, a laser range finder is used to obtain the distance L between the target and the laser transmitting telescope system.
Further, in step 2, a distance L between the target and the laser transmitting telescope system is acquired by using a radar or an ultrasonic device.
In the embodiment of the invention, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a device for rapidly focusing a laser emission telescopic system by using a deformed secondary mirror, and fig. 2 comprises a primary mirror and the deformed secondary mirror in the emission system, a laser range finder, an industrial personal computer and a high-voltage amplifier. The method of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, first measures the impact function V of the deformed secondary mirror; then acquiring the target and laser emissionThe distance L between the telescopic systems; input distance data L and system parameters of the transmitting telescope (e.g. primary focal length f)2', primary and secondary mirror interval d), solving the focal length and curvature radius R of the deformed secondary mirror; the industrial personal computer fits the deformed secondary mirror surface type according to the curvature radius R and the deformed secondary mirror caliber
Figure BDA0002695708680000066
The industrial personal computer calculates the control voltage v of each driver of the deformed secondary mirrori(ii) a The industrial personal computer controls the high-voltage amplifier to send voltage to each driver, so that the equivalent focal length of the deformed secondary mirror reaches a design value.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an imaging of a thin lens assembly, in a laser transmitting telescope system, where the distance L between the target and the transmitting system is equal to s', and the lens L is1And L2Respectively, are f1' and f2' the separation between them is d, the separation of the object from the first lens is-s, and the combination of such thin lenses satisfies the formula:
Figure BDA0002695708680000061
when s → ∞ is reached
Figure BDA0002695708680000062
The relationship between the radius of curvature (R) of the deformed secondary mirror and the focal length of the deformed secondary mirror is:
Figure BDA0002695708680000063
after transformation, the relation between the curvature radius of the deformed secondary mirror and the distance L is obtained
Figure BDA0002695708680000064
Deformed secondary mirror surface type
Figure BDA0002695708680000067
And calculating and fitting according to the curvature radius R and the aperture of the secondary mirror. According to the three-dimensional coordinate system, surface equation in FIG. 4
Figure BDA0002695708680000068
It should satisfy:
Figure BDA0002695708680000065
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002695708680000071
e2is a conic constant, e20 denotes a circle, 0<e2<1 denotes an ellipse, e21 denotes a parabola e2>1 denotes a hyperbola, e2<0 represents an oblate spheroid.
The optical influence function of a deformable mirror drive is generally approximated in the form of a gaussian or super-gaussian function:
Figure BDA0002695708680000072
wherein (x)i,yi) The position of the ith driver, d the driver spacing, a the index of the Gaussian function, and ω the driver cross-connect value.
Each actuator of the deformed secondary mirror is applied with an operating voltage vjThen, the face shape is changed to
Figure BDA0002695708680000073
Wherein V is the control voltage of the jth driver, V is the influence function of the driver on the beam wavefront after applying the unit control voltage, and n is the number of drivers of the deformable mirror.
The deformed secondary mirror is caused to generate a surface shape with a corresponding curvature radius R: according to the structure and material characteristics of the deformed secondary mirror, the surface shape of the deformed mirror
Figure BDA0002695708680000078
Where V is the influence function provided by the deformable mirror manufacturer and V is the control voltage vector. If it is
Figure BDA0002695708680000079
And v is known that, in the least-squares sense,
Figure BDA0002695708680000074
wherein + represents the generalized inverse. Generating
Figure BDA0002695708680000075
Required voltage
Figure BDA0002695708680000076
It should be ensured that the spatial resolution of the deformable mirror is sufficient for the generation
Figure BDA0002695708680000077
The requirements of (1).
In other embodiments of the invention, the repetition frequency of the laser range finder is 10Hz, the precision is 1m, and the distance from the target to the transmitting system is measured to be 5 km. The focal length of the primary mirror is 2100mm, the interval between the primary mirror and the secondary mirror is 1800mm, and the focal length of the secondary mirror is-300 mm at first. Resolving to obtain a secondary mirror with the focal length of-300.88 mm and the curvature radius R of-601.76 mm; when the distance from the target to the transmitting system is measured to be 8km, the focal length of the secondary mirror is-300.55 mm, and the curvature radius R is-601.10 mm. The secondary mirror is parabolic, then e2Is of-1, deformed secondary mirror surface type
Figure BDA0002695708680000081
Satisfies the equation:
Figure BDA0002695708680000082
wherein
Figure BDA0002695708680000083
The value of C is-0.0016618 when the distance from the target to the transmitting system is 5 km; the distance of 8km becomes-0.0016636.
And if the measured deformation secondary mirror surface type influence function is V, the driving voltage V required by each driver of the deformation secondary mirror is as follows:
Figure BDA0002695708680000084
the target distance in the above embodiment is changed from 8km to 5km, the change of the curvature radius of the deformed secondary mirror is only 0.66mm, the change is small, and the curvature radius of the deformed secondary mirror in the embodiment should be a fixed value of-600 mm.
The functionality of the present invention, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media capable of storing program codes, such as a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-only memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk. Other embodiments than the above examples may be devised by those skilled in the art based on the foregoing disclosure, or by adapting and using knowledge or techniques of the relevant art, and features of various embodiments may be interchanged or substituted and such modifications and variations that may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (6)

1. A method for performing fast focusing by using a secondary mirror deformable mirror is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, obtaining an influence function of a deformed secondary mirror by measuring the surface type variable quantity;
step 2, acquiring the distance between the target and the laser transmitting telescope system based on the surface type variable quantity in the step 1;
step 3, inputting the distance obtained in the step 2, and solving the focal length and the curvature radius of the deformed secondary mirror;
step 4, resolving the voltage of each driver of the deformed secondary mirror;
and 5, sending voltage to each driver to enable the equivalent focal length of the deformed secondary mirror to reach a design value, and finally realizing rapid focusing.
2. The method for fast focusing by using a secondary mirror deformable mirror as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, standard parallel light is used to enter from the primary mirror, exit from the deformable secondary mirror, and then enter into the wavefront sensor, a unit control voltage V is applied to one driver of the deformable secondary mirror each time, and the measured surface shape variation is the influence function V of the driver of the deformable secondary mirror; by changing the deformed secondary mirror shape, the curvature radius and the focal length are changed.
3. The method for fast focusing with a secondary deformable mirror as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3, the radius of curvature R of the deformable secondary mirror is calculated according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0003490484240000011
corresponding surface type
Figure FDA0003490484240000012
Figure FDA0003490484240000013
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003490484240000014
l is the distance between the target and the laser transmitting telescope system, f'2Is the focal length of the primary mirror, d is the primary-secondary mirror spacing, and x, y are the point coordinates on the corresponding secondary mirror profile.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the driving voltage v is applied to the jth driverjSurface pattern generated by transmitting to deformed secondary mirror
Figure FDA0003490484240000021
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003490484240000022
by the above equation, the drive voltage of each driver can be solved:
Figure FDA0003490484240000023
wherein n is the number of drivers of the deformed secondary mirror, Vj(x, y) represents the profile influence function of the jth driver,
Figure FDA0003490484240000024
representing a secondary mirror pattern, V+Represents the generalized inverse of the anamorphic mirror type influence function, and v represents the unit control voltage.
5. The method for fast focusing by using a secondary deformable mirror as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2, a laser rangefinder is used to obtain the distance L between the target and the laser transmitting telescope system.
6. The method for fast focusing with the secondary deformable mirror as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2, the distance L between the target and the laser transmitting telescope system is obtained by using radar or ultrasonic device.
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CN112596229A (en) * 2020-12-16 2021-04-02 航天科工微电子系统研究院有限公司 Large-caliber off-axis transmitting telescope optical system for directional transmitting equipment
CN113092076B (en) * 2021-04-23 2022-10-14 航天科工微电子系统研究院有限公司 Method and light path for detecting field focal length of large-diameter zoom reflection telescope
CN115113361B (en) * 2022-06-24 2023-09-01 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 Large focal depth space camera and imaging method thereof

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