CN112034138B - 土壤物理性质综合性状参数的计算方法与分级方法 - Google Patents

土壤物理性质综合性状参数的计算方法与分级方法 Download PDF

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CN112034138B
CN112034138B CN202010862249.9A CN202010862249A CN112034138B CN 112034138 B CN112034138 B CN 112034138B CN 202010862249 A CN202010862249 A CN 202010862249A CN 112034138 B CN112034138 B CN 112034138B
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迟春明
周燕
卜东升
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Abstract

土壤物理性质综合性状参数的计算方法与分级方法,它涉及一种土壤物理质量计算方法与分级方法,属于土壤学技术领域。本发明是为了解决表示土壤物理性质优劣的传统参数无法全面反映土壤物理性质的综合性状以及土壤物理性质对作物生长的影响的技术问题。计算方法:

Description

土壤物理性质综合性状参数的计算方法与分级方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种土壤物理质量计算方法与分级方法,属于土壤学技术领域。
背景技术
表示土壤物理性质优劣的传统参数主要包括容重、孔隙性质(结构性)、水分有效性、黏粒含量(质地)等指标。但这些指标仅能反映土壤某一方面的物理性质,无法全面反映土壤物理性质的综合性状以及土壤物理性质对作物生长的影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决表示土壤物理性质优劣的传统参数无法全面反映土壤物理性质的综合性状以及土壤物理性质对作物生长的影响的技术问题,提供了一种土壤物理性质综合性状参数的计算方法与分级方法。
土壤物理性质综合性状参数的计算方法如下:
Figure BDA0002648536520000011
式中,θ为土壤体积含水量,单位为cm3 cm-3,θs为土壤饱和含水量,单位为cm3 cm-3,SPQ为土壤物理质量参数,h为θ对应的土壤水吸力,单位为kPa。
土壤物理性质综合性状参数的分级方法如下:
根据公式(1)的计算结果,其中SPQ≥0.10,土壤物理性质综合性状为优秀;0.10>SPQ≥0.055,土壤物理性质综合性状为良好;0.055>SPQ≥0.03,土壤物理性质综合性状为差;0.03>SPQ,土壤物理性质综合性状为极差。
本发明方法能够全面反映土壤物理性质的综合性状以及土壤物理性质对作物生长的影响,并能够对土壤的理性质综合性状进行分级。
具体实施方式
本发明技术方案不局限于以下所列举具体实施方式,还包括各具体实施方式间的任意组合。
具体实施方式一:本实施方式中土壤物理性质综合性状参数的计算方法如下:
Figure BDA0002648536520000012
式中,θ为土壤体积含水量,单位为cm3 cm-3,θs为土壤饱和含水量,单位为cm3 cm-3,SPQ为土壤物理质量参数,h为θ对应的土壤水吸力,单位为kPa。
理论分析:
SPQ与容重、孔隙性质(结构性)、水分有效性、黏粒含量的相关性如下:
①容重(Db)与θs的关系式为:
θs=(1-Db/2.65) (2)
土壤吸湿系数(wh,g g-1)为土壤水分常数之一,某一土壤的wh为固定值,其对应的水吸力值为3100kPa,wh对应的体积含水量为θh,其计算公式为:
θh=wh×Db (3)
将(2)、(3)带入(1)得容重(Db)与SPQ的关系式:
Figure BDA0002648536520000021
由方程(4)可知,Db随SPQ的增加而降低,即SPQ越高Db越小,而Db越小说明土壤物理性质越好,即SPQ增加土壤物理性质变动越好。因此,SPQ反映土壤容重状况是正确的、可行的。
②SPQ与土壤孔隙性质(结构性)的关系:
当量孔径直径(d,mm)与水吸力关系公式为:
d=0.3/h (5)
在已知土壤水分特征曲线的情况下,h1和h2对应的θ差值为:
θ12=SPQ×(log10 h2-log10 h1) (6)
联合方程(5)和方程(6)可知△θ=θ12即为当量孔径d1(0.3/h1)至d2(0.3/h2)的孔隙数量,因此,SPQ可以反映孔隙性质。
③SPQ与水分有效性关系:
田间持水量至萎蔫系数的土壤水分区间被称为土壤有效水区间,即能够被植物吸收的水分,田间持水量为土壤有效水分的上限,其水吸力值取h=10kPa,萎蔫系数为土壤有效水分的下限,其水吸力值取1500kPa,则土壤有效水分最大区间(AWLm)为:
AWLm=SPQ×(log10 1500-log10 10)≈2.2SPQ (7)
田间持水量至土壤毛管断裂含水量的土壤水分区间被称为土壤速效水,即能够被植物快速吸收的水分,土壤毛管断裂含水量对应的水吸力取h≈65kPa,则土壤速效水分区间的最大值(EAWLm)为:
EAWLm=SPQ×(log10 65-log10 10)≈0.8SPQ (8)
因此,SPQ能够反映土壤水分有效性,SPQ越高,土壤有效水分和速效水数量越高。
④SPQ与黏粒含量(质地)的关系:
土壤物理性黏粒(dpc)是指直径<0.01mm的土壤颗粒,其含量与吸湿系数间存在显著线性关系,即:
wh=a+b×dpc (9)
式中,a、b均为正数。
联合方程(1)、(3)、(9),并取wh对应的水吸力h=3100kPa,得:
Figure BDA0002648536520000031
方程(10)说明,在容重一定的情况下,SPQ随物理性黏粒(dpc)的增加而降低,而物理性黏粒(dpc)的增加说明土壤质地逐渐变得黏重,土壤物理性质变差,即SPQ降低土壤物理性质变差。因此,SPQ能够反映土壤黏粒(质地)状况。方程(1)的另外一种表示形式为:
θ=θs-SPQ×log10(h) (11)
式中,θ为土壤体积含水量(cm3 cm-3),θs为土壤饱和含水量(cm3 cm-3),SPQ为土壤物理质量参数,h为土壤水吸力(kPa)。根据方程(1)、(11)或相关的推演形式计算SPQ。使用10kPa、100kPa水吸力值及其对应的土壤含水量θ10、θ100及θs共有3种方法计算SPQ。
Figure BDA0002648536520000032
SPQ=θs10
SPQ=θ10100
具体实施方式二:所述土壤物理性质综合性状参数的分级方法如下:
根据具体实施方式一的计算结果,其中SPQ≥0.10,土壤物理性质综合性状为优秀;0.10>SPQ≥0.055,土壤物理性质综合性状为良好;0.055>SPQ≥0.03,土壤物理性质综合性状为差;0.03>SPQ,土壤物理性质综合性状为极差。
采用下述实验验证本发明效果:
实验一:
苏打盐渍土土壤物理性质综合性状参数的计算方法与分级方法:
容重1.23g cm-3,θs=0.5358cm-3 cm-3,θ10=0.4889cm-3 cm-3,根据
Figure BDA0002648536520000041
(1)计算得到SPQ=0.0469cm-3 cm-3。0.055>SPQ≥0.03,对应的土壤物理性质等级为差。这与苏打盐渍土的实际情况相符,即由于高碱化度导致土壤胶体和黏粒高度分散,即使在较低的容重时土壤物理性质仍然恶化严重。这说明本发明的方法在实际应用中是正确的、可行的。
实验二:
壤土与黏土土壤物理性质综合性状参数的计算方法与分级方法:容重均为1.25gcm-3,θs均为0.5283cm-3 cm-3,壤土θ10=0.4027cm-3 cm-3,黏土θ10=0.4374cm-3 cm-3。根据
Figure BDA0002648536520000042
计算得到的壤土和黏土的SPQ分别为0.1256cm-3 cm-3和0.0909cm-3 cm-3。这与壤土和黏土的实际情况相符,在容重相同的情况下,黏土由于黏粒含量较高,质地较为黏重,因而其物理性质与壤土相比相对较差。这说明本发明的方法在实际应用中是正确的、可行的。/>

Claims (1)

1.土壤物理性质综合性状参数的计算方法,其特征在于所述土壤物理性质综合性状参数的计算方法如下:
Figure FDA0004034102620000011
式中,θ为土壤体积含水量,单位为cm3 cm-3,θS为土壤饱和含水量,单位为cm3 cm-3,SPQ为土壤物理质量参数,h为θ对应的土壤水吸力,单位为kPa;
容重与所述θS的关系式为:
θS=(1-Db/2.65)(2)
Db为容重;
体积含水量θh的计算公式为:
θh=wh×Db(3)
wh为土壤水分常数,其对应的水吸力值为N,wh对应的体积含水量为θh
将(2)、(3)带入(1)得容重(Db)与SPQ的关系式:
Figure FDA0004034102620000012
所述SPQ与黏粒含量的关系包括:
土壤物理性黏粒是指直径<0.01mm的土壤颗粒,其含量与吸湿系数间存在显著线性关系,即:
wh=a+b×dpc(9)
式中,a、b均为正数,dpc为土壤物理性黏粒含量;
联合方程(1)、(3)、(9),并取wh对应的水吸力h=M得:
Figure FDA0004034102620000013
所述土壤物理性质综合性状参数的分级方法如下:
其中SPQ≥0.10,土壤物理性质综合性状为优秀;0.10>SPQ
≥0.055,土壤物理性质综合性状为良好;0.055>SPQ≥0.03,土壤物理性质综合性状为差;0.03>SPQ,土壤物理性质综合性状为极差。
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