CN112033324A - Detection method for wall thickness and wall thickness difference of double cones - Google Patents
Detection method for wall thickness and wall thickness difference of double cones Download PDFInfo
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- CN112033324A CN112033324A CN202010806422.3A CN202010806422A CN112033324A CN 112033324 A CN112033324 A CN 112033324A CN 202010806422 A CN202010806422 A CN 202010806422A CN 112033324 A CN112033324 A CN 112033324A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/08—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness for measuring thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B15/00—Systems controlled by a computer
- G05B15/02—Systems controlled by a computer electric
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting the wall thickness and the wall thickness difference of a biconical body, which comprises the following steps: s1, mounting a tested piece; respectively placing a large cone outer measuring rod and a large cone inner measuring rod of a large cone measuring assembly at the outer side and the inner side of a large cone surface of a double-cone workpiece; respectively placing a small cone outer measuring rod and a small cone inner measuring rod of a small cone measuring component at the outer side and the inner side of a small cone surface of a double-cone workpiece; s2, setting parameters before measurement; s3, measuring the double-cone workpiece, namely measuring the wall thickness data of the double-cone workpiece at each measuring point; and S4, processing and evaluating the obtained axial wall thickness and circumferential wall thickness data. The wall thickness of the double cone can be automatically detected, data can be automatically read, automatic analysis, processing and evaluation can be carried out, error protection can be realized, automatic storage and output can be realized, the influence of human factors on a measurement structure can be reduced, the measurement precision is greatly improved, the automation degree is high, and the detection work efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of detection of wall thickness and wall thickness difference of a double cone, and particularly relates to a detection method of wall thickness and wall thickness difference of the double cone.
Background
The conventional method for detecting the wall thickness and the wall thickness difference of the biconical body workpiece mainly comprises the steps of manually marking a meter and mechanically measuring by using a special manual measuring device, manually reading and recording measurement data, and manually calculating, analyzing and evaluating the wall thickness and the wall thickness difference of the workpiece.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the detection method for the wall thickness and the wall thickness difference of the biconical body, which has the advantages of convenience in operation, automation in the measurement process, high measurement working efficiency and high measurement precision, and can reduce the labor intensity of workers and reduce the influence of factors considered in measurement on the measurement result.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a detection method for the wall thickness and the wall thickness difference of a double cone adopts a detection device which comprises a workbench, a computer, a double cone positioning seat, a large cone measuring component and a small cone measuring component; the double-cone positioning seat, the large cone measuring assembly and the small cone measuring assembly are arranged on the workbench, and the double-cone positioning seat clamps the double-cone workpiece and enables the double-cone workpiece to rotate; the large cone measuring component and the small cone measuring component are arranged close to the large end of the double-cone workpiece;
the large cone measuring component comprises a base I, a sliding seat I, a driving device I, a large cone outer measuring rod and a large cone inner measuring rod; the base I is provided with a slide rail, the slide seat I is arranged on the slide rail, and the driving device I can drive the slide seat I to move along the slide rail; the sliding seat I is respectively connected with the rear ends of the two leaf spring lever mechanisms through screws, the front ends of the two leaf spring lever mechanisms are respectively provided with a large cone outer measuring rod and a large cone inner measuring rod, the side surface of one leaf spring lever mechanism is provided with a sensor I, the large cone outer measuring rod and the large cone inner measuring rod are arranged in parallel, and the side surfaces opposite to the end parts of the large cone outer measuring rod and the large cone inner measuring rod are provided with measuring heads I; the two measuring heads I are coaxial and arranged along the radius direction of the biconical workpiece;
the small cone measuring component comprises a base II, a sliding seat II, a driving device II, a small cone outer measuring rod and a small cone inner measuring rod; the base II is provided with a slide rail, and the slide seat II is arranged on the slide rail; the driving device II can drive the sliding seat II to move along the sliding rail; the sliding seat II is provided with two leaf spring lever mechanisms, the front ends of the two leaf spring lever mechanisms are respectively provided with a small cone outer measuring rod and a small cone inner measuring rod, the small cone outer measuring rod and the small cone inner measuring rod are arranged in parallel, the side surface of one leaf spring lever mechanism is provided with a sensor II, and the side surface opposite to the end part of the small cone outer measuring rod and the small cone inner measuring rod is provided with a measuring head II; the two measuring heads II are coaxial and are arranged along the radius direction of the biconical workpiece; the sensor I, the sensor II, the driving device I and the driving device II are respectively connected with a computer;
the method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a measuring head I and a measuring head II with corresponding ranges according to the wall thickness of the double-cone workpiece, and clamping the double-cone workpiece through a double-cone positioning seat; respectively placing a large cone outer measuring rod and a large cone inner measuring rod of a large cone measuring assembly at the outer side and the inner side of a large cone surface of a double-cone workpiece; respectively placing a small cone outer measuring rod and a small cone inner measuring rod of a small cone measuring component at the outer side and the inner side of a small cone surface of a double-cone workpiece;
s2, determining the initial positions of a measuring head I and a measuring head II through a computer; setting a measurement starting position and a measurement end position of the large conical surface of the biconical body, and a measurement starting position and a measurement end position of the small conical surface; setting the acquisition interval step number, the moving distance and the moving speed of each step of the measuring head I and the measuring head II, and setting the measuring speeds of the measuring head I and the measuring head II;
s3, controlling a driving device I and a driving device II by a computer to respectively drive a measuring head I and a measuring head II of the large cone measuring assembly and the small cone measuring assembly to move according to a set measuring position, a set moving speed, a set number of collecting interval steps and a set moving distance of each step, so that the measuring head I and the measuring head II respectively measure at measuring points on buses of a large conical surface and a small conical surface of the double-cone workpiece, data collection of the wall thickness of the large conical surface and the small conical surface of the double-cone workpiece is completed, and the data are transmitted to the computer for storage;
s4, returning the measuring head I and the measuring head II to the initial positions, and processing the wall thickness data of the large conical surface and the small conical surface of the obtained double-cone workpiece by adopting a computer to obtain the axial wall thickness difference and the circumferential wall thickness difference of the double-cone workpiece; comparing the wall thickness data of all the measuring points with the size shown in the figure, if the wall thickness data of all the measuring points are within the tolerance zone range of the size shown in the figure, then comparing the axial wall thickness difference, the circumferential wall thickness difference and the allowable range of the wall thickness difference, and if the axial wall thickness difference and the circumferential wall thickness difference are within the allowable range of the wall thickness difference, indicating that the double-cone workpiece is processed to be qualified; otherwise, the double-cone workpiece is unqualified to be processed and an alarm is given.
In the method for detecting the wall thickness and the wall thickness difference of the double cones, in step S3, during measurement, firstly, the measuring head I or the measuring head ii is moved to an axial measuring point position, and the wall thickness data of the double cone workpiece at the axial measuring point is measured; after the measurement is finished, the double-cone workpiece is rotated through the double-cone positioning seat, so that the measuring head I or the measuring head II moves to each circumferential measuring point in the cross section of the axial measuring point, the wall thickness data of the double-cone workpiece at each circumferential measuring point in the cross section of the axial measuring point is measured, and the wall thickness data are transmitted to a computer for storage; and rotating the biconical workpiece to the measuring head I or the measuring head II to return to the axial measuring point position, and then moving the measuring head I or the measuring head II to the next axial measuring point through the driving device I or the driving device II to measure and store the wall thickness data of all circumferential measuring points in the cross section of the next axial measuring point until all axial measuring points are measured.
In the method for detecting the wall thickness and the wall thickness difference of the double cones, the double cone positioning seat comprises a large cone positioning seat and a small cone positioning seat, and the large cone positioning seat comprises a supporting seat and a positioning tube; the upper part of the supporting seat is provided with a bearing seat, the rear part of the positioning tube is cylindrical and is arranged in a bearing of the bearing seat, and the front part of the positioning tube is conical and is used for positioning the inner part of the large end of the biconical workpiece; the small cone positioning seat comprises a pressing guide rail, a pressing seat, a positioning bearing seat, a rotating device, a pressing rod, a handle and a connecting rod; the pressing guide rail is fixedly arranged on the workbench and is parallel to the axis of the positioning pipe; the pressing seat is arranged on the pressing guide rail and can slide along the pressing guide rail, and the positioning bearing seat is arranged on the pressing seat; the positioning bearing seat is provided with a positioning shaft through a bearing, one end of the positioning shaft, which faces the positioning pipe, is provided with a positioning hole, and the other end of the positioning shaft is connected with the rotating device; the positioning hole is used for positioning the small end of the biconical workpiece and is coaxial with the positioning tube; the pressing seat is provided with a through hole, one end of the pressing rod is provided with a thread, the end of the pressing rod is inserted into the through hole, the pressing rod is provided with a pressing nut and a pressing spring, the pressing nut is in threaded connection with the thread, and two ends of the pressing spring are respectively contacted with the pressing seat and the pressing nut; the other end of the pressing rod is hinged with one end of the connecting rod, the other end of the connecting rod is hinged with a hinge lug at the bottom of the handle, and the hinge lug at the bottom of the handle is hinged with the workbench;
the specific operation of clamping the double-cone workpiece by the double-cone positioning seat in the step S1 is as follows: the large end of the large conical surface of the double-cone workpiece is placed on the positioning tube of the large cone positioning seat, the small end of the small conical surface of the double-cone workpiece is aligned with the positioning hole in the positioning shaft, then the handle of the small cone positioning seat is pulled, the pressing rod moves towards the large cone positioning seat, the pressing spring pushes the pressing seat to move towards the large cone positioning seat, and the small end of the small conical surface of the double-cone workpiece is fixed through the positioning hole.
In the method for detecting the wall thickness and the wall thickness difference of the double cones, a pneumatic sliding table is arranged on a small cone measuring assembly, one of the two leaf spring lever mechanisms is fixed on a sliding seat II through a screw, the other leaf spring lever mechanism is fixed on a piston rod of a cylinder of the pneumatic sliding table through a screw and can move perpendicular to a small cone inner measuring rod, and the other leaf spring lever mechanism is connected with a small cone outer measuring rod;
in the step S2, when the small cone inner measuring rod is placed in the double-cone workpiece, firstly, a piston rod of an air cylinder of the pneumatic sliding table is controlled to extend out, so that the distance between the small cone outer measuring rod and the small cone inner measuring rod is increased, and then, the driving device II is controlled to drive the sliding seat II to move until the measuring head II reaches the small cone surface; and then a piston rod of an air cylinder of the pneumatic sliding table is controlled to contract until a measuring head II on the small cone outer measuring rod is contacted with the outer side wall of the small cone surface of the double-cone workpiece.
In the method for detecting the wall thickness and the wall thickness difference of the biconical body, in step S4, the data processing process specifically includes the following steps:
1) wall thickness data x collected for all axial measurement pointsi1Comparing, i is the serial number of the axial measuring point, and obtaining the maximum value x of the wall thickness of the axial measuring pointi1maxAnd the minimum value xi1minFurther, the axial wall thickness difference delta axis is calculated, and the delta axis is xi1max-xi1min；
2) Wall thickness data x collected for all circumferential measurement points at each axial measurement pointijComparing, i is the serial number of the axial measuring point, j is the serial number of the circumferential measuring point, and obtaining the maximum value x of the wall thickness of each circumferential measuring point at each axial measuring pointimaxAnd the minimum value ximinAnd further calculating the circumferential wall thickness difference delta cycle i ═ x at each axial measuring pointimax-ximin(ii) a And then comparing the circumferential wall thickness differences obtained by all the axial measuring points to obtain the maximum value of the circumferential wall thickness difference of each axial measuring point, namely the circumferential wall thickness difference delta circumference.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method has the advantages of convenient operation, accurate and reliable measuring result and good repeatability, and the large cone measuring component and the small cone measuring component are controlled to feed by a computer to simultaneously measure the wall thickness of the large cone and the small cone of the double-cone workpiece; the measuring result is automatically processed, analyzed and evaluated, and a detection result report is automatically output, so that the automation of measuring the wall thickness and the wall thickness difference of the double cones is realized, the artificial influence is eliminated, and the measuring precision and efficiency are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of a detection device employed in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a left side view of a detection device employed in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of a table of a detection apparatus used in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a front view of a table of a detection apparatus employed in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along line a-a in fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of the leaf spring lever mechanism of the detecting device employed in the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a structural view of a rotating device for a small cone positioning seat of a detecting device according to the present invention, in which a hand wheel is used.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 2-3, the detection device adopted by the invention comprises a frame 1, a workbench 3, an alarm lamp 104, a computer 105, a large cone positioning seat, a small cone positioning seat, a large cone measurement assembly and a small cone measurement assembly. The worktable 3, the alarm lamp 104 and the computer 105 are installed on the rack, the computer 105 is a touch screen computer, the alarm lamp 104 is a three-color alarm lamp, and the alarm lamp 104 is connected with the computer 105. The rack is also provided with an electrical cabinet 103, a keyboard drawer 101 and a printer 102, the electrical cabinet 103 supplies power to a computer, the alarm lamp 8 and the printer 102, and the printer 102 is connected with the computer 9 and used for printing a measuring result. An air filter 26 is arranged in the electrical cabinet 103.
As shown in fig. 4-5, the large cone positioning seat 14 includes a supporting seat 141 and a positioning tube 142; the upper part of the supporting seat 141 is provided with a bearing seat; the rear part of the positioning tube 142 is cylindrical and is arranged in a bearing of the bearing seat, and the front part of the positioning tube 142 is conical and is used for positioning the inner part of the large end of the double-cone workpiece. The support base 141 is fixedly mounted on the table 3.
The small cone positioning seat 7 comprises a pressing guide rail 5, a pressing seat 2, a positioning bearing seat 73, a rotating device 74, a pressing rod 4, a handle 22 and a connecting rod 21; the pressing guide rail 5 is fixedly arranged on the workbench 3, and the pressing guide rail 5 is parallel to the axis of the positioning tube 142. The pressing seat 2 is arranged on the pressing guide rail 5 and can slide along the pressing guide rail 5. The positioning bearing seat 73 is arranged on the pressing seat 2; the positioning shaft 71 is mounted on the positioning bearing seat 73 through a bearing, a positioning hole 72 is formed in one end, facing the positioning pipe, of the positioning shaft 71, the other end of the positioning shaft 71 is connected with a rotating device, the rotating device can drive the positioning shaft 71 to rotate, the double-cone workpiece is further driven to rotate, and the thickness of the side wall of the double-cone workpiece is measured for one circle. The locating hole 72 is used for locating the small end of the bicone workpiece, and the locating hole 72 is coaxial with the locating tube 142. The pressing seat 2 is provided with a through hole, one end of the pressing rod 4 is provided with a thread, the end is inserted into the through hole, the pressing rod 4 is provided with a pressing nut 42 and a pressing spring 41, the pressing nut 42 is in threaded connection with the thread, and two ends of the pressing spring 41 are respectively contacted with the pressing seat 2 and the pressing nut 42. The pressing rod 4 is arranged in parallel with the pressing guide rail 5, the other end of the pressing rod 4 is hinged with one end of the connecting rod 21, the other end of the connecting rod 21 is hinged with a hinge lug at the bottom of the handle 22, and the hinge lug at the bottom of the handle 22 is hinged with the workbench 3. The handle is pulled, so that the pressing rod 4 can be pushed or retracted towards the large cone positioning seat 14; and further, the compression spring 41 on the compression rod 4 pushes the compression seat 2 to move towards the large cone positioning seat 14 or move reversely, so that the double-cone workpiece is clamped or loosened.
As shown in fig. 8, the rotating device 74 may be a handwheel, and a rotating shaft of the handwheel is connected with the positioning shaft 71 through a spline. The rotation of the biconical workpiece is realized by manually rotating the hand wheel. As shown in fig. 5, the rotating device may also be a stepping motor, the stepping motor is mounted on the motor mounting seat 23, the motor mounting seat 23 is mounted on the pressing seat 2, an output shaft of the stepping motor is connected with the positioning shaft, and the stepping motor is connected with the computer 105. The positioning shaft 71 is driven to rotate by the stepping motor, so that the rotation of the biconical workpiece is realized.
The large cone measuring component 8 and the small cone measuring component 9 are arranged close to the large end of the double-cone workpiece; the large cone measuring component 8 comprises a base I81, a sliding seat I82, a driving device I83, two leaf spring lever mechanisms 89, a large cone outer measuring rod 84 and a large cone inner measuring rod 85. As shown in fig. 7, the leaf spring lever mechanism 89 includes a leaf spring mounting seat 891, the leaf spring mounting seat 891 is provided with sensor mounting holes communicating with two side surfaces, and the leaf spring mounting seat is provided with an arcuate leaf spring groove 892 respectively near the two side surfaces; the leaf spring mounting seat 891 is provided with a rectangular leaf spring slot 893 near the front end, and two ends of the rectangular leaf spring slot 893 are respectively communicated with two arched leaf spring slots 892. The middle of the leaf spring mounting seat 891 is provided with an L-shaped leaf spring groove 894, the L-shaped leaf spring groove 894 is communicated with an arched leaf spring groove, and a leaf spring with a corresponding shape is respectively arranged in the leaf spring grooves.
The base I81 on be equipped with slide rail 86, slide I82 is equipped with the spout corresponding to slide rail 86, slide rail 86 nestification is in the spout, slide I82 can remove along slide rail 86. Slide I82 be connected with the rear end of two leaf spring lever mechanisms 89 respectively through the screw, the front end of two leaf spring lever mechanisms 89 is connected with big awl outer measuring stick 84 and big awl interior measuring stick 85 respectively, be equipped with sensor I88 in a leaf spring lever mechanism's the sensor mounting hole, big awl outer measuring stick 84 and big awl interior measuring stick 85 parallel arrangement, be equipped with measuring head I87 on the relative side of tip of big awl outer measuring stick 84 and big awl interior measuring stick 85, I87 coaxial and along the direction of radius of bipyramid body work piece of two measuring heads sets up. The sensor I88 was connected to the computer 105, and the contact of the sensor I88 was in contact with a leaf spring in an arcuate leaf spring slot.
As shown in fig. 6, the driving device i83 includes a screw i831, a stepping motor i 832 and a nut i 833; step motor I832 is fixed ann in workstation 3 bottom, and step motor I832's output shaft passes through the shaft coupling 834 and is connected with lead screw I831, and lead screw I831 sets up in parallel to slide rail 86, and lead screw I831 installs the bottom at workstation 3 through bearing frame 835, 836. The nut I833 is in threaded connection with the lead screw I831, and the nut I833 is connected with the sliding seat I82 through the connecting plate 837. The stepping motor I832 is connected with the computer 105, the stepping motor I832 drives the nut I833 to rotate, the rotation is converted into movement, the sliding seat I82 is driven to move along the sliding rail 86, the measuring rod 85 in the large cone extends into the inner cavity of the double-cone workpiece, and the measuring head I is perpendicular to the side wall of the double-cone workpiece. The driving device I83 can also adopt a hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed at the bottom of the workbench 3, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the sliding seat I82, and the sliding seat I82 moves along the sliding rail 86 through the extension and retraction of the piston rod.
The small cone measuring component 9 comprises a base II 91, a sliding seat II 92, a driving device II, a small cone outer measuring rod 94 and a small cone inner measuring rod 95; II 91 of base on be equipped with slide rail 96, II 92 of slide are equipped with the spout corresponding to the slide rail, slide rail 96 nestification is in the spout, II 92 of slide can remove along slide rail 96. Two leaf spring lever mechanisms 89 and a pneumatic sliding table 99 are arranged on the sliding base II 92, the rear end of the leaf spring lever mechanism 89 is fixedly connected with the sliding base II 92 through a screw, the pneumatic sliding table 99 is fixedly installed on the sliding base II 92, a piston rod of an air cylinder of the pneumatic sliding table 99 is connected with another leaf spring lever mechanism, and the other leaf spring lever mechanism can be driven to move perpendicular to the sliding rail. A sensor II 98 is arranged in a sensor mounting hole of a leaf spring lever mechanism, a small cone outer measuring rod 94 and a small cone inner measuring rod 95 are arranged at the front ends of the two leaf spring lever mechanisms 89, and the small cone outer measuring rod 94 and the small cone inner measuring rod 95 are arranged in parallel. And the measuring heads II 97 are arranged on the opposite side surfaces of the end parts of the small cone outer measuring rod 94 and the small cone inner measuring rod 95, and the two measuring heads II 97 are coaxial and are arranged along the radius direction of the double-cone workpiece. The driving device II comprises a screw rod II, a stepping motor II and a nut II; the stepping motor II is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the workbench 3, an output shaft of the stepping motor II is connected with the screw rod II, the nut II is in threaded connection with the screw rod II, the nut II is connected with the sliding seat II, the screw rod II is parallel to the sliding rail 96, and the stepping motor II is connected with the computer 105. The driving device II can also adopt a hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the workbench 3, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the sliding seat II 92. The rear end side of the small cone inner measuring rod 94 is provided with a sensor II 98, the sensor II 98 is connected with a computer 105, and a contact of the sensor II 98 is in contact with a leaf spring in an arched leaf spring groove.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention comprises the steps of:
s1, selecting a measuring head I87 and a measuring head II 97 with corresponding measuring ranges according to the wall thickness size of a biconical workpiece; clamping the double-cone workpiece through a double-cone positioning seat: firstly, the large end of the large conical surface of the double-cone workpiece is placed on the positioning tube 142 of the large cone positioning seat 14, so that the small end of the small conical surface of the double-cone workpiece is aligned with the positioning hole 72 of the positioning shaft 71, then, the handle 22 of the small cone positioning seat 7 is pulled, so that the pressing rod 4 faces one end of the large cone positioning seat 14, the pressing spring 41 pushes the pressing seat 2 to move towards the large cone positioning seat 14, and the small end of the small conical surface of the double-cone workpiece is fixed through the positioning hole 72.
The large cone outer measuring rod 84 and the large cone inner measuring rod 85 of the large cone measuring component 8 are respectively arranged on the outer side and the inner side of the large cone surface of the double-cone workpiece. The small cone outer measuring rod 94 and the small cone inner measuring rod 95 of the small cone measuring component 9 are respectively arranged on the outer side and the inner side of the small cone surface of the double-cone workpiece.
When the small cone inner measuring rod 95 is placed in a double-cone workpiece, a piston rod of an air cylinder of the pneumatic sliding table 99 is controlled to extend out, so that the distance between the small cone outer measuring rod 94 and the small cone inner measuring rod 95 is increased, and then the driving device II is controlled to drive the sliding seat II 92 to move until the measuring head II 97 reaches the small cone surface. And then controlling a piston rod of a cylinder of the pneumatic sliding table 99 to contract until a measuring head II on the small cone outer measuring rod 94 is contacted with the outer side wall of the small cone surface of the double-cone workpiece.
S2, determining the initial positions of a measuring head I87 and a measuring head II 97 through a computer; setting a measurement starting position and a measurement end position of a large conical surface and a measurement starting position and a measurement end position of a small conical surface of a double-cone workpiece; setting the acquisition interval steps, the moving distance and the moving speed of each step of the measuring head I87 and the measuring head II 97, and setting the measuring speeds of the measuring head I87 and the measuring head II 97;
s3, controlling a driving device I83 and a driving device II by a computer 105 to respectively drive a measuring head I87 and a measuring head II 97 of a large cone measuring component 8 and a small cone measuring component 9 to move at set measuring positions, moving speeds, collecting interval step numbers and moving distances of each step, so that the measuring head I87 and the measuring head II 97 are respectively measured at measuring points on buses of a large conical surface and a small conical surface of a double-cone workpiece, the wall thickness data collection of the large conical surface and the small conical surface of the double-cone workpiece is completed, and the data are transmitted to the computer for storage;
during measurement, firstly, a measuring head I87 or a measuring head II 97 is adopted to move to an axial measuring point position, and the wall thickness data of the biconical workpiece at the axial measuring point is measured; after the measurement is finished, the double-cone workpiece is rotated through the double-cone positioning seat, so that the measuring head I87 or the measuring head II 97 moves to each circumferential measuring point in the cross section of the axial measuring point, the wall thickness data of the double-cone workpiece at each circumferential measuring point in the cross section of the axial measuring point is measured, and the wall thickness data is transmitted to the computer 105 for storage. And rotating the double-cone workpiece to a measuring head I87 or a measuring head II 97 to return to the axial measuring point position, and then moving the measuring head I87 or the measuring head II 97 to the next axial measuring point through a driving device I83 or a driving device II to measure and store the wall thickness data of all measuring points in the cross section of the next axial measuring point until all axial measuring points are measured.
S4, returning the measuring head I87 and the measuring head II 97 to the initial positions, and processing the obtained wall thickness data of the large conical surface and the small conical surface of the double-cone workpiece by using a computer 105 to obtain the axial wall thickness difference and the circumferential wall thickness difference of the double-cone workpiece; comparing the wall thickness data of all the measuring points with the size shown in the figure, if the wall thickness data of all the measuring points are within the tolerance zone range of the size shown in the figure, then comparing the axial wall thickness difference, the circumferential wall thickness difference and the allowable range of the wall thickness difference, and if the axial wall thickness difference and the circumferential wall thickness difference are within the allowable range of the wall thickness difference, indicating that the double-cone workpiece is processed to be qualified; otherwise, the double-cone workpiece is unqualified to be processed and an alarm is given. Meanwhile, a detection report is generated, and the printer outputs the detection report.
The data processing process specifically comprises the following steps:
1) wall thickness data x collected for all axial measurement pointsiComparing, i is the serial number of the axial measuring point, and obtaining the maximum value x of the wall thickness of each axial measuring pointi1maxAnd the minimum value xi1minFurther, the axial wall thickness difference delta axis is calculated, and the delta axis is ximax-ximin；
2) Wall thickness data x collected for all circumferential measurement points at each axial measurement pointijComparing, i is the serial number of the axial measuring point, j is the serial number of the circumferential measuring point, and obtaining each axial measuring pointMaximum value x of wall thickness of each circumferential measuring pointimaxAnd the minimum value ximinAnd further calculating the circumferential wall thickness difference delta cycle i ═ x at each axial measuring pointimax-ximin(ii) a And then comparing the circumferential wall thickness differences obtained by all the axial measuring points to obtain the maximum value of the circumferential wall thickness difference of each axial measuring point, namely the circumferential wall thickness difference delta circumference.
Taking the measurement result of the biconical workpiece with the wall thickness of 3.5 +/-0.020 mm as an example, the calculation method of the axial wall thickness difference and the circumferential wall thickness difference is described, and the following table shows.
Difference in axial wall thickness
Difference in circumferential wall thickness
The invention uses the gauge block to automatically calibrate the precision and error compensation of the measuring head I87 and the measuring head II 97, thereby eliminating the system error of the invention, adopts a direct measuring method in the measuring range, and adopts a high-precision sensor to collect data, further reduces the human error in the detection process, and has good repeatability. The invention realizes automatic reset and zero setting, automatic measurement, automatic acquisition of measurement data, automatic processing, analysis and evaluation of measurement results, has the function of automatic alarm whether the measurement results are qualified or not, automatically outputs a detection result report and greatly improves the working efficiency. The invention has the functions of parameter setting, PLC debugging, zero adjustment, measuring head precision calibration, measured data acquisition, data query, password modification, user management and the like.
Claims (5)
1. A detection method for the wall thickness and the wall thickness difference of a double cone adopts a detection device which comprises a workbench, a computer, a double cone positioning seat, a large cone measuring component and a small cone measuring component; the double-cone positioning seat, the large cone measuring assembly and the small cone measuring assembly are arranged on the workbench, and the double-cone positioning seat clamps the double-cone workpiece and enables the double-cone workpiece to rotate; the large cone measuring component and the small cone measuring component are arranged close to the large end of the double-cone workpiece;
the large cone measuring component comprises a base I, a sliding seat I, a driving device I, a large cone outer measuring rod and a large cone inner measuring rod; the base I is provided with a slide rail, the slide seat I is arranged on the slide rail, and the driving device I can drive the slide seat I to move along the slide rail; the sliding seat I is respectively connected with the rear ends of the two leaf spring lever mechanisms through screws, the front ends of the two leaf spring lever mechanisms are respectively provided with a large cone outer measuring rod and a large cone inner measuring rod, the side surface of one leaf spring lever mechanism is provided with a sensor I, the large cone outer measuring rod and the large cone inner measuring rod are arranged in parallel, and the side surfaces opposite to the end parts of the large cone outer measuring rod and the large cone inner measuring rod are provided with measuring heads I; the two measuring heads I are coaxial and arranged along the radius direction of the biconical workpiece;
the small cone measuring component comprises a base II, a sliding seat II, a driving device II, a small cone outer measuring rod and a small cone inner measuring rod; the base II is provided with a slide rail, and the slide seat II is arranged on the slide rail; the driving device II can drive the sliding seat II to move along the sliding rail; the sliding seat II is provided with two leaf spring lever mechanisms, the front ends of the two leaf spring lever mechanisms are respectively provided with a small cone outer measuring rod and a small cone inner measuring rod, the small cone outer measuring rod and the small cone inner measuring rod are arranged in parallel, the side surface of one leaf spring lever mechanism is provided with a sensor II, and the side surface opposite to the end part of the small cone outer measuring rod and the small cone inner measuring rod is provided with a measuring head II; the two measuring heads II are coaxial and are arranged along the radius direction of the biconical workpiece; the sensor I, the sensor II, the driving device I and the driving device II are respectively connected with a computer;
the method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a measuring head I and a measuring head II with corresponding measuring ranges according to the wall thickness of the double-cone workpiece, and clamping the double-cone workpiece through a double-cone positioning seat; respectively placing a large cone outer measuring rod and a large cone inner measuring rod of a large cone measuring assembly at the outer side and the inner side of a large cone surface of a double-cone workpiece; respectively placing a small cone outer measuring rod and a small cone inner measuring rod of a small cone measuring component at the outer side and the inner side of a small cone surface of a double-cone workpiece;
s2, determining the initial positions of a measuring head I and a measuring head II through a computer; setting a measurement starting position and a measurement end position of the large conical surface of the biconical body, and a measurement starting position and a measurement end position of the small conical surface; setting the acquisition interval step number, the moving distance and the moving speed of each step of the measuring head I and the measuring head II, and setting the measuring speeds of the measuring head I and the measuring head II;
s3, controlling a driving device I and a driving device II by a computer to respectively drive a measuring head I and a measuring head II of the large cone measuring assembly and the small cone measuring assembly to move according to a set measuring position, a set moving speed, a set number of collecting interval steps and a set moving distance of each step, so that the measuring head I and the measuring head II respectively measure at measuring points on buses of a large conical surface and a small conical surface of the double-cone workpiece, data collection of the wall thickness of the large conical surface and the small conical surface of the double-cone workpiece is completed, and the data are transmitted to the computer for storage;
s4, returning the measuring head I and the measuring head II to the initial positions, and processing the wall thickness data of the large conical surface and the small conical surface of the obtained double-cone workpiece by using a computer to obtain the axial wall thickness difference and the circumferential wall thickness difference of the double-cone workpiece; comparing the wall thickness data of all the measuring points with the size shown in the figure, if the wall thickness data of all the measuring points are within the tolerance zone range of the size shown in the figure, then comparing the axial wall thickness difference, the circumferential wall thickness difference and the allowable range of the wall thickness difference, and if the axial wall thickness difference and the circumferential wall thickness difference are within the allowable range of the wall thickness difference, indicating that the double-cone workpiece is processed to be qualified; otherwise, the double-cone workpiece is unqualified to be processed and an alarm is given.
2. The method for detecting the wall thickness and the wall thickness difference of the biconical body according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, during measurement, firstly, the measuring head I or the measuring head ii is moved to an axial measuring point position to measure the wall thickness data of the biconical body workpiece at the axial measuring point; after the measurement is finished, the double-cone workpiece is rotated through the double-cone positioning seat, so that the measuring head I or the measuring head II moves to each circumferential measuring point in the cross section of the axial measuring point, the wall thickness data of the double-cone workpiece at each circumferential measuring point in the cross section of the axial measuring point is measured, and the wall thickness data are transmitted to a computer for storage; and rotating the biconical workpiece to the measuring head I or the measuring head II to return to the axial measuring point position, and then moving the measuring head I or the measuring head II to the next axial measuring point through the driving device I or the driving device II to measure and store the wall thickness data of all circumferential measuring points in the cross section of the next axial measuring point until all axial measuring points are measured.
3. The method for detecting the wall thickness and the wall thickness difference of the double cones according to claim 1, wherein the double cone positioning seats comprise a large cone positioning seat and a small cone positioning seat, and the large cone positioning seat comprises a supporting seat and a positioning tube; the upper part of the supporting seat is provided with a bearing seat, the rear part of the positioning tube is cylindrical and is arranged in a bearing of the bearing seat, and the front part of the positioning tube is conical and is used for positioning the inner part of the large end of the biconical workpiece; the small cone positioning seat comprises a pressing guide rail, a pressing seat, a positioning bearing seat, a rotating device, a pressing rod, a handle and a connecting rod; the pressing guide rail is fixedly arranged on the workbench and is parallel to the axis of the positioning pipe; the pressing seat is arranged on the pressing guide rail and can slide along the pressing guide rail, and the positioning bearing seat is arranged on the pressing seat; the positioning bearing seat is provided with a positioning shaft through a bearing, one end of the positioning shaft, which faces the positioning pipe, is provided with a positioning hole, and the other end of the positioning shaft is connected with the rotating device; the positioning hole is used for positioning the small end of the biconical workpiece and is coaxial with the positioning tube; the pressing seat is provided with a through hole, one end of the pressing rod is provided with a thread, the end of the pressing rod is inserted into the through hole, the pressing rod is provided with a pressing nut and a pressing spring, the pressing nut is in threaded connection with the thread, and two ends of the pressing spring are respectively contacted with the pressing seat and the pressing nut; the other end of the pressing rod is hinged with one end of the connecting rod, the other end of the connecting rod is hinged with a hinge lug at the bottom of the handle, and the hinge lug at the bottom of the handle is hinged with the workbench;
the specific operation of clamping the double-cone workpiece by the double-cone positioning seat in the step S1 is as follows: the large end of the large conical surface of the double-cone workpiece is placed on the positioning tube of the large cone positioning seat, the small end of the small conical surface of the double-cone workpiece is aligned with the positioning hole in the positioning shaft, then the handle of the small cone positioning seat is pulled, the pressing rod moves towards the large cone positioning seat, the pressing spring pushes the pressing seat to move towards the large cone positioning seat, and the small end of the small conical surface of the double-cone workpiece is fixed through the positioning hole.
4. The method for detecting the wall thickness and the wall thickness difference of the biconical body according to claim 1, wherein a pneumatic sliding table is arranged on the small cone measuring assembly, one of the two leaf spring lever mechanisms is fixed on a sliding seat II through a screw, the other leaf spring lever mechanism is fixed on a piston rod of a cylinder of the pneumatic sliding table through a screw and can move perpendicular to the measuring rod in the small cone, and the other leaf spring lever mechanism is connected with the measuring rod outside the small cone;
in the step S2, when the small cone inner measuring rod is placed in the double-cone workpiece, firstly, a piston rod of an air cylinder of the pneumatic sliding table is controlled to extend out, so that the distance between the small cone outer measuring rod and the small cone inner measuring rod is increased, and then, the driving device II is controlled to drive the sliding seat II to move until the measuring head II reaches the small cone surface; and then a piston rod of an air cylinder of the pneumatic sliding table is controlled to contract until a measuring head II on the small cone outer measuring rod is contacted with the outer side wall of the small cone surface of the double-cone workpiece.
5. The method for detecting the wall thickness and the wall thickness difference of the biconical body according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the data processing procedure is as follows:
1) wall thickness data collected for all axial measurement pointsx i1Comparing, i is the serial number of the axial measuring point, and obtaining the maximum value of the wall thickness of the axial measuring pointx i1maxAnd minimum valuex i1minFurther calculating the axial wall thickness difference△The shaft is provided with a plurality of axial holes,△axis =x i1max-x i1min；
2) Wall thickness data collected for all circumferential measurement points at each axial measurement pointx ijComparing, i is the serial number of the axial measuring point, j is the serial number of the circumferential measuring point, and obtaining the maximum value of the wall thickness of each circumferential measuring point at each axial measuring pointx imaxAnd minimum valuex imin And further calculating the circumferential wall thickness difference at each axial measuring point△Week i =x imax -x imin Then comparing the circumferential wall thickness differences obtained by all the axial measuring points to obtain the maximum value of the circumferential wall thickness difference of each axial measuring point, namely the circumferential wall thickness difference△And (4) week.
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