CN112033260B - Method for measuring toe-in of commercial vehicle - Google Patents
Method for measuring toe-in of commercial vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN112033260B CN112033260B CN202010881156.0A CN202010881156A CN112033260B CN 112033260 B CN112033260 B CN 112033260B CN 202010881156 A CN202010881156 A CN 202010881156A CN 112033260 B CN112033260 B CN 112033260B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of toe-in measurement, and discloses a method for measuring the toe-in of a commercial vehicle, which comprises the following steps: s1: contour lines are drawn on the tire tread and the tire side at the front end and the tire tread and the tire side at the rear end of each steering wheel, and the contour lines of the two steering wheels are located at the same height; s2: fitting a square on one of the contour lines, fitting a handle part of the square with the tire side, and fitting a scale part of the square with the tire surface; s3: selecting one scale of a scale part of the square as a reference scale, and setting a position corresponding to the reference scale on the contour line as a reference position; the reference positions of the front end and the rear end of one of the steering wheels are respectively a point A and a point C, and the reference positions of the front end and the rear end of the other steering wheel are respectively a point B and a point D; s4: straightening wheels; s5: the toe-in value of the vehicle is CD-AB. The invention can quickly, simply and accurately realize the measurement of the toe-in of the vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of toe-in measurement, in particular to a method for measuring the toe-in of a commercial vehicle.
Background
For commercial vehicles, the steering wheel has various positioning parameters: such as toe-in, vehicle camber angle, king pin back pin angle, king pin inclination etc. above-mentioned positioning parameter is the important parameter of guaranteeing that the wheel is steady to travel, if positioning parameter takes place the deviation, the vehicle can appear tire abnormal wear and off tracking problem, reduces tire life, and the maneuverability of vehicle also worsens.
The toe-in refers to the difference between the rear end distance and the front end distance of the two steering wheels when the vehicle is in a running state; toe-in measurement is of great importance for commercial vehicles, since toe-in value is easy to adjust and is also a major factor affecting abnormal wear of the tires of the steerable wheels and steering return.
The existing front beam measurement method usually needs to adopt special equipment and cultivate professional operators to implement, namely, the equipment cost and the personnel cost are high, the requirement on the operation level of the operators is high, and the overall popularity is poor.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a method for measuring a front beam of a commercial vehicle to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring the toe-in of a commercial vehicle, which can quickly, simply and accurately measure the toe-in of the vehicle, does not need special equipment, has low requirement on operators, reduces the cost and is beneficial to wide popularization.
In order to realize the purpose, the following technical scheme is provided:
a method for measuring the toe-in of a commercial vehicle comprises the following steps:
s1: contour lines are drawn on the tire tread and the tire side at the front end and the tire tread and the tire side at the rear end of each steering wheel, and the contour lines of the two steering wheels are located at the same height;
s2: fitting a square on one of the contour lines, wherein a handle part of the square is fitted with the tire side, and a scale part of the square is fitted with the tire surface;
s3: selecting one scale of a scale part of the square as a reference scale, and setting a position corresponding to the reference scale on the contour line as a reference position; the reference positions of the front end and the rear end of one of the steering wheels are respectively a point A and a point C, and the reference positions of the front end and the rear end of the other steering wheel are respectively a point B and a point D;
s4: the wheel is straightened, and the distance AB between the point A and the point B and the distance CD between the point C and the point D are measured;
s5: and calculating to obtain the toe-in value of the vehicle as CD-AB.
Further, in step S2, the grip portions of the square are all attached to the side wall outside the steerable wheel.
Further, in step S2, the grip portions of the square are all attached to the side wall on the inner side of the steerable wheel.
Further, in step S2: when the square is respectively attached to the contour lines at the front end and the rear end of the same steering wheel, the free ends of the handle parts of the square are positioned on the same virtual circle with the center of the steering wheel as the center of circle.
Furthermore, a connecting line of the front reference position and the rear reference position of the same steering wheel is parallel to the side wall; the connecting line of the front reference position and the rear reference position of the two steering wheels is symmetrically distributed relative to the longitudinal central axis of the vehicle when the wheels are aligned.
Further, the virtual circles of the two steered wheels are symmetrically distributed with respect to a longitudinal central axis of the vehicle when the wheels are aligned.
Further, in step S4, the wheel alignment specifically includes the following steps:
s41: preparing two ropes, and horizontally straightening the two ropes to enable the two ropes to be parallel to a longitudinal central axis of a vehicle;
s42: the two ropes are horizontally close to the vehicle from two sides of the vehicle respectively until the ropes are contacted with the middle axle wheels of the vehicle;
s43: rotating a steering wheel, and finely adjusting the wire rope at any time to ensure that the wire rope is in contact with the rear side of the steering wheel while keeping contact with the middle axle wheel (200);
s44: measuring a transverse spacing L between one of the cords and a forwardmost end of the respective side of the steerable wheel1And the transverse distance between the other wire rope and the foremost end of the steering wheel on the corresponding side is L2(ii) a When the two steering wheels are positioned between the two ropes and L1＝L2When in use, the wheels are straightened.
Further, in step S41, the horizontal height of the wire is the same as the height of the center of the steered wheel.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
s6: if the toe-in value is not in the allowable range, the tie rod of the steering wheel needs to be adjusted, and the steps S4-S6 are repeated after the adjustment until the toe-in value is in the allowable range;
s7: and locking the steering tie rod, and finishing measurement.
Further, the allowable range of the toe-in value is 0-2 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the toe-in measuring method provided by the invention can quickly, simply and accurately realize the measurement of the toe-in of the vehicle, does not need to adopt special equipment, has low requirement on operators, reduces the cost and is beneficial to wide popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for measuring toe-in of a commercial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of drawing contour lines at the sidewalls in step S1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of drawing contour lines on a tread in step S1 in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a first schematic diagram illustrating the placement of the square in step S2 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the placement of the square in step S2 according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of steps S3 and S4 according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of a wheel in a state of being straightened according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
100-a steering wheel; 200-middle axle wheels; 300-a steering wheel;
11-tread; 12-a sidewall;
20-square; 21-a handle part; 22-a scale section;
30-a cord;
101-contour line; 102-longitudinal mid-axis; 103-reference circle.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally placed when the products of the present invention are used, and are used only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements to be referred to must have specific orientations, be constructed in specific orientations, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; either mechanically or electrically. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment discloses a method for measuring a toe-in of a commercial vehicle, which specifically includes the following steps:
s1: contour lines 101 are drawn on the tread 11 and the sidewall 12 at the front end and the tread 11 and the sidewall 12 at the rear end of each of the steered wheels 100, and the contour lines 101 of both the steered wheels 100 are located at the same height (refer to fig. 2 and 3);
s2: attaching a square 20 to an equal altitude 101 at the front end or the rear end of the steering wheel 100, wherein a handle portion 21 of the square 20 is attached to the sidewall 12, and a scale portion 22 of the square 20 is attached to the tread 11 (see fig. 4 and 5);
s3: one scale of the scale part 22 of the square 20 is selected as a reference scale, and the position corresponding to the reference scale on the contour line 101 is set as a reference position; reference positions of the front end and the rear end of one steered wheel 100 are point a and point C, respectively, and reference positions of the front end and the rear end of the other steered wheel 100 are point B and point D, respectively (refer to fig. 6);
s4: the wheel is set and the distance AB between the points a and B, and the distance CD between the points C and D are measured (refer to fig. 6);
s5: and calculating to obtain the toe-in value of the vehicle as CD-AB.
The tread 11 is the outermost face of the crown of the tire, intended to be in direct contact with the ground. Referring to fig. 2 and 3, for a certain steering wheel 100, a contour 101 made at the front end (or the rear end) refers to a continuous line, i.e., the continuous line is positioned on both the tread 11 and the sidewall 12 at a certain end; when the square 20 is attached, the handle portion 21 and the scale portion 22 can find the corresponding attachment position quickly and smoothly according to the same line body. The front and the back of the embodiment are both referred to the direction of the vehicle when the vehicle normally runs; the direction corresponding to the traveling direction is the front, and the direction opposite to the traveling direction is the rear.
In step S3, the selection of the reference scale of the square 20 directly determines the reference position; in a specific implementation, the reference position may be located at any position of the tread 11 in the width direction, for example, the reference position may be a middle position of the tread 11 in the width direction, or may be a position deviated from the middle position in the width direction, as long as it is ensured that the four reference positions are consistent; that is, for the same steered wheel 100, the line (AC or BD) connecting the two reference positions of the front and rear ends thereof and the sidewall 12 of the steered wheel 100 are parallel to each other; for the two steered wheels 100, the connecting lines (AC and BD) of the front and rear reference positions of the two steered wheels 100 should be symmetrically distributed with respect to the longitudinal mid-axis 102 of the vehicle when the wheels are aligned, as can be seen in particular in fig. 6.
Further, in step S2, the handle portions 21 of the square 20 are attached to the sidewalls 12 outside the steered wheel 100, or attached to the sidewalls 12 inside the steered wheel 100; the side of the steerable wheel 100 that is away from the longitudinal center axis 102 of the vehicle is referred to herein as the outboard side, and the side that is closer to the longitudinal center axis 102 of the vehicle is referred to as the inboard side. In this embodiment, optionally, the handle portions 21 of the square 20 are attached to the sidewalls 12 outside the steering wheel 100, so that the operation of the operator can be facilitated, and the operator does not need to stretch into the vehicle bottom to operate or observe. For a certain tire, if the two reference positions are measured when the handle portion 21 of the square 20 is located on the outer side of the tire and the inner side of the tire respectively, the connecting line of the two reference positions drawn according to the same reference scale is obviously not parallel to the sidewall 12 of the tire, and has no reference; unless the reference position is located exactly in the middle of the width of the tread 11 of the tire, it is obvious that this is a special case and not universal. Thus, in this embodiment, the grip portions 21 of the select square 20 are each attached to the sidewall 12 outside the steerable wheel 100, or are each attached to the sidewall 12 inside the steerable wheel 100.
Further, referring to fig. 5, in step S2: when the square 20 is attached to the contour lines 101 of the front end and the rear end of the same steerable wheel 100, respectively, the free ends of the handle portions 21 of the square 20 are located on the same virtual circle centered on the center of the steerable wheel 100. When the tire is used specifically, excessive abrasion of the tire tread 11 can happen inevitably, so that the scale part 22 of the square 20 cannot be completely attached to the tire tread 11, at this time, in order to ensure that the reference position has refereability, when the square 20 is attached every time, the free end of the handle part 21 of the square 20 needs to be ensured to be positioned on the same virtual circle with the center of the steering wheel 100 as the center of the circle, namely, the placing states of the square 20 at the front end and the rear end of the tire are ensured to be consistent; if the square 20 cannot be effectively attached to the contour 101 at this time, the vertical projection of the reference scale on the contour 101 of the tread 11 is used as a reference position. Further, in the wheel-alignment state, the virtual circles of the two steering wheels 100 are also symmetrically distributed with respect to the longitudinal central axis 102 of the vehicle, i.e. it is ensured that the placement states of the square 20 on the two steering wheels 100 are consistent. In specific implementation, the virtual circle can be drawn on the sidewall 12 of the tire by using a marking pen according to the position of the square 20 during first fitting to form a reference circle 103, and then the reference circle 103 can be directly used as a reference to fit the square 20, so that the measuring process is more visual and rapid; further, for appearance or other purposes, the sidewall 12 of some tires itself has a series of grooves arranged in concentric circles, which can be used as the reference circle 103.
Referring to fig. 7, in step S4, the wheel alignment specifically includes the following steps:
s41: preparing two cords 30 and straightening the cords 30 horizontally so that the cords 30 are parallel to a longitudinal central axis 102 of the vehicle;
s42: the two ropes 30 are horizontally close to the vehicle from two sides of the vehicle respectively until contacting with a middle axle wheel 200 of the vehicle;
s43: rotating the steering wheel 300 and finely adjusting the wire 30 at any time to make the wire 30 contact with the rear side of the steering wheel 100 on the front axle of the vehicle while keeping contact with the middle axle wheels 200;
s44: a lateral spacing of L1 between one of the cords 30 and the forwardmost end of the respective side steering wheel 100 and L2 between the other cord 30 and the forwardmost end of the respective side steering wheel 100; when both steered wheels 100 are located between the two wires 30 and L1 is L2, the wheels are straightened.
In practice, when the wheel is steered, the foremost end of the steered wheel 100 is the connection between the sidewall 12 and the tread 11, i.e. the shoulder of the tire.
Further, the above-mentioned measuring method further comprises the steps of:
s6: if the toe-in value is not within the allowable range, the tie rod of the steering wheel 100 needs to be adjusted, and step S4 is repeated after the adjustment until the toe-in value is within the allowable range;
s7: and locking the steering tie rod, and finishing measurement.
In this embodiment, the allowable range of the toe-in value is 0 to 2 mm.
The commercial vehicle toe measurement method can quickly, simply and accurately realize the measurement of the vehicle toe, does not need to adopt special equipment, has low requirement on operators, reduces the cost and is beneficial to wide popularization.
In specific implementation, the following measurement preparations can be used to simplify the measurement process and improve the accuracy of the measurement result:
1) adjusting the tire air pressures of the two steered wheels 100 to the same value; the tread 11 and sidewalls 12 of the tire should be intact; the measuring field should be as flat as possible.
2) Preparing a measuring tool: a wire 30 for detecting whether the vehicle is being set; a steel tape for distance measurement; a height gauge for assisting in making contour lines 101; a square 20 to assist in reference location; a marker pen for drawing a contour line 101, a reference position, and a reference circle 103; pipe tongs and a wrench for adjusting the tie rod.
3) Reducing the friction of the wheel with the ground: because wheel and ground directly have frictional force, lead to when the wheel angle needs to be adjusted in the wheel alignment, the wheel can receive the resistance, and often can reply towards the original position after the adjustment, need adjust repeatedly just, has not only reduced measurement of efficiency, still influences measurement accuracy, consequently can take following several kinds of modes to solve above-mentioned problem: a. directly smearing butter or other lubricating grease between the tire and the ground; b. preparing two aluminum foil papers, padding the two aluminum foil papers at the bottom of the wheel, and smearing grease or other lubricating grease between the two aluminum foil papers; c. preparing two nylon plates or metal plates, padding the nylon plates or metal plates at the bottom of the wheel, and smearing grease or other lubricating grease between the two nylon plates or between the two metal plates; that is, resistance in wheel yaw is reduced by reducing the coefficient of friction between the wheel and the ground.
4) In step S41, the horizontal height of the wire 30 should be the same as the height of the center of the steering wheel 100, or as close as possible to the height of the center of the steering wheel 100, so as to improve the accuracy of the measurement result; the cords 30 are as free of patterns and text as possible where they contact the tire to eliminate the effects of the patterns and text. During specific implementation, before formal measurement, the jack is used for supporting the axle, the tire is rotated to a proper position, and no patterns or characters exist at the position where the cord 30 is in contact with the tire.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for measuring the toe-in of a commercial vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: drawing contour lines (101) on the front end of the tread (11) and the side wall (12) and the rear end of the tread (11) and the side wall (12) of each steering wheel (100), wherein the contour lines (101) of the two steering wheels (100) are located at the same height;
s2: fitting a square (20) on a certain contour line (101), wherein a handle part (21) of the square (20) is fitted with the tire side (12), and a scale part (22) of the square (20) is fitted with the tire tread (11);
s3: selecting one scale of a scale part (22) of the square (20) as a reference scale, wherein the position corresponding to the reference scale on the contour line (101) is set as a reference position; the reference positions of the front end and the rear end of one steering wheel (100) are respectively a point A and a point C, and the reference positions of the front end and the rear end of the other steering wheel (100) are respectively a point B and a point D;
s4: the wheel is straightened, and the distance AB between the point A and the point B and the distance CD between the point C and the point D are measured;
s5: calculating to obtain a toe-in value of the vehicle as CD-AB;
in step S4, the wheel alignment specifically includes the following steps:
s41: preparing two cords (30), and straightening the two cords (30) horizontally to make the cords parallel to a longitudinal central axis (102) of the vehicle;
s42: the two wire ropes (30) are horizontally close to the vehicle from two sides of the vehicle respectively until the two wire ropes are contacted with a middle axle wheel (200) of the vehicle;
s43: rotating a steering wheel (300) and finely adjusting the wire rope (30) at any time to ensure that the wire rope (30) is in contact with the rear side of the steering wheel (100) while keeping contact with the middle axle wheel (200);
s44: measuring a lateral spacing L between one of the cords (30) and a forwardmost end of the respective side steering wheel (100)1Another of said cords (30) being associated with a respective side of said cordThe transverse distance between the foremost ends of the steering wheels (100) is L2(ii) a When both of the steering wheels (100) are positioned between the two wire ropes (30), and L1＝L2When in use, the wheels are straightened.
2. The method of measuring toe of a commercial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the grip portions (21) of the square (20) are each fitted to a sidewall (12) outside the steering wheel (100).
3. The method of measuring toe of a commercial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the grip portions (21) of the square (20) are each fitted to a sidewall (12) inside the steering wheel (100).
4. The method for measuring the toe of a commercial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein in step S2: when the square (20) is respectively attached to the contour lines (101) at the front end and the rear end of the same steering wheel (100), the free ends of the handle parts (21) of the square (20) are positioned on the same virtual circle with the center of the steering wheel (100) as the center of circle.
5. Method for measuring the toe of a commercial vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the line connecting the front and rear reference positions of the same steering wheel (100) is parallel to the sidewall (12); the connecting line of the front and rear reference positions of the two steering wheels (100) is distributed symmetrically relative to the longitudinal central axis (102) of the vehicle when the wheels are aligned.
6. A commercial vehicle toe measurement method according to claim 4, wherein the virtual circles of the two steered wheels (100) are symmetrically distributed with respect to a longitudinal mid-axis (102) of the vehicle when the wheels are aligned.
7. The measuring method of a toe of a commercial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a horizontal height of the wire (30) is the same as a height of a center of the steering wheel (100) at step S41.
8. The method for measuring the toe of a commercial vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
s6: if the toe-in value is not in the allowable range, the tie rod of the steering wheel (100) needs to be adjusted, and the steps S4-S6 are repeated after the adjustment until the toe-in value is in the allowable range;
s7: and locking the steering tie rod, and finishing measurement.
9. A commercial vehicle toe measurement method according to claim 8, wherein the allowable range of toe values is 0-2 mm.
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