CN112029496B - Fluorescent array sensor for distinguishing and detecting metal ions and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fluorescent array sensor for distinguishing and detecting metal ions and a preparation method thereof. The invention utilizes the characteristics of porous and multiple luminescence centers of a metal-organic framework material, and takes each luminescence center as a sensing unit to construct a fluorescent array sensor with a plurality of sensing units; introducing green or yellow dye with fluorescent response to metal ions and rare earth ions into a pore channel of a metal-organic framework material; the fluorescent array sensor comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 98-99.99% of metal-organic framework material, 0.005-1% of dye and 0.005-1% of rare earth ions. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1. preparing a metal-organic framework material; 2. loading of dye or rare earth ions. By constructing the array sensor in a single material, the problems of complex design and poor selectivity of the traditional specific sensor are solved, and the preparation and detection cost is reduced. In addition, the fluorescent array sensor can be used for rapidly, efficiently and accurately distinguishing metal ions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of array sensing, in particular to a fluorescent array sensor for distinguishing and detecting metal ions and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Excessive metal ions in the aqueous solution not only cause great pollution to the ecological environment, but also can be accumulated in the human body through a biological chain, thereby causing great threat to human health. More and more diseases have been found in recent years to be associated with metal ions. Therefore, the demand for convenient, efficient and sensitive metal ion detection equipment is increasing.
Existing methods for detecting metal ions include inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, and the like. These methods, while capable of achieving high accuracy, all require expensive equipment and cumbersome operations, and are less suitable for on-site, rapid, portable testing. At present, many other relatively portable sensors are developed, such as those based on fluorescence detection, absorption detection, electrochemical detection, etc., but these sensors are designed based on a "key-lock" model, and are designed with high precision and specificity for the detected object. These conventional specific designs are not only difficult to prepare but also have low detection efficiency, and require the design of a corresponding probe for each analyte.
The array sensing method utilizes the cross reaction between the sensing unit and the analyte by constructing a series of sensing units, and can realize the differentiation of various similar substances without the need of high-specificity design. The fluorescent probe is widely applied due to the characteristics of rapidness, accuracy, simplicity and high efficiency, and is suitable for real-time in-situ detection, but the synthesis of a plurality of combined array sensing units is complex in preparation and high in detection cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a fluorescent array sensor for detecting metal ions in a differentiated manner and a method for manufacturing the same.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fluorescent array sensor for distinguishing and detecting metal ions is constructed by taking the characteristics of porous and multiple luminescence centers of a metal-organic framework material and taking each luminescence center as a sensing unit, and is used for distinguishing and detecting the metal ions. The metal-organic framework material has a long-range ordered crystal structure and regular pore channels, and green light or yellow light dye and luminescent rare earth ions which have fluorescent response to metal ions are introduced into the pore channels, so that the fluorescent array sensor for distinguishing and detecting the metal ions can be obtained. The fluorescent array sensor comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 98-99.99% of metal-organic framework material, 0.005-1% of dye and 0.005-1% of rare earth ions.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the fluorescent array sensor for distinguishing and detecting the metal ions, which comprises the following steps:
step one, preparation of metal-organic framework material
According to the actual situation, the metal salt hydrate and the aromatic carboxylic acid ligand are mixed and dissolved in the organic solvent according to the proper mass ratio to obtain the mixed solution, the concentration range of the metal salt is 0.001M-0.1M, and the concentration range of the aromatic carboxylic acid ligand is 0.001-0.1M. And (3) ultrasonically stirring and dissolving the mixed solution, transferring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle, heating and reacting for 1-3 days at 100-130 ℃, centrifuging, washing and drying the obtained product to obtain the metal-organic framework material.
Step two, loading of dye or rare earth ion
And (3) placing the metal-organic framework material prepared in the step one in a reaction container filled with an organic solvent, wherein the concentration range of the metal-organic framework material is 1-5 mg/mL. Then adding green or yellow dye with fluorescent response to metal ions and rare earth salt, wherein the final concentration ranges of the dye and the rare earth ions are respectively 10-4～10-5M、10-3～10-4And M. And then placing the reaction container in an oven at 60-80 ℃ for 24h, washing with an organic solvent, and drying to obtain the fluorescent array sensor for distinguishing and detecting metal ions.
In the above technical solution, further, the metal salt hydrate is an aluminum salt hydrate, a zinc salt hydrate, or a zirconium salt hydrate.
Further, the aluminum salt hydrate is aluminum chloride hexahydrate or aluminum nitrate nonahydrate; the zinc salt hydrate is one of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, zinc acetate dihydrate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate and the like; the zirconium salt hydrate is one of zirconium chloride, zirconium oxychloride octahydrate and the like.
Further, in the first step, the aromatic carboxylic acid ligand is 2,2' -bipyridine-5, 5' -dicarboxylic acid, 4' - [ (2,2' -bipyridine) -5,5' -diyl ] dibenzoic acid or 2- (4-carboxyphenyl) -5-pyridinecarboxylic acid.
Further, the organic solvent in the first step and the second step is one or a mixture of several of N, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1' 4-dioxane, methanol, ethanol or acetone.
Further, the green or yellow dye having a fluorescent response to the metal ion in the second step is 3,3 '-diethyloxacarbocyanine iodine, coumarin 6 or 3,3' -di-n-pentylthiocarbocyanine iodine.
Further, the rare earth salt in the second step is europium nitrate hexahydrate, terbium nitrate hexahydrate, dysprosium nitrate hexahydrate or samarium nitrate hexahydrate.
The fluorescent array sensor for distinguishing and detecting metal ions can be used as a probe for distinguishing and detecting various metal ions.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, different fluorescent sensing elements, organic ligands, dye molecules and rare earth ions are integrated in a metal-organic framework material, the preparation of the fluorescent array sensor can be completed by using a hydrothermal method and a later-stage soaking method, the construction method is simple, no complex procedure is needed, and the preparation cost is greatly reduced.
2. Compared with other complexes, compounds or macromolecules, the metal-organic framework material has a long-range ordered framework structure and pore channels, dye molecules are introduced into the pore channels to avoid molecular aggregation quenching, and ligands in the metal-organic framework material can be used for sensitizing rare earth ions to emit light. Therefore, the metal-organic framework material is a very ideal platform for constructing the multicolor luminescent material.
3. The invention introduces array sensing into a metal-organic framework material, and realizes the distinguishing detection of various metal ions by mode identification by utilizing the principle of cross reaction and a data analysis method. The defects that the traditional metal-organic framework sensing material is based on a key-lock model, the specific design is difficult, and the similarity is difficult to distinguish are overcome.
4. The invention also realizes the construction of the fluorescent array sensor in a single material, improves the integration level of the sensor, and the single array material only needs to test each analyte once, thereby greatly reducing the test cost, improving the detection efficiency and being beneficial to the miniaturization development of the array sensor.
5. The fluorescent array sensor of the invention realizes 100% discrimination of 5 metal ions under the concentration of 60 mu M by using the combination of different sensing elements which respond to the metal ions, and has high detection efficiency and accurate and reliable result.
6. The fluorescent array sensor can construct various fluorescent array sensors due to the diversity of metal-organic framework materials, dye molecules and rare earth ions and the combination change of the three substances, so that the fluorescent array sensor can be extended to the distinguishing detection of more similar substances, such as the application in the aspects of environment detection, production and living and biomedicine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the material synthesis and structure of a metal-organic framework material fluorescent array sensor loaded with dye and rare earth ions in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an emission spectrum of a fluorescent array sensor for discriminating detection of metal ions in example 1 of the present invention under ultraviolet excitation;
FIG. 3 is a typical view obtained by linear discriminant analysis after five metal ions are detected by the fluorescence array sensor for discriminating and detecting metal ions in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without inventive changes based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Example 1:
75mg of aluminum chloride hexahydrate and 75mg of 2,2 '-bipyridine-5, 5' -dicarboxylic acid are respectively dissolved in 5mL and 7.5mL of DMF, ultrasonic treatment is respectively carried out for 30min, then mixing and magnetic stirring are carried out for 30min, the obtained mixed solution is displaced into a 20mL polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, and the reaction is carried out in an oven at 120 ℃ for 24 h. Naturally cooling to room temperature, and washing with DMF for three times to obtain the metal-organic framework material.
Adding 20mg of metal-organic framework material into a small glass bottle filled with 10mL of methanol, and adding 3,3' -diethyl oxacarbocyanine iodine dye and europium nitrate hexahydrate with the concentrations of 1 × 10-5、10-4And M. And (3) placing the glass bottle in an oven at 60 ℃ for 24h, cooling to room temperature, and washing with methanol for three times to obtain the fluorescent array sensor.
As shown in FIG. 2, under the excitation of ultraviolet light, the aqueous solution of the material presents three luminescence centers, which correspond to organic ligands (420nm), dye molecules (520nm) and Eu respectively3+Emission (614 nm). The synthetic dye and the metal-organic framework material loaded by the rare earth ions are dispersed in different metal ion 60 mu M aqueous solutions, each luminescence center has different degrees of response to different metal ions, therefore, three-dimensional data can be obtained, and the data processing can be carried out on Ag by utilizing a linear discriminant analysis method+、Cu2+、Fe3+、Co2+、Ni2+Accurate discrimination of 100% was achieved for the five metal ions (see in particular fig. 3).
Example 2:
56mg of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and 64mg of 2,2 '-bipyridine-5, 5' -dicarboxylic acid were dissolved in 15mL of DMA, and after sonication for 10min, the resulting mixed solution was transferred to a 20mL polytetrafluoroethylene reaction vessel and placed in an oven at 130 ℃ for reaction for 48 hours. Naturally cooling to room temperature, and washing with DMA for three times to obtain the metal-organic framework material.
Adding 30mg of metal-organic framework material into a small glass bottle filled with 10mL of DMA, and adding coumarin 6 and europium nitrate hexahydrate with the concentrations of 2X 10-5、2×10-4And M. And (3) placing the glass bottle in an oven at 65 ℃ for 36h, cooling to room temperature, and washing with DMA for three times to obtain the fluorescent array sensor.
Ultraviolet lightUnder excitation, the aqueous solution of the material presents three luminescence centers which respectively correspond to an organic ligand (413nm), a dye molecule (540nm) and Eu3+Emission (614 nm). The synthetic dye and the metal-organic framework material loaded by the rare earth ions are dispersed in different metal ion 70 mu M aqueous solutions, each luminescence center has different degrees of response to different metal ions, therefore, three-dimensional data can be obtained, and the linear discriminant analysis method is utilized to carry out data processing, so that Zn can be treated2+、Cu2+、Fe3+、Mn2 +、Cd2+The five metal ions realize 100% accurate distinction.
Example 3:
62mg of zirconium chloride and 40mg of 4,4' - [ (2,2' -bipyridine) -5,5' -diyl ] dibenzoic acid were dissolved in 12mL of DMF, and after sonication for 10min, 2mL of ethanol was added, and the resulting mixed solution was transferred to a 20mL polytetrafluoroethylene reaction vessel and placed in an oven at 100 ℃ for reaction for 72 hours. Naturally cooling to room temperature, and washing with DMF for three times to obtain the metal-organic framework material.
Adding 25mg of metal-organic framework material into a small glass bottle filled with 10mL of DMF (dimethyl formamide), and adding coumarin 6 and samarium nitrate hexahydrate with the concentrations of 1 x 10 respectively-5、6×10-4And M. And (3) placing the glass bottle in an oven at 70 ℃ for 36h, cooling to room temperature, and washing with DMF for three times to obtain the fluorescent array sensor.
Under the excitation of ultraviolet light, the aqueous solution of the material presents three luminescence centers which respectively correspond to an organic ligand (430nm), dye molecules (535nm) and Eu3+Emission (597 nm). The synthetic dye and the metal-organic framework material loaded by the rare earth ions are dispersed in different metal ion 60 mu M aqueous solutions, each luminescence center has different degrees of response to different metal ions, therefore, three-dimensional data can be obtained, and the data processing can be carried out by utilizing a linear discriminant analysis method to Pb2+、Cr3+、Ni2+、Mn2+The four metal ions achieve 100% accurate discrimination.
Claims (9)
1. A fluorescent array sensor for differentially detecting metal ions, comprising: constructing a fluorescent array sensor with a plurality of sensing units by taking each luminescence center as a sensing unit according to the characteristics of porous and multiple luminescence centers of a metal-organic framework material; the metal-organic framework material has a long-range ordered crystal structure and regular pore channels, and green light or yellow light dye and rare earth ions which have fluorescence response to metal ions are introduced into the pore channels, so that the fluorescent array sensor for distinguishing and detecting the metal ions can be obtained; the fluorescent array sensor comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 98-99.99% of metal-organic framework material, 0.005-1% of dye and 0.005-1% of rare earth ions; the composition of the fluorescent array sensor comprises the following three conditions: the metal-organic framework material is prepared from aluminum chloride hexahydrate and 2,2' -bipyridine-5, 5' -dicarboxylic acid, the organic dye is 3,3' -diethyloxacarbocyanine iodine, and the rare earth ion is europium; the metal-organic framework material is prepared from zinc nitrate hexahydrate and 2,2 '-bipyridine-5, 5' -dicarboxylic acid, the organic dye is coumarin 6, and the rare earth ions are europium; the metal-organic framework material is prepared from zirconium chloride and 4,4' - [ (2,2' -bipyridyl) -5,5' -diyl ] dibenzoic acid, the organic dye is coumarin 6, and the rare earth ion is samarium.
2. A method of making a fluorescent array sensor for the differential detection of metal ions according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step one, preparation of metal-organic framework material
Mixing and dissolving a metal salt hydrate and an aromatic carboxylic acid ligand in an organic solvent to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the concentration range of the metal salt is 0.001-0.1M, and the concentration range of the aromatic carboxylic acid ligand is 0.001-0.1M; then, ultrasonically stirring and dissolving the mixed solution, transferring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle, heating and reacting for 1-3 days at 100-130 ℃, centrifuging, washing and drying the obtained product to obtain a metal-organic framework material;
step two, loading of dye or rare earth ion
Placing the metal-organic framework material prepared in the step one in a container filled with organic substancesIn a reaction container of a solvent, the concentration range of the metal organic framework material is 1-5 mg/mL; then adding green or yellow dye with fluorescent response to metal ions and rare earth salt, wherein the final concentration ranges of the dye and the rare earth ions are respectively 10-4～10-5M、10-3～10-4M; and then placing the reaction container in an oven at 60-80 ℃ for 24h, washing with an organic solvent, and drying to obtain the fluorescent array sensor for distinguishing and detecting metal ions.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the fluorescent array sensor is prepared by: the hydrate of the metallic salt in the step one is aluminum salt hydrate, zinc salt hydrate or zirconium salt hydrate.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the fluorescent array sensor is prepared by: the aluminum salt hydrate is aluminum chloride hexahydrate or aluminum nitrate nonahydrate; the zinc salt hydrate is zinc nitrate hexahydrate, zinc acetate dihydrate or zinc sulfate heptahydrate; the zirconium salt hydrate is zirconium chloride or zirconium oxychloride octahydrate.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the fluorescent array sensor is prepared by: the aromatic carboxylic acid ligand in the first step is 2,2' -bipyridyl-5, 5' -dicarboxylic acid, 4' - [ (2,2' -bipyridyl) -5,5' -diyl ] dibenzoic acid or 2- (4-carboxyphenyl) -5-pyridine formate.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the fluorescent array sensor is prepared by: the organic solvent in the first step and the second step is one or a mixture of N, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1', 4-dioxane, methanol, ethanol or acetone.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein the fluorescent array sensor is prepared by: the green light or yellow light dye with fluorescent response to the metal ions in the step two is 3,3 '-diethyl oxacarbocyanine iodine, coumarin 6 or 3,3' -di-n-pentylthiocarbocyanine iodine.
8. The method of claim 2, wherein the fluorescent array sensor is prepared by: and the rare earth salt in the second step is europium nitrate hexahydrate, terbium nitrate hexahydrate, dysprosium nitrate hexahydrate or samarium nitrate hexahydrate.
9. The fluorescence array sensor for distinguishing and detecting metal ions of claim 1, wherein the fluorescence array sensor can be used as a probe for distinguishing and detecting a plurality of metal ions.
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