CN112028568B - Underwater non-diffusion concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Underwater non-diffusion concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112028568B CN112028568B CN202010795977.2A CN202010795977A CN112028568B CN 112028568 B CN112028568 B CN 112028568B CN 202010795977 A CN202010795977 A CN 202010795977A CN 112028568 B CN112028568 B CN 112028568B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- concrete
- water
- parts
- cement
- stirring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/14—Waste materials; Refuse from metallurgical processes
- C04B18/146—Silica fume
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
- C04B22/08—Acids or salts thereof
- C04B22/12—Acids or salts thereof containing halogen in the anion
- C04B22/124—Chlorides of ammonium or of the alkali or alkaline earth metals, e.g. calcium chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/12—Nitrogen containing compounds organic derivatives of hydrazine
- C04B24/122—Hydroxy amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/74—Underwater applications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The invention discloses underwater non-diffusion concrete and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of concrete, wherein the underwater non-diffusion concrete is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 450 parts of cement 410-; the method has the advantage of inhibiting the generation of the phenomenon of concrete saltpetering without diffusing underwater.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of concrete, in particular to underwater non-diffusion concrete and a preparation method thereof.
Background
So far, concrete is still one of the most dominant and used building materials in underwater engineering, and the performance of concrete will directly affect the quality and progress of underwater engineering.
The traditional underwater construction method of concrete generally comprises two types, one is that water is drained after cofferdam is formed, the construction of the concrete is the same as that of land, and the defects of large construction amount, high construction cost, long construction period and the like exist; the other is to separate the concrete from the environmental water by using special construction machines and tools, and directly send the concrete mixture to the underwater engineering part, mainly including a conduit method, a pre-filled aggregate grouting method, a mold bag method, a bottom opening container method and the like. The construction methods enable concrete mixtures to be easily scoured by water to cause serious segregation of materials, loss of cement, reduction of concrete quality and environmental pollution; therefore, the underwater undispersed concrete is produced, when the underwater undispersed concrete is applied to a building bridge or a dam, after the concrete pouring is finished, a part of concrete is positioned above a horizontal plane, and a part of concrete is positioned below the horizontal plane, and when the underwater undispersed concrete is applied to a region with large day-night temperature difference, the concrete undergoes the change of air temperature from zero to zero in the solidification process, so that the underwater undispersed concrete is easy to have a serious saltpetering phenomenon.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the first object of the invention is to provide the underwater non-diffusion concrete which has the advantage of inhibiting the occurrence of the saltpetering phenomenon of the underwater non-diffusion concrete.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of underwater non-diffusion concrete, which has the advantages of simple preparation and easy production.
In order to achieve the first object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the underwater non-diffusion concrete is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 450 parts of cement 410-.
By adopting the technical scheme, in the process of temperature change, as the freezing point of water is 0 degree, when the temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the water surface is frozen, the concrete is solidified for a longer time in the environment with lower temperature, when the concrete is not solidified, water molecules in the concrete can be frozen in the concrete, and the water molecules in the concrete exist in the concrete pores, when the water molecules are frozen and expand in volume, the diameter of the concrete pores is enlarged, when the temperature is warmed up, the temperature of the water surface rises, ice in the concrete is melted into water, and the pore diameter in the concrete is enlarged, therefore, water molecules move to the surface of the concrete more easily through the pores, and calcium hydroxide generated in the hydration process of cement in the concrete is driven by the water molecules to move towards the surface of the concrete more easily along with the evaporation of water vapor, so that the condition that the surface of the concrete is efflorescent is more serious finally.
The concrete base material is prepared by proportionally mixing cement, sand, stones and water, and then the silica fume, the flocculating agent and the water reducing agent are added on the basis, and the concrete has a good underwater non-diffusion effect due to the cooperation of the silica fume, the flocculating agent and the water reducing agent, wherein the flocculating agent is used as a main agent to enable the concrete slurry to be better combined with the silica fume by improving the viscosity of the slurry, so that the pores among cement particles are filled; the water reducing agent is added to reduce the water absorption of the concrete, so that the water consumption is reduced, the water molecule content in the cement pores is reduced, and the water molecules are not easy to drive the calcium hydroxide to move towards the surface of the concrete, so that the occurrence of the surface efflorescence phenomenon of the concrete is avoided; and the water reducing agent can also improve the frost resistance, the early strength and the later strength of the concrete.
The silica fume has good filling property and can be fully filled among cement particles, so that the compactness of slurry is improved, and the pores among the cement particles are reduced; the air entraining agent is added to fill the concrete pores with stable gas, the cooperation of the silica fume and the air entraining agent can realize the maximum filling of the cement pores, reduce the moisture content in the pores, avoid water icing to enlarge the pore diameter, and further avoid the phenomenon that the water molecules carry calcium hydroxide to move to the concrete surface to generate efflorescence.
The silica fume contains a large amount of silicon dioxide, the silicon dioxide reacts with calcium hydroxide to generate calcium silicate, the calcium silicate is insoluble in water, and calcium silicate precipitates are left in the concrete, so that the phenomenon that the calcium hydroxide moves towards the surface of the concrete along with water molecules to generate saltpetering is avoided; the addition of the ammonium chloride can reduce the content of calcium hydroxide substances in the cement and the freezing point of water molecules, the ammonium chloride reacts with the calcium hydroxide to generate calcium chloride, ammonia and water, so that the content of the calcium hydroxide in the cement is reduced, the cooperation of the ammonium chloride and the silica fume can reduce the content of the calcium hydroxide generated in the hydration process of the cement, so that the calcium hydroxide is prevented from moving along with the water molecules, and the generation of a whiskering phenomenon is avoided in the direction of reducing the content of the calcium hydroxide; the condensation point of water can be reduced to the calcium chloride that the reaction produced simultaneously for the hydrone is difficult for solidifying under low temperature environment, and the ammonia is easily dissolved in water and is generated the aqueous ammonia, and the condensation point of aqueous ammonia is also very low, thereby can avoid the hydrone to freeze expansion concrete hole, makes the hydrone be difficult for taking the calcium hydroxide to the concrete surface through avoiding expanding concrete hole, finally avoids the emergence of whiskering phenomenon.
The added triethanolamine can enhance the compactness of concrete, reduce water molecules staying in pores, and triethanolamine molecules are adsorbed on the surface of cement particles to form a layer of hydrophilic film with charges, and the hydrophilic film can seal and lock the water molecules in the water film, so that the water molecules are prevented from moving.
Further, the flocculant is polyacrylamide.
By adopting the technical scheme, the polyacrylamide can fill the pores, so that the permeability of concrete is reduced, and the combination of the polyacrylamide and the water reducing agent can prevent water in the external environment from damaging the concrete through the pores of the concrete; the combination of the polyacrylamide and the rust inhibitor can improve the chemical corrosion resistance of the silicate cement hydration product; the polyacrylamide can also enhance the interlayer bonding strength and improve the durability, so that the bonding effect among the sand, the stones, the cement and the silica fume is better, and the pores among the cement particles are reduced.
Further, the water reducing agent is a naphthalene-based high-efficiency water reducing agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the naphthalene-based superplasticizer is a chemically synthesized non-air-entraining superplasticizer, and has a strong dispersing effect on cement particles; in the normal cement concrete construction mixing process, after water is added into cement, the cement can generate a flocculent structure immediately, and the structure internally contains a lot of water; the naphthalene-based high-efficiency water reducing agent is added, so that on one hand, the naphthalene-based high-efficiency water reducing agent is attached to the surface of cement particles to block the contact interface between the cement particles and water, and on the other hand, a certain amount of water molecules are adsorbed by the hydrophilic end of the naphthalene-based high-efficiency water reducing agent, so that the naphthalene-based high-efficiency water reducing agent can lubricate the cement particles and is easier to disperse; the hydrophilic groups are negatively charged, and after the hydrophilic groups are adsorbed on the surfaces of the cement particles, the cement particles are also negatively charged, so that mutual repulsion is realized, the cement particles are more dispersed, the water consumption is reduced, and the fluidity of cement concrete is improved.
Further, the air entraining agent is sodium abietate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the sodium abietate is generated by chemical reaction of rosin and a sodium hydroxide solution under the heating condition, countless fine bubbles can be generated when the sodium abietate is used as an air entraining agent and added into concrete, and finally, concrete pores are sealed to form a closed space, so that a water molecule flow channel is blocked, and the phenomenon that calcium hydroxide is driven by water molecules to move to the surface of the concrete and reacts with carbon dioxide in the air to cause efflorescence is avoided; the friction force of a concrete system can be reduced by matching the sodium abietate with the triethanolamine, so that the concrete is more compact during stirring; meanwhile, sodium abietate is taken as an anionic surfactant, a hydrophilic group is adsorbed on the hole wall, a hydrophobic group faces outwards, the hydrophilic group inside the concrete can form a water film, water molecules are prevented from flowing in the holes inside the concrete, the hydrophobic group on the surface of the concrete can play a hydrophobic role, and the concrete can have high impermeability.
Further, the rust inhibitor includes calcium nitrite.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride reaction generate calcium chloride, and calcium chloride is one kind of chloride, and chloride ion in the chloride can see through the concrete and reach the reinforcing bar surface, destroys reinforcing bar surface oxide passive film, and when the reinforcing bar met calcium chloride ion and erode, the reinforcing bar will rust rapidly and ageing, and the reinforcing bar will irregularly fracture, and the concrete is also ftractureed simultaneously, has influenced the intensity of itself and the quality of whole building.
Nitrite ions can oxidize ferrous ions into stable ferric iron oxides, so that the ferric iron oxides are adsorbed on the surface of the steel bar to form a stable indissolvable passivation film, the passivation film has a layered structure, and an internal amorphous ferrous oxide enrichment layer gradually transits to an external crystalline ferric oxide enrichment layer, so that fewer pores and the formation of a more compact oxide passivation film are promoted, and the corrosion of calcium chloride to the steel bar is avoided.
Further, the silica fume is ultrafine silica powder formed when the silica ore is smelted.
By adopting the technical scheme, the superfine silicon dioxide powder is selected to ensure that the silicon dioxide and the calcium hydroxide are easier to fill in the pores, so that the calcium hydroxide and the silicon dioxide react more thoroughly.
In order to achieve the second object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the preparation method of the underwater non-diffusion concrete comprises the following steps:
s1, stirring the sand and the stones for 25S to obtain a mixture A;
s2, stirring the cement, the polyacrylamide, the triethanolamine and the ammonium chloride, uniformly mixing, pouring into the mixture A prepared in the S1, adding water with the total amount of the silica fume and the water being 3/5, continuously stirring, and stirring for 2min to prepare a mixture B;
and S3, adding the air entraining agent, the rust inhibitor, the flocculating agent, the water reducing agent and water with the residual water content of 2/5 into the mixture B, and stirring for 1min to obtain the underwater non-diffusion concrete mixture.
By adopting the technical scheme, the sand and the stone are mixed and stirred uniformly, and then the cement, the polyacrylamide, the triethanolamine and the ammonium chloride are added, so that when the cement is hydrated, the sand and the stone can be uniformly wrapped, the improvement of the anti-dispersion property of the concrete is facilitated, the addition of the triethanolamine and the ammonium chloride is facilitated, the reduction of the content of calcium hydroxide substances in the concrete is facilitated, meanwhile, the freezing point of water can be reduced, and the water in the pores of the concrete is not easy to condense into ice in a low-temperature environment; s2, adding the silica fume and water into the mixture A, enabling the water to contact with the cement, enabling the cement to hydrate immediately, and ensuring the fluidity of the concrete mixture; s3, adding an air entraining agent, a rust inhibitor, a flocculating agent, a water reducing agent and the remaining water into the mixture B, further improving the cohesiveness and the dispersibility of the concrete mixture, and ensuring the fluidity and the compactness of the concrete mixture; the underwater non-dispersive concrete manufactured by the steps can be used in an environment with large temperature difference, the efflorescence phenomenon is avoided, and meanwhile, the underwater non-dispersive concrete also has good dispersibility resistance, fluidity, compactness, and strong early strength and later strength.
Further, the stirring speed in S1, S2 and S3 is 100-250 r/min.
By adopting the technical scheme, the polyacrylamide can be uniformly dispersed into the suspension by stirring, so that the high-efficiency flocculation effect is achieved, and if the stirring speed is too high, the formed floccules are cracked, so that the consumption of the polyacrylamide is increased, and the flocculation effect is reduced.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the silica fume reacts with the calcium hydroxide to generate calcium carbonate, the calcium carbonate is left in the concrete, and the calcium carbonate is not compatible with water and can not move towards the surface of the concrete along with water molecules to generate a phenomenon of saltpetering; the silica fume has smaller grain size and good filling property, and can be fully filled among cement particles, thereby improving the compactness of slurry and reducing pores among the cement particles; the air entraining agent can fill the cement pores with stable gas, the cooperation of the silica fume and the air entraining agent can realize the maximum filling of the cement pores, reduce the water content in the pores, and avoid the water icing to enlarge the pore diameter, thereby avoiding the phenomenon that the water molecules carry calcium hydroxide to move to the surface of the concrete to generate the efflorescence;
2. the ammonium chloride reacts with the calcium hydroxide to generate calcium chloride, ammonia and water, and the addition of the ammonium chloride can reduce the content of the calcium hydroxide in the cement, prevent water molecules from driving the calcium hydroxide to move in pores and avoid the generation of a whiskering phenomenon from the direction of reducing the content of the calcium hydroxide; on the other hand, the calcium chloride generated by the reaction can reduce the freezing point of water, so that water molecules are not easy to freeze at low temperature, and meanwhile, ammonia gas is easy to dissolve in water to generate ammonia water, so that the water content in pores is reduced, the freezing point of the ammonia water is low, the ammonia water is not easy to freeze in the pores due to the low-temperature environment, so that the expansion of the pores of concrete can be avoided, the water molecules are not easy to bring the calcium hydroxide to the surface of the concrete by avoiding the expansion of the pores of the concrete, and finally, the occurrence of a whiskering phenomenon is avoided;
3. triethanolamine is a surfactant, is added into cement concrete and is used as a catalyst to accelerate the hydration of C3S and the formation of ettringite in the cement hydration process, the early strength of the cement can be improved by matching the triethanolamine with calcium chloride, and the phenomenon of pore expansion when water is frozen can be avoided by improving the early strength.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below.
Examples
The sodium abietate used in the following examples was Zhengzhou Jiajie chemical Co., Ltd; the ammonium chloride is prepared from Henan Peiteng chemical company; triethanolamine is selected from Guangzhou Cuixin chemical industry Co.Ltd; the silica fume is produced by a Qiangdong mineral processing factory in Lingshou county, model 90; the polyacrylamide is selected from Jiangsu drip chemistry Co.Ltd; the naphthalene series high-efficiency water reducing agent is selected from Beijing mu lake building material sales Limited liability company, model number UNF-5.
Example 1: the underwater non-diffusion concrete is prepared by adopting the following method:
s1, weighing 430kg of cement, 845kg of sand, 900kg of stones, 205kg of water, 12.9kg of sodium abietate, 8kg of ammonium chloride, 2kg of triethanolamine, 2kg of calcium nitrite, 12kg of silica fume, 2kg of polyacrylamide and 2kg of naphthalene-based superplasticizer; the cement is P, O42.5 ordinary portland cement; the sand is medium sand, and the fineness modulus is 2.7-2.9; the stones are broken stones, and the particle size of the broken stones is 5-31.5 mm;
s2, placing the sand and the pebbles into a stirring kettle, and stirring at the speed of 150r/min for 25S to prepare a mixture A;
s3, placing cement, polyacrylamide, triethanolamine and ammonium chloride in a new stirrer, stirring at the speed of 150r/min for 5min, pouring the mixture into the mixture A prepared in the S1 after uniformly stirring, adding silica fume and 123kg of water, and continuously stirring at the speed of 150r/min for 2min to prepare a mixture B;
s4, adding sodium abietate, calcium nitrite, polyacrylamide, naphthalene-based superplasticizer and 82kg of water into the mixture B, and stirring at the speed of 180r/min for 1min to obtain the underwater non-diffusion concrete mixture.
Example 2: the underwater non-diffusion concrete is prepared by adopting the following method:
s1, weighing 410kg of cement, 830kg of sand, 870kg of stones, 200kg of water, 10kg of sodium abietate, 5kg of ammonium chloride, 1kg of triethanolamine, 1kg of calcium nitrite, 8kg of silica fume, 1kg of polyacrylamide and 1kg of naphthalene-based superplasticizer; the cement is P, O42.5 ordinary portland cement; the sand is medium sand, and the fineness modulus is 2.7-2.9; the stones are broken stones, and the particle size of the broken stones is 5-31.5 mm;
s2, placing the sand and the pebbles into a stirring kettle, and stirring at the speed of 100r/min for 25S to prepare a mixture A;
s3, placing cement, polyacrylamide, triethanolamine and ammonium chloride in a new stirrer, stirring at a speed of 100r/min for 5min, pouring the mixture into the mixture A prepared in the S1 after uniformly stirring, adding silica fume and 120kg of water, and continuously stirring at a speed of 100r/min for 2min to prepare a mixture B;
s4, adding sodium abietate, calcium nitrite, polyacrylamide, naphthalene-based superplasticizer and 80kg of water into the mixture B, and stirring at the speed of 100r/min for 1min to obtain the underwater non-diffusion concrete mixture.
Example 3: the underwater non-diffusion concrete is prepared by adopting the following method:
s1, weighing 450kg of cement, 860kg of sand, 920kg of stones, 210kg of water, 15kg of sodium abietate, 10kg of ammonium chloride, 5kg of triethanolamine, 5kg of calcium nitrite, 14kg of silica fume, 3kg of polyacrylamide and 3kg of naphthalene-based superplasticizer; the cement is P, O42.5 ordinary portland cement; the sand is medium sand, and the fineness modulus is 2.7-2.9; the stones are broken stones, and the particle size of the broken stones is 5-31.5 mm;
s2, placing the sand and the pebbles into a stirring kettle, and stirring at the speed of 200r/min for 25S to prepare a mixture A;
s3, placing cement, polyacrylamide, triethanolamine and ammonium chloride in a new stirrer, stirring for 5min at the speed of 220r/min, pouring into the mixture A prepared in S1 after uniformly stirring, adding silica fume and 126kg of water, and continuously stirring for 2min at the speed of 220r/min to prepare a mixture B;
s4, adding sodium abietate, calcium nitrite, polyacrylamide, naphthalene-based superplasticizer and 84kg of water into the mixture B, and stirring at the speed of 250r/min for 1min to obtain the underwater non-diffusion concrete mixture.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1 chinese patent application document No. CN108203278A discloses example 1 of a method for preparing underwater anti-dispersion concrete, which includes (by weight parts) taking 6 parts of portland cement, 1 part of fly ash, 1.5 parts of mineral powder, 0.5 part of metakaolin, 3 parts of pebble I, 4 parts of pebble II, 6 parts of pebble III, 3 parts of sand I, 2 parts of sand II, 0.1 part of flocculant, and 4 parts of water (each 1 kg); the particle size of the stone I is 10 mm; the particle size of the stone II is 7 mm; the particle size of the stone III is 5 mm; the particle size of the sand I is 3.5 mm; the particle size of the sand II is 1.5 mm; adding the portland cement, the fly ash, the mineral powder, the metakaolin, the pebble I, the pebble II, the pebble III, the sand I, the sand II and the flocculating agent which are weighed in the step I into water and uniformly mixing; thirdly, forming the product obtained in the second step; fourthly, the product obtained in the third step is maintained in water for 30 days with a free fall of 500mm to obtain the underwater anti-dispersion concrete.
Comparative example 2: this comparative example differs from example 1 in that no silica fume was added to the raw materials.
Comparative example 3: this comparative example differs from example 1 in that no ammonium chloride was added to the starting material.
Comparative example 4: the difference between the comparative example and example 1 is that the naphthalene superplasticizer and polyacrylamide were not added to the raw materials.
Comparative example 5: the comparative example is different from example 1 in that sodium abietate and triethanolamine were not added to the raw materials.
Comparative example 6: the difference between the comparative example and example 1 is that the naphthalene superplasticizer and sodium abietate were not added to the raw materials.
Performance test
1. Method for testing efflorescence condition in concrete solidification process
The method comprises the steps of preparing underwater non-diffusion concrete by adopting the methods of the embodiments 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-6 respectively, pouring under water, wherein the specification size of the poured concrete is a block of 30cm multiplied by 30cm, the top of each concrete is contacted with the external environment, the temperature of the poured concrete is guaranteed to be above-zero 4 ℃, after the concrete is solidified for 3 hours, the external environment temperature of the concrete is continuously solidified for 3 hours at below-zero 4 ℃, the temperature is heated to above-zero 4 ℃ for continuously solidifying for 6 hours, and after the concrete is solidified for 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours, the whiskering condition of the concrete is detected respectively.
Dividing the top of each concrete into 36 blocks by using a color pen marking method, wherein the specification size of each small concrete is a square of 5cm multiplied by 5cm, the area of the concrete is calculated at the position where whiskering occurs, and the calculation result is divided into a next stage;
stage I: the efflorescence area was 0, and no efflorescence occurred.
And II, stage: the efflorescence area is 0-50cm2。
Grade III: the efflorescence area is 50-150cm2。
IV stage: the efflorescence area is 150-450cm2。
And V stage: the efflorescence area is 450-900cm2。
2. Detection of water content in concrete setting process
Preparing underwater non-diffusion concrete by adopting the methods of the embodiments 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-6 respectively, pouring under water, wherein the specification size of the poured concrete is a block shape of 30mm multiplied by 30mm, the top of each concrete is 15mm higher than the horizontal plane and is in contact with the external environment, the temperature of the poured concrete is guaranteed to be 4 ℃ above zero, after the concrete is solidified for 3 hours, the external environment temperature of the concrete is continuously solidified for 3 hours at 4 ℃ below zero, and the temperature is heated to 4 ℃ above zero and is continuously solidified for 6 hours; and (3) smashing the solidified concrete block, drying the smashed concrete block in a drying oven at 105 ℃ for 2 hours, and detecting the water content of the concrete block by adopting a drying method in the GB7172-87 soil moisture determination method.
3. Concrete strength detection
The method comprises the steps of preparing underwater non-diffusion concrete by adopting the methods of the embodiments 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-6 respectively, pouring under water, wherein the specification size of the poured concrete is a block of 30cm multiplied by 30cm, the top of each concrete is contacted with the external environment, the temperature of the poured concrete is guaranteed to be above-zero 4 ℃, after the concrete is solidified for 3 hours, the external environment temperature of the concrete is continuously solidified for 3 hours at below-zero 4 ℃, and the concrete is continuously solidified for 6 hours after being warmed to above-zero 4 ℃.
The underwater compressive strength of the concrete prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 6 was determined using the GB/T50107-2010 concrete Strength test evaluation Standard.
Table 1 table for testing underwater non-diffusion concrete properties of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 6
According to the data in table 1, by comparing example 1 with comparative examples 1-6, the chinese patent application publication No. CN108203278A for comparative example 1 discloses a concrete block prepared from underwater anti-dispersion concrete, and the saltpetering grades of comparative example 1 are all stronger than the saltpetering grade of example 1 at 6h, 12h and 24h after solidification compared with example 1, which shows that, as time goes on, water molecules in the concrete prepared from ordinary portland cement move towards the surface with calcium hydroxide in the solidification process, thereby causing the phenomenon of saltpetering; and the water content of the concrete block of the comparative example 1 is higher than that of the concrete block of the example 1, and the strength of the concrete of the comparative example 1 is slightly lower than that of the concrete of the example 1, which shows that the concrete prepared by the application has the advantages of inhibiting the generation of the whiskering phenomenon, improving the early strength of the concrete and reducing the water content of the concrete, and the water content in the concrete is lower, so that the calcium hydroxide driven by water evaporation to move towards the surface of the concrete can be further avoided, and the generation of the whiskering phenomenon can be inhibited.
Compared with the concrete block prepared in the example 1, the scale of the concrete block prepared in the comparative example 1 is higher than that of the concrete block prepared in the example 1, which shows that the silica fume can react with calcium hydroxide to generate calcium silicate, and the calcium silicate is insoluble in water and precipitates in the concrete, so that in the process of water molecule evaporation, the water molecule can not drive the calcium hydroxide to move towards the surface of the concrete, thereby avoiding the scale; the concrete mass prepared in comparative example 2 having a water content higher than that of the concrete mass prepared in example 1 and the concrete mass prepared in comparative example 2 having a strength lower than that of the concrete mass prepared in example 1 show that the hydration product of silica fume can be filled in the pores to reduce the water content in the pores during the setting of cement and also to enhance the strength of concrete.
Compared with the example 1, the whiskering grade of the concrete block prepared in the comparative example 3 is higher than that of the concrete block prepared in the example 1, which shows that the ammonium chloride can react with the calcium hydroxide to generate calcium chloride, ammonia and water, the content of the calcium hydroxide in the concrete is consumed in the reaction process, the freezing point of the water can be reduced by the generated calcium chloride, and the ammonia gas generated in the reaction is easy to dissolve in the water to generate ammonia water, so that the water content in pores is reduced, the freezing point of the ammonia water is lower, and the ammonia water and the calcium chloride are not easy to freeze in the pores due to a low-temperature environment, so that the expansion of the pores of the concrete can be avoided, and the calcium hydroxide is not easy to bring to the surface of the concrete by avoiding the expansion of the pores of the concrete, and finally the whiskering phenomenon is avoided; the water content of the concrete mass prepared in comparative example 3 was higher than that of the concrete mass prepared in example 1, and the strength of the concrete mass prepared in comparative example 3 was lower than that of the concrete mass prepared in example 1, indicating that the addition of ammonium chloride can reduce the water content of the concrete mass and can also enhance the strength of the concrete.
Comparative example 4 the raw materials were not added with naphthalene based superplasticizer and polyacrylamide, and compared to example 1, the concrete block prepared in comparative example 4 had higher saltpetering grade than that of example 1, the concrete block prepared in comparative example 4 had higher water content than that of example 1, and the concrete block prepared in comparative example 4 had lower strength than that of example 1; the matching of the naphthalene-based superplasticizer and the polyacrylamide can reduce the water consumption on one hand, and the evaporated water is reduced due to the low water content, so that the phenomenon of efflorescence caused by the movement of calcium hydroxide towards the surface of concrete driven by water molecules is avoided.
Comparative example 5 no sodium abietate and triethanolamine were added to the raw materials, and compared to example 1, the concrete block prepared in comparative example 5 had a higher saltpetering grade than the concrete block prepared in example 1, the concrete block prepared in comparative example 5 had a higher water content than the concrete block prepared in example 1, and the concrete block prepared in comparative example 5 had a lower strength than the concrete block prepared in example 1; the sodium abietate can introduce stable gas into concrete pores, and the pores can be filled to the maximum extent by the cooperation of the sodium abietate and the triethanolamine, so that the content of water molecules in the pores is reduced, and the evaporated water in the solidification process is reduced under the condition of low water content, so that the generation of a whiskering phenomenon is inhibited; the introduction of the stabilizing gas can fill the pores, so that the strength of the concrete is increased.
Comparative example 6 no naphthalene based superplasticizer and sodium abietate were added to the raw materials, and compared to example 1, the crystalline bloom rating of the concrete block prepared in comparative example 6 was higher than that of the concrete block prepared in example 1, the water content of the concrete block prepared in comparative example 6 was higher than that of the concrete block prepared in example 1, and the strength of the concrete block prepared in comparative example 6 was lower than that of the concrete block prepared in example 1; the naphthalene-based superplasticizer reduces the water consumption, and simultaneously introduces stable gas into the pores by the air entraining agent, so that water molecules in the pores are quickly extruded out, and the combination of the naphthalene-based superplasticizer and the air entraining agent inhibits the concrete from whiskering, and improves the strength of the concrete.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The underwater non-diffusion concrete is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 450 parts of cement 410-containing material, 860 parts of sand 830-containing material, 920 parts of stone 870-containing material, 210 parts of water 200-containing material, 10-15 parts of air entraining agent, 5-10 parts of ammonium chloride, 1-5 parts of triethanolamine, 1-5 parts of rust inhibitor, 8-14 parts of silica fume, 1-3 parts of polyacrylamide and 1-3 parts of water reducing agent.
2. The underwater non-dispersive concrete according to claim 1, wherein the water reducer is a naphthalene based superplasticizer.
3. The underwater non-dispersive concrete according to claim 1, wherein the air entraining agent is sodium abietate.
4. The underwater non-dispersive concrete according to claim 1, wherein the rust inhibitor is calcium nitrite.
5. The underwater nondiffusion concrete of claim 1, wherein the silica fume is ultrafine silica powder formed when smelting silica-iron ore.
6. The method for preparing underwater non-dispersive concrete according to any of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
s1, stirring the sand and the stones for 25S to obtain a mixture A;
s2, stirring the cement, the ammonium chloride, the triethanolamine and the ammonium chloride, uniformly mixing, pouring into the mixture A prepared in the S1, adding water with the total amount of the silica fume and the water being 3/5, continuously stirring, and stirring for 2min to prepare a mixture B;
and S3, adding the air entraining agent, the rust inhibitor, the polyacrylamide, the water reducing agent and water with the residual water content of 2/5 into the mixture B, and stirring for 1min to obtain the underwater non-diffusion concrete mixture.
7. The method for preparing underwater non-dispersive concrete according to claim 6, wherein the stirring speed in S1, S2 and S3 is 100-250 r/min.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010795977.2A CN112028568B (en) | 2020-08-10 | 2020-08-10 | Underwater non-diffusion concrete and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010795977.2A CN112028568B (en) | 2020-08-10 | 2020-08-10 | Underwater non-diffusion concrete and preparation method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112028568A CN112028568A (en) | 2020-12-04 |
| CN112028568B true CN112028568B (en) | 2021-12-10 |
Family
ID=73577788
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010795977.2A Active CN112028568B (en) | 2020-08-10 | 2020-08-10 | Underwater non-diffusion concrete and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112028568B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112939528A (en) * | 2021-01-23 | 2021-06-11 | 广州市鸿磊混凝土有限公司 | Underwater low-bleeding concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN113582616A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-11-02 | 北京建工资源循环利用投资有限公司 | High-strength alkali-inhibiting construction waste regeneration water permeable brick and preparation method thereof |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106380135A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-08 | 北京建工新型建材有限责任公司 | Masonry mortar used in underwater alkaline environment |
| CN106866076A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-06-20 | 中国建筑科学研究院 | Shield grouting material for harsh environment |
| CN107010892A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-08-04 | 俞家欢 | It is a kind of not disperse fast hard cement-base composite material of rapid hardening and its preparation method and application under water |
| CN107098645A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-08-29 | 天津市滨涛混凝土有限公司 | Non-dispersible underwater concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN108675710A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-10-19 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of non-dispersible underwater concrete and its construction method |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108203262A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-26 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of high-durability non-dispersible underwater concrete |
| CN108529973A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-09-14 | 河南正海实业有限公司 | A kind of hydraulic engineering scour and abrasion resistant concrete and preparation method thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-08-10 CN CN202010795977.2A patent/CN112028568B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106380135A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-08 | 北京建工新型建材有限责任公司 | Masonry mortar used in underwater alkaline environment |
| CN106866076A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-06-20 | 中国建筑科学研究院 | Shield grouting material for harsh environment |
| CN107010892A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-08-04 | 俞家欢 | It is a kind of not disperse fast hard cement-base composite material of rapid hardening and its preparation method and application under water |
| CN107098645A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-08-29 | 天津市滨涛混凝土有限公司 | Non-dispersible underwater concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN108675710A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-10-19 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of non-dispersible underwater concrete and its construction method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112028568A (en) | 2020-12-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Wang et al. | The soundness of steel slag with different free CaO and MgO contents | |
| US20200231504A1 (en) | Method for synergistic stabilization/solidification of red mud and phosphogypsum | |
| CN104860571B (en) | Concrete surface sealing and curing processes reinforcing agent | |
| US10494302B1 (en) | Heavyweight concrete containing steel slag | |
| CN110734257A (en) | Preparation method of high impervious concrete | |
| CN105819727A (en) | Composite mineral admixture for concrete | |
| CN106542762B (en) | Efficient Sulfate corrosion-resistant concrete additive and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103922696B (en) | A kind of low emission high strength road basis and industrial process thereof and application | |
| CN112028568B (en) | Underwater non-diffusion concrete and preparation method thereof | |
| CN108467249A (en) | A kind of soil-solidified-agent and its application method using ardealite and Desulphurization preparation | |
| JP2004051426A (en) | Cement admixture, cement composition and mortar or concrete prepared using this | |
| CN104909709A (en) | Green rapid-hardening early-strength magnesium phosphate-based healant and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106587831A (en) | Super-elevation pumping marine concrete and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105271890B (en) | A kind of prestress hole path pressure grouting agent and its preparation and application | |
| CN108358591B (en) | Building material composition containing aeolian sand and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102515617B (en) | Concrete anti-corrosion etching resisting agent and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104016611A (en) | High-durability concrete waterproofing agent | |
| CN109574609A (en) | A method of alkali-activated carbonatite concrete shrinkage cracking is effectively relieved | |
| CN105601189B (en) | Alkali-activated carbonatite concrete and preparation method thereof | |
| CN110563369A (en) | Modified limestone powder, preparation method thereof and concrete | |
| CN109437811A (en) | A method of enhancing alkali-activated carbonatite concrete resisting carbonization | |
| JP4107825B2 (en) | Slug injection slurry | |
| CN103965918A (en) | Curing agent for water quenching manganese slag mollisol | |
| CN105481281A (en) | Waterproofing agent capable of enhancing waterproofing performance and water impermeability of concrete | |
| CN100453488C (en) | Silicate cement |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |