CN112028158A - A solar powered water treatment device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar-driven water treatment device, which separates a water source from a photothermal conversion material through a flow-limiting valve, prevents heat from being conducted to a water body so as to reduce heat loss, simultaneously utilizes an air suction pump or an exhaust fan to quickly guide water vapor in an evaporation chamber into a condensation pipe, reduces the humidity of the evaporation chamber, is beneficial to water evaporation, and utilizes the condensation pipe to efficiently and quickly collect condensed water to exchange heat with cold water to be treated conveyed by gravity, the cold water absorbs latent heat in steam and then flows into a photothermal evaporator, and system energy is fully utilized.

Description

A solar powered water treatment device

Technical field:

The invention relates to the technical field of solar photothermal conversion, in particular to a solar energy-driven water treatment device.

Background technique:

At present, with the growth of the world population and the rapid development of the world economy, water pollution and water shortages have become one of the greatest challenges facing mankind. Over the past few decades, various technologies, including membrane-based and thermal-based, have been developed to produce purified water from brine and sewage. However, despite the maturity of these technologies, the unavoidable high energy consumption and advanced infrastructure requirements have made them unavailable in many developing countries and remote areas. Solar energy is a non-polluting and renewable energy source that is sustainable and completely inexhaustible. Today, solar energy is harnessed in several different ways, and due to its energy saving and sustainability, it has huge potential in desalination and sewage purification.

In traditional light-to-heat conversion systems, sunlight shines on the entire water body, resulting in low evaporation rates. The novel interfacial solar vapor generation system confines the absorbed solar energy to the water-air interface, reducing energy loss and increasing water evaporation, however, due to the direct contact between the photothermal material and the water source, there is a large heat conduction loss, due to the recovery of water vapor It is carried out in a closed environment with high ambient humidity, which seriously reduces the evaporation of water. In addition, only condensed water is obtained, a large amount of latent heat of vapor phase transition is wasted, and the energy is not fully utilized.

Invention content:

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a solar-powered water treatment device, which separates the water source from the photothermal material, can control the water inflow of the photothermal conversion material, and uses a condenser tube to collect condensed water and water vapor phase change The latent heat reduces the direct contact between the photothermal conversion material and the water source, efficiently collects the condensed water and recovers the latent heat of the water vapor phase transition, and solves the problem that the energy of the existing technology is not fully utilized.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A solar-powered water treatment device, the device comprises a photothermal evaporation chamber, a condensation and latent heat collector, a water collection system and a water container connected in sequence; the photothermal evaporation chamber comprises a plexiglass cover and a plexiglass cover. Light-to-heat conversion material, the plexiglass cover is provided with two upper and lower openings on one side near the condensation and latent heat collector, the upper opening is a steam outlet, the lower opening is a water inlet with a restrictor valve, and the bottom of the plexiglass cover is provided with heat insulation EPE foam, the light-to-heat conversion material is located on the heat-insulating EPE foam; the water collection system consists of an air pump or an exhaust fan and a conical flask; the water container is installed on the bracket and contains water to be treated; organic The steam outlet of the glass cover near the upper end of the condenser tube is directly connected to one end of the inner tube of the condenser tube, and the other end of the inner tube of the condenser tube is connected to the conical flask and the suction pump respectively through the vacuum tail pipe; or the opening of the plexiglass cover near the upper end of the side of the condenser tube The exhaust fan is connected to one end of the inner tube of the condensation tube, and the other end of the inner tube of the condensation tube is connected to the conical flask through the vacuum tailpiece; the water inlet of the condensation tube is connected to the water container through the water delivery pipe and the valve, and the water outlet of the condensation tube is connected to the water inlet at the lower end of the plexiglass cover Connected; the water to be treated enters the condenser pipe under the action of gravity through the water pipe and valve, and then enters the photothermal evaporation chamber to generate hot steam. Under the action of gravity, the water pipe and valve enter the cold water to be treated in the condenser for heat exchange, and the hot steam is cooled into water that flows through the vacuum tail pipe to the conical flask to get purified water, and at the same time enters the cold water to be treated in the condenser to absorb the steam. The latent heat flows into the photothermal evaporation chamber to increase the temperature of the liquid to be treated in the input evaporation chamber, thereby recycling the latent heat of vaporization in the evaporation process, reducing the energy consumption of water treatment, and promoting the large flux of water evaporation, achieving higher energy density. Driven by low ordinary sunlight, it can quickly and efficiently purify water bodies such as seawater, brackish water, industrial sewage, and domestic wastewater.

In particular, the light-to-heat conversion material is a sponge-based composite material, and its preparation method includes the following steps:

Ultrasonic cleaning and drying of the cut sponge with alcohol and deionized water;

Add carbon materials (such as graphite powder, carbon powder), plasmonic metal nanoparticles, and light-absorbing materials in semiconductor materials) into 0.5-3wt% chitosan solution and stir to obtain a mixed solution, and then put the sponge into the solution. In the mixed solution, the sponge-based composite material was obtained after immersion for 1 h and then freeze-drying.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

The solar-driven water treatment device designed by the present invention separates the water source and the light-to-heat conversion material through a flow-limiting valve, prevents the heat from being conducted to the water body and reduces heat loss, and at the same time utilizes an air pump or an exhaust fan to quickly guide the water vapor in the evaporation chamber into condensation In addition, the condensation tube is used to efficiently and quickly collect the condensed water and exchange heat with the cold water to be treated due to gravity. The cold water absorbs the latent heat in the steam and flows into the photothermal evaporator. Make full use of system energy.

Description of drawings:

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar-powered water treatment device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Among them, 1, plexiglass cover, 2, photothermal conversion material, 3, steam flow, 4, restrictor valve, 5, condenser tube, 6, conical flask, 7, air pump, 8, vacuum tail pipe, 9, Valve, 10, bracket, 11, water container, 12, water pipe.

2 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar-powered water treatment device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Among them, 1. plexiglass cover, 2. light-to-heat conversion material, 3. steam flow, 4. restrictor valve, 5. condenser pipe, 6. conical flask, 7. exhaust fan, 8. vacuum tail pipe, 9. valve , 10, bracket, 11, water container, 12, water pipe, 13, special-shaped pipe.

3 is a temperature change diagram of the evaporation chamber and the water outlet of the condenser tube of the solar-powered water treatment device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways:

The following is a further description of the present invention, rather than a limitation of the present invention.

Example 1:

As shown in Figure 1, a solar-powered water treatment device includes a photothermal evaporation chamber, a condensation and latent heat collector, a water collection system and a water container connected in sequence; the photothermal evaporation chamber includes a plexiglass cover 1 and the light-to-heat conversion material 2 in the plexiglass cover 1, the plexiglass cover 1 is provided with two upper and lower openings on one side close to the condensation and latent heat collector, the upper opening is a steam outlet, and the lower opening is a restrictor valve 4 The bottom of the plexiglass cover 1 is provided with heat-insulating pearl cotton foam, and the light-heat conversion material 2 is located on the heat-insulating pearl cotton foam. Local heating effect of light-to-heat conversion material The water collection system is composed of an air pump 7 and a conical flask; the water container 11 is installed on a 20cm high bracket 10 and contains water to be treated; the plexiglass cover 1 is close to the condenser tube The steam outlet on the upper end of one side is directly connected with one end of the inner pipe of the condenser pipe 5, and the other end of the inner pipe of the condenser pipe 5 is communicated with the conical flask 6 and the air pump 7 respectively through the vacuum tail pipe 8; It is communicated with the water container 11 with the valve 9, and the water outlet of the condenser pipe 5 is communicated with the water inlet at the lower end of the plexiglass cover 1; the water to be treated enters the condenser pipe 5 through the water pipe 12 and the valve 9 under the action of gravity, and then enters the photothermal evaporation. The hot steam generated in the chamber generates hot steam, and the hot steam generated by the photothermal evaporation chamber is introduced into the condensing pipe 5 through the air pump 7, and exchanges heat with the cold water to be treated that enters the condensing pipe 5 through the water pipe 12 and the valve 9 under the action of gravity, and the hot steam The cooling is water that flows through the vacuum tail pipe 8 to the conical flask 6 to obtain purified water, and the cold water to be treated that enters the condenser pipe absorbs the latent heat in the steam and flows into the photothermal evaporation chamber, increasing the temperature of the liquid to be treated in the input evaporation chamber, The temperature difference between the evaporation chamber and the water outlet of the condenser tube is 7°C (as shown in Figure 3), so that the latent heat of vaporization in the evaporation process can be recycled and the energy consumption of water treatment can be reduced. The indoor humidity promotes the water evaporation of the photothermal conversion material, promotes the large flux evaporation of water, and realizes the rapid and efficient operation of seawater, brackish water, industrial sewage, domestic wastewater and other water bodies driven by ordinary sunlight with low energy density. to purify.

Among them, the separate design of the photothermal material and the water source prevents the heat from being transferred from the photothermal conversion material 2 to the water source, and the water intake can be controlled through the current limiting valve 4, thereby controlling the water content of the photothermal conversion material and improving the photothermal conversion material. the water evaporation rate.

The light-to-heat conversion material is a sponge-based composite material, and its preparation method includes the following steps:

Ultrasonic cleaning and drying of the cut sponge with alcohol and deionized water;

Add carbon materials (such as graphite powder, carbon powder), plasmonic metal nanoparticles, and light-absorbing materials in semiconductor materials) into 0.5-3wt% chitosan solution and stir to obtain a mixed solution, and then put the sponge into the solution. In the mixed solution, the sponge-based composite material was obtained after immersion for 1 h and then freeze-drying.

Embodiment 2:

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the solar-driven water treatment device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The difference from the first embodiment is that the suction pump connected to the tail pipe 8 is removed, and the steam outlet at the upper end of the plexiglass cover close to the side of the condensation pipe is connected to the An exhaust fan 7 and a special-shaped pipe 13 are added between the condensing pipes 5 to quickly transport the hot steam in the evaporation chamber to the condensing pipes. The solar-driven water treatment device is designed to separate the photothermal material from the water source to reduce heat conduction, and to recover and reuse the latent heat of vaporization during the evaporation process, reducing the energy consumption of water treatment, and at the same time promoting the large flux of water evaporation. Realize the rapid and efficient purification of seawater, brackish water, industrial sewage, domestic wastewater and other water bodies driven by ordinary sunlight with low energy density.

The above descriptions are only some embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention. Any modifications made within the basis and assumption of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A solar energy driven water treatment device is characterized by comprising a photo-thermal evaporation chamber, a condensation and latent heat collector, a water collecting system and a water container which are connected in sequence; the photothermal evaporation chamber comprises an organic glass cover and photothermal conversion materials in the organic glass cover, one side of the organic glass cover, which is close to the condensation and latent heat collector, is provided with an upper opening and a lower opening, the upper opening is a steam outlet, the lower opening is a water inlet provided with a flow-limiting valve, the bottom of the organic glass cover is provided with heat-insulating pearl wool foam, and the photothermal conversion materials are positioned on the heat-insulating pearl wool foam; the water collecting system consists of an air suction pump or an exhaust fan and a conical flask; the water container is arranged on the bracket and is filled with water to be treated; a steam outlet at the upper end of one side of the organic glass cover, which is close to the condenser pipe, is directly communicated with one end of an inner pipe of the condenser pipe, and the other end of the inner pipe of the condenser pipe is respectively communicated with the conical flask and the air pump through a vacuum tail pipe; or the opening of the organic glass cover close to the upper end of one side of the condensation pipe is communicated with one end of the inner pipe of the condensation pipe through an exhaust fan, and the other end of the inner pipe of the condensation pipe is communicated with the conical flask through a vacuum tail pipe; the water inlet of the condenser pipe is communicated with the water container through a water delivery pipe and a valve, and the water outlet of the condenser pipe is communicated with the water inlet at the lower end of the organic glass cover; water to be treated enters the condenser pipe through the water conveying pipe and the valve under the action of gravity, then enters the photo-thermal evaporation chamber to generate hot steam, the hot steam generated by the photo-thermal evaporation chamber is guided into the condenser pipe through the air suction pump or the exhaust fan, the hot steam and cold water to be treated entering the condenser pipe through the water conveying pipe and the valve under the action of gravity are subjected to heat exchange, the hot steam is cooled to be water, the water flows to the conical flask through the vacuum tail pipe to obtain purified water, and meanwhile, the cold water to be treated entering the condenser pipe flows into the photo-thermal evaporation chamber after absorbing latent heat in the steam.

2. The solar driven water treatment device of claim 1, wherein the photothermal conversion material is a sponge-based composite material prepared by a method comprising the steps of: ultrasonically cleaning the cut sponge by using alcohol and deionized water and drying; adding the light absorption material into 0.5-3 wt% of chitosan solution, stirring to obtain a mixed solution, then putting the sponge into the mixed solution, soaking for 1h, and freeze-drying to obtain the sponge-based composite material.

3. The solar driven water treatment device of claim 2, wherein the light absorbing material is any one of a carbon material, plasmonic metal nanoparticles, a semiconductor material.

4. The solar driven water treatment device as recited in claim 2, wherein the light absorbing material is selected from any one of graphite powder and carbon powder.

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