CN112025357A - Bearing cap fixing device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a bearing cap fixing device which is used for fixing a bearing cap and comprises at least one clamp, wherein the clamp comprises an installation plate, a supporting device, a pressing mechanism, a limiting assembly and a centering pressing assembly which can extend into the bearing cap, and the supporting device, the pressing mechanism, the limiting assembly and the centering pressing assembly are all installed on the installation plate; the centering compresses tightly the subassembly and sets up with spacing subassembly relatively, and the centering compresses tightly and is formed with the centre gripping space between subassembly and the spacing subassembly, and the centre gripping space is used for the fixed part of centre gripping bearing cap, and spacing subassembly is used for supporting the lateral wall of holding the fixed part, and the centering compresses tightly the subassembly and is used for supporting the inside wall of holding the fixed part. Through the structural design, when different processing surfaces of the bearing cover are processed, the processing of the different processing surfaces of the bearing cover can be completed only by once clamping, the clamping is convenient, and the processing efficiency is further improved and the production cost is reduced.

Description

Bearing cap fixing device

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of parts processing equipment, in particular to a bearing cap fixing device.

Background technique

The bearing cover is an important part of the vehicle drive axle assembly. It is usually assembled with the axle housing and needs to be matched with the relevant structures and components of the final drive, so it has a relatively complex external structure.

The existing one-piece bearing cap needs to be processed in three processes, for example, the first process: machining the mounting surface, positioning holes and bearing holes; the second process: facing the plane; , The second and third processes are processed by two vertical machining centers and one horizontal machining center (processed together after being assembled into an assembly). However, since the first, second and third processes are carried out on three different machining surfaces of the bearing cap, the machining of the different machining surfaces needs to be completed in different machining centers, resulting in multiple clamping and increasing the manual operation time of each process. , resulting in low processing efficiency and increased cost.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a bearing cap fixing device with convenient clamping.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A bearing cover fixing device, which is used for fixing the bearing cover, includes at least one clamp, the clamp includes a mounting plate, a support device, a pressing mechanism, a limit component and a centering pressing that can extend into the inside of the bearing cover assembly, the supporting device, the pressing mechanism, the limit component and the centering and pressing component are all mounted on the mounting plate; the centering and pressing component is arranged opposite the limit component, and the centering and pressing component A clamping space is formed between the tightening assembly and the limiting assembly, the clamping space is used for clamping the fixing part of the bearing cover, and the limiting assembly is used for abutting the outer side wall of the fixing part, The centering and pressing assembly is used for abutting the inner side wall of the fixing portion.

Further, the centering and pressing assembly is provided with an elastic device, and the elastic device is used to abut the inner side wall of the fixing portion; during the process of loading the bearing cover into the clamping space, the elastic device The device moves in a direction away from the limit assembly under the abutment of the bearing cover; when the bearing cover is installed in the clamping space, the elastic device moves closer to the limit assembly under the action of elastic force The direction is moved so that the elastic device corrects the position of the bearing cap.

Further, a driving device is included, and the driving device is mounted on the mounting plate; the centering and pressing assembly is provided with an elastic device and a locking mechanism, and the elastic device is used for abutting the inner side wall of the fixing part , the locking mechanism is connected with the driving device, and abuts with the end of the elastic device away from the limiting component, the locking mechanism pushes against the elastic device under the driving of the driving device, so that The centering and pressing assembly is in a locked state.

Further, the centering and pressing assembly further includes a centering base, and the centering base is mounted on the mounting plate; the elastic device includes an elastic connecting piece and a centering block, and the elastic connecting piece is installed on the mounting plate. on the centering base, and one end of the elastic connecting piece is connected with the centering block, and the centering block is used to abut against the inner side wall of the fixing portion.

Further, two end faces of the centering block along the length direction of the clamp respectively protrude with a correction portion, and the correction portion is used for abutting the inner side wall of the fixing portion.

Further, the locking mechanism includes a centering pressing plate and a pushing member, the bottom end of the centering pressing plate is connected with the driving device, and the top end is fixedly connected with the pushing member, and the pairing The middle pressing plate rotates under the driving of the driving device, and drives the pushing member to rotate, so that the pushing member pushes the centering block.

Further, the elastic connecting member includes a shaft and a spring, the shaft is movably connected to the centering base, a groove is formed at one end of the shaft away from the centering block, and the spring is installed in the recess. In the groove, the shaft is fixedly connected with the centering block through screws.

Further, a driving device is included, the driving device is mounted on the mounting plate, and the driving device is provided with a telescopic rod that can extend into the inside of the bearing cover; the pressing mechanism includes a pressing mechanism for pressing the top surface of the bearing cover The pressing plate is located above the centering and pressing assembly, and one end surface of the pressing plate close to the telescopic rod is provided with a clamping groove, and the clamping groove is engaged with the telescopic rod.

Further, the support device includes two positioning studs with adjustable height and a floating support mechanism, the two positioning studs are used to support the bottom of the pressing portion of the bearing cover, and the floating support mechanism is connected to the pressing portion. A tightening mechanism is correspondingly arranged to support the bottom of the fixed portion, and the floating support mechanism can be rotated relative to the horizontal direction to adjust the horizontal position of the bearing cover.

Further, the floating support mechanism includes a floating positioning block and a support, the support is mounted on the mounting plate, and the top surface of the support is provided with two opposite sides extending through the support along the length direction of the clamp. The installation groove of the side wall, the floating positioning block is rotatably installed in the installation groove through the pin shaft.

Further, the pressing mechanism includes an end face pressing assembly, the end face pressing assembly is rotatably mounted on the mounting plate, the end face pressing assembly includes a pressing part, there are two pressing parts, two Each of the pressing parts is located at the two ends of the end surface pressing component respectively, and is used to press the top surface of the fixed part; the two ends of the top surface of the floating positioning block respectively protrude a protrusion along the length direction of the clamp The two protruding parts correspond to the two pressing parts respectively, the protruding parts are used to support the bottom surface of the fixing part, and the pin shaft is located between the two protruding parts.

Further, the limiting assembly includes a first positioning seat and a second positioning seat, the first positioning seat and the second positioning seat are mounted on the mounting plate, the first positioning seat and the second positioning seat A limit block is detachably connected to one end face of the seat close to the centering and pressing component, respectively, and the two limit blocks are respectively used for abutting the outer side wall of the fixing portion.

Further, the pressing mechanism includes an end face pressing assembly, the end face pressing assembly is rotatably mounted on the mounting plate to realize pressing or loosening the fixing portion, and the end face assembly includes a rotating a pressing plate and a pressing part, the rotary pressing plate and the pressing part are located above the limiting assembly, the top surface of the rotary pressing plate is provided with an opening passing through the rotary pressing plate, and the pressing part is used for pressing the fixing top of the part.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the centering and pressing component of the bearing cover fixing device of the present invention can extend into the inside of the bearing cover, and a fixing portion for holding the bearing cover is formed between the centering and pressing component and the limiting component. a clamping space, the limiting component is used for abutting the outer side wall of the fixing part, and the centering and pressing component is used for abutting the inner side wall of the fixing part, so as to clamp the bearing cover, that is, the The centering and pressing component and the limiting component are respectively clamped from the inside and outside of the bearing cover. Because the centering and pressing component is inserted into the bearing cover to fix it, it does not occupy the processing surface of the bearing cover. The tool travel space is limited, that is, the travel space is provided for the machining tool of the CNC machine tool. When machining different machining surfaces of the bearing cap, the machining of the different machining surfaces of the bearing cap can be completed by only one clamping, realizing convenient clamping and further Improve processing efficiency and reduce production costs.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the exploded view of the bearing cap fixing device of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional combined view from another perspective of FIG. 1;

Fig. 3 is the partial top view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the three-dimensional cross-sectional view of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is the sectional view of Fig. 2;

6 is a partial top view of the clamp of FIG. 4 when it is not locked;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the clamp of FIG. 6 in a locked state.

Detailed ways

Below, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further described:

It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to and integrated with the other element, or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "installed," "one end," "the other end," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used in the specification herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit the present invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 , the present embodiment provides a bearing cap fixing device 100 , which is installed on a CNC machine tool workbench (not shown) to fix the bearing cap 7 , which can rotate with the workbench to facilitate To process different machining surfaces of the bearing cap 7 , the bearing cap fixing device 100 includes at least one clamp. In this embodiment, there are two clamps, and two bearing caps 7 can be machined at the same time. The fixture includes a mounting plate 1 , a driving device 6 , a supporting device 2 , a pressing mechanism 3 , a limiting component 4 and a centering pressing component 5 , the supporting device 2 , the pressing mechanism 3 , the limiting component 4 and the alignment The middle pressing components 5 are all mounted on the mounting plate 1, and the fixture also includes a numerical control turntable (not numbered), which can drive the fixed bearing cover 7 to rotate around the X-axis of the vertical machining center (not shown), It can be stopped and locked at any angle to facilitate processing and clamping.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 , in this embodiment, the bearing cover 7 is provided with a blank hole 70 for fixing it on the fixture. The opposite front and rear ends of the bearing cover 7 along the radial direction of the blank hole 70 are provided. It has a pressing portion 76 and a fixing portion 71 respectively. The pressing portion 76 has a plurality of surfaces to be processed 75 , and the top of the fixing portion 71 also has a surface to be processed 75 . The inside of the bearing cover 7 refers to the space formed by the blank hole 70, and the side wall of the blank hole 70 is the inner side wall 73 of the bearing cover 7 (that is, the inner side wall 73 of the fixed part 71), and the outer side wall 72 (that is, the fixed part 71). the outer side wall 72 of the part 71).

The mounting plate 1 is installed on the workbench through a numerically controlled turntable (not numbered), which can rotate with the workbench. Specifically, the numerically controlled turntable can be used as a controllable axis of the machine tool of the vertical machining center, which drives the mounting plate 1 to rotate, It can be stopped and locked at any angle. When other surfaces to be processed of the bearing cap need to be processed, the other surfaces to be processed can be processed by rotating the fixture, which is convenient for the clamping and processing of the bearing cap 7 .

The driving device 6 is automatically controlled by a hydraulic control system, which is an oil cylinder, which provides a power source for the clamp. The oil cylinder is installed on the bottom of the mounting plate 1, which has a telescopic rod 61 that can be retracted. In this embodiment, there are multiple driving devices 6 , wherein a telescopic rod 61 of a driving device 6 can extend into the inside of the bearing cover 7 .

The support device 2 includes two positioning studs 21 with adjustable height and a floating support mechanism 22. The two positioning studs 21 are arranged side by side on the same straight line (as shown in FIG. 3). The floating support mechanism 22 and the two positioning studs 21 are oppositely arranged (as shown in Figures 2 and 3), and are located on another straight line. The floating support mechanism 22 and the two positioning studs 21 form three support points respectively, and the connection between the three support points forms Triangular, used to locate the horizontal position of the bearing cap 7. In this embodiment, the two positioning studs 21 are used to support the bottom surface of the pressing portion 76 of the bearing cover 7 , and the floating support mechanism 22 is used to support the bottom surface of the fixing portion 71 . When the bearing cover 7 is installed, the bearing cover 7 has the problem of unevenness in the horizontal direction. In order to solve this technical problem, the floating support mechanism 22 can be set to rotate relative to the horizontal direction (ie, rotate up and down) to flexibly adjust the The horizontal position of the bearing cover 7 is described, and the rotation range is controlled within the tolerance range of the horizontal position of the bearing cover 7 .

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 , in this embodiment, the floating support mechanism 22 includes a floating positioning block 223 and a support 221 , and the support 221 is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate 1 by screws. The top surface 74 of the support 221 defines a mounting groove 2211 extending through the opposite left and right side walls of the support 221 along the length direction of the fixture. The mounting groove 2211 provides a rotation space for the floating positioning block 223 . The floating positioning block 223 is rotatably installed in the installation groove 2211 through the pin 224 , and there is a gap between the floating positioning block 223 and the bottom wall of the installation groove 2211 , and the gap can be determined according to the level of the bearing cover 7 . Tolerance range is determined. During the process of installing the bearing cover 7, the floating positioning block 223 rotates up and down with the pin shaft 224 as the axis to adjust the level of the bearing cover 7, so that the bearing cover 7 remains horizontal.

The left and right ends of the top surface 74 of the floating positioning block 223 respectively protrude a convex portion 2231 along the length direction of the fixture (as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 5 ). The two convex portions 2231 have the same height and form two The floating support point is used to support the bottom surface of the fixing portion 71 , which is beneficial to adjust the height of the bottom surface of the fixing portion 71 .

The limiting assembly 4 includes a first positioning seat 41 and a second positioning seat 42 , the first positioning seat 41 and the second positioning seat 42 are mounted on the mounting plate 1 by screws, and the first positioning seat 41 and the second positioning seat 42 form a accommodating space. One end face of the first positioning seat 41 and the second positioning seat 42 close to the centering and pressing assembly 5 is detachably connected to a limit block 43 by screws, respectively, and the two limit blocks 43 are used to abut against each other. Holding the outer side wall 72 of the fixing portion 71, the limiting block 43 is easily replaced by a detachable connection. When processing bearing caps 7 of different specifications, the limiting blocks 43 of other specifications can be replaced, which is useful in expanding the application of the fixture. When the range is large, the clamping process is simplified.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 , the pressing mechanism 3 includes an end face pressing assembly 32 and a pressing plate 31 for pressing the top surface 74 of the bearing cover 7 , and the end face pressing assembly 32 is located in the first positioning seat 41 Between the second positioning seat 42, the end face pressing assembly 32 is rotatably mounted on the mounting plate 1 through a link mechanism (not numbered), so as to realize pressing or loosening the fixing portion 71, The pressing plate 31 is located above the centering and pressing assembly 5 and is connected with the telescopic rod 61 of the oil cylinder.

Specifically, the end face assembly includes a rotary pressing plate 321 and a pressing portion 322, the rotary pressing plate 321 and the pressing portion 322 are located above the limiting assembly 4, and its rear end (away from the centering and pressing assembly 5) one end) is connected with the telescopic rod 61 of the oil cylinder, and the parts between the front and rear ends are connected with the mounting plate 1 through the connecting rod mechanism in rotation. Drive the rotating pressing plate 321 to turn over. The top surface 74 of the rotary pressing plate 321 is provided with an opening 3211 penetrating the rotary pressing plate 321 . The pressing portion 322 is used for pressing the top surface 74 of the fixing portion 71 . In this embodiment, there are two pressing portions 322 , and the two pressing portions 322 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the rotating pressing plate 321 . The two pressing parts 322 correspond to the two convex parts 2231 respectively, forming two pressing points. When the bearing cap is clamped, the two pressing points press the bearing cap downward, and the top surface of the bearing cap Under the downward pressing force, there is a downward deformation trend. At the same time, the two floating support points provide upward supporting force to the bottom surface of the bearing cover 7, so that the bearing cover 7 is balanced in force and avoids downward pressure due to the pressing action. Deformation can increase positioning stability, and because the floating positioning block 223 can be rotated up and down, the purpose of flexibly adjusting the unevenness of the supporting surface (bottom surface) of the bearing cap 7 is achieved, and the positioning accuracy of the fixture is further improved.

The pressing part 322 is detachably fixed on the front end of the rotary pressing plate 321 (near one end of the centering and pressing assembly 5 ) by screws. The front end of the rotary pressing plate 321 is fixed in a detachable manner to facilitate replacement.

The centering and pressing component 5 is disposed opposite to the limiting component 4. In this embodiment, the centering and pressing component 5 and the limiting component 4 coincide with the center line along the width direction of the clamp. , a clamping space 10 is formed between the centering and pressing assembly 5 and the limiting assembly 4, and the clamping space 10 is used to clamp the fixed portion 71 of the bearing cover 7, and the limiting assembly 4 is used for abutting against the outer side wall 72 of the fixing portion 71 , and the centering and pressing component 5 is used for abutting against the inner side wall 73 of the fixing portion 71 . Because the centering and pressing component 5 extends into the bearing cover 7 to fix it, it does not occupy the tool travel space required for machining the machining surface of the bearing cover 7, that is, it provides travel space for the machining tool of the CNC machine tool. When there are different processing surfaces of the bearing cover 7, the processing of the different processing surfaces of the bearing cover 7 can be completed only by one clamping, which realizes convenient clamping, and can expand the use range of the fixture, so that it can be applied to other specifications of the bearing cover 7. In terms of processing, the processing efficiency is further improved and the production cost is reduced.

The centering and pressing assembly 5 is provided with an elastic device 51 , and the elastic device 51 is used to abut the inner side wall 73 of the fixing portion 71 ; , the elastic device 51 moves in the direction away from the limit assembly 4 under the push of the bearing cover 7, so that the bearing cover 7 is easily loaded; when the bearing cover 7 is completely loaded into the clamping space At 10 o'clock, the elastic device 51 moves in the direction of approaching the limiting component 4 under the action of the elastic force, so that the elastic device 51 can gradually correct the position of the bearing cover 7 by its own elastic force. By arranging the elastic device 51 , not only can the bearing cap 7 be uprighted by its own elastic force, so that the bearing cap 7 can be positioned accurately, and the bearing cap 7 can be smoothly inserted into the fixture, thereby improving the clamping efficiency and accuracy.

In this embodiment, the centering and pressing assembly 5 is provided with a locking mechanism 52, the locking mechanism 52 is connected with the telescopic rod 61 of the oil cylinder, and is away from the limiting assembly with the elastic device 51 4 is in contact with one end (rear end) (as shown in FIG. 5 ), the locking mechanism 52 pushes against the elastic device 51 under the driving of the driving device 6 , so that the centering and pressing assembly 5 is locked Tight state (as shown in Figure 7), to further ensure that the bearing cap 7 is positioned firmly.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 , the centering and pressing assembly 5 further includes a centering base 54 , and the centering base 54 is mounted on the mounting plate 1 by screws; the elastic device 51 includes an elastic connecting piece 511 and a centering block 512, the centering block 512 is adapted to the shape of the blank hole 70, for example, in an arc shape, the elastic connecting piece 511 is installed on the centering base 54, and the elastic One end of the connecting piece 511 is connected to the centering block 512 , and the outer side wall 72 of the centering block 512 is used to abut against the inner side wall 73 of the fixing portion 71 to position the bearing cap 7 from the inside. Two end surfaces of the centering block 512 along the length direction of the fixture respectively protrude with a calibration portion 5121 . Two correction points are formed, which is convenient for correcting the position of the bearing cover 7 in the length direction of the fixture, so that its position is easy to center. In this embodiment, the sidewall surface of the correction portion 5121 is an arc surface.

As shown in FIG. 5 , the locking mechanism 52 includes a centering pressing plate 55 and an abutting member 56, and the bottom end of the centering pressing plate 55 is connected to the telescopic rod 61 of the oil cylinder through a pin shaft 224, Its top end is fixedly connected with the pushing member 56 by fixing means such as screws or pins. The centering pressing plate 55 is rotated under the driving of the oil cylinder, and drives the pushing member 56 to rotate, so that the pushing member 56 is rotated. The pushing member 56 pushes against the centering block 512 (as shown in FIG. 5 ) to lock the elastic device 51 , and further ensure the stable positioning of the bearing cover 7 .

As shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 , the elastic connecting member 511 includes a shaft and a spring 5123 . The shaft is movably connected to the centering base 54 , which is away from one end face (the front end of the centering block 512 ) Surface) is provided with a groove 5124, the spring 5123 is installed in the groove 5124, and the shaft 5122 is fixedly connected with the centering block 512 by screws.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , one end face (rear end face) of the pressing plate 31 close to the telescopic rod 61 is provided with a clamping slot 311 . When the bearing cover 7 needs to be pressed down, the telescopic rod 61 is extended. When the pressure plate 31 is manually engaged with the telescopic rod 61 through the slot 311, and when the expansion and contraction is performed, the pressure plate 31 is driven to move downward to press the bearing cover 7 tightly. The installation method of the pressure plate 31 is simple. The bearing cap 7 can be pressed quickly, saving the clamping time.

When the bearing cover 7 is loaded into the fixture for fixing, the rotary pressing plate 321 is first opened by the driving device 6, and then the bearing cover 7 is put on the centering block 512. During the setting process, the bearing cover 7 is pressed and centered block 512, so that the centering block 512 moves in a direction away from the limit block 43 (backward), and when the bearing cover 7 is completely installed in the clamping space 10, the bearing cover 7 is released. At this time, the bearing cover 7 is under the action of the elastic force Move downward and forward to gradually straighten the bearing cap 7, and then drive the locking mechanism 52 to rotate through the driving device 6, and the rotating locking mechanism 52 pushes the centering block 512 backward to lock the centering block 512, and then The pressing plate 31 is engaged with the extended telescopic rod 61, and finally the driving device 6 drives the telescopic rod 61 to shrink, so that the pressing plate 31 moves downward with the telescopic rod 61 to press the bearing cap 7 tightly, and the clamping process is completed at this time.

The centering and pressing component of the bearing cover fixing device of the present invention can extend into the inside of the bearing cover, and a clamping space for clamping the fixing part of the bearing cover is formed between the limiting component and the limiting component. The positioning assembly is used to abut the outer side wall of the fixing part, and the centering and pressing assembly is used to abut the inner side wall of the fixing part, so as to clamp the bearing cap, that is, the centering and pressing assembly and the The limiting components are respectively clamped from the inside and outside of the bearing cover. Because the centering and pressing components extend into the inside of the bearing cover to fix it, it does not occupy the space of the outer processing surface of the bearing cover, that is, the space for the CNC machine tool. The machining tool provides travel space. When machining different machining surfaces of the bearing cap, it only needs one clamping to complete the machining of the different machining surfaces of the bearing cap, realizing convenient clamping, further improving machining efficiency and reducing production costs.

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that it is still possible to understand the technical solutions of the foregoing embodiments. The recorded technical solutions are modified, or some technical features thereof are equivalently replaced, and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (13)

1. A bearing cap fixing device, which is used for fixing a bearing cap, characterized in that it comprises at least one clamp, and the clamp comprises a mounting plate, a support device, a pressing mechanism, a limit component and a device that can extend into the bearing cap The inner centering and pressing assembly, the support device, the pressing mechanism, the limit assembly and the centering and pressing assembly are all mounted on the mounting plate; the centering and pressing assembly is arranged opposite to the limit assembly , a clamping space is formed between the centering and pressing assembly and the limiting assembly, the clamping space is used to clamp the fixed part of the bearing cover, and the limiting assembly is used to abut the the outer side wall of the fixing part, and the centering and pressing component is used for abutting the inner side wall of the fixing part. 2 . The bearing cap fixing device according to claim 1 , wherein: the centering and pressing component is provided with an elastic device, and the elastic device is used to abut the inner side wall of the fixing part; During the process of installing the cover into the holding space, the elastic device moves in a direction away from the limiting component under the abutment of the bearing cover; when the bearing cover is installed in the holding space, The elastic device moves toward the direction of approaching the limiting assembly under the action of elastic force, so that the elastic device corrects the position of the bearing cover. 3. The bearing cap fixing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: it comprises a driving device, and the driving device is mounted on the mounting plate; the centering and pressing component is provided with an elastic device and a locking device mechanism, the elastic device is used to abut the inner side wall of the fixing part, the locking mechanism is connected with the driving device, and abuts with the end of the elastic device away from the limiting component, the locking mechanism The tightening mechanism pushes against the elastic device under the driving of the driving device, so that the centering and pressing assembly is in a locked state. 4 . The bearing cap fixing device according to claim 3 , wherein the centering and pressing assembly further comprises a centering base, and the centering base is mounted on the mounting plate; the elastic device comprises an elastic A connecting piece and a centering block, the elastic connecting piece is mounted on the centering base, and one end of the elastic connecting piece is connected with the centering block, and the centering block is used to abut the fixing portion inner side wall. 5 . The bearing cap fixing device according to claim 4 , wherein two end faces of the centering block along the length direction of the clamp respectively protrude with a correction portion, and the correction portion is used for abutting the fixing. 6 . interior sidewall. 6 . The bearing cap fixing device according to claim 4 , wherein the locking mechanism comprises a centering pressing plate and an abutting member, and the bottom end of the centering pressing plate is connected with the driving device. 7 . , the top end of which is fixedly connected with the pushing member, the centering pressing plate rotates under the driving of the driving device, and drives the pushing member to rotate, so that the pushing member pushes the centering piece. 7 . The bearing cap fixing device according to claim 4 , wherein the elastic connecting member comprises a shaft and a spring, the shaft is movably connected to the centering base, and is away from the centering block. 8 . One end of the shaft is provided with a groove, the spring is installed in the groove, and the shaft is fixedly connected with the centering block through screws. 8. The bearing cap fixing device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a driving device, the driving device is mounted on the mounting plate, and the driving device is provided with a telescopic rod that can extend into the bearing cap; The pressing mechanism includes a pressing plate for pressing the top surface of the bearing cap, the pressing plate is located above the centering and pressing assembly, and an end surface of the pressing plate close to the telescopic rod is provided with a clamping groove, the clamping groove engage with the telescopic rod. 9 . The bearing cap fixing device according to claim 1 , wherein the supporting device comprises two positioning studs with adjustable height and a floating support mechanism, and the two positioning studs are used to support the bearing cap 9 . The bottom of the pressing part is provided with the floating support mechanism corresponding to the pressing mechanism to support the bottom of the fixed part, and the floating support mechanism can be rotated relative to the horizontal direction to adjust the bearing cap. horizontal position. 10. The bearing cap fixing device according to claim 9, wherein the floating support mechanism comprises a floating positioning block and a support, the support is mounted on the mounting plate, and the top surface of the support is along the The length direction of the clamp is provided with an installation groove penetrating the opposite two side walls of the support, and the floating positioning block is rotatably installed in the installation groove through a pin shaft. 11 . The bearing cap fixing device according to claim 10 , wherein the pressing mechanism comprises an end face pressing assembly, the end face pressing assembly is rotatably mounted on the mounting plate, and the end face pressing The clamping assembly includes two pressing parts, and the two pressing parts are located at two ends of the end face pressing assembly respectively, and are used for pressing the top surface of the fixing part; the top surface of the floating positioning block is The two ends of the surface respectively protrude a convex part along the length direction of the clamp, the two convex parts correspond to the two pressing parts respectively, the convex parts are used to support the bottom surface of the fixing part, and the pin is located at between the two protrusions. 12 . The bearing cap fixing device according to claim 1 , wherein the limiting component comprises a first positioning seat and a second positioning seat, and the first positioning seat and the second positioning seat are installed in the mounting bracket. 13 . On the board, one end surface of the first positioning seat and the second positioning seat close to the centering and pressing component is detachably connected to a limit block respectively, and the two limit blocks are respectively used to abut the fixing block. the outer wall of the part. 13 . The bearing cap fixing device according to claim 1 , wherein the pressing mechanism comprises an end face pressing assembly, and the end face pressing assembly is rotatably mounted on the mounting plate to realize pressing 13 . Tighten or loosen the fixing part, the end surface assembly includes a rotary pressing plate and a pressing part, the rotary pressing plate and the pressing part are located above the limit assembly, and the top surface of the rotary pressing plate is provided with a pass through the The opening of the rotating pressing plate, the pressing part is used for pressing the top surface of the fixing part.

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