CN112024902B - Preparation method of refractory high-entropy alloy framework-copper spontaneous perspiration composite structure - Google Patents
Preparation method of refractory high-entropy alloy framework-copper spontaneous perspiration composite structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN112024902B CN112024902B CN202010909261.0A CN202010909261A CN112024902B CN 112024902 B CN112024902 B CN 112024902B CN 202010909261 A CN202010909261 A CN 202010909261A CN 112024902 B CN112024902 B CN 112024902B
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tungsten Chemical compound [Cu].[W] SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/14—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes using electric discharge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F3/26—Impregnating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a refractory high-entropy alloy framework-copper spontaneous perspiration composite structure, which comprises the steps of smelting a refractory high-entropy alloy raw material to obtain an alloy ingot, and preparing refractory high-entropy alloy powder from the alloy ingot by adopting a plasma rotating electrode atomization method; forming a preset porous skeleton structure by melting and material increasing manufacturing process of refractory high-entropy alloy powder through an electron beam or laser selective area; and infiltrating metal copper into the porous skeleton structure by adopting an infiltration process, thereby obtaining the refractory high-entropy alloy skeleton-copper spontaneous perspiration composite structure. The structure has the characteristic of spontaneous perspiration, and is suitable for high-temperature components such as rocket engine jet pipe throat linings, thrust chamber injector panels, missile warhead nose cones, electromagnetic gun tracks and the like. The composite structure prepared by the invention has the advantages of simple forming process, good mechanical property, high temperature resistance, thermal shock resistance and the like, the porosity can be conveniently designed and adjusted according to actual needs, and the composite structure has very high practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a refractory high-entropy alloy framework-copper spontaneous perspiration composite structure.
Background
Along with rockets, the service temperature of hot end parts of missiles is higher and higher, and no matter how high the melting point of a single material is, the use requirement cannot be met. The self-sweating structure simulates the heat dissipation principle of a human body, and takes away heat through the gasification of low-melting-point components at high temperature, so that the integral structure is kept from being damaged, and the self-sweating structure is one of important parts. The traditional tungsten-copper spontaneous perspiration structure is manufactured by a powder metallurgy-infiltration method, the porosity of a tungsten framework manufactured by the powder metallurgy is only 80-90%, closed pores can be formed in the sintering process of some tungsten frameworks, copper cannot be infiltrated in the later period, the spontaneous perspiration cooling effect is reduced, the mechanical property of elemental tungsten is not high, and the bearing requirement under the complex condition is difficult to meet.
The high-entropy alloy is a multi-component alloy developed in recent ten years, and the alloy contains five or more than five elements, and the atomic percentage of each element is 5-35%. The alloy has great difference with the traditional alloy which takes one or two elements as main constituent elements in many aspects of properties and shows many unique characteristics. For example, high-entropy alloys composed of refractory metals such as W, Nb, Mo and Ta have the performance characteristics of high melting point, high strength, stable high-temperature phase structure, high-temperature oxidation resistance and the like, and are expected to be used on parts requiring high-temperature resistance, such as rockets, missiles and the like. However, the existing preparation method of the high-entropy alloy generally adopts a heating melting method or an electrochemical deposition method, the two preparation methods have higher selectivity on selected components, the equipment is expensive, the preparation time is longer, the energy consumption is high, and the application field still needs to be further expanded.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a refractory high-entropy alloy framework-copper spontaneous perspiration composite structure, which solves the problems that a traditional tungsten-copper spontaneous perspiration structure can form closed pores in a sintering process and the spontaneous perspiration cooling effect is reduced; and the problem that the mechanical property of the elemental tungsten is not high and the bearing requirement under complex conditions is difficult to meet is solved. The structure of the invention has the characteristic of spontaneous perspiration, and is suitable for high-temperature parts such as rocket engine jet pipe throat linings, thrust chamber injector panels, missile warhead nose cones, electromagnetic gun tracks and the like.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses a preparation method of a refractory high-entropy alloy framework-copper spontaneous perspiration composite structure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting a refractory high-entropy alloy raw material to obtain an alloy ingot, and preparing refractory high-entropy alloy powder from the alloy ingot by adopting a plasma rotating electrode atomization method;
(2) forming a preset porous skeleton structure by melting and material increasing manufacturing process of refractory high-entropy alloy powder through an electron beam or laser selective area;
(3) and infiltrating metal copper into the porous skeleton structure by adopting an infiltration process, thereby obtaining the refractory high-entropy alloy skeleton-copper spontaneous perspiration composite structure.
Further, in the step (1), the plasma rotating electrode atomization parameters are as follows: under the protection of inert gas, the current is 1300-1700A, and the electrode rotation speed is 15000-25000 r/min.
Further, the refractory high-entropy alloy powder in the step (1) is TiVNbMoTaW refractory high-entropy alloy powder, and the alloy comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 6.5-8% of Ti, 7-8.5% of V, 13.5-15% of Nb, 14-15.5% of Mo, 27-28.5% of Ta, and the balance of W.
Further, the smelting process in the step (1) is to put raw materials of Ti, V, Nb, Mo, Ta and W into a smelting furnace, carry out the smelting process under the protection of high-purity argon, repeatedly re-melt for 3-4 times after full melting to ensure that the components are uniform, and finally form a cylindrical alloy ingot.
Further, the porous skeleton in the step (2) is in a polyhedral structure, and each surface of the polyhedral structure is provided with a plurality of through holes which are vertically and horizontally arranged. The perforating hole is favorable to the copper infiltration of later stage, promotes spontaneous perspiration effect.
Further, the surface of the substrate in the selective laser melting additive manufacturing process in the step (2) is subjected to black paint treatment. The black paint treatment can improve the laser absorption rate of the substrate and enhance the bonding force between the substrate and the manufactured structure on the substrate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the refractory high-entropy alloy has excellent mechanical property, high strength, good toughness, good thermal shock resistance and capability of bearing complex load;
(2) through holes in the refractory high-entropy alloy porous skeleton structure are communicated, so that later-stage copper infiltration is facilitated, and the spontaneous perspiration effect is improved.
(3) The refractory high-entropy alloy porous skeleton structure can be conveniently changed and adjusted (including material components, parameters of the porous skeleton and the like) according to test effects, and the refractory high-entropy alloy porous skeleton structure is flexible in process and wide in adjustable range.
(4) The invention has the advantages of simple forming process, convenient design and adjustment of porosity according to actual needs, good mechanical property, high temperature resistance, thermal shock resistance and the like, and has very high practical value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a porous skeletal structure;
FIG. 2 is a composite structure of refractory high-entropy alloy skeleton and copper spontaneous perspiration.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples and figures:
the invention discloses a preparation method of a refractory high-entropy alloy framework-copper spontaneous perspiration composite structure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) putting refractory high-entropy alloy raw materials Ti, V, Nb, Mo, Ta and W into a smelting furnace, carrying out the smelting process under the protection of high-purity argon, repeatedly remelting for 3-4 times after full melting to ensure that the components are uniform, finally smelting to obtain a cylindrical alloy ingot, and preparing refractory high-entropy alloy powder from the alloy ingot by adopting a plasma rotating electrode atomization method;
the plasma rotating electrode atomization parameters are as follows: under the protection of inert gas, the current is 1500A, the electrode rotating speed is 20000r/min, the finally obtained refractory high-entropy alloy powder is TiVNbMoTaW refractory high-entropy alloy powder, and the contents are as follows according to the mass percentage: 7.34 percent of Ti, 7.8 percent of V, 14.24 percent of Nb, 14.7 percent of Mo, 27.73 percent of Ta and the balance of W;
(2) passing the refractory high-entropy alloy powder through electronsThe beam or laser selective melting additive manufacturing process forms a preset porous skeleton 1 structure as shown in figure 1; the porous skeleton 1 may be a polyhedron structure, and the present embodiment is a regular hexahedron structure with dimensions of 30 × 30 × 30mm, each face of the regular hexahedron structure is provided with 7 × 7-49 through holes 2 arranged vertically and horizontally, and the area of the through holes 2 is 2 × 2mm2The through hole 2 is beneficial to later-stage copper infiltration and improves the spontaneous perspiration effect;
and carrying out black paint treatment on the surface of the substrate in the selective laser melting additive manufacturing process. The black paint treatment can improve the laser absorption rate of the substrate and enhance the bonding force between the substrate and the manufactured structure on the substrate;
(3) and infiltrating metal copper 3 into the porous skeleton 1 structure by adopting an infiltration process so as to obtain a refractory high-entropy alloy skeleton-copper spontaneous perspiration composite structure as shown in figure 2.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of a refractory high-entropy alloy framework-copper spontaneous perspiration composite structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) smelting a refractory high-entropy alloy raw material to obtain an alloy ingot, and preparing refractory high-entropy alloy powder from the alloy ingot by adopting a plasma rotating electrode atomization method, wherein the refractory high-entropy alloy powder is TiVNbMoTaW refractory high-entropy alloy powder, and the alloy raw material content is as follows according to the mass percentage: 6.5-8% of Ti, 7-8.5% of V, 13.5-15% of Nb, 14-15.5% of Mo, 27-28.5% of Ta and the balance of W;
(2) forming a porous skeleton structure by melting and material increasing manufacturing process of refractory high-entropy alloy powder in an electron beam or laser selective area, wherein the porous skeleton is a polyhedral structure, and each surface of the polyhedral structure is provided with a plurality of through holes which are arranged vertically and horizontally;
(3) and infiltrating metal copper into the porous skeleton structure by adopting an infiltration process, thereby obtaining the refractory high-entropy alloy skeleton-copper spontaneous perspiration composite structure.
2. The preparation method of the refractory high-entropy alloy skeleton-copper spontaneous perspiration composite structure according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the smelting process in the step (1) is to put raw materials of Ti, V, Nb, Mo, Ta and W into a smelting furnace, carry out the smelting process under the protection of high-purity argon, repeatedly remelt for 3-4 times after full smelting to ensure that the components are uniform, and finally form a cylindrical alloy ingot.
3. The preparation method of the refractory high-entropy alloy skeleton-copper spontaneous perspiration composite structure according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the plasma rotating electrode atomization parameters in the step (1) are as follows: under the protection of inert gas, the current is 1300-1700A, and the electrode rotation speed is 15000-25000 r/min.
4. The preparation method of the refractory high-entropy alloy skeleton-copper spontaneous perspiration composite structure according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (3) performing black paint treatment on the surface of the substrate in the selective laser melting additive manufacturing process in the step (2).
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| CN112935277B (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2022-04-26 | 华中科技大学 | Laser selective melting forming method for multilevel interconnection micropore metal sweating structure |
| KR102529862B1 (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2023-05-04 | 한국해양대학교 산학협력단 | Manuracturing method of lightweight parts combined with porous and non-porous metal |
| CN114799207B (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2024-04-12 | 西安航天发动机有限公司 | Forming method of complex prefabricated member of metal perspiration material |
| CN114806516B (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2023-08-15 | 西安交通大学 | Porous metal-loaded nitrate spontaneous perspiration composite material and preparation method thereof |
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| US10787725B2 (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2020-09-29 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | High entropy alloy article, method for manufacturing same, and product using same |
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| CN107699724A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2018-02-16 | 沈阳大学 | High-entropy alloy/porous silicon carbide titanium two-phase three-dimensional communication composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN108145170A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-06-12 | 中南大学 | A kind of preparation method of infusibility high-entropy alloy spherical powder |
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Effective date of registration: 20230117 Address after: No.2, Mengxi Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, 212008 Patentee after: JIANGSU University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Patentee after: MARINE EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE JIANGSU University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Patentee after: TIANGONG AIHE SPECIAL STEEL Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.2, Mengxi Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, 212008 Patentee before: JIANGSU University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Patentee before: MARINE EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE JIANGSU University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY |
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Address after: 212000 2 Mengxi Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Patentee after: JIANGSU University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Patentee after: MARINE EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE JIANGSU University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Patentee after: Jiangsu Tiangong Aihe Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.2, Mengxi Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, 212008 Patentee before: JIANGSU University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Patentee before: MARINE EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE JIANGSU University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Patentee before: TIANGONG AIHE SPECIAL STEEL Co.,Ltd. |