CN112023920A - Preparation method and application of gold cluster-carbon nanotube electro-catalytic film - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of gold cluster-carbon nanotube electro-catalytic film Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthene Chemical compound C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- JSGPBRQYMLFVJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfanylhexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(S)C(O)=O JSGPBRQYMLFVJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004098 Tetracycline Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930101283 tetracycline Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960002180 tetracycline Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019364 tetracycline Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003522 tetracyclines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 239000002238 carbon nanotube film Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- -1 and secondly Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/52—Gold
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/38—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a gold cluster-carbon nanotube electro-catalytic film and application of the gold cluster-carbon nanotube electro-catalytic film in treatment of organic pollutants in a continuous flow electro-Fenton system. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving chloroauric acid solution in ultrapure water, then adding mercaptohexanoic acid solution, and uniformly stirring; sequentially adding a sodium hydroxide solution and a sodium borohydride solution and fully stirring; dissolving and dispersing the multi-walled CNT in a mixed solution; and carrying out vacuum filtration on the obtained dispersion liquid to a PTFE support membrane to finally prepare the gold cluster-carbon nanotube electro-catalytic membrane. H generated in situ under applied voltage2O2Can be combined with Au in AuNCs0Fenton reaction is carried out to catalyze and generate HO, so that the organic pollutants in the water body can be efficiently removed in the membrane passing process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a gold cluster-carbon nanotube electro-catalytic film, and belongs to the technical field of water treatment.
Background
Using iron salts (Fe)2+) With additional addition of hydrogen peroxide (H)2O2) The traditional process is widely applied to wastewater treatment by inducing a Fenton reaction to generate hydroxyl radicals (. OH) with high reaction activity. However, although this technique is simple and mature, there are narrow application range of pH, easy deactivation of catalyst reaction activity, iron-containing sludge accumulation, and H2O2Large risk of transportation and use and the like. Therefore, in recent years, the heterogeneous electro-Fenton technology has received attention from researchers at home and abroad. The Fenton catalyst can be loaded on different substrates to effectively prevent leakage of iron, and secondly, oxygen can be utilized to perform reduction reaction on the cathode, so that H is generated in situ2O2. Unfortunately, this process still has some limitations, such as the high energy consumption required, and the generation of H2O2Too much to cause some side reactions to occur. Therefore, the development of stable and effective heterogeneous electro-Fenton technology for environmental remediation is urgent.
Recently, studies have reported rational design of various iron-free Fenton heterogeneous catalytic reactions, which largely reduce the generation of iron sludge, and among these iron-free catalysts, supported nanoscale gold (Au) catalysts have received much attention from researchers. In addition, it was found that the catalytic performance of the Au particles was affected by the particle size. Meanwhile, with the progress of technology, the way of synthesizing different gold particle sizes has been rapidly developed. Studies have shown that when Au particles are reduced in size below 2nm, the physicochemical properties of the particles can be significantly altered and a unique nanomaterial can be formed, these are commonly referred to as Au nanoclusters (AuNCs). AuNCs typically contain several or tens of gold atoms and are stably protected by specific organic ligands such as thiolates and proteins. This development creates great opportunities for exploring Au-like fenton reactions and will also provide a new field of view to study the Au-fenton process.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the existing Fenton oxidation method has the problem of harsh conditions for treating organic pollutants.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing a gold cluster-carbon nanotube electrocatalytic film, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1): dissolving chloroauric acid solution in ultrapure water, then adding mercaptohexanoic acid solution into the mixed solution, and uniformly stirring;
step 2): sequentially adding a sodium hydroxide solution and a sodium borohydride solution into the mixed solution obtained in the step 1) and fully stirring;
step 3): dissolving and dispersing the multi-wall CNT in the mixed solution obtained in the step 2);
step 4): and (3) carrying out vacuum filtration on the dispersion liquid obtained in the step 3) to a PTFE support membrane, and finally preparing the gold cluster-carbon nanotube electro-catalytic membrane.
Preferably, the concentration of the chloroauric acid in the step 1) is 20 mmol/L; the volume ratio of the chloroauric acid solution to the ultrapure water is 1: 9.4; the concentration of mercaptohexanoic acid was 5 mmol/L.
Preferably, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide in the step 2) is 1 mol/L; the concentration of sodium borohydride is 0.1 mol/L; the stirring time was 3 h.
Preferably, the ratio of the multi-walled CNT to the mixed solution in the step 3) is (15-20) mg: (20-30) mL; ultrasonic dispersion is adopted for dispersion, the ultrasonic power is 50-200W, and the ultrasonic time is 40-60 min.
The invention also provides application of the gold cluster-carbon nanotube electro-catalytic film prepared by the preparation method of the gold cluster-carbon nanotube electro-catalytic film in treating organic pollutants in a continuous flow electro-Fenton system.
Preferably, the prepared gold cluster-carbon nanotube electrocatalytic film is used as a cathode, the porous titanium sheet is used as an anode to prepare a continuous-flow electro-Fenton system, and the solution containing the organic pollutants is filtered through the continuous-flow electro-Fenton system by a peristaltic pump.
Preferably, the flow rate of the solution containing the organic pollutants through the continuous flow electro-Fenton system is 1.5-3 mL/min.
Preferably, the voltage of the cathode is 1-3V, and the pH value range is 3-11.
Preferably, the organic contaminant is at least one of tetracycline and bisphenol a.
Continuous flow electro-Fenton reaction, Au in AuNCs+And Au0Can be recycled, so that the Fenton reaction is more continuous and stable.
The AuNCs/CNT composite film is prepared by adopting reduction and vacuum filtration methods. H generated in situ under applied voltage2O2Can be combined with Au in AuNCs0Fenton reaction is carried out to catalyze and generate HO, so that the organic pollutants in the water body can be efficiently removed in the membrane passing process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the electro-Fenton technology is combined with the membrane separation technology, and a traditional granular catalyst is replaced by a continuous flow membrane filtration mode, so that the mass transfer effect in the reaction process is enhanced, and the degradation efficiency is improved;
(2) the gold cluster-carbon nanotube electro-catalytic film has the advantages of simple and easily obtained raw materials, short preparation period, mild preparation conditions and low raw material and preparation cost;
(3) the AuNCs are uniformly distributed and have small particle size (less than 2nm), so that more active sites can be provided for the Fenton reaction;
(4) the CNT network structure is used as a carrier of AuNCs nano particles, so that the specific surface area and the porosity are increased compared with those of a granular catalyst, the gold load of a unit carrier is improved, and the problem that the granular catalyst is difficult to recover is solved;
(5) AuNCs is used as a heterogeneous catalyst, and perfectly solves the problem that the traditional Fenton catalyst is only suitable forAt acidic pH, Fe3+The conversion efficiency is low, and the like, and the oxidation function is further improved;
(6)Au+and Au0The cyclic regeneration can be realized, and the stability and the continuity of the Fenton system are ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a TEM image of the Au-cluster-CNT electrocatalytic film prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a continuous flow electro-Fenton system;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of the tetracycline treatment effect of the gold cluster-carbon nanotube electrocatalytic film and the pure CNT film of example 2;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the effect of the Au-cluster-CNT electrocatalytic film on tetracycline treatment under different pH conditions.
Detailed Description
In order to make the invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Examples
A preparation method of a gold cluster-carbon nanotube electrocatalytic film comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 25mL of chloroauric acid solution with the concentration of 20mmol/L in 235mL of ultrapure water, then adding 200mL of mercaptohexanoic acid solution with the concentration of 5mmol/L into the mixed solution, and stirring for 2 min;
(2) sequentially adding 30mL of 1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution and 10mL of 0.1mol/L sodium borohydride solution into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1), and fully stirring for 3 hours;
(3) dissolving 15mg of multi-wall CNT in 20mL (2) of mixed solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion; ultrasonic conditions are as follows: the ultrasonic power is 150W, and the ultrasonic time is 40 min;
(4) and (3) carrying out vacuum filtration on the dispersion obtained in the step (3) to obtain the AuNCs/CNT film (a transmission electron microscope image is shown in figure 1).
Example 2
A method for treating tetracycline by using a continuous flow electro-Fenton system comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 2, the gold cluster-carbon nanotube electrocatalytic film prepared in example 1 as a cathode 2 and a porous titanium sheet as an anode 1 were placed in a double-layer membrane filtration device housing, under an applied electric potential, a continuous flow filtration mode was adopted, 20mg/L tetracycline-containing wastewater enters the double-layer membrane filtration device housing 3 through a peristaltic pump at a flow rate of 1.5mL/min along the direction of the solid arrow in fig. 2, and flows out along the direction of the hollow arrow in fig. 3 through the gold cluster-carbon nanotube electrocatalytic film (the reaction conditions were set to be 38 ± 1mg/L in DO concentration, 6.7 in pH, and-2.5V in applied voltage).
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 2 in that the cathode employs a CNT film instead of the gold cluster-carbon nanotube electrocatalytic thin film.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 2 in that the reaction conditions were pH 3.2.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 2 in that the reaction conditions were pH 10.6.
The experimental data of example 2 and comparative example 1 are shown in fig. 3, and the experimental data of example 2 and comparative example 3 are shown in fig. 4. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the degradation effect of pure CNT film on tetracycline is only 30.4% in the presence of-2.5V voltage, which is less than the degradation effect (83.3%) of tetracycline by using Au cluster-CNT electrocatalytic film. As can be seen from fig. 4, at-2.5V, the tetracycline removal rates were 92.5%, 83.3 and 21.2% at pH 3.2, 6.7 and 10.6, respectively, indicating that the electro-Fenton reaction can occur over a relatively wide pH range (3-7).
Example 3
A method for treating bisphenol A by a continuous flow electro-Fenton system comprises the following steps:
this example differs from example 2 in that the target contaminant is bisphenol a and the reaction conditions are pH 3.0. After 4 hours of treatment, the removal rate of bisphenol A in the sample can reach more than 80%.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a gold cluster-carbon nanotube electrocatalytic film is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1): dissolving chloroauric acid solution in ultrapure water, then adding mercaptohexanoic acid solution into the mixed solution, and uniformly stirring;
step 2): sequentially adding a sodium hydroxide solution and a sodium borohydride solution into the mixed solution obtained in the step 1) and fully stirring;
step 3): dissolving and dispersing the multi-wall CNT in the mixed solution obtained in the step 2);
step 4): and (3) carrying out vacuum filtration on the dispersion liquid obtained in the step 3) to a PTFE support membrane, and finally preparing the gold cluster-carbon nanotube electro-catalytic membrane.
2. The method for preparing a gold cluster-carbon nanotube electrocatalytic film according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of chloroauric acid in the step 1) is 20 mmol/L; the volume ratio of the chloroauric acid solution to the ultrapure water is 1: 9.4; the concentration of mercaptohexanoic acid was 5 mmol/L.
3. The method for preparing a gold cluster-carbon nanotube electrocatalytic film according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the step 2) is 1 mol/L; the concentration of sodium borohydride is 0.1 mol/L; the stirring time was 3 h.
4. The method for preparing the gold cluster-carbon nanotube electrocatalytic film according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the multi-walled CNTs to the mixed solution in the step 3) is (15 to 20) mg: (20-30) mL; ultrasonic dispersion is adopted for dispersion, the ultrasonic power is 50-200W, and the ultrasonic time is 40-60 min.
5. The application of the gold cluster-carbon nanotube electrocatalytic film prepared by the preparation method of the gold cluster-carbon nanotube electrocatalytic film as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 in treating organic pollutants in a continuous flow electro-Fenton system.
6. The use of claim 5, wherein the prepared gold cluster-carbon nanotube electrocatalytic film is used as a cathode, the porous titanium sheet is used as an anode to prepare a continuous flow electro-Fenton system, and the solution containing the organic pollutants is filtered through the continuous flow electro-Fenton system by a peristaltic pump.
7. The use according to claim 6, wherein the flow rate of the solution containing the organic contaminant through the continuous flow electro-Fenton system is 1.5-3 mL/min.
8. The use according to claim 6, wherein the cathode has a voltage of 1 to 3V and a pH of 3 to 11.
9. The use of claim 6, wherein the organic contaminant is at least one of tetracycline and bisphenol A.
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| CN112827366A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-05-25 | 东华大学 | Preparation and application of nano zero-valent copper-based modified carbon nanotube filter membrane |
| CN115055208A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-16 | 安庆市长三角未来产业研究院 | Preparation method of two-phase flow catalytic membrane, two-phase flow catalytic membrane and application thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112827366A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-05-25 | 东华大学 | Preparation and application of nano zero-valent copper-based modified carbon nanotube filter membrane |
| CN112827366B (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-12-10 | 东华大学 | Preparation and application of nano zero-valent copper-based modified carbon nanotube filter membrane |
| CN115055208A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-16 | 安庆市长三角未来产业研究院 | Preparation method of two-phase flow catalytic membrane, two-phase flow catalytic membrane and application thereof |
| CN115055208B (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2024-05-10 | 安庆市长三角未来产业研究院 | Preparation method of two-phase flow catalytic membrane, two-phase flow catalytic membrane and application thereof |
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