CN112022889A - Fresh notoginseng processing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a processing method of fresh pseudo-ginseng, which comprises the following steps: (1) excavating: digging and detecting fresh pseudo-ginseng, pulling to a designated processing place for processing after the pseudo-ginseng is detected to be qualified, (2) sorting: a) checking whether the sorting chamber is clean, b) preparing sorting tools such as bamboo baskets, turnover boxes and the like, and c) removing the pseudo-ginseng, pseudo-ginseng stems and leaves, impurities and the like damaged by the pests in the fresh pseudo-ginseng. The invention divides the notoginseng into five different types of main root, sliced notoginseng, cut root, branch root and hairy root, which can improve the drying efficiency and save energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pseudo-ginseng processing, and particularly relates to a fresh pseudo-ginseng processing method.
Background
Notoginseng, the name of traditional Chinese medicine. It is mainly produced in Yunnan Wenshan, so that Wenshan pseudo-ginseng, also called Wenshan pseudo-ginseng, is the dried root and rhizome of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen, a plant of Araliaceae. Digging before blossom in autumn, cleaning, separating main root, branch root and rhizome, and drying. The branch root is called as "tendon" and the rhizome is called as "cut mouth" and has the functions of hemoptysis, hematemesis, epistaxis, hematochezia, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis, traumatic hemorrhage, thoracico-abdominal pain, traumatic injury and swelling pain.
The Wenshan pseudo-ginseng industry provides measures and methods for high-quality development. The wenshan pseudo-ginseng is the most unique biological resource in wenshan, and is also the industry with the largest development potential and the widest development prospect in the whole state. In order to build the industry of the Wenshan pseudo-ginseng in hundreds of millions of yuan and promote the high-quality development of the Wenshan pseudo-ginseng industry, the Wenshan state committee and the state people government put forward the development conception of eight industrial systems of standard planting, fine and deep processing, circulation market, technological innovation, pseudo-ginseng brand, development guarantee, culture propaganda and industry governance, the corresponding measures for constructing the eight industrial systems of the pseudo-ginseng industry are formulated, the high-quality development of the Wenshan pseudo-ginseng industry is promoted by establishing a sound and perfect whole industrial chain development system of the pseudo-ginseng, and the great-done of the Wenshan pseudo-ginseng industry is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a method for processing fresh panax notoginseng.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the processing method of fresh pseudo-ginseng comprises the following steps:
(1) excavating: digging fresh pseudo-ginseng, detecting, and pulling to a designated processing place for processing after the pseudo-ginseng is detected to be qualified;
(2) sorting:
a) checking whether the picking chamber is clean;
b) preparing a picking tool such as a basket, a turnover box and the like;
c) removing Notoginseng radix, Notoginseng radix stem and leaf and impurities damaged by pests from fresh Notoginseng radix.
(3) Trimming:
a) pruning with a fresh pseudo-ginseng pruning device, and checking whether a pruning room is clean or not;
b) and (3) placing the trimmed fresh main root, branch root, cut opening and hairy root of the pseudo-ginseng in a turnover tool, hanging the state mark, and then conveying to the next procedure for cleaning.
(4) Cleaning: cleaning machine using pseudo-ginseng
a) Cleaning with Notoginseng radix cleaning machine, and checking whether the cleaning room is clean.
b) And respectively putting the trimmed main root, branch root, cut opening and hairy root of the pseudo-ginseng into a pseudo-ginseng cleaning machine for cleaning, and sending to equipment for removing heavy metals and pesticide residues.
(5) Removing heavy metals and pesticide residues:
the cleaned fresh pseudo-ginseng is transmitted to an ultrasonic wave, ozone and ultraviolet ray combined device to remove heavy metals and pesticide residues. The outside of container is provided with ultrasonic vibrator and sterilamp, and there is the ozone water machine through the pipe connection, be connected through ozone water inlet tube and ozone water wet return between ozone water machine and the container, the ultrasonic vibrator passes through the cable and links to each other with ultrasonic emitter, the high-frequency oscillation signal that ultrasonic emitter sent converts high-frequency mechanical oscillation into through the ultrasonic vibrator, and pass the stainless steel bottom plate of container to the inside transmission ultrasonic vibration of container, with the sterilamp, ozone water machine and ultrasonic vibrator are installed on the container simultaneously, the simultaneous working, play further disinfect and decompose the incomplete farming, the effect of heavy metal. The synergistic effect with ultraviolet light can obviously accelerate the degradation rate of the organic matters, and greatly reduce the COD and BOD contents.
The combination of ultrasonic wave and ozone oxidation technology can fully disperse and dissolve ozone, the addition amount of the ozone is reduced, the oxidation capacity of the ozone is improved, the decomposition of the ozone is enhanced by means of ultrasonic cavitation effect and physicochemical effect generated by the ultrasonic cavitation effect, a large amount of free radicals are generated, and high-temperature and high-pressure ozone cavitation bubbles generated by the ultrasonic wave are easier to decompose pesticide residues. The ozone filled on the container can be recycled into water, and secondary pollution can not be caused.
(6) Slicing and cutting particles:
the workshop site must be clean and sanitary, and the surrounding must not have pollution source. The cleaned fresh pseudo-ginseng is processed into pseudo-ginseng slices and pseudo-ginseng granules with different specifications according to the requirements of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces and feeding materials of pharmaceutical factories.
(7) Drying in a curing barn:
a) the dry field is required to be clean and sanitary, and no pollution source is required around the dry field;
b) putting fresh radix Notoginseng into baking tray, placing on a cart, and pushing into baking room.
Further, the detection technology used in the step (1) is a terahertz spectrum technology.
Furthermore, the drying process of the pseudo-ginseng is a key process, and the quality of drying is an important factor directly influencing the appearance, the medicine property and other indexes of the pseudo-ginseng. Therefore, it is very important to grasp the drying method of notoginseng. Through analysis of pseudo-ginseng drying, the pseudo-ginseng drying is a very complex heat and mass exchange process, and the drying process is not only influenced by the characteristics and the material parameters of pseudo-ginseng, but also has an important relation with climatic conditions and process requirements; it is not only a physical process, but also a biological and chemical process; the drying process is not only to remove water, but also to retain its nutritional components and medicinal value. The temperature in the drying process is an important parameter, and according to analysis of long-term experimental results, the temperature of over 60 ℃ can cause the skin to be wet in the skin due to overhigh temperature, the skin is hollow after being dried, and even the pseudo-ginseng can be scorched, so that the quality of the pseudo-ginseng is reduced due to the loss of the medicine; the drying time can be prolonged due to too low temperature, and timely recovery of pseudo-ginseng is not facilitated, so that the pseudo-ginseng is not dried due to too high or too low temperature, generally, the temperature is suitable between 20 ℃ and 60 ℃, but the processing and drying procedure of the pseudo-ginseng still stays in the original drying, and the drying almost still adopts the original artificial mode of burning coal and firewood. With the increasing of the current planting, the yield is greatly improved, and the current traditional drying mode can not meet the requirements of farmers on quality and quantity, so that the air energy heat pump dryer can solve the eyebrow burning requirement. Compared with the traditional mode, the air energy heat pump dryer greatly improves the quality of pseudo-ginseng, has full pseudo-ginseng shape, keeps the original drug effect, reduces the labor cost, is safe, sanitary and pollution-free, and greatly prolongs the shelf life of the product.
Further, the step (7) is dried by adopting an air-energy heat pump dryer, and the drying in the drying room in the step (7) is mainly divided into the following five types of pseudo-ginseng which are respectively dried:
baking fresh notoginseng root
1. Preheating:
setting the temperature to 40-45 ℃, gradually heating to ensure that the temperature in the baking room slowly rises to the target temperature, and continuously baking for 8 hours; because the moisture in the fresh pseudo-ginseng is higher at this moment, the humidity in a baking room workshop cannot be lower than 80 percent, otherwise, the epidermis of the pseudo-ginseng is dehydrated too fast, the interior of the fruit cannot be dehydrated effectively, and the phenomenon of 'external dryness and internal wetness' occurs;
2. and (3) drying:
setting the temperature of a baking room to be 50-55 ℃, gradually heating, and continuously baking for 8 hours to ensure that the interior of the main root of the panax notoginseng can be uniformly dehydrated, wherein the humidity is set to be 70% in the stage, and the baking enters a stable baking stage;
3. and (3) dehydrating:
keeping the baking temperature unchanged, continuously baking for 8 hours, quickly dehydrating the interior of the main root of the panax notoginseng during the baking process, and gradually reducing the humidity in the baking room from 70% to 30% in order to ensure the baking effect, wherein the moisture must be effectively discharged in time;
4. cooling and storing:
adjusting the temperature of the baking room to 40 deg.C, maintaining the humidity at 30%, baking for 8 hr to gradually harden the main root of Notoginseng radix, baking and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 13%, and transporting Notoginseng radix out of the baking room;
placing Notoginseng radix main root on Notoginseng radix weight sorting machine, classifying according to size (commonly called as head number), grading to obtain various specifications (specification including 10 heads, 20 heads, 30 heads, 40 heads, 60 heads, 80 heads and countless heads), respectively holding the graded Notoginseng radix with turnover box, hanging state mark, sampling, inspecting (terahertz wave spectrum technology for rapidly detecting Notoginseng radix components), and packaging and storing.
Slicing fresh Notoginseng radix, cutting into granules, and baking
1. Preheating:
setting the temperature to 40-45 ℃, gradually heating to ensure that the temperature in the baking room is slowly increased to the target temperature, and continuously baking for 6 hours; because the fresh pseudo-ginseng has higher water content at this time, the humidity in a baking room workshop cannot be lower than 80 percent;
2. and (3) drying:
setting the temperature of a baking room to be 50-55 ℃, gradually heating, and continuously baking for 6 hours to ensure that sliced panax notoginseng and the interior of particles can be uniformly dehydrated, wherein the humidity is set to be 70% at the stage, and baking enters a stable baking stage;
3. and (3) dehydrating:
keeping the baking temperature unchanged, continuously baking for 6 hours, quickly dehydrating the interior of pseudo-ginseng slices and cut particles in the baking process, effectively discharging water in time, and gradually reducing the humidity in the baking room from 70% to 30%;
4. cooling and storing:
adjusting the temperature of the baking room to 40 deg.C, maintaining the humidity at 30%, baking for 4 hr to gradually harden Notoginseng radix slices and granules, baking and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 13%, and transporting Notoginseng radix slices and Notoginseng radix granules out of the baking room. The pseudo-ginseng is contained by a turnover box, the state mark is hung, sampled and inspected (the terahertz wave spectrum technology is used for rapidly detecting the pseudo-ginseng components), and then packaged and stored;
the cleaned fresh pseudo-ginseng is processed into pseudo-ginseng slices and pseudo-ginseng granules with different specifications according to the requirements of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces and batch charging of pharmaceutical factories, and the baking time and energy consumption are reduced by at least more than 30%.
(III) fresh pseudo-ginseng cutting
1. Preheating:
setting the temperature to 40-45 ℃, gradually heating to ensure that the temperature in the baking room slowly rises to the target temperature, and continuously baking for 9 hours; because the moisture in the cut of the fresh pseudo-ginseng is higher at this moment, the humidity in a baking room workshop cannot be lower than 80 percent, otherwise, the epidermis of the cut of the pseudo-ginseng cannot be dehydrated too fast, the interior of the fruit cannot be effectively dehydrated, and the phenomenon of 'external dryness and internal humidity' occurs;
2. and (3) drying:
setting the temperature of a baking room to be 50-55 ℃, gradually heating, and continuously baking for 10 hours to ensure that the interior of a cut of the pseudo-ginseng can be uniformly dehydrated, wherein the humidity is set to be 70% in the stage, and the baking enters a stable baking stage;
3. and (3) dehydrating:
keeping the baking temperature unchanged, continuously baking for 9 hours, quickly dehydrating the interior of the cut of the pseudo-ginseng in the baking process, and gradually reducing the humidity in the baking room from 70% to 30% in order to ensure the baking effect, wherein the moisture must be effectively discharged in time;
4. cooling and storing:
adjusting the temperature of the curing barn to 40 ℃, keeping the humidity at 30%, continuously baking for 8 hours, gradually hardening the cut texture of the pseudo-ginseng, baking and drying until the moisture content is less than or equal to 13%, and transporting the cut of the pseudo-ginseng out of the curing barn. The pseudo-ginseng is contained by a turnover box, the state mark is hung, sampled and inspected (the terahertz wave spectrum technology is used for rapidly detecting the pseudo-ginseng components), and then packaged and stored.
(IV) fresh Notoginseng radix
1. Preheating:
setting the temperature to 40-45 ℃, gradually heating to ensure that the temperature in the baking room slowly rises to the target temperature, and continuously baking for 8 hours; because the moisture in the fresh panax notoginseng rootlets is higher at this time, the humidity in a baking room workshop cannot be lower than 80 percent, otherwise, the epidermis of the panax notoginseng rootlets can be dehydrated too fast, the interior of fruits can not be effectively dehydrated, and the phenomenon of 'external dryness and internal humidity' occurs;
2. and (3) drying:
setting the temperature of a baking room to be 50-55 ℃, gradually heating, and continuously baking for 8 hours to ensure that the interior of the panax notoginseng rootlets can be uniformly dehydrated, wherein the humidity is set to be 70% in the stage, and the baking enters a stable baking stage;
3. and (3) dehydrating:
keeping the baking temperature unchanged, continuously baking for 6 hours, quickly dehydrating the interior of the panax notoginseng rootlets in the baking process, and gradually reducing the humidity in the baking room from 70% to 30% in order to ensure the baking effect, wherein the moisture must be effectively discharged in time;
4. cooling and storing:
adjusting the temperature of the baking room to 40 deg.C, maintaining the humidity at 30%, baking for 4 hr to gradually harden the root of Notoginseng radix, baking and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 13%, and transporting Notoginseng radix out of the baking room. The pseudo-ginseng is contained by a turnover box, the state mark is hung, sampled and inspected (the terahertz wave spectrum technology is used for rapidly detecting the pseudo-ginseng components), and then packaged and stored.
(V) fresh Notoginseng radix hairy root
1. Preheating:
setting the temperature to 40-45 ℃, gradually heating to ensure that the temperature in the baking room slowly rises to the target temperature, and continuously baking for 8 hours; because the moisture in fresh pseudo-ginseng is higher at this moment, the humidity in a baking room workshop cannot be lower than 80 percent, otherwise, the epidermis of the hairy root of the pseudo-ginseng cannot be dehydrated too fast, the interior of the fruit cannot be dehydrated effectively, and the phenomenon of 'external dryness and internal dampness' occurs;
2. and (3) drying:
setting the temperature of a baking room to be 50-55 ℃, gradually heating, and continuously baking for 6 hours to ensure that the interior of the pseudo-ginseng hairy roots can be uniformly dehydrated, wherein the humidity is set to be 70% in the stage, and the baking enters a stable baking stage;
3. and (3) dehydrating:
keeping the baking temperature unchanged, continuously baking for 6 hours, quickly dehydrating the interior of the pseudo-ginseng hairy roots in the baking process, and gradually reducing the humidity in the baking room from 70% to 30% in order to ensure the baking effect, wherein the moisture must be effectively discharged in time;
4. cooling and storing:
adjusting the temperature of the baking room to 40 deg.C, maintaining the humidity at 30%, baking for 4 hr to gradually harden the texture of Notoginseng radix hair root, baking and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 13%, and transporting Notoginseng radix out of the baking room. The pseudo-ginseng is contained by a turnover box, the state mark is hung, sampled and inspected (the terahertz wave spectrum technology is used for rapidly detecting the pseudo-ginseng components), and then packaged and stored;
furthermore, an air energy heat pump dryer is adopted during drying of the pseudo-ginseng, so that air energy is absorbed and converted into heat, the pseudo-ginseng drying technology is upgraded, the pseudo-ginseng is greatly reduced, the field is tidy, energy is saved, harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide are not discharged, the influence of the harmful gases on the quality of the pseudo-ginseng product, the harm to human health and the corrosion to plants and equipment are avoided, the service lives of the plants and the equipment are prolonged, a coal-fired baking room is improved when the air energy heat pump dryer is applied to farmers in the production of the pseudo-ginseng in Yunnan Wenshan, coal is replaced by air, the harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide are not generated, the production environment is improved, meanwhile, the zero emission of carbon dioxide is realized, the full-automatic drying is realized, the temperature is tracked in the whole process.
Compared with the prior art, the processing method of fresh pseudo-ginseng has the following advantages:
1. when the pseudo-ginseng is dried, the pseudo-ginseng is divided into five different types, namely main pseudo-ginseng root, pseudo-ginseng slice, pseudo-ginseng cut, pseudo-ginseng branch root and pseudo-ginseng hairy root, so that the drying efficiency can be improved, and the energy can be saved;
2. the drying process of the invention adopts the air energy heat pump dryer, thus greatly improving the quality of the pseudo-ginseng, ensuring the pseudo-ginseng to be plump, keeping the original drug effect, reducing the labor cost, being safe and sanitary, having no pollution and greatly prolonging the shelf life of the product;
3. the invention adopts the ultraviolet germicidal lamp, the ozone water machine and the ultrasonic vibrator to remove heavy metals and pesticide residues, can obviously accelerate the degradation rate of organic matters and greatly reduce the COD and BOD contents.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, technical terms used in the following examples have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The processing method of fresh pseudo-ginseng comprises the following steps:
(1) excavating: digging fresh pseudo-ginseng, detecting, and pulling to a designated processing place for processing after the pseudo-ginseng is detected to be qualified;
(2) sorting:
a) checking whether the picking chamber is clean;
b) preparing a picking tool such as a basket, a turnover box and the like;
c) removing Notoginseng radix, Notoginseng radix stem and leaf and impurities damaged by pests from fresh Notoginseng radix.
(3) Trimming:
a) pruning with a fresh pseudo-ginseng pruning device, and checking whether a pruning room is clean or not;
b) and (3) placing the trimmed fresh main root, branch root, cut opening and hairy root of the pseudo-ginseng in a turnover tool, hanging the state mark, and then conveying to the next procedure for cleaning.
(4) Cleaning: cleaning machine using pseudo-ginseng
a) Cleaning with Notoginseng radix cleaning machine, and checking whether the cleaning room is clean.
b) And respectively putting the trimmed main root, branch root, cut opening and hairy root of the pseudo-ginseng into a pseudo-ginseng cleaning machine for cleaning, and sending to equipment for removing heavy metals and pesticide residues.
(5) Removing heavy metals and pesticide residues:
the cleaned fresh pseudo-ginseng is transmitted to an ultrasonic wave, ozone and ultraviolet ray combined device to remove heavy metals and pesticide residues. The outside of container is provided with ultrasonic vibrator and sterilamp, and there is the ozone water machine through the pipe connection, be connected through ozone water inlet tube and ozone water wet return between ozone water machine and the container, the ultrasonic vibrator passes through the cable and links to each other with ultrasonic emitter, the high-frequency oscillation signal that ultrasonic emitter sent converts high-frequency mechanical oscillation into through the ultrasonic vibrator, and pass the stainless steel bottom plate of container to the inside transmission ultrasonic vibration of container, with the sterilamp, ozone water machine and ultrasonic vibrator are installed on the container simultaneously, the simultaneous working, play further disinfect and decompose the incomplete farming, the effect of heavy metal. The synergistic effect with ultraviolet light can obviously accelerate the degradation rate of the organic matters, and greatly reduce the COD and BOD contents.
The combination of ultrasonic wave and ozone oxidation technology can fully disperse and dissolve ozone, the addition amount of the ozone is reduced, the oxidation capacity of the ozone is improved, the decomposition of the ozone is enhanced by means of ultrasonic cavitation effect and physicochemical effect generated by the ultrasonic cavitation effect, a large amount of free radicals are generated, and high-temperature and high-pressure ozone cavitation bubbles generated by the ultrasonic wave are easier to decompose pesticide residues. The ozone filled on the container can be recycled into water, and secondary pollution can not be caused.
(6) Slicing and cutting particles:
the workshop site must be clean and sanitary, and the surrounding must not have pollution source. The cleaned fresh pseudo-ginseng is processed into pseudo-ginseng slices and pseudo-ginseng granules with different specifications according to the requirements of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces and feeding materials of pharmaceutical factories.
(7) Drying in a curing barn:
a) the dry field is required to be clean and sanitary, and no pollution source is required around the dry field;
b) putting fresh radix Notoginseng into baking tray, placing on a cart, and pushing into baking room.
In this embodiment, the detection technique used in step (1) is a terahertz spectroscopy technique.
In this embodiment, the step (7) is performed by using an air-energy heat pump dryer, and the drying in the drying room in the step (7) is mainly performed by the following five types of notoginseng:
baking fresh notoginseng root
1. Preheating:
setting the temperature to 40-45 ℃, gradually heating to ensure that the temperature in the baking room slowly rises to the target temperature, and continuously baking for 8 hours; because the moisture in the fresh pseudo-ginseng is higher at this moment, the humidity in a baking room workshop cannot be lower than 80 percent, otherwise, the epidermis of the pseudo-ginseng is dehydrated too fast, the interior of the fruit cannot be dehydrated effectively, and the phenomenon of 'external dryness and internal wetness' occurs;
2. and (3) drying:
setting the temperature of a baking room to be 50-55 ℃, gradually heating, and continuously baking for 8 hours to ensure that the interior of the main root of the panax notoginseng can be uniformly dehydrated, wherein the humidity is set to be 70% in the stage, and the baking enters a stable baking stage;
3. and (3) dehydrating:
keeping the baking temperature unchanged, continuously baking for 8 hours, quickly dehydrating the interior of the main root of the panax notoginseng during the baking process, and gradually reducing the humidity in the baking room from 70% to 30% in order to ensure the baking effect, wherein the moisture must be effectively discharged in time;
4. cooling and storing:
adjusting the temperature of the baking room to 40 deg.C, maintaining the humidity at 30%, baking for 8 hr to gradually harden the main root of Notoginseng radix, baking and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 13%, and transporting Notoginseng radix out of the baking room;
placing Notoginseng radix main root on Notoginseng radix weight sorting machine, classifying according to size (commonly called as head number), grading to obtain various specifications (specification including 10 heads, 20 heads, 30 heads, 40 heads, 60 heads, 80 heads and countless heads), respectively holding the graded Notoginseng radix with turnover box, hanging state mark, sampling, inspecting (terahertz wave spectrum technology for rapidly detecting Notoginseng radix components), and packaging and storing.
Slicing fresh Notoginseng radix, cutting into granules, and baking
1. Preheating:
setting the temperature to 40-45 ℃, gradually heating to ensure that the temperature in the baking room is slowly increased to the target temperature, and continuously baking for 6 hours; because the fresh pseudo-ginseng has higher water content at this time, the humidity in a baking room workshop cannot be lower than 80 percent;
2. and (3) drying:
setting the temperature of a baking room to be 50-55 ℃, gradually heating, and continuously baking for 6 hours to ensure that sliced panax notoginseng and the interior of particles can be uniformly dehydrated, wherein the humidity is set to be 70% at the stage, and baking enters a stable baking stage;
3. and (3) dehydrating:
keeping the baking temperature unchanged, continuously baking for 6 hours, quickly dehydrating the interior of pseudo-ginseng slices and cut particles in the baking process, effectively discharging water in time, and gradually reducing the humidity in the baking room from 70% to 30%;
4. cooling and storing:
adjusting the temperature of the baking room to 40 deg.C, maintaining the humidity at 30%, baking for 4 hr to gradually harden Notoginseng radix slices and granules, baking and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 13%, and transporting Notoginseng radix slices and Notoginseng radix granules out of the baking room. The pseudo-ginseng is contained by a turnover box, the state mark is hung, sampled and inspected (the terahertz wave spectrum technology is used for rapidly detecting the pseudo-ginseng components), and then packaged and stored;
the cleaned fresh pseudo-ginseng is processed into pseudo-ginseng slices and pseudo-ginseng granules with different specifications according to the requirements of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces and batch charging of pharmaceutical factories, and the baking time and energy consumption are reduced by at least more than 30%.
(III) fresh pseudo-ginseng cutting
1. Preheating:
setting the temperature to 40-45 ℃, gradually heating to ensure that the temperature in the baking room slowly rises to the target temperature, and continuously baking for 9 hours; because the moisture in the cut of the fresh pseudo-ginseng is higher at this moment, the humidity in a baking room workshop cannot be lower than 80 percent, otherwise, the epidermis of the cut of the pseudo-ginseng cannot be dehydrated too fast, the interior of the fruit cannot be effectively dehydrated, and the phenomenon of 'external dryness and internal humidity' occurs;
2. and (3) drying:
setting the temperature of a baking room to be 50-55 ℃, gradually heating, and continuously baking for 10 hours to ensure that the interior of a cut of the pseudo-ginseng can be uniformly dehydrated, wherein the humidity is set to be 70% in the stage, and the baking enters a stable baking stage;
3. and (3) dehydrating:
keeping the baking temperature unchanged, continuously baking for 9 hours, quickly dehydrating the interior of the cut of the pseudo-ginseng in the baking process, and gradually reducing the humidity in the baking room from 70% to 30% in order to ensure the baking effect, wherein the moisture must be effectively discharged in time;
4. cooling and storing:
adjusting the temperature of the curing barn to 40 ℃, keeping the humidity at 30%, continuously baking for 8 hours, gradually hardening the cut texture of the pseudo-ginseng, baking and drying until the moisture content is less than or equal to 13%, and transporting the cut of the pseudo-ginseng out of the curing barn. The pseudo-ginseng is contained by a turnover box, the state mark is hung, sampled and inspected (the terahertz wave spectrum technology is used for rapidly detecting the pseudo-ginseng components), and then packaged and stored.
(IV) fresh Notoginseng radix
1. Preheating:
setting the temperature to 40-45 ℃, gradually heating to ensure that the temperature in the baking room slowly rises to the target temperature, and continuously baking for 8 hours; because the moisture in the fresh panax notoginseng rootlets is higher at this time, the humidity in a baking room workshop cannot be lower than 80 percent, otherwise, the epidermis of the panax notoginseng rootlets can be dehydrated too fast, the interior of fruits can not be effectively dehydrated, and the phenomenon of 'external dryness and internal humidity' occurs;
2. and (3) drying:
setting the temperature of a baking room to be 50-55 ℃, gradually heating, and continuously baking for 8 hours to ensure that the interior of the panax notoginseng rootlets can be uniformly dehydrated, wherein the humidity is set to be 70% in the stage, and the baking enters a stable baking stage;
3. and (3) dehydrating:
keeping the baking temperature unchanged, continuously baking for 6 hours, quickly dehydrating the interior of the panax notoginseng rootlets in the baking process, and gradually reducing the humidity in the baking room from 70% to 30% in order to ensure the baking effect, wherein the moisture must be effectively discharged in time;
4. cooling and storing:
adjusting the temperature of the baking room to 40 deg.C, maintaining the humidity at 30%, baking for 4 hr to gradually harden the root of Notoginseng radix, baking and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 13%, and transporting Notoginseng radix out of the baking room. The pseudo-ginseng is contained by a turnover box, the state mark is hung, sampled and inspected (the terahertz wave spectrum technology is used for rapidly detecting the pseudo-ginseng components), and then packaged and stored.
(V) fresh Notoginseng radix hairy root
1. Preheating:
setting the temperature to 40-45 ℃, gradually heating to ensure that the temperature in the baking room slowly rises to the target temperature, and continuously baking for 8 hours; because the moisture in fresh pseudo-ginseng is higher at this moment, the humidity in a baking room workshop cannot be lower than 80 percent, otherwise, the epidermis of the hairy root of the pseudo-ginseng cannot be dehydrated too fast, the interior of the fruit cannot be dehydrated effectively, and the phenomenon of 'external dryness and internal dampness' occurs;
2. and (3) drying:
setting the temperature of a baking room to be 50-55 ℃, gradually heating, and continuously baking for 6 hours to ensure that the interior of the pseudo-ginseng hairy roots can be uniformly dehydrated, wherein the humidity is set to be 70% in the stage, and the baking enters a stable baking stage;
3. and (3) dehydrating:
keeping the baking temperature unchanged, continuously baking for 6 hours, quickly dehydrating the interior of the pseudo-ginseng hairy roots in the baking process, and gradually reducing the humidity in the baking room from 70% to 30% in order to ensure the baking effect, wherein the moisture must be effectively discharged in time;
4. cooling and storing:
adjusting the temperature of the baking room to 40 deg.C, maintaining the humidity at 30%, baking for 4 hr to gradually harden the texture of Notoginseng radix hair root, baking and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 13%, and transporting Notoginseng radix out of the baking room. The pseudo-ginseng is contained by a turnover box, the state mark is hung, sampled and inspected (the terahertz wave spectrum technology is used for rapidly detecting the pseudo-ginseng components), and then packaged and stored;
in the embodiment, an air energy heat pump dryer is adopted during drying of panax notoginseng to absorb air energy and convert the air energy into heat, the panax notoginseng drying technology is upgraded, panax notoginseng is greatly reduced, the field is tidy, energy is saved, harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide are not discharged, the harmful gases are prevented from influencing the quality of panax notoginseng products and causing harm to human health and corroding plants and equipment, the service lives of the plants and the equipment are prolonged, a coal-fired baking room is improved when the air energy heat pump dryer is applied to farmers in Yunnan Wenshan panax notoginseng production, air replaces coal, harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide are not generated, the production environment is improved, meanwhile, zero carbon dioxide emission, low carbon and environmental protection are achieved, full-automatic drying is achieved, the temperature is tracked in the whole process, automatic adjustment is achieved, the block shape is full, the.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (2)
1. The processing method of fresh pseudo-ginseng is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) excavating: digging fresh pseudo-ginseng, detecting, and pulling to a designated processing place for processing after the pseudo-ginseng is detected to be qualified;
(2) sorting:
a) checking whether the picking chamber is clean;
b) preparing a picking tool such as a basket, a turnover box and the like;
c) removing Notoginseng radix, Notoginseng radix stem and leaf and impurities damaged by pests from fresh Notoginseng radix.
(3) Trimming:
a) pruning with a fresh pseudo-ginseng pruning device, and checking whether a pruning room is clean or not;
b) and (3) placing the trimmed fresh main root, branch root, cut opening and hairy root of the pseudo-ginseng in a turnover tool, hanging the state mark, and then conveying to the next procedure for cleaning.
(4) Cleaning: cleaning machine using pseudo-ginseng
a) Cleaning with Notoginseng radix cleaning machine, and checking whether the cleaning room is clean.
b) And respectively putting the trimmed main root, branch root, cut opening and hairy root of the pseudo-ginseng into a pseudo-ginseng cleaning machine for cleaning, and sending to equipment for removing heavy metals and pesticide residues.
(5) Removing heavy metals and pesticide residues:
the cleaned fresh pseudo-ginseng is transmitted to an ultrasonic wave, ozone and ultraviolet ray combined device to remove heavy metals and pesticide residues.
(6) Slicing and cutting particles:
the workshop site must be clean and sanitary, and the surrounding must not have pollution source. The cleaned fresh pseudo-ginseng is processed into pseudo-ginseng slices and pseudo-ginseng granules with different specifications according to the requirements of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces and feeding materials of pharmaceutical factories.
(7) Drying in a curing barn:
a) the dry field is required to be clean and sanitary, and no pollution source is required around the dry field;
b) putting fresh radix Notoginseng into baking tray, placing on a cart, and pushing into baking room.
2. The method for processing fresh notoginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the detection technology used in the step (1) is a terahertz spectrum technology.
The step (7) is dried by adopting an air-source heat pump dryer, and the drying room in the step (7) is mainly divided into the following five types of pseudo-ginseng which are respectively dried:
baking fresh notoginseng root
1. Preheating:
setting the temperature to 40-45 ℃, gradually heating to ensure that the temperature in the baking room slowly rises to the target temperature, and continuously baking for 8 hours; because the moisture in the fresh pseudo-ginseng is higher at this moment, the humidity in a baking room workshop cannot be lower than 80 percent, otherwise, the epidermis of the pseudo-ginseng is dehydrated too fast, the interior of the fruit cannot be dehydrated effectively, and the phenomenon of 'external dryness and internal wetness' occurs;
2. and (3) drying:
setting the temperature of a baking room to be 50-55 ℃, gradually heating, and continuously baking for 8 hours to ensure that the interior of the main root of the panax notoginseng can be uniformly dehydrated, wherein the humidity is set to be 70% in the stage, and the baking enters a stable baking stage;
3. and (3) dehydrating:
keeping the baking temperature unchanged, continuously baking for 8 hours, quickly dehydrating the interior of the main root of the panax notoginseng during the baking process, and gradually reducing the humidity in the baking room from 70% to 30% in order to ensure the baking effect, wherein the moisture must be effectively discharged in time;
4. cooling and storing:
adjusting the temperature of the baking room to 40 deg.C, maintaining the humidity at 30%, baking for 8 hr to gradually harden the main root of Notoginseng radix, baking and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 13%, and transporting Notoginseng radix out of the baking room;
placing Notoginseng radix main root on Notoginseng radix weight sorting machine, classifying according to size (commonly called as head number), grading to obtain various specifications (specification including 10 heads, 20 heads, 30 heads, 40 heads, 60 heads, 80 heads and countless heads), respectively holding the graded Notoginseng radix with turnover box, hanging state mark, sampling, inspecting (terahertz wave spectrum technology for rapidly detecting Notoginseng radix components), and packaging and storing.
Slicing fresh Notoginseng radix, cutting into granules, and baking
1. Preheating:
setting the temperature to 40-45 ℃, gradually heating to ensure that the temperature in the baking room is slowly increased to the target temperature, and continuously baking for 6 hours; because the fresh pseudo-ginseng has higher water content at this time, the humidity in a baking room workshop cannot be lower than 80 percent;
2. and (3) drying:
setting the temperature of a baking room to be 50-55 ℃, gradually heating, and continuously baking for 6 hours to ensure that sliced panax notoginseng and the interior of particles can be uniformly dehydrated, wherein the humidity is set to be 70% at the stage, and baking enters a stable baking stage;
3. and (3) dehydrating:
keeping the baking temperature unchanged, continuously baking for 6 hours, quickly dehydrating the interior of pseudo-ginseng slices and cut particles in the baking process, effectively discharging water in time, and gradually reducing the humidity in the baking room from 70% to 30%;
4. cooling and storing:
adjusting the temperature of the baking room to 40 deg.C, maintaining the humidity at 30%, baking for 4 hr to gradually harden Notoginseng radix slices and granules, baking and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 13%, and transporting Notoginseng radix slices and Notoginseng radix granules out of the baking room. The pseudo-ginseng is contained by a turnover box, the state mark is hung, sampled and inspected (the terahertz wave spectrum technology is used for rapidly detecting the pseudo-ginseng components), and then packaged and stored;
the cleaned fresh pseudo-ginseng is processed into pseudo-ginseng slices and pseudo-ginseng granules with different specifications according to the requirements of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces and batch charging of pharmaceutical factories, and the baking time and energy consumption are reduced by at least more than 30%.
(III) fresh pseudo-ginseng cutting
1. Preheating:
setting the temperature to 40-45 ℃, gradually heating to ensure that the temperature in the baking room slowly rises to the target temperature, and continuously baking for 9 hours; because the moisture in the cut of the fresh pseudo-ginseng is higher at this moment, the humidity in a baking room workshop cannot be lower than 80 percent, otherwise, the epidermis of the cut of the pseudo-ginseng cannot be dehydrated too fast, the interior of the fruit cannot be effectively dehydrated, and the phenomenon of 'external dryness and internal humidity' occurs;
2. and (3) drying:
setting the temperature of a baking room to be 50-55 ℃, gradually heating, and continuously baking for 10 hours to ensure that the interior of a cut of the pseudo-ginseng can be uniformly dehydrated, wherein the humidity is set to be 70% in the stage, and the baking enters a stable baking stage;
3. and (3) dehydrating:
keeping the baking temperature unchanged, continuously baking for 9 hours, quickly dehydrating the interior of the cut of the pseudo-ginseng in the baking process, and gradually reducing the humidity in the baking room from 70% to 30% in order to ensure the baking effect, wherein the moisture must be effectively discharged in time;
4. cooling and storing:
adjusting the temperature of the curing barn to 40 ℃, keeping the humidity at 30%, continuously baking for 8 hours, gradually hardening the cut texture of the pseudo-ginseng, baking and drying until the moisture content is less than or equal to 13%, and transporting the cut of the pseudo-ginseng out of the curing barn. The pseudo-ginseng is contained by a turnover box, the state mark is hung, sampled and inspected (the terahertz wave spectrum technology is used for rapidly detecting the pseudo-ginseng components), and then packaged and stored.
(IV) fresh Notoginseng radix
1. Preheating:
setting the temperature to 40-45 ℃, gradually heating to ensure that the temperature in the baking room slowly rises to the target temperature, and continuously baking for 8 hours; because the moisture in the fresh panax notoginseng rootlets is higher at this time, the humidity in a baking room workshop cannot be lower than 80 percent, otherwise, the epidermis of the panax notoginseng rootlets can be dehydrated too fast, the interior of fruits can not be effectively dehydrated, and the phenomenon of 'external dryness and internal humidity' occurs;
2. and (3) drying:
setting the temperature of a baking room to be 50-55 ℃, gradually heating, and continuously baking for 8 hours to ensure that the interior of the panax notoginseng rootlets can be uniformly dehydrated, wherein the humidity is set to be 70% in the stage, and the baking enters a stable baking stage;
3. and (3) dehydrating:
keeping the baking temperature unchanged, continuously baking for 6 hours, quickly dehydrating the interior of the panax notoginseng rootlets in the baking process, and gradually reducing the humidity in the baking room from 70% to 30% in order to ensure the baking effect, wherein the moisture must be effectively discharged in time;
4. cooling and storing:
adjusting the temperature of the baking room to 40 deg.C, maintaining the humidity at 30%, baking for 4 hr to gradually harden the root of Notoginseng radix, baking and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 13%, and transporting Notoginseng radix out of the baking room. The pseudo-ginseng is contained by a turnover box, the state mark is hung, sampled and inspected (the terahertz wave spectrum technology is used for rapidly detecting the pseudo-ginseng components), and then packaged and stored.
(V) fresh Notoginseng radix hairy root
1. Preheating:
setting the temperature to 40-45 ℃, gradually heating to ensure that the temperature in the baking room slowly rises to the target temperature, and continuously baking for 8 hours; because the moisture in fresh pseudo-ginseng is higher at this moment, the humidity in a baking room workshop cannot be lower than 80 percent, otherwise, the epidermis of the hairy root of the pseudo-ginseng cannot be dehydrated too fast, the interior of the fruit cannot be dehydrated effectively, and the phenomenon of 'external dryness and internal dampness' occurs;
2. and (3) drying:
setting the temperature of a baking room to be 50-55 ℃, gradually heating, and continuously baking for 6 hours to ensure that the interior of the pseudo-ginseng hairy roots can be uniformly dehydrated, wherein the humidity is set to be 70% in the stage, and the baking enters a stable baking stage;
3. and (3) dehydrating:
keeping the baking temperature unchanged, continuously baking for 6 hours, quickly dehydrating the interior of the pseudo-ginseng hairy roots in the baking process, and gradually reducing the humidity in the baking room from 70% to 30% in order to ensure the baking effect, wherein the moisture must be effectively discharged in time;
4. cooling and storing:
adjusting the temperature of the baking room to 40 deg.C, maintaining the humidity at 30%, baking for 4 hr to gradually harden the texture of Notoginseng radix hair root, baking and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 13%, and transporting Notoginseng radix out of the baking room. The pseudo-ginseng is contained by a turnover box, the state mark is hung, sampled and inspected (the terahertz wave spectrum technology is used for rapidly detecting the pseudo-ginseng components), and then packaged and stored.
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| CN101618055A (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2010-01-06 | 文山三七药业股份有限公司 | Method for processing notoginseng decoction piece |
| CN103615867A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-03-05 | 文山华信三七股份有限公司 | Processing method for fast drying of pseudo-ginseng |
| CN108261433A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-07-10 | 文山苗乡三七科技有限公司 | The efficient Radix Notoginseng preliminary working method of clean energy-saving |
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| CN103615867A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-03-05 | 文山华信三七股份有限公司 | Processing method for fast drying of pseudo-ginseng |
| CN108261433A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-07-10 | 文山苗乡三七科技有限公司 | The efficient Radix Notoginseng preliminary working method of clean energy-saving |
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