CN112021636A - Cyclic deoxidation nitrogen-rich insect prevention device and method for closed bin - Google Patents
Cyclic deoxidation nitrogen-rich insect prevention device and method for closed bin Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/18—Other treatment of leaves, e.g. puffing, crimpling, cleaning
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/16—Preserving with chemicals
- A23B9/18—Preserving with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
- A23B9/20—Preserving with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere, e.g. partial vacuum, comprising only CO2, N2, O2 or H2O
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a circulating deoxidation nitrogen-rich insect prevention device and a method for a closed bin, which comprises a separation and removal unit, wherein the separation and removal unit is provided with a first air inlet end, a first air outlet end and a second air outlet end, the first air inlet end is used for being communicated with the left end inside the closed bin, the first air outlet end is used for being communicated with the right end inside the closed bin so as to form a closed and circulating loop between the separation and removal unit and the closed bin, the second air outlet end is communicated with the outside of the closed bin, the separation and removal unit is used for separating air in the closed bin, and discharging oxygen and other gases except oxygen in the air at the second air outlet end and the first air outlet end respectively; the device and the method for circularly deoxidizing, enriching nitrogen and preventing insects of the closed bin have the functions of indirectly charging nitrogen and preventing insects, keep the humidity in the closed bin and are beneficial to the storage of crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical nitrogen-filling prevention and control of stored pests, in particular to a circulating deoxidation nitrogen-rich insect-prevention device and method for a closed bin.
Background
The important means for substituting aluminum phosphide fumigation insect prevention is to use a nitrogen making machine to perform mechanical nitrogen filling air-conditioning insect prevention technology, and the basic principle is that the nitrogen making machine is utilized to fill high-purity nitrogen separated from air into a sealed airtight cabin through an air conveying pipeline, the nitrogen replaces oxygen in the airtight cabin, and a low-oxygen environment in a cabin is maintained, so that the purpose of low-oxygen insect prevention of stored materials is achieved.
The basic principle of mechanical nitrogen filling prevention is that a nitrogen making machine is utilized to fill high-purity nitrogen separated from air into a closed bin through a gas transmission pipeline, and the nitrogen replaces oxygen in the closed bin and forms a low-oxygen insect-prevention environment in the closed bin. The Chinese reserve grain management headquarters has published an industrial technical standard Q/ZCL T8-2009 technical Specification for nitrogen controlled atmosphere grain storage (trial), published a nitrogen controlled atmosphere grain storage engineering design Specification in 2011 (trial) T9-2011Q/ZCL in 2009, and recommends the nitrogen making machine technology for nitrogen making by pressure swing adsorption and hollow fiber membrane separation; in the industry standard of 'sheet tobacco storage and maintenance-natural alcoholization method' which is developed and integrated in 2018 years in the tobacco industry, a pressure swing adsorption nitrogen making machine and a mechanical nitrogen filling gas conditioning insect killing technology are recommended to be an insect prevention technology and are successively popularized and applied in cigarette factories, wherein the nitrogen making machine and the nitrogen filling technology mainly comprise the following steps:
1) pressure swing adsorption nitrogen production (PSA nitrogen production machine). In the isothermal case, the amount of adsorption of the adsorbent to the adsorbent increases with increasing pressure and decreases with decreasing pressure, and the adsorbed gas is released during pressure reduction (to atmospheric pressure or vacuum), so that the adsorbent is regenerated, and the adsorbent can be regenerated without heat supply from the outside.
Specifically, air is used as a raw material, nitrogen and oxygen in the air are separated by utilizing the selective adsorption performance of the carbon molecular sieve on the nitrogen and the oxygen, after a period of time, the adsorption of the molecular sieve on the oxygen is balanced, the pressure is reduced according to the characteristic that the carbon molecular sieve adsorbs different gases under different pressures, so that the adsorption of the carbon molecular sieve on the oxygen is relieved, and a pressure swing adsorption method generally adopts two towers which are connected in parallel and alternately performs pressure adsorption and decompression regeneration, so that continuous nitrogen flow is obtained.
2) A vacuum pressure rotary adsorption nitrogen generator (VPSA nitrogen generator). It can remove oxygen in gas (circulation type) or external air (injection type) in the closed cabin and keep high nitrogen content. VPSA works at relatively low pressures of 1-1.5bar and VPSA can clean activated carbon by means of efficient vacuum technology to ensure absolute dust-free, moisture-free filtration sieves. Compared with PSA and membrane nitrogen production equipment, the energy consumption can be saved by 40%; VPSA requires two PVC pipes connected to the bank side (inlet and return) to continuously increase the purity of the output nitrogen in a circulation mode
3) And (5) membrane separation for nitrogen production. By utilizing different permeation and diffusion rates of different gas components in the membrane, after compressed air enters the membrane separator through the filter, water vapor and oxygen in the air rapidly permeate the membrane wall to enter the other side of the membrane to be enriched and evacuated; the nitrogen penetrates through the membrane wall at a relatively slow speed and is left in the membrane, and the enriched nitrogen is used as product gas to be conveyed to application and use places such as a closed bin and the like.
In summary, the three nitrogen making machines and the nitrogen charging technology are mainly characterized in that:
PSA nitrogen generator: the high-quality carbon molecular sieve is mainly used as an adsorbent, and the air is selectively adsorbed by applying a pressure swing adsorption principle so as to achieve the purpose of separating oxygen and nitrogen. A high-pressure fan and air compression equipment are used, the pressure of a gas outlet of the equipment is high, and an open gas taking mode is adopted.
VPSA nitrogen generator: the VPSA mainly adopts a high-quality carbon molecular sieve as an adsorbent and works at a relatively low pressure of 1-1.5bar, two pipelines are required for connecting the VPSA with a closed bin (gas inlet and gas return), and the purity of output nitrogen is continuously improved in a circulating mode mainly by adopting a circulating gas taking mode.
Membrane separation nitrogen generator: the air purifier consists of an air compressor and a most important membrane separator, after compressed air enters the membrane separator through a filter, water vapor and oxygen in the air rapidly permeate through a membrane wall to enter the other side of a membrane to be separated from nitrogen. The open type gas taking mode and the semi-closed gas taking mode are combined, a high-pressure fan and air compressor equipment are adopted, and the pressure of a gas outlet of the equipment is high.
However, the PSA nitrogen production and membrane separation nitrogen production equipment described above all use air as a raw material to produce nitrogen, which solves the problem of environmental pollution, and has high nitrogen production efficiency and high nitrogen purity per unit time, but also has the following problems: the agricultural products need to keep certain moisture content during storage, and when the moisture content is too high, the agricultural products are easy to mildew, but when the moisture content is too low, the agricultural products are easy to lose moisture and damage, and even the internal quality of the agricultural products is affected, particularly the alcoholization quality of tobacco leaves can be seriously affected, and in addition, the tobacco shreds are used as semi-finished products in the cigarette processing process and are often required to be preventively filled with nitrogen to kill insects before being rolled into cigarette products. No matter pressure swing adsorption nitrogen making equipment or membrane separation nitrogen making equipment is adopted, the prepared nitrogen is dry nitrogen after water vapor is separated out, nitrogen filling and insect killing can cause a large amount of water loss, in northern dry and cold areas, the phenomenon of water loss and breakage of grains and tobacco leaves caused by nitrogen filling and insect killing is more serious, and the commodity value of agricultural products is greatly reduced.
In order to solve the above problems, there are the following insect prevention technologies with combination of nitrogen charging and humidity conditioning, but all have technical defects in different aspects:
1) the patent of application No. 201910896761.2 adopts the air-conditioning oxygen reduction technology of setting up fan, reaction chamber, heater, cooler, humidifier and dehumidifier in the air-conditioning storehouse, adjusts the interior oxygen concentration of tobacco pile through placing the air-conditioning agent in the reaction chamber, adjusts the interior humidity of tobacco pile through heater, cooler, humidifier and dehumidifier. Although the technology can realize the adjustment of the oxygen concentration and the humidity in the stack and keep the humidity in the stack in a proper state while reducing oxygen and killing insects, the technology has the problems of difficult treatment of a large amount of residues after the reaction of the air conditioner, complex equipment configuration, high energy consumption and higher comprehensive cost.
2) The patent with the application number of 201810559193.2 adopts a comprehensive air conditioning technology of 'nitrogen-filled air conditioning rapid oxygen reduction + air conditioning long-acting oxygen consumption and humidity control', nitrogen filling and humidity control are carried out through mechanical nitrogen-filled air conditioning oxygen reduction and dehumidification + chemical air conditioning oxygen consumption and humidity control, the problems of condensation and tobacco leaf mildew caused by single use of air conditioning agents are solved, but nitrogen-filled air conditioning dehumidification is mainly used, tobacco leaf dehydration cannot be effectively supplemented, the problem of oxygen return during later-stage air conditioning agent feeding and the problem of residue treatment after air conditioning agent reaction also exist.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a device and a method for cyclic deoxidation, nitrogen-rich insect prevention in a closed warehouse, so as to solve the above mentioned problems of water loss damage and quality reduction of crops such as grains, tobacco leaves and the like in dry and cold areas during the nitrogen charging process of the warehouse machinery.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a circulating deoxidation nitrogen-rich insect-proof device of a closed bin, which comprises:
a separation and removal unit;
the separation and removal unit is provided with a first air inlet end, a first air outlet end and a second air outlet end, the first air inlet end is used for being communicated with one end of the inside of the closed bin, the first air outlet end is used for being communicated with the other end of the inside of the closed bin, so that a closed and circulating loop is formed between the separation and removal unit and the closed bin, and the second air outlet end is used for being communicated with the outside of the closed bin;
the separation and removal unit is used for separating the air in the closed bin and discharging the oxygen and other gases except oxygen separated from the air from the second air outlet end and the first air outlet end respectively.
Preferably, the separation and removal unit comprises a fan, the fan is provided with a first air exhaust end and a first air exhaust end, the first air exhaust end is communicated with one end of the inside of the closed bin, and the first air exhaust end is communicated with the first air inlet end.
Preferably, the separation and removal unit includes an adsorption separation component and a first suction member, an adsorbent component is disposed on the adsorption separation component to adsorb the oxygen and/or the other gases except for oxygen and separate the oxygen and the other gases except for oxygen, and the first suction member is used for vacuumizing the adsorption separation component to desorb the adsorbed oxygen and/or the other gases except for oxygen and discharge the oxygen and the other gases except for oxygen from the second gas outlet end and the first gas outlet end respectively.
Preferably, the adsorption separation assembly comprises an oxygen generator, the oxygen generator comprises a first adsorption tower, the adsorbent assembly comprises a first adsorbent, the first adsorbent is mounted on the first adsorption tower, a molecular sieve is arranged on the first adsorbent to adsorb nitrogen and water vapor in the other gases except oxygen and discharge the separated oxygen at the second gas outlet, and the first suction piece is used for vacuumizing the first adsorption tower and desorbing the first adsorption tower, so that nitrogen and water vapor in the other gases except oxygen desorbed after adsorption are discharged at the first gas outlet.
Preferably, the adsorption separation assembly further comprises a humidifier and a three-way pipe, wherein the gas outlet end of the humidifier is communicated with one pipe orifice of the three-way pipe, and the other two pipe orifices of the three-way pipe are respectively communicated with the first gas outlet end and the inside of one end of the closed bin; the oxygen generator is a low-pressure adsorption vacuum desorption oxygen generator, the first suction piece is a vacuum pump, and the molecular sieve is a zeolite molecular sieve.
Preferably, the adsorption separation assembly comprises a deaerator and a dehumidifying part, the deaerator comprises a first adsorption tower, the adsorbent assembly comprises a first adsorbent, the first adsorbent is mounted on the first adsorption tower, a carbon molecular sieve is arranged on the first adsorbent to adsorb water vapor in the oxygen and the other gases except the oxygen, and the nitrogen in the separated other gases except the oxygen is discharged from the first gas outlet end, and the first sucking part is used for vacuumizing the first adsorption tower and desorbing the first adsorption tower, so that the water vapor in the oxygen and the other gases except the oxygen which are adsorbed and desorbed firstly is discharged to the dehumidifying part from the gas outlet end of the deaerator; the dehumidifying part is provided with a first air inlet, a first air outlet and a second air outlet, the first air inlet is communicated with the air outlet end of the deaerator, the first air outlet is communicated with the first air outlet end, the second air outlet is communicated with the outside of the closed bin, and the second air outlet is the second air outlet end.
Preferably, the dehumidifying part comprises a pressure swing adsorption dryer, the pressure swing adsorption dryer comprises a second adsorption tower and a second pumping part, the adsorbent assembly further comprises a second adsorbent, the second adsorbent is mounted on the second adsorption tower, the second adsorbent is a water vapor adsorbent to adsorb water vapor in the other gases except for oxygen and discharge the separated oxygen at the second gas outlet, and the second pumping part is used for vacuumizing the second adsorption tower and desorbing the second adsorption tower so that water vapor in the other gases except for oxygen, which is adsorbed before desorption, is discharged at the first gas outlet; the first suction piece and the second suction piece are both vacuum pumps, and the water vapor adsorbent is one or more of activated carbon, molecular sieve and activated alumina.
Preferably, the adsorption separation assembly comprises a deaerator and a dehumidifying part, the dehumidifying part is provided with a first gas inlet, a first gas outlet and a second gas outlet, the first gas inlet is the first gas inlet end, the first gas outlet is communicated with the first gas outlet end, the second gas outlet is communicated with the gas inlet end of the deaerator, and the dehumidifying part is used for adsorbing water vapor in the other gases except for oxygen and discharging nitrogen in the other gases except for oxygen at the second gas outlet; the oxygen remover comprises a first adsorption tower, the adsorbent assembly comprises a first adsorbent, the first adsorbent is mounted on the first adsorption tower, a carbon molecular sieve is arranged on the first adsorbent to adsorb the oxygen and discharge the separated nitrogen at the first gas outlet end, and the first suction piece is used for vacuumizing the first adsorption tower and desorbing the first adsorption tower so that the oxygen adsorbed first and then desorbed is discharged at the second gas outlet end.
Preferably, the dehumidifying part comprises a pressure swing adsorption dryer, the pressure swing adsorption dryer comprises a second adsorption tower and a second suction part, the adsorbent assembly further comprises a second adsorbent, the second adsorbent is mounted on the second adsorption tower, the second adsorbent is a water vapor adsorbent to adsorb water vapor in the other gases except oxygen and discharge nitrogen in the separated oxygen and the other gases except oxygen from the second gas outlet, and the second suction part is used for vacuumizing the second adsorption tower and desorbing the second adsorption tower so that water vapor in the other gases except oxygen desorbed after adsorption is discharged from the first gas outlet; the first suction piece and the second suction piece are both vacuum pumps, and the water vapor adsorbent is one or more of activated carbon, molecular sieve and activated alumina.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention also provides an insect prevention method of the circulating deoxidation nitrogen-rich insect prevention device of the closed bin, which comprises the following steps:
s1, providing a circulating deoxidation nitrogen-rich insect prevention device of a closed bin;
s2, starting a separation and removal unit, sucking air in the closed bin by the separation and removal unit, and separating the air to obtain oxygen and other gases except oxygen;
s3, discharging the oxygen obtained by separation to the outside of the closed bin at the second gas outlet end, and discharging other gases except oxygen at the first gas outlet end and conveying the gases into the closed bin;
s4, repeating the steps S1-S3 for a plurality of times until the volume percentage concentration of oxygen in the air in the closed bin is reduced to below 2%.
The invention provides a circulating deoxidation nitrogen-rich insect prevention device and method for a closed bin, which have the following beneficial effects: the technical mode of 'using a nitrogen making machine to take gas from an open environment and prepare high-purity nitrogen gas and then inputting the gas into a closed bin for insect prevention' is changed into a technical mode of 'extracting air from the closed bin, separating and removing a single oxygen component from the air and obtaining other gases (other gases comprise nitrogen and water vapor) and returning the other gases to the closed bin for air-conditioning insect prevention', so that only the oxygen concentration in the air is changed, the concentration or content of other air components in crop maintenance environments such as grains, tobacco leaves and the like is not changed, the insect prevention effect is achieved, the operation load and process control difficulty of an equipment system are greatly reduced, and the adverse effect of deoxidation and nitrogen filling operation on the grain and tobacco leaf maintenance environments is effectively avoided.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a circulating deoxygenation, nitrogen-rich and insect-prevention device for a closed bin provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the circulating deoxygenation, nitrogen-rich and insect-prevention device for the closed bin;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of the circulating deoxygenation, nitrogen-rich and insect-prevention device for the closed bin;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth embodiment of the circulating deoxygenation, nitrogen-rich and insect-prevention device for the closed bin;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the insect prevention method of the circulating deoxidation and nitrogen-rich insect prevention device applied to the closed bin.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The invention is described in more detail in the following paragraphs by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. Advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and from the claims. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not to precise scale, which is merely for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly claiming the embodiments of the present invention.
The storage of crops such as grains or tobacco leaves, etc., the stacked tobacco leaves, the stacked or bulk grains are usually placed in a closed bin body or directly covered by a plastic tent so as to lead the grains or the tobacco leaves to be packaged in a closed space, namely the closed bin; a separation and removal unit is arranged outside the closed bin to separate and discharge oxygen contained in the air in the closed bin, so that the oxygen content in the closed bin is reduced, and the insect prevention effect is achieved.
Specifically, during sealing, crops such as grains or tobacco leaves are firstly contained in a packaging bag or a packaging box and then stacked and stored in the sealed bin, of course, the grains can also be stored in bulk in the bin body, a nylon composite plastic film with the thickness of 0.05-0.16 mm can be used for the stored objects such as the grains, the tobacco leaves and the like under the storage mode, the plastic tent can be cut into plastic tents according to the three-dimensional size formed by stacking the stored objects, the stacked crops are hermetically covered to form the sealed bin covered by the plastic tent, and in order to ensure the air tightness of the sealed bin, the surfaces and the periphery of the plastic sealed tent can be sealed, the holes can be checked and repaired, and the air tightness of the sealed bin can be tested by adopting a negative pressure detection method, so that the sealed bin is not lower than the secondary air tightness standard.
It is understood that the sealed cabin can be made of various metals, plastics, bricks and tiles and reinforced concrete into sealed cabins with various geometric shapes and volumes.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in figure 1, the circulating deoxidation, nitrogen-rich and insect-prevention device for the closed bin provided by the invention comprises a separation and removal unit 1;
the separation and removal unit 1 is provided with a first air inlet end 11, a first air outlet end 12 and a second air outlet end 13, the first air inlet end 11 is used for being communicated with the left end inside the closed bin 2, the first air outlet end 12 is used for being communicated with the right end inside the closed bin 2, so that a closed and circulating loop is formed between the separation and removal unit 1 and the closed bin 2, namely, air in the closed bin 2 enters the separation and removal unit 1 through the first air inlet end 11 and then flows back to the inside of the closed bin 2 through the first air outlet end 12, and the second air outlet end 13 is used for being communicated with the outside of the closed bin 2;
the separation and removal unit 1 is used for separating air in the closed bin 2, and discharging oxygen and other gases except oxygen separated from the air from the second air outlet end 13 and the first air outlet end 12 respectively.
It should be noted that the first air inlet end 11, the first air outlet end 12 and the sealed cabin 2 are preferably communicated by using a pipeline made of plastic, rubber or metal pipe with an inner diameter of 10-100 mm, and are butted with the surface of the plastic tent of the sealed cabin 2 through a pipeline joint, so that in order to ensure the air tightness of the sealed cabin 2, whether an air leakage phenomenon exists at the joint of the pipeline and the plastic tent and necessary leakage repairing work can be performed after the pipeline and the plastic tent are communicated.
Specifically, the number of the closed bins 2 is one or more, so that the first gas inlet end 11 of the separation and removal unit 1 is communicated with the inside of each closed bin 2 through the serial connection or parallel connection of pipelines, and the first gas outlet end 12 of the separation and removal unit 1 is communicated with the inside of each closed bin.
Further, the separation and removal unit 1 includes a fan (not shown in the figure) having a first air exhaust end and a first air intake end, the first air exhaust end is communicated with the left end of the inside of the closed bin 2, and the first air exhaust end is communicated with the first air intake end 11, so that air in the closed bin 2 is exhausted and conveyed to the first air intake end 11 under the driving of the fan.
Preferably, the separation and removal unit 1 includes an adsorption separation assembly on which an adsorbent assembly is disposed to adsorb oxygen and/or other gases except oxygen in the air in the closed container 2 and separate the oxygen and other gases except oxygen, and a first suction member for evacuating the adsorption separation assembly to desorb the adsorbed oxygen and/or other gases except oxygen and discharge the oxygen and other gases except oxygen from the second gas outlet end 13 and the first gas outlet end 12, respectively.
It should be noted that "other gas than oxygen" in oxygen and/or other gases besides oxygen may refer to gases other than oxygen, including water vapor, nitrogen, etc., and may also refer to one of water vapor or nitrogen.
Preferably, the adsorption separation assembly comprises an oxygen generator 1A, the oxygen generator 1A comprises a first adsorption tower, the adsorbent assembly comprises a first adsorbent, the first adsorbent is mounted on the first adsorption tower, a molecular sieve is arranged on the first adsorbent, the molecular sieve is preferably a zeolite molecular sieve, so as to adsorb nitrogen and water vapor in other gases except oxygen, and discharge the separated oxygen at the second gas outlet end 13, and the first suction member is used for vacuumizing the first adsorption tower and desorbing the first adsorption tower, so that nitrogen and water vapor in other gases except oxygen adsorbed and desorbed after adsorption are discharged at the first gas outlet end 12.
When the method is specifically implemented, the fan pumps the air in the closed bin 2 into the first adsorption tower inside the oxygen generator 1A, the pumped air is filtered by the filter in the oxygen generator 1A to remove dust particles, then the air is sucked into the first adsorption tower under the pressurization of the fan and flows through the molecular sieve on the first adsorbent, in the process of flowing through the molecular sieve, nitrogen and water vapor in other gases except oxygen in the air are adsorbed, and oxygen directly passes through the molecular sieve and is collected to the top of the first adsorption tower, so that the separation of the oxygen and the other gases except the oxygen is realized; air driven by the fan flows through the first adsorption tower and is separated by means of the difference of adsorption degrees of different components in the air on the molecular sieve, other gases except oxygen are released by vacuumizing desorption of the first suction piece, the released other gases except the oxygen are discharged from the first gas outlet end 12 and flow back to the closed bin 2, and the oxygen gathered to the top of the first adsorption tower is discharged into the ambient atmosphere through the second gas outlet end 13, so that water vapor and nitrogen in the other gases except the oxygen in the closed bin 1 are reserved and flow back to the inside of the closed bin 2; the above operations of separating oxygen and refluxing other gases except oxygen are performed intermittently or continuously until the volume percentage concentration of oxygen in the sealed bin 1 is reduced to below 2%, and certainly, the volume percentage concentration of oxygen can also be reduced to below 3% or below 1%.
Example two:
with continued reference to fig. 2, the difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that the adsorptive separation module further comprises a humidifier 14 and a tee 15, the gas outlet of the humidifier 14 is communicated with one of the nozzles of the tee 15, and the other two nozzles of the tee 15 are respectively communicated with the first gas outlet 12 and the interior of one end of the closed chamber 1.
Preferably, the oxygen generator 1A is a low-pressure adsorption vacuum desorption oxygen generator, the first suction member is a vacuum pump, and the molecular sieve is a zeolite molecular sieve.
During specific implementation, the oxygen generator 1A and the first suction member in the separation and removal unit 1 can be started at the same time, the humidifier 14 is started to be synchronously performed, the separation and removal unit 1 returns other gases separated from the closed bin 2 except oxygen and water vapor generated by the humidifier 14 to the closed bin 2, air in the closed bin 2 is continuously pumped back by the separation and removal unit 1 for new circular deoxidation treatment until the oxygen concentration in the closed bin 2 is less than or equal to 2% and the moisture content of grains or tobacco leaves reaches the standard (the relative humidity is more than 55%), and the operation of the humidifier 14 is stopped; the humidifier 14 is provided to enhance the humidification effect, so as to ensure that the crops such as grains or tobacco leaves are humidified while the mechanical nitrogen charging is used for preventing insects.
Example three:
with continued reference to fig. 3, the difference from the first and second embodiments is that the adsorption separation module employs a deaerator 1B and a dehumidifying element 16 instead of the oxygen generator 1A in the first and second embodiments.
Specifically, the deaerator 1B includes a first adsorption tower, the adsorbent assembly includes a first adsorbent, the first adsorbent is mounted on the first adsorption tower, a carbon molecular sieve is disposed on the first adsorbent to adsorb oxygen and water vapor in other gases except oxygen, and to discharge nitrogen in the separated other gases except oxygen at the first gas outlet end 12, and the first suction member is configured to evacuate the first adsorption tower and desorb the first adsorption tower, so that the oxygen and the water vapor in other gases except oxygen are discharged to the dehumidifying member 16 at the gas outlet end of the deaerator 1B.
The dehumidifying part 16 has a first air inlet 161, a first air outlet 162 and a second air outlet 163, the first air inlet 161 is communicated with the air outlet end of the deaerator 1B, the first air outlet 162 is communicated with the first air outlet end 12, the second air outlet 163 is communicated with the outside of the closed bin 2, and the second air outlet 163 is the second air outlet end 13.
Preferably, the dehumidifying part 16 includes a pressure swing adsorption dryer, the pressure swing adsorption dryer includes a second adsorption tower and a second pumping part, the adsorbent assembly further includes a second adsorbent, the second adsorbent is installed on the second adsorption tower, the second adsorbent is a water vapor adsorbent to adsorb water vapor in other gases except oxygen and discharge the separated oxygen at the second gas outlet 163, and the second pumping part is used to evacuate the second adsorption tower and desorb the second adsorption tower, so that water vapor in other gases except oxygen desorbed after adsorption is discharged at the first gas outlet 162.
Preferably, the first suction piece and the second suction piece are both vacuum pumps, and the water vapor adsorbent is one or more of activated carbon, molecular sieve and activated alumina.
During specific implementation, the fan pumps air in the closed bin 2 into a first adsorption tower inside the deaerator 1B, the pumped air is sucked into the first adsorption tower and flows through a carbon molecular sieve on a first adsorbent, in the process of flowing through the carbon molecular sieve, oxygen and water vapor in other gases except oxygen are adsorbed, and nitrogen in other gases except oxygen is enriched in a nitrogen storage tank of the first adsorption tower, so that separation of the nitrogen, the oxygen and the water vapor is realized; the adsorbed oxygen and the water vapor in other gases except oxygen enter the interior of the dehumidifying part 16 at the air outlet end of the deaerator 1B after being vacuumized and desorbed, nitrogen flows back into the closed bin 1, the oxygen entering the second adsorption tower in the dehumidifying part 16 and the water vapor in other gases except oxygen are adsorbed by the water vapor under the adsorption action of the second adsorbent, the oxygen directly passes through the second adsorbent and is collected to the top of the second adsorption tower, and then is discharged to the outside at the second air outlet end 13, and the adsorbed water vapor is desorbed under the vacuumizing of the second sucking part and flows back into the closed bin 2; the above operations of separating oxygen, reflux nitrogen and water vapor are performed intermittently or continuously until the volume percentage concentration of oxygen in the sealed bin 1 is reduced to below 2%, and certainly, the volume percentage concentration of oxygen can also be reduced to below 3% or below 1%.
Example four:
with continued reference to fig. 4, the difference from the third embodiment is that the positions of the deaerator 1B and the dehumidifying element 16 are interchanged.
Specifically, the dehumidifying element 16 has a first gas inlet 161, a first gas outlet 162 and a second gas outlet 163, the first gas inlet 161 is a first gas inlet end 11, the first gas outlet 162 is communicated with a first gas outlet end 12, the second gas outlet 163 is communicated with a gas inlet end of the deaerator 1B, and the dehumidifying element 16 is configured to adsorb water vapor in other gases except oxygen, discharge the separated oxygen and nitrogen in other gases except oxygen at the second gas outlet 163, and convey the oxygen and nitrogen to the deaerator 1B.
The oxygen removal machine 1B comprises a first adsorption tower, the adsorbent assembly comprises a first adsorbent, the first adsorbent is installed on the first adsorption tower, a carbon molecular sieve is arranged on the first adsorbent to adsorb oxygen, nitrogen in other separated oxygen-free gases is discharged from a first gas outlet end 12, and a first suction piece is used for vacuumizing the first adsorption tower and desorbing the first adsorption tower, so that the oxygen adsorbed and desorbed firstly is discharged from a second gas outlet end 13.
Further, the dehumidifying part 16 includes a pressure swing adsorption dryer, the pressure swing adsorption dryer includes a second adsorption tower and a second pumping part, the adsorbent assembly further includes a second adsorbent, the second adsorbent is installed on the second adsorption tower, the second adsorbent is a water vapor adsorbent to adsorb water vapor in other gases except oxygen, and discharge separated oxygen and nitrogen in other gases except oxygen at the second gas outlet 163, the second pumping part is used for vacuumizing the second adsorption tower and desorbing the second adsorption tower, so that water vapor in other gases except oxygen desorbed after adsorption is discharged at the first gas outlet end 12.
Preferably, the first suction piece and the second suction piece are both vacuum pumps, and the water vapor adsorbent is one or more of activated carbon, molecular sieve and activated alumina.
In specific implementation, the fan pumps air in the closed bin 2 into the dehumidifying part 16, water vapor is adsorbed under the adsorption action of a second adsorbent in a second adsorption tower, oxygen and nitrogen in other gases except oxygen directly pass through the second adsorbent and are collected to the top of the second adsorption tower, the adsorbed water vapor flows back into the closed bin 2 after being vacuumized and desorbed by the second sucking part, and the nitrogen and the oxygen directly enter the deaerator 1B; the nitrogen and the oxygen entering the deaerator 1B are adsorbed under the adsorption action of the first adsorbent in the first adsorption tower, the nitrogen is enriched and collected in the nitrogen storage tank of the first adsorption tower, the oxygen after the adsorbed oxygen is vacuumized and desorbed by the first suction piece is directly discharged to the outside at the second gas outlet end 13, and the enriched nitrogen flows back to the closed bin 2; the above operations of separating oxygen, reflux nitrogen and water vapor are performed intermittently or continuously until the volume percentage concentration of oxygen in the sealed bin 1 is reduced to below 2%, and certainly, the volume percentage concentration of oxygen can also be reduced to below 3% or below 1%.
For the pressure swing adsorption dryers used in the third and fourth embodiments, a rotary dehumidifier may also be used to replace the pressure swing adsorption dryer: specifically, in the third embodiment, the oxygen dried by the rotary dehumidifier is discharged to the outside atmosphere at the second gas outlet 13, and the water vapor released during the regeneration of the moisture absorption rotary of the rotary dehumidifier flows back to the closed bin 2; in the fourth embodiment, water vapor is adsorbed on the moisture absorption rotating wheel, the moisture absorption rotating wheel is heated and regenerated after being saturated to release water vapor, the water vapor released by the regeneration of the rotating wheel flows back to the closed bin 1, oxygen and nitrogen which are remained after the water vapor is removed from the air by the rotating wheel dehumidifier are separated by the deoxidizer 1B, the nitrogen and the oxygen are separated, the oxygen is discharged to the outside atmosphere at the second gas outlet end 13, and the separated nitrogen flows back to the closed bin 2.
For the pressure swing adsorption dryers used in the third and fourth embodiments, a membrane separation dehumidifier may also be used instead of the pressure swing adsorption dryer: specifically, when oxygen and water vapor pass through the membrane separation dehumidifier, the oxygen and the water vapor flow through the membrane separation dehumidifier under power drive, the oxygen and the water vapor are separated by means of different permeation rates in the membrane separation dehumidifier, slow gas with oxygen as a main component is discharged into the external atmosphere through the second gas outlet 13, and the water vapor flows back into the closed bin 2 as fast gas.
The working principle of the membrane separation dehumidifier is as follows: by utilizing the characteristic that the permeation and diffusion rate of water vapor in the air in the membrane is higher than that of other air components, after the air passes through the filter and enters the membrane separator, the water vapor in the air enters one side of the membrane through the membrane wall to be enriched, and the enriched water vapor flows back to the closed bin 2; the other air components (i.e., oxygen in this embodiment) after water vapor removal are concentrated on the other side of the membrane at a relatively slow rate through the membrane wall, and are discharged at the second outlet end 13.
For the pressure swing adsorption dryers used in the third and fourth embodiments, a solution dehumidifier may also be used instead of the pressure swing adsorption dryer: specifically, when oxygen and water vapor pass through the solution dehumidifier, the water vapor is adsorbed by the hygroscopic solution and dried, the oxygen dried by the solution dehumidifier is discharged to the outside atmosphere through the second gas outlet, and the water vapor released when the hygroscopic solution of the solution dehumidifier is regenerated flows back into the closed bin 2.
For the pressure swing adsorption dryers used in the third and fourth embodiments, a refrigeration, dehumidification and humidification integrated machine may also be used instead of the pressure swing adsorption dryer: specifically, when oxygen and water vapor pass through the integrated refrigerating, dehumidifying and humidifying machine, the water vapor is dried by low-temperature condensation, the oxygen dried by the integrated refrigerating, dehumidifying and humidifying machine is discharged to the outside of the sealed cabin 2 through the second gas outlet end, and water vapor generated by a humidifier of the integrated refrigerating, dehumidifying and humidifying machine flows back into the sealed cabin 2.
The working principle of the refrigerating and dehumidifying all-in-one machine is as follows: air is used as a raw material (namely, oxygen and steam are used as raw materials in the embodiment), the air is frozen to be below a dew point through the principle of evaporation, heat absorption and temperature reduction of a refrigerant, the steam in the air is condensed to remove moisture, the removed moisture can be heated and evaporated by a condenser after being collected to be steam and then is conveyed back to the closed bin 2, and the oxygen is discharged to the outside of the closed bin 2 through the second gas outlet end 13.
For the deaerator 1B used in the third and fourth embodiments, a membrane separation oxygen production facility may be used instead of the deaerator 1B: the following description will be made only by taking the third embodiment as an example, and the application in the fourth embodiment is not further described, specifically, the air in the sealed bin 2 is extracted and blown into the membrane separation oxygen production equipment, the membrane separation oxygen production equipment is provided with a membrane separator, the air flows through the membrane separator, and the separation is realized by different permeation rates of nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor and the like in the membrane separator, the "slow gas" with nitrogen as the main component flows back into the sealed bin 2, the "fast gas" with oxygen and water vapor as the main components passes through the dehumidifying element 16, and the dried oxygen is discharged to the outside atmosphere, and the water vapor regenerated and released by the dehumidifying element 16 flows back into the sealed bin 2.
Of course, the membrane separation oxygen generator can also be made of inorganic molecular sieve membrane materials, and the equipment enables the membrane materials to have double blocking effects on nitrogen and argon by improving the surface charge characteristics and the material surface characteristics of the membrane materials, so that oxygen is permeated, nitrogen is physically trapped, and oxygen with the purity of more than 99.5 percent can be directly separated from air.
Referring to fig. 5, the insect-proofing method using the circulating deoxygenation nitrogen-rich insect-proofing device of the closed bin of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, providing a circulating deoxidation nitrogen-rich insect prevention device of a closed bin;
s2, starting a separation and removal unit, wherein the separation and removal unit 1 sucks air in the closed bin 2 and separates the air to obtain oxygen and other gases except oxygen;
s3, discharging the oxygen obtained by separation to the outside of the closed bin at the second gas outlet end, and discharging other gases except oxygen at the first gas outlet end and conveying the gases into the closed bin;
s4, repeating the steps S1-S3 for a plurality of times until the volume percentage concentration of oxygen in the air in the closed bin is reduced to below 2%.
Compared with the prior art, the device and the method for circularly deoxidizing, enriching nitrogen and preventing insects of the closed bin have the following advantages:
1. air is extracted from the closed bin, a single oxygen component is separated and removed from the air, other gases except oxygen are obtained, and the gases except oxygen are returned to the closed bin for air-conditioning disinsection, so that the oxygen concentration in the air is only changed, the concentration or the content of other air components in crop maintenance environments such as grains and tobacco leaves is not changed, the insect prevention effect is achieved, the operation load of an equipment system and the process control difficulty are greatly reduced, and the adverse effect of deoxidation and nitrogen filling operation on the grain and tobacco leaf maintenance environments is effectively avoided.
2. The mode that the existing mechanical nitrogen charging insect prevention only depends on a nitrogen making machine is eliminated, different types of adsorption separation components, dehumidifying parts and humidifiers supplied in the market can be used for integrated application, the selection range and the configuration mode of equipment are greatly widened, the popularization and application threshold of the technology is lower, the equipment configuration cost is lower, and the operation is more convenient.
3. The technical route of single nitrogen preparation and disinsection in the past is changed, the operation mode of equipment for mechanically preparing nitrogen by taking gas in an open manner in the past is changed, the single operation mode of singly preparing nitrogen by taking air as a raw material in the past is changed, the goals of greatly reducing the operation load of the equipment and achieving the nitrogen-filled controlled atmosphere disinsection goal can be achieved by simply removing oxygen in the air, the process control difficulty can be reduced, and the operation energy consumption of the equipment can be reduced.
4. During the storage period of grains and tobacco leaves, certain relative humidity needs to be kept, and particularly, the moisture-keeping measures in northern dry and cold areas are particularly important. The invention conveys the separated water vapor back to the closed bin for moisturizing, can ensure the stability of the relative humidity in the closed bin under the circulating nitrogen filling mode, and ensures the stability of the water content of grains and tobacco leaves during the period of nitrogen pest control.
5. For grains and tobacco leaves which are stored for a long time and have been seriously dehydrated, a technical measure of manually injecting proper amount of water vapor into a sealed grain and tobacco leaf stack is also provided, and the problem of quality reduction of the dehydrated grains and tobacco leaves is solved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention in any way; the present invention may be readily implemented by those of ordinary skill in the art as illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described above; however, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims; meanwhile, any changes, modifications, and evolutions of the equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the actual techniques of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a circulation deoxidization rich nitrogen protection against insects device of airtight storehouse which characterized in that includes:
a separation and removal unit;
the separation and removal unit is provided with a first air inlet end, a first air outlet end and a second air outlet end, the first air inlet end is used for being communicated with one end of the inside of the closed bin, the first air outlet end is used for being communicated with the other end of the inside of the closed bin, so that a closed and circulating loop is formed between the separation and removal unit and the closed bin, and the second air outlet end is used for being communicated with the outside of the closed bin;
the separation and removal unit is used for separating the air in the closed bin and discharging the oxygen and other gases except oxygen separated from the air from the second air outlet end and the first air outlet end respectively.
2. The circulating deoxygenation, nitrogen-rich and insect-prevention device for the closed bin of claim 1, wherein: the separation desorption unit includes the fan, the fan has first end and the first exhaust end of bleeding, first bleed end with the one end intercommunication of the inside in airtight storehouse, first exhaust end with first inlet end intercommunication.
3. The circulating deoxygenation, nitrogen-rich and insect-prevention device for the closed bin of claim 1, wherein: the separation desorption unit includes adsorption separation subassembly and first suction piece, the last adsorbent subassembly that is provided with of adsorption separation subassembly, in order with oxygen and/or other gas absorption except that oxygen, and separate oxygen with other gas except that oxygen, first suction piece is used for right adsorption separation subassembly evacuation is in order to desorb adsorbed oxygen and/or other gas except that oxygen, and will other gas except that oxygen is followed respectively the second is given vent to anger the end with first is given vent to anger the end and discharges.
4. The circulating deoxygenation, nitrogen-rich and insect-prevention device for the closed bin of claim 3, wherein: the adsorption separation component comprises an oxygen generator which comprises a first adsorption tower, the adsorbent component comprises a first adsorbent, the first adsorbent is mounted on the first adsorption tower, a molecular sieve is arranged on the first adsorbent to adsorb nitrogen and water vapor in other gases except oxygen and discharge the separated oxygen from the second gas outlet end, and the first suction piece is used for vacuumizing the first adsorption tower and desorbing the first adsorption tower so that the nitrogen and the water vapor in the other gases except oxygen desorbed after adsorption are discharged from the first gas outlet end.
5. The circulating deoxygenation, nitrogen-rich and insect-prevention device for the closed bin as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the adsorption separation assembly further comprises a humidifier and a three-way pipe, the air outlet end of the humidifier is communicated with one pipe orifice of the three-way pipe, and the other two pipe orifices of the three-way pipe are respectively communicated with the first air outlet end and the inside of one end of the closed bin; the oxygen generator is a low-pressure adsorption vacuum desorption oxygen generator, the first suction piece is a vacuum pump, and the molecular sieve is a zeolite molecular sieve.
6. The circulating deoxygenation, nitrogen-rich and insect-prevention device for the closed bin of claim 3, wherein: the adsorption separation assembly comprises a deaerator and a dehumidifying part, the deaerator comprises a first adsorption tower, the adsorbent assembly comprises a first adsorbent, the first adsorbent is mounted on the first adsorption tower, a carbon molecular sieve is arranged on the first adsorbent to adsorb water vapor in the oxygen and other gases except the oxygen and discharge nitrogen in the separated other gases except the oxygen from the first adsorption tower to the first gas outlet end, and the first sucking part is used for vacuumizing the first adsorption tower and desorbing the first adsorption tower so that the water vapor in the oxygen and other gases except the oxygen adsorbed and desorbed firstly is discharged to the dehumidifying part from the gas outlet end of the deaerator; the dehumidifying part is provided with a first air inlet, a first air outlet and a second air outlet, the first air inlet is communicated with the air outlet end of the deaerator, the first air outlet is communicated with the first air outlet end, the second air outlet is communicated with the outside of the closed bin, and the second air outlet is the second air outlet end.
7. The circulating deoxygenation, nitrogen-rich and insect-prevention device for the closed bin of claim 6, wherein: the dehumidifying part comprises a pressure swing adsorption dryer, the pressure swing adsorption dryer comprises a second adsorption tower and a second pumping part, the adsorbent assembly further comprises a second adsorbent, the second adsorbent is arranged on the second adsorption tower and is a water vapor adsorbent so as to adsorb water vapor in the other gases except oxygen and discharge the separated oxygen from the second gas outlet, and the second pumping part is used for vacuumizing the second adsorption tower and desorbing the second adsorption tower so as to discharge the water vapor in the other gases except oxygen, which is desorbed after adsorption, from the first gas outlet; the first suction piece and the second suction piece are both vacuum pumps, and the water vapor adsorbent is one or more of activated carbon, molecular sieve and activated alumina.
8. The circulating deoxygenation, nitrogen-rich and insect-prevention device for the closed bin of claim 3, wherein: the adsorption separation component comprises a deaerator and a dehumidifying part, the dehumidifying part is provided with a first air inlet, a first air outlet and a second air outlet, the first air inlet is a first air inlet end, the first air outlet is communicated with a first air outlet end, the second air outlet is communicated with the air inlet end of the deaerator, and the dehumidifying part is used for adsorbing water vapor in other gases except oxygen and discharging nitrogen in the separated oxygen and other gases except oxygen from the second air outlet; the oxygen remover comprises a first adsorption tower, the adsorbent assembly comprises a first adsorbent, the first adsorbent is mounted on the first adsorption tower, a carbon molecular sieve is arranged on the first adsorbent to adsorb the oxygen and discharge the separated nitrogen at the first gas outlet end, and the first suction piece is used for vacuumizing the first adsorption tower and desorbing the first adsorption tower so that the oxygen adsorbed first and then desorbed is discharged at the second gas outlet end.
9. The circulating deoxygenation, nitrogen-rich and insect-prevention device for the closed bin of claim 8, wherein: the dehumidifying part comprises a pressure swing adsorption dryer, the pressure swing adsorption dryer comprises a second adsorption tower and a second pumping part, the adsorbent assembly further comprises a second adsorbent, the second adsorbent is arranged on the second adsorption tower and is a water vapor adsorbent so as to adsorb water vapor in the other gases except oxygen and discharge nitrogen in the separated oxygen and the other gases except oxygen from the second gas outlet, and the second pumping part is used for vacuumizing the second adsorption tower and desorbing the second adsorption tower so as to discharge water vapor in the other gases except oxygen adsorbed and desorbed firstly from the first gas outlet end; the first suction piece and the second suction piece are both vacuum pumps, and the water vapor adsorbent is one or more of activated carbon, molecular sieve and activated alumina.
10. An insect-proofing method using a circulating deoxygenation nitrogen-rich insect-proofing device of a closed bin according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, providing a circulating deoxidation nitrogen-rich insect prevention device of a closed bin;
s2, starting a separation and removal unit, sucking air in the closed bin by the separation and removal unit, and separating the air to obtain oxygen and other gases except oxygen;
s3, discharging the oxygen obtained by separation to the outside of the closed bin at the second gas outlet end, and discharging other gases except oxygen at the first gas outlet end and conveying the gases into the closed bin;
s4, repeating the steps S1-S3 for a plurality of times until the volume percentage concentration of oxygen in the air in the closed bin is reduced to below 2%.
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| CN116605842A (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-08-18 | 成都荣创医疗科技股份有限公司 | Oxygen generator |
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