CN112019273A - Two-way wireless audio transmission system based on white light LED - Google Patents

Two-way wireless audio transmission system based on white light LED Download PDF

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CN112019273A
CN112019273A CN202010892830.5A CN202010892830A CN112019273A CN 112019273 A CN112019273 A CN 112019273A CN 202010892830 A CN202010892830 A CN 202010892830A CN 112019273 A CN112019273 A CN 112019273A
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white light
circuit
light led
signals
audio
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王国彬
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Weishi Vocational And Technical Education Center
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Weishi Vocational And Technical Education Center
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/11Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
    • H04B10/114Indoor or close-range type systems
    • H04B10/116Visible light communication
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50Transmitters
    • H04B10/501Structural aspects
    • H04B10/503Laser transmitters
    • H04B10/504Laser transmitters using direct modulation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50Transmitters
    • H04B10/516Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/54Intensity modulation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/80Responding to QoS

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a white light LED-based two-way wireless audio transmission system, which comprises: the emitting end comprises an MP3 or an audio signal generator, a modulation circuit, an audio frequency merging and amplifying circuit, an LED driving circuit and a white light LED emitter; the receiving end comprises a white light LED receiver, a band-pass filter circuit, a pre-amplification circuit, a main amplification circuit and an adjusting and shaping circuit; the invention has the beneficial effects that: a two-way wireless audio transmission system is designed by utilizing a white light LED emitter and a white light LED receiver, and an intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) method is selected to ensure the real-time performance of voice transmission and the integrity of the voice transmission. Visible light communication is beneficial to relieving the current tense radio spectrum resources by using visible light as a carrier of information transmission, and the communication safety coefficient is high. White LEDs have low power consumption, long life, and the like, and their high response sensitivity speed makes data communication possible.

Description

Two-way wireless audio transmission system based on white light LED
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of audio transmission, in particular to a white light LED-based two-way wireless audio transmission system.
Background
Since the emergence of the white light LED in 1997, through the continuous development of short decades, the development of human society is fundamentally changed from single light color to multiple light color, low brightness to high brightness, the service life is gradually prolonged, the application market is increased, the technology is mature, and the functions are continuously improved and enhanced. Compared with the traditional illumination light source, the white light LED serving as a brand-new energy-saving illumination device has the characteristics of high brightness, low power consumption, long service life, low price, greenness, no pollution and the like, and also has the advantages of high response sensitivity, good modulation performance and the like. By utilizing the excellent characteristics of the LEDs, people find that the white light LED can not only realize the illumination function, but also realize the communication function by transmitting various signals through the white light LED, so that the visible light communication technology comes into play.
In 2000, the concept of visible light communication was released, and information was transmitted by using a light emitting diode as a light source and a high-speed on-off signal emitted by white light LED light and not visible to human eyes. At present, wireless spectrum resources are in the forefront, a plurality of frequency bands are used, the visible light communication technology can well utilize the resources, the frequency spectrum of the next generation broadband communication is increased, and meanwhile, the problems of compatibility and coexistence of the wireless communication and the optical communication network can be well solved.
The white light LED visible light communication technology is a novel wireless light communication technology combining illumination and communication, and has the advantages of being green, free of pollution, efficient, convenient and fast, free of electromagnetic interference, suitable for various access scenes, and capable of effectively saving energy. Since the white light LED will become the main illumination light source in the future, the visible light communication technology is facing a good development opportunity, and is widely applied in various fields such as technical research, economy and life in various countries of the world. For example, visible light communication is very suitable for radio frequency sensitive fields such as airplanes, hospitals, industrial control and the like because of the characteristic of no electromagnetic interference; the environment-friendly pollution-free intelligent household furniture is mainly suitable for application in the fields of intelligent home, intelligent transportation and the like. Meanwhile, the visible light communication is also suitable for underwater communication, is suitable for the field of information safety and has larger bandwidth potential. Therefore, once the visible light communication technology is released, the visible light communication technology rapidly attracts a lot of attention of all countries in the world, and from the proposal of the visible light communication concept in 2000 to the short and short surplus load at present, the visible light communication technology is rapidly developed, and all countries in the world have a lot of breakthrough progresses.
Audio transmission systems are the simplest, straightforward typical application of visible light communication technology. The white light LED can emit visible light with a large divergence angle, can safely transmit various signals in a wide range, and simultaneously can modulate audio signals onto visible light emitted by the white light LED by utilizing the characteristics of excellent modulation performance, high response sensitivity and the like of the white light LED, thereby realizing information transmission. The communication mode does not depend on the traditional wired transmission mode, but adopts the optical transmission and wireless operation modes, reduces the communication design cost, reduces the establishment time of a communication link, can properly reduce the influence of electromagnetic radiation on the environment, simultaneously has the advantages of convenience, reliability, low energy consumption and the like, and provides a new direction for realizing 'green communication'.
The visible light communication audio transmission technology is a carrier for signal transmission by using visible light emitted by a white light LED, and generally comprises a transmitting end circuit and a receiving end circuit. The basic principle of the transmitting end circuit is that the transmitting end circuit converts audio signals to be transmitted into optical signals with intensity change through a signal acquisition processing modulation circuit and an LED driving circuit, and then the signals are transmitted. The basic principle of the receiving end circuit is that a white light LED receiver receives visible light signals, and the signals are output after the white light LED receiver filters, amplifies and demodulates the signals, so that transmission of a visible light audio system is completed.
The white light LED-based two-way wireless audio transmission system is mainly designed by utilizing a white light LED transmitter and a white light LED receiver. The voice signal is required to have no obvious distortion in the voice transmission process, and meanwhile, the design cost is required to be reduced and the design circuit is simplified under the condition that the requirements are met. Therefore, the intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) method is selected in the system design process to ensure the real-time performance of voice transmission and also ensure the integrity of the voice transmission. The method provides a feasible method for transmitting audio signals by using the white light LED, and has certain reference significance for visible light communication audio transmission technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a white light led-based two-way wireless audio transmission system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a two-way wireless audio transmission system based on white light LEDs, comprising:
the emitting end comprises an MP3 or an audio signal generator, a modulation circuit, an audio frequency merging and amplifying circuit, an LED driving circuit and a white light LED emitter;
the MP3 or the audio signal generator inputs an A-path audio signal and a B-path audio signal, the A-path audio signal and the B-path audio signal are modulated by the modulation circuit, then the modulated signals are combined into a path of signal by the audio combining and amplifying circuit, the combined analog audio signal is directly modulated onto the LED drive circuit, and the signal emission is completed by the white light LED emitter;
the receiving end comprises a white light LED receiver, a band-pass filter circuit, a pre-amplification circuit, a main amplification circuit and an adjusting and shaping circuit;
the white light LED receiver receives signals transmitted by the white light LED transmitter, the signals are processed by the band-pass filter circuit, the pre-amplification circuit and the main amplification circuit in sequence, the signals are enabled to reach the condition of demodulation and output, then the signals are separated into two paths by the band-pass filter circuit, and then the signals are demodulated and shaped by the adjusting and shaping circuit respectively to form an A path of audio signals and a B path of audio signals, and the output of the two paths of audio signals is completed.
Preferably, the modulation circuit is implemented in an OOK manner.
Preferably, the audio merging and amplifying circuit adopts an addition circuit, two paths of input signals are mutually superposed, the signal strength is mainly reflected on the amplitude of the signals and is not influenced on the frequency, and the synthesized signals can be separated through a filter.
Preferably, the LED drive adopts a 2SC1815 triode, and the collector current of the triode is 150mA at most.
Preferably, the white light LED emitter is formed by connecting a single white light LED light emitting diode with the power of 1W in parallel.
Preferably, the operating principle of the white light LED receiver is as follows: the white light LED receiver is a component capable of converting optical signals into electric signals through a photoelectric effect generated by interaction of a substance material and optical radiation, and the white light LED receiver adopts a PIN photodiode.
Preferably, the band-pass filter circuit is a fourth-order active band-pass filter composed of a second-order low-pass filter and a second-order high-pass filter.
Preferably, the pre-amplification circuit adopts an LM4562 operational amplifier, and the main amplification circuit adopts an LM386 operational amplifier.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: a two-way wireless audio transmission system is designed by utilizing a white light LED emitter and a white light LED receiver, and an intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) method is selected to ensure the real-time performance of voice transmission and the integrity of the voice transmission. Visible light communication is beneficial to relieving the current tense radio spectrum resources by using visible light as a carrier of information transmission, and the communication safety coefficient is high. White LEDs have low power consumption, long life, and the like, and their high response sensitivity speed makes data communication possible.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transmitting end of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a receiving end according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a technical solution:
a two-way wireless audio transmission system based on white light LEDs, comprising:
the emitting end comprises an MP3 or an audio signal generator, a modulation circuit, an audio frequency merging and amplifying circuit, an LED driving circuit and a white light LED emitter;
the MP3 or the audio signal generator inputs an A-path audio signal and a B-path audio signal, the A-path audio signal and the B-path audio signal are modulated by the modulation circuit, then the modulated signals are combined into a path of signal by the audio combining and amplifying circuit, the combined analog audio signal is directly modulated onto the LED drive circuit, and the signal emission is completed by the white light LED emitter;
the receiving end comprises a white light LED receiver, a band-pass filter circuit, a pre-amplification circuit, a main amplification circuit and an adjusting and shaping circuit;
the white light LED receiver receives signals transmitted by the white light LED transmitter, the signals are processed by the band-pass filter circuit, the pre-amplification circuit and the main amplification circuit in sequence, the signals are enabled to reach the condition of demodulation and output, then the signals are separated into two paths by the band-pass filter circuit, and then the signals are demodulated and shaped by the adjusting and shaping circuit respectively to form an A path of audio signals and a B path of audio signals, and the output of the two paths of audio signals is completed.
Specifically, the modulation circuit is implemented by using OOK modulation and demodulation.
The modulation degree of the LED is very small in a visible light communication system, the modulation bandwidth is very limited, and besides the bandwidth is expanded and the transmission speed of the system is improved by designing an LED driving circuit, the selection of a proper modulation mode is also an effective and important method.
On-off keying (OOK), also called binary amplitude keying (2 ASK), is known, whose turning on and off of the sinusoidal carrier is changed mainly by using a sequence of non-return-to-zero symbols of one polarity. The amplitude of the carrier varies in OOK only by "0" or "1". Amplitude keying transmits digital information primarily by varying the amplitude of a sinusoidal carrier, but with a constant frequency and initial phase at all times. For 2ASK, the information of the symbol is mainly discriminated from the amplitude difference of the carrier. Compared with other modulation methods, OOK has far less noise immunity, and therefore is not used in current satellite communication and digital microwave communication, but OOK modulation has unique advantages in circuit design and is simpler to implement, so OOK modulation has been widely used in visible light communication systems.
Pulse position modulation was first proposed by Pierce J.R. The main idea is that firstly encoding is carried out to form PPM pulse signal, then the signal in the visible light communication system is modulated, if the shape, amplitude and frequency of the modulated signal are not changed, only the time of each pulse signal in the carrier pulse sequence is changed, and the variation of each pulse production time and the amplitude of the modulated signal voltage have a certain relation. In a PPM modulation system, the position of the pulse depends mainly on the data information it transmits. Although PPM has good power utilization and error performance and is widely used in optical wireless communication systems, it is not suitable for visible light communication systems, mainly because PPM has low bandwidth efficiency and short pulse time, so that the brightness of LED light emission is difficult to control.
The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation technique is a high-speed and efficient coding technique for multi-carrier modulation. The main principle is to divide the channel into many orthogonal sub-channels with bandwidth only a small part of the original channel, so that the high-speed data signal can be converted into parallel low-speed sub-signals, and the channel equalization is relatively easy. In recent years, OFDM technology has attracted much attention because of its unique advantages, such as high spectrum utilization, strong immunity to interference and fading. At present, the OFDM modulation technology still becomes a research hotspot and is widely applied in the visible light communication system, but the OFDM also has the disadvantages of being particularly sensitive to frequency and having a large PAPR value.
By comparing advantages and disadvantages of several modulation modes, the design cost is reduced and the design circuit is simplified on the premise of ensuring that the design requirements are met. Therefore, the modulation circuit mainly adopts OOK modulation and demodulation in comprehensive consideration.
Specifically, the audio merging and amplifying circuit adopts an adding circuit and a circuit in which several paths of input signals are mutually superposed, the signal strength is mainly reflected on the amplitude of the signals and is not influenced on the frequency, and the synthesized signals can be separated through a filter.
Because of the design of the two-way wireless audio transmission system based on the white light LED, two methods can be mainly adopted when the signals are transmitted, one is frequency division multiplexing technology, and the other is that the two signals are combined into one path by an addition circuit. The frequency division multiplexing is to divide a channel into a plurality of sub-channels with bandwidth only a small part of the original channel, and each sub-channel can transmit a signal respectively, so that the parallel transmission of multiple signals can be ensured. However, in the circuit design of frequency division multiplexing, the requirement on system linearity is high, otherwise mutual interference among signals is caused. The adder circuit is a circuit in which several input signals are mutually superimposed, the signal strength is mainly reflected on the amplitude of the signal, and is not influenced on the frequency, and the synthesized signal can be separated out by means of a filter, and the adder circuit is simple to implement and low in design cost, so that the adder circuit is comprehensively considered.
Specifically, the LED is driven by a 2SC1815 high-frequency triode, and the maximum collector current of the triode is 150 mA.
Since the visible light emitted by the light source of the white light LED is incoherent light and cannot provide a stable carrier for a circuit, the method of direct intensity modulation is mainly adopted in the design of the white light LED driving. At present, the direct intensity modulation of the LED light source is mainly divided into analog modulation and digital modulation. The analog intensity modulation mainly utilizes the approximate linear relation between the emitting power of an LED and the working current, and realizes communication by loading a signal on a carrier wave to change the characteristic of the carrier wave; digital modulation is the modulation of light waves emitted by a source by using binary digital signals. The invention mainly adopts the analog intensity modulation of the light source.
Two methods are generally adopted in the design of LED driving circuits: one is to use a dedicated dc constant current LED driving chip, such as DD 311; the DD311 is a LED constant current driver with single-channel output, is a chip specially designed for a high-power LED, can set the magnitude of a driving current by changing a reference input current, the current is maximum 1A, and can output a visible light signal by connecting a modulated signal to an enabling end during circuit design. The other is by using a triode as the drive for the LED.
The LED driving circuit mainly adopts a common collector type amplifying circuit, a 2SC1815 high-frequency triode is selected, the maximum collector current of the triode is 150mA, and the requirements of the LED driving circuit are completely met.
Specifically, the white light LED emitter is formed by selecting a single white light LED light-emitting diode with the power of 1W in a parallel connection mode.
Generally, there are two general choices of white LED emitters, one is to use a single LED lamp with higher power, and the other is to use a single LED with lower power and implement them by parallel connection, both of which can be implemented. In the design, a single white light LED light-emitting diode with the power of 1W is mainly selected and used as the white light LED emitter of the invention in a parallel connection mode.
Specifically, the working principle of the white light LED receiver is as follows: the white light LED receiver is a component capable of converting optical signals into electric signals through a photoelectric effect generated by interaction of a substance material and optical radiation, and the white light LED receiver adopts a PIN photodiode.
The white light LED receiver is also called a photoelectric detector and plays a very critical role in a visible light communication receiving system, the working principle of the white light LED receiver is that a photoelectric effect is generated through the interaction of a material and light radiation, and the white light LED receiver is a component capable of converting an optical signal into an electric signal. In the LED visible light communication system, the transmission distance and the transmission speed are mutually limited, and therefore, in order to be able to receive signals accurately at high speed, the photodetector has to pay attention to the following aspects in the visible light communication system:
the photoelectric conversion efficiency is higher under the working wavelength of the system;
the signal conversion process should have good linear relation and no distortion;
in order to reduce the influence of the device on the signal, the noise is as low as possible;
in order to satisfy that the range of visible wavelengths is covered by the operating band, it should have a sufficiently wide spectral range;
the device has good reliability, long service life and low working voltage.
LED receivers often used in visible light communication systems are mainly PIN photodiodes, avalanche diodes, metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors, etc., wherein the wavelength range of the photoelectric response of silicon-based PIN photodiodes is roughly in the order of magnitude of the other photodetectors
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
1.1 μm, so that the signal of visible light can be well detected. And the silicon photo PIN diode is insensitive to temperature, can adapt to a plurality of circuits, has the characteristics of high photoelectric conversion efficiency, smaller junction capacitance, short transition time and the like, and is low in price, convenient and reliable, so that the silicon photo PIN diode has wide application in the field of visible light communication systems. Therefore, the white light LED receiver mainly adopts PIN photodiodes.
Specifically, the band-pass filter circuit selects a fourth-order active band-pass filter composed of a second-order low-pass filter and a second-order high-pass filter.
The choice of the band-pass filter circuit in the present invention is mainly made of a band-pass filter, because a band-pass filter is a circuit that allows only a specific frequency signal to pass and filters out other frequency signals. The band-pass filters are used in two places in the whole system, the first time, the function of the band-pass filter in front of the preamplifier is to filter other interference signals, only the synthesized signals of the two paths A and B are left, the frequency range of the synthesized signals is the sum of the two synthesized signals, the second time, the function of the band-pass filter in front of the demodulation circuit is mainly to separate the signals of the two paths A and B, and the cut-off frequencies of the band-pass filters of the two paths of signals are the respective signal frequencies. The band-pass filter circuit mainly selects a fourth-order active band-pass filter consisting of a second-order low-pass filter and a second-order high-pass filter.
Specifically, the preamplifier circuit adopts an LM4562 operational amplifier;
in the visible light receiving technology, a preamplifier is also very important, and after a white light LED receiver converts a visible light signal into an electric signal, the current of the received electric signal is very small. Therefore, a preamplifier needs to be added to the circuit, which not only converts the received tiny current signal into a voltage signal, but also has a certain amplification function, so that the preamplifier needs to have a proper bandwidth and less noise. In a visible light communication system, the preamplifier mainly comprises an LM4562 preamplifier and an OPA657 preamplifier, wherein the OPA657 operational amplifier is a trans-group type preamplifier, voltage parallel negative feedback can be formed through an indirect feedback resistor between input and output, and the preamplifier has the characteristics of stable gain, low noise and the like. The LM4562 operational amplifier also has the advantages of stable gain and low noise, but the LM4562 is very special in design, and has an operational amplifier with a unit gain bandwidth capable of reaching 6MHz inside, and a dedicated audio driver amplifier capable of performing the function of adjusting the signal. Therefore, the LM4562 operational amplifier is mainly selected for the selection of the preamplifier circuit comprehensively considered.
The main amplifying circuit adopts an LM386 operational amplifier;
the amplitude gain of the signal passing through the pre-amplifier circuit cannot meet the condition of system demodulation, so the main amplifier circuit is used for further amplifying the voltage signal to meet the amplitude required by driving the demodulation of the following system. In a visible light communication system, the main amplifier mainly comprises an AD827 chip and an LM386 chip, wherein the maximum gain bandwidth of the AD827 chip can reach 50MHz, the AD827 chip has conversion performance of 300V/mu s, signals of high frequency and low frequency have no obvious distortion, but the AD827 is expensive and is not suitable in consideration of design cost. The LM386 operational amplifier has the characteristics of low self power consumption and no obvious distortion, and has adjustable internal gain and less components. Therefore, the main amplifying circuit of the invention adopts the LM386 operational amplifier.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. A two-way wireless audio transmission system based on white light LEDs, comprising:
the emitting end comprises an MP3 or an audio signal generator, a modulation circuit, an audio frequency merging and amplifying circuit, an LED driving circuit and a white light LED emitter;
the MP3 or the audio signal generator inputs an A-path audio signal and a B-path audio signal, the A-path audio signal and the B-path audio signal are modulated by the modulation circuit, then the modulated signals are combined into a path of signal by the audio combining and amplifying circuit, the combined analog audio signal is directly modulated onto the LED drive circuit, and the signal emission is completed by the white light LED emitter;
the receiving end comprises a white light LED receiver, a band-pass filter circuit, a pre-amplification circuit, a main amplification circuit and an adjusting and shaping circuit;
the white light LED receiver receives signals transmitted by the white light LED transmitter, the signals are processed by the band-pass filter circuit, the pre-amplification circuit and the main amplification circuit in sequence, the signals are enabled to reach the condition of demodulation and output, then the signals are separated into two paths by the band-pass filter circuit, and then the signals are demodulated and shaped by the adjusting and shaping circuit respectively to form an A path of audio signals and a B path of audio signals, and the output of the two paths of audio signals is completed.
2. A two-way wireless audio transmission system based on white light led according to claim 1, wherein: the modulation circuit adopts an OOK mode.
3. A two-way wireless audio transmission system based on white light led according to claim 1, wherein: the audio frequency merging and amplifying circuit adopts an addition circuit and a circuit in which two paths of input signals are mutually superposed, the signal strength is mainly reflected on the amplitude of the signals and is not influenced on the frequency, and the synthesized signals can be separated out through a filter.
4. A two-way wireless audio transmission system based on white light LED according to claim 1, wherein: the LED is driven by a 2SC1815 high-frequency triode, and the maximum collector current of the triode is 150 mA.
5. A two-way wireless audio transmission system based on white light LED according to claim 1, wherein: the white light LED emitter is formed by selecting a single white light LED light-emitting diode with the power of 1W in a parallel connection mode.
6. A two-way wireless audio transmission system based on white light LED according to claim 1, wherein: the working principle of the white light LED receiver is as follows: the white light LED receiver is a component capable of converting optical signals into electric signals through a photoelectric effect generated by interaction of a substance material and optical radiation, and the white light LED receiver adopts a PIN photodiode.
7. A two-way wireless audio transmission system based on white light LED according to claim 1, wherein: the band-pass filter circuit is a fourth-order active band-pass filter consisting of a second-order low-pass filter and a second-order high-pass filter.
8. A two-way wireless audio transmission system based on white light LED according to claim 1, wherein: the pre-amplification circuit adopts an LM4562 operational amplifier, and the main amplification circuit adopts an LM386 operational amplifier.
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Application publication date: 20201201