CN112017274B - Multi-resolution three-dimensional core pore fusion method based on pattern matching - Google Patents
Multi-resolution three-dimensional core pore fusion method based on pattern matching Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mode matching-based multi-resolution three-dimensional core pore fusion method, which is used for establishing a mode set by extracting mode information of a high-resolution pore under the conditions of high-resolution images and low-resolution images of the existing three-dimensional core and larger image scale difference, and reconstructing the high-resolution pore in a low-resolution three-dimensional pore structure by utilizing the idea of mode matching reconstruction, so that the fusion of the high-resolution and low-resolution pore information with different scales on three dimensions is realized. The method can solve the problem of pore fusion of the three-dimensional high-resolution and low-resolution images, can construct a more accurate pore network model, and improves the accuracy of rock physical property estimation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pore fusion method of a multi-resolution three-dimensional image, in particular to a multi-resolution three-dimensional core pore fusion method based on pattern matching, and belongs to the technical field of three-dimensional image reconstruction.
Background
Limited by the precision of the equipment, in practical engineering application, a large-scale core can only be scanned in three dimensions under a low-resolution condition, and the core needs to be scanned under a high-resolution condition after being cut into samples of several millimeters or even smaller to obtain a high-resolution three-dimensional image of the core. Due to the existence of contradiction between the resolution and the scale of the core digital image, the low-resolution three-dimensional image can provide large pore structure information of the core in a larger range, but small pores are seriously lost; high resolution three-dimensional images, while providing information on small pore structures, represent a small core view and do not effectively represent large pore structures in the core. The pore structure of the core is obtained by only using the digital image with single resolution, so that the characteristics of later analysis of permeability, oil and gas transmission path and the like of the core are seriously influenced, and therefore, the pore fusion of the high-resolution image and the low-resolution image is required to be realized.
In view of the fact that the dimensional difference of the high-resolution three-dimensional image and the low-resolution three-dimensional image of the real rock core is large, the pore information of the real rock core cannot be fused in a direct superposition mode. Therefore, the fusion of the high-resolution pore information and the low-resolution pore information in a reconstruction mode is a main mode for realizing the fusion of the multi-resolution three-dimensional image pore information. At present, pore fusion related to multi-resolution images is based on fusion of two-dimensional images, and related researches for directly fusing three-dimensional structures are few.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pore fusion method for known high-resolution and low-resolution three-dimensional images, which is characterized in that under the premise that the known large-pore three-dimensional structures and small-pore three-dimensional structures (respectively representing the low-resolution three-dimensional structures and the high-resolution three-dimensional structures) have complementarity of pore information, a template is used for traversing the small-pore three-dimensional structures, a pattern set is established, and pores are reconstructed in the large-pore three-dimensional structures by a pattern matching method, so that the pore information fusion of the multi-resolution three-dimensional images is realized.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
1. the invention discloses a multi-resolution three-dimensional core pore fusion method based on pattern matching, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) Estimating the porosity of the three-dimensional structure to be reconstructed according to the porosities of the three-dimensional structures of the large holes and the small holes, and taking the porosity as a judgment condition for finishing the final reconstruction;
(2) Acquiring the optimal template size for extracting the pore structure information;
(3) Establishing a pore structure mode set, and dividing the mode set into sub-mode sets;
(4) Selecting an initial mode for reconstructing the small holes in the mode set, placing the initial mode in a background of a large-hole structure, continuously translating the template to multiple directions to obtain a new mode, and quickly searching, matching and reconstructing the new mode in the mode set until the current small holes are reconstructed;
(5) And repeating the process of the small hole reconstruction in the previous step until the whole three-dimensional structure reaches the set porosity, stopping reconstruction and outputting a result.
The basic principle of the method is as follows:
by taking the idea that the Pattern Density Function Simulation (PDFSIM) algorithm carries out three-dimensional reconstruction by extracting two-dimensional pattern information of a training image, the pore pattern information in the high-resolution three-dimensional image is extracted and is used as a data source for later fusion reconstruction. Since the structure of the three-dimensional pattern is more complicated than that of the two-dimensional pattern, taking the template size equal to 3 as an example, the two-dimensional pattern type at the template size is 2 3×3 =512, and three-dimensional mode classes up to 2 3×3×3 =134217728, a sharp increase in the mode class will lead to an increase in the amount of computation. If the reconstruction is still performed by using the PDFSIM algorithm, even though the neighborhood statistics method can reduce the calculation amount after each phase exchange, in the three-dimensional mode, the exchange of two pixel points with opposite phases will cause 162 modes to change, which is much larger than 18 modes under the two-dimensional condition, so that the calculation amount of each simulation is still very large, and therefore, the reconstruction performed by using the PDFSIM algorithm is not applicable in the three-dimensional mode. By establishing a three-dimensional pore mode set in the small-view high-resolution image, using the reconstructed part as constraint and adopting the idea of mode matching to reconstruct the high-resolution three-dimensional pore structure in the low-resolution three-dimensional structure, the calculation amount in the reconstruction process can be reduced, and the purpose of three-dimensional structure fusion can be achieved.
Specifically, in the step (1), the calculation formula of the porosity of the three-dimensional image to be reconstructed is as follows on the premise that the pore sizes of the three-dimensional structures of the large pore and the small pore are not crossed:
φ＝φ s +φ b
wherein phi is the porosity of the three-dimensional image to be reconstructed, phi s And phi b Porosity of three-dimensional structures of small holes and large holes respectively;
in the step (2), a three-dimensional template with a certain size is used, a raster path is used for traversing the pore structure, when the template contains pore phase points, a pixel point set contained in the template at the moment is called a mode, because the selected size of the template is too large or too small, the obtained information amount is influenced, the templates with different sizes are used for extracting the mode of the training image, and the size of the template with the most obtained mode types is used as the optimal template size, which comprises the following steps:
wherein, a i For the template with size i, modelNum is used to obtain the number b of the lower patterns with the current template size i A function of best Is when b is i Obtaining the best template with the maximum value;
in the step (3), the pattern in the pore structure is extracted by using the optimal template to establish a pattern set. Since the later reconstruction process adopts the mode matching reconstruction method, the searching and matching of the modes are required to be continuously carried out, the number of the modes contained in the three-dimensional mode set is large, only a 3 × 3 × 3 template may contain 134217728 modes, the number of the modes contained in the larger the size of the template is, and the time is greatly spent if the whole mode set is required to be scanned every time the mode searching is carried out. In order to improve the later reconstruction efficiency, the pattern set needs to be divided into sub-pattern sets;
because only two-phase pixel points of a pore phase and a rock phase are involved in the reconstruction process, the number of pore phase points in the mode is taken as reference, the reference is called Kong Dianshu for short, the number of the pore points between two completely same modes is certain equal, and if the phase information of the pixel points of any one mode is changed, the two modes can cause that the two pixel points are differentThe seed patterns are different; two modes with different hole point numbers have different corresponding mode information, and the phase difference diff between the modes phase Diff difference from Kong Dianshu pnum And satisfies the following relationship:
diff phase ≥diff pnum
here, the conditions for dividing the number of pattern holes as a sub-pattern set include:
wherein PatSet is a pattern set, and pat is a pattern. Patset et i For the set of sub-patterns, all patterns with a number of well points i are stored, pNum (×) being a function for calculating the number of well points included in the pattern. And n is the number of the total pixel points in the three-dimensional template. If the template size is TempSize, then there is:
n＝TempSize×TempSize×TempSize；
in the step (4), since the patterns with the same hole number are divided into the same sub-pattern set, and the number of the pixel points with inconsistent phases between the patterns is certainly greater than or equal to the difference between the hole numbers contained in the pixel points, in order to improve the reconstruction efficiency, a pattern fast search strategy is used in the pattern search matching process, and the specific search mode is that if the pattern pat to be reconstructed is provided reconst If the number of the holes is i, the sub-pattern set patset i There may be a pattern that is exactly the same as it should first be at the patset i To perform search matching. If no completely consistent pattern is found, then the pattern can be found according to pat reconst Phase difference diff between the most similar pattern matched currently phase Then go to and pat reconst Kong Dianshu differential diff pnum Diff or less phase May find a closer pattern by searching through the set of sub-patterns. In the searching process, diff is continuously updated phase Until no unsearched and pat can be found reconst Kong Dianshu the difference is less than diff phase When the sub-pattern sets are selected, the judgment is made with pat reconst The best matching real pinhole pattern has been found;
the specific reconstruction process of the small hole comprises the steps of randomly selecting a mode from a mode set as an initial mode of the small hole to be reconstructed, placing the initial mode in a background of a large-hole structure, then horizontally moving a template for placing the initial mode in any direction, forming the mode to be reconstructed by pixel points contained in the template after the horizontal movement, searching real small hole mode information which is most matched with the mode to be reconstructed in the mode set according to a mode fast search strategy, replacing the current mode to be reconstructed by the matched mode, then continuously moving the template in any direction at the moment to obtain a new mode to be reconstructed, and then performing fast search matching reconstruction on the new mode to be reconstructed. Continuously repeating the above operations until the template does not contain pore points after translation or all the contained pore points are pore points with a macroporous structure in a plurality of continuous random directions, and judging that the reconstruction of the current small hole is finished;
in the step (5), the small hole structure is reconstructed hole by hole in the background of the large hole structure according to the mode in the step (4), the reconstruction of one small hole is completed every time, the porosity of the whole three-dimensional structure is counted, when the difference between the porosity and the expected fusion porosity is within a set error range, the success of fusion is judged, and a fusion result is output.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the three-dimensional pore mode set is established for the pore structure of the small-scale high-resolution image, and the high-resolution pore is reconstructed in the large-scale low-resolution three-dimensional pore structure by using the mode matching reconstruction mode, so that the problem of inconsistent scale during fusion can be avoided, and the three-dimensional pore information fusion of the high-resolution image and the low-resolution image can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a true high and low resolution three-dimensional pore structure from the same core;
FIG. 2 is the final fusion result;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of high resolution apertures reconstructed in the fusion results alone;
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
(1) Fig. 1 shows the true high and low resolution three dimensional pore structure from the same core, with the left view being the high resolution pore structure of size 128 x 128 and the right view being the low resolution pore structure of size 1024 x 1024.
(2) Calculating the pore size distribution range of the three-dimensional pore structure of fig. 1, and tabulating the maximum and minimum values of the equivalent spherical diameters of the pores, the results are shown in table 1, and it can be seen that the pore sizes in the high-resolution and low-resolution three-dimensional pore structures are not crossed, which indicates that the pore structure information between the pore structures has complementarity. Therefore, the pore information in the high-resolution image is supplemented into the low-resolution image, and a more complete rock sample pore structure can be obtained.
TABLE 1
(3) The porosity of the three-dimensional pores of the high-resolution image and the low-resolution image is calculated to be 1.60% and 2.99%, respectively, and then the porosity of the three-dimensional structure after expected fusion is set to be 4.59%.
(4) And (3) counting the extraction conditions of the templates with different sizes on the high-resolution three-dimensional pore mode to obtain that the obtained mode type reaches the maximum when the size of the template is 9 multiplied by 9.
(5) The high resolution pore modes are extracted by using a template with the size of 9 multiplied by 9 and stored into a mode set, then the mode set is sub-mode divided according to the number of pore points contained in the mode, and Kong Dianshu with the same mode is stored into the same sub-mode set.
(6) And reconstructing the high-resolution pore by combining a mode fast search strategy and utilizing a translation matching reconstruction mode, and judging that the current pore is reconstructed when the template does not contain any pore after being translated in 6 continuous random directions or all contained pores are pore points of a low-resolution three-dimensional structure.
(7) And (4) according to the reconstruction mode in the step (6), carrying out hole-by-hole reconstruction on the high-resolution pore, recording the porosity change of the whole three-dimensional structure in the reconstruction process, judging that the fusion is successful when the porosity of the three-dimensional structure and the expected fusion porosity are set to be within +/-10%, and outputting a fusion result, wherein a light gray part in the fusion result represents a low-resolution pore structure, and a dark gray part in the fusion result represents a reconstructed high-resolution pore structure as shown in fig. 2.
In the above steps, steps (3) to (7) are the main steps of the multi-resolution three-dimensional pore fusion method of the present invention.
In order to analyze the difference between the reconstructed structure and the real high-resolution three-dimensional pore structure, the reconstructed structures in the fusion result are extracted and analyzed separately, and the three-dimensional display effect and the single-layer effect of the reconstructed structures are displayed, as shown in fig. 3. Statistics are made on the pore size distribution of the reconstructed structure of fig. 3 and the real high-resolution three-dimensional pore structure of the left image of fig. 1, and the results are shown in table 2. Wherein the smallest maximum equivalent spherical diameters of the pores in the reconstructed structure are 1.13 μm and 48.94. Mu.m, respectively.
TABLE 2
It can be seen that the pore size distribution of the reconstructed structure is very close to the pore size distribution range of the real structure although the frequency of the pore size distribution of the reconstructed structure is greatly different from that of the real structure, which indicates that the pore size information of the real high-resolution three-dimensional structure is reproduced in the fusion result, and the missing pore structure in the original low-resolution three-dimensional structure is supplemented. Since pore size distributions of the pore structures are close, it can only be stated that the volume characteristics of the pores are similar and do not represent close pore morphologies. To further compare the validity of the fusion results, the reconstructed and actual structures were also compared in pore throat parameters, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
Observing the data in the table 3, it can be found that each pore throat parameter of the reconstructed structure is close to the real structure, which indicates that the invention realizes better reappearance of the pore morphology in the high-resolution three-dimensional structure. By combining the prior comparison on the pore size distribution, the invention can prove that the small-scale high-resolution three-dimensional pore structure information can be reproduced in the large-scale low-resolution three-dimensional structure, and the multi-resolution pore fusion on the three-dimensional scale is realized.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the technical solutions of the present invention, so long as the technical solutions are realized on the basis of the above embodiments without creative efforts, which should be considered to fall within the protection scope of the patent of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The multi-resolution three-dimensional core pore fusion method based on pattern matching is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Knowing the three-dimensional structures of the large holes and the small holes, and setting the porosity of the three-dimensional structure after pore fusion;
(2) Traversing the three-dimensional structure of the small hole by using templates with different sizes, calculating the size of the optimal template, specifically, counting the mode extraction condition of the three-dimensional structure of the small hole by using the templates with different sizes, and selecting the size which enables the mode type to reach the maximum as the size of the optimal template;
(3) Establishing a mode set, dividing the mode set into sub-mode sets according to the hole number of the mode, and dividing the mode with the same hole number into the same sub-mode set;
(4) Selecting an initial mode of the reconstructed small hole in the mode set, placing the initial mode in a background of a large-hole three-dimensional structure, continuously translating the template to multiple directions to obtain a new mode, and rapidly searching, matching and reconstructing the new mode in the mode set, wherein the specific searching mode is that if the mode to be reconstructed pat is provided reconst The number of the holes is i, nPattern set patset i There is a pattern that is exactly identical to it, should first be at patset i Searching and matching are carried out, and if a completely consistent mode is not found, the mode is searched according to pat reconst Phase difference diff between the most similar mode currently matched phase Then go to and pat reconst Kong Dianshu Diff pnum Diff or less phase The sub-modes are searched in a centralized way to find a more approximate mode, and diff is continuously updated in the searching process phase Until no unsearched and pat can be found reconst Kong Dianshu the difference is less than diff phase When the sub-pattern sets are selected, the judgment is made with pat reconst Finding the best matched real pinhole mode until the current pinhole is reconstructed;
(5) And (4) reconstructing the small hole three-dimensional structure one by one in the background of the large hole three-dimensional structure according to the mode in the step (4), counting the porosity of the whole three-dimensional structure when the reconstruction of one small hole is completed, judging that the fusion is successful when the difference between the porosity and the expected fusion porosity is within a set error range, and outputting a fusion result.
2. The multi-resolution three-dimensional core pore fusion method based on pattern matching as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in the step (2), the mode extraction condition of the pore three-dimensional structure by the templates with different sizes is counted, and the size which enables the mode type to reach the maximum is selected as the optimal template size, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
in this formula, i is the template size, a i For the template with size i, modelNum is used to obtain the number b of the lower patterns with the current template size i A function of best Is when b i Obtaining the best template with the maximum value;
in the step (4), a specific reconstruction process of the small hole includes randomly selecting a mode from a mode set as an initial mode of the small hole to be reconstructed, placing the initial mode in a background of a large-hole three-dimensional structure, then horizontally moving a template in which the initial mode is placed in any direction, forming the mode to be reconstructed by pixel points contained in the translated template, searching real small-hole mode information which is most matched with the mode to be reconstructed in the mode set according to a mode fast search strategy, replacing the current mode to be reconstructed by the matched mode, then continuously moving the template in any direction at the moment to obtain a new mode to be reconstructed, performing fast search matching reconstruction on the new mode to perform the fast search matching reconstruction, and continuously repeating the above operations until the template does not contain any more hole points or all contained hole points are hole points of the large-hole structure in a plurality of continuous random directions after the template is horizontally moved, and judging that the current small hole reconstruction is finished.
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